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Anderson T, Jiang H, Cheallaigh AN, Bengtsson D, Oscarson S, Cairns C, St Michael F, Cox A, Kuttel MM. Formation and immunological evaluation of Moraxella catarrhalis glycoconjugates based on synthetic oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121928. [PMID: 38431400 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Published work has shown that glycoconjugate vaccines, based on truncated detoxified lipopolysaccharides from Moraxella catarrhalis attached through their reducing end to a carrier protein, gave good protection for all three serotypes A, B, and C in mice immunisation experiments. The (from the non-reducing end) truncated LPS structures were obtained from bacterial glycosyl transferase knock-out mutants and contained the de-esterified Lipid A, two Kdo residues and five glucose moieties. This work describes the chemical synthesis of the same outer Moraxella LPS structures, spacer-equipped and further truncated from the reducing end, i.e., without the Lipid A part and containing four or five glucose moieties or four glucose moieties and one Kdo residue, and their subsequent conjugation to a carrier protein via a five‑carbon bifunctional spacer to form glycoconjugates. Immunisation experiments both in mice and rabbits of these gave a good antibody response, being 2-7 times that of pre-immune sera. However, the sera produced only recognized the immunizing glycan immunogens and failed to bind to native LPS or whole bacterial cells. Comparative molecular modelling of three alternative antigens shows that an additional (2 → 4)-linked Kdo residue, not present in the synthetic structures, has a significant impact on the shape and volume of the molecule, with implications for antigen binding and cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigh Anderson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hao Jiang
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dennis Bengtsson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Chantelle Cairns
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Frank St Michael
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andrew Cox
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michelle M Kuttel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
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2
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Montoya AL, Gil ER, Vinales I, Estevao IL, Taboada P, Torrico MC, Torrico F, Marco JD, Almeida IC, Michael K. Big is not better: Comparing two alpha-Gal-bearing glycotopes in neoglycoproteins as biomarkers for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109015. [PMID: 38198982 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is among Latin America's most widespread Leishmania species and is responsible for tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). This disease has multiple clinical presentations, with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) being the most frequent. It manifests as one or a few localized skin ulcers, which can spread to other body areas. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment, typically with pentavalent antimonials, is critical. Traditional diagnostic methods, like parasite culture, microscopy, or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the parasite DNA, have limitations due to the uneven distribution of parasites in biopsy samples. Nonetheless, studies have revealed high levels of parasite-specific anti-α-Gal antibodies in L. (V.) braziliensis-infected patients. Previously, we demonstrated that the neoglycoprotein NGP28b, consisting of the L. (Leishmania) major type-2 glycoinositolphospholipid (GIPL)-3-derived trisaccharide Galpα1,6Galpα1,3Galfβ conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) via a linker, acts as a reliable serological biomarker (BMK) for L. (V.) braziliensis infection in Brazil. This indicates the presence of GIPL-3 or a similar structure in this parasite, and its terminal trisaccharide either functions as or is part of an immunodominant glycotope. Here, we explored whether extending the trisaccharide with a mannose unit would enhance its efficacy as a biomarker for the serological detection of L. (V.) braziliensis. We synthesized the tetrasaccharide Galpα1,6Galpα1,3Galfβ1,3Manpα(CH2)3SH (G31SH) and conjugated it to maleimide-functionalized BSA to afford NGP31b. When we assessed the efficacy of NGP28b and NGP31b by chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a cohort of CL patients with L. (V.) braziliensis infection from Bolivia and Argentina against a healthy control group, both NGPs exhibited similar or identical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. This finding implies that the mannose moiety at the reducing end is not part of the glycotope recognized by the parasite-specific anti-α-Gal antibodies in patients' sera, nor does it exert a relevant influence on the terminal trisaccharide's conformation. Moreover, the mannose does not seem to inhibit glycan-antibody interactions. Therefore, NGP31b is a viable and dependable BMK for the serodiagnosis of CL caused by L. (V.) braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba L Montoya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Eileni R Gil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Irodiel Vinales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Igor L Estevao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Paola Taboada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Mary Cruz Torrico
- Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Faculty of Medicine, and Fundación CEADES, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Faustino Torrico
- Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Faculty of Medicine, and Fundación CEADES, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jorge Diego Marco
- Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Katja Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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3
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Pertel SS, Kakayan ES, Zinin AI, Kononov LO. Synthesis and study of the glycosyl-donor properties of 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-α-d-galactopyrano)-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109040. [PMID: 38232542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A synthesis of 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-α-d-galactopyrano)-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline - a previously unknown 2-alkoxy glyco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline derivative with d-galacto configuration was carried out. Glycosylating activity of the obtained galactooxazoline has been studied and it has been shown that in the presence of a weak protic acid, such as sym-collidinium triflate, this substance exhibits properties of a reactive and 1,2-trans-stereoselective glycosyl donor. The homopolymerization reaction of oxazoline derivatives of sugars has been found to proceed under the same conditions, leading to the formation of pseudo-oligosaccharide products. It has been found that this undesirable side reaction could be suppressed by changing the acid catalyst concentration, resulting in the development of efficient methods for the synthesis of glycoside and oligosaccharide derivatives of β-d-galactosamine using the synthesized 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-2-oxazoline glycosyl donor under very mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Pertel
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena S Kakayan
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Uemura A, Nadanaka S, Kitagawa H, Tamura JI. Synthesis of biotinylated chondroitin sulfate DA and AD tetrasaccharides composed of hetero-type disaccharide units, and their interactions with the mAb MO-225. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117191. [PMID: 36822013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a linear acidic polysaccharide, exhibits numerous biological activities that are dependent on sulfation patterns. CS oligosaccharides comprise repeating disaccharide units with different (hetero)-type sulfation patterns and are common in nature. We herein report the synthesis of the following biotinylated CS tetrasaccharides: CS-AD [βGalNAc4S(1-4)βGlcA(1-3)βGalNAc6S(1-4)βGlcA2S] and CS-DA [βGalNAc6S(1-4)βGlcA2S(1-3)βGalNAc4S(1-4)βGlcA], in a stereo-controlled manner. We also demonstrated that the CS-d-specific monoclonal antibody MO-225 bound more strongly to CS-DA than to CS-DD or -AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Uemura
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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Bella M, Poláková M, Puchart V. Deacetylation of arabinosylated xylosyl residues related to plant xylan: significant differences between xylan deacetylases classified into various carbohydrate esterase families. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200743. [PMID: 36779690 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A chemical synthesis of two novel phenyl glycosides of trisaccharides related to acetylarabinoxylan is described. The trisaccharides bear acetyl and arabinofuranosyl moieties at the non-reducing-end xylopyranosyl residue, which is substituted at positions 2 and 3. Both compounds were treated with various xylan deacetylases classified in different carbohydrate esterase (CE) families and significant differences between the families were found. While the arabinosylation hampers deacetylation by CE2-CE5 and CE12 family members, both epitopes are deesterified by CE1 and in particular CE6 enzymes. The 3-O-acetylated 2-O-arabinosylated compound is also processed by CE7 and majority of CE16 esterases, but not by a hitherto non-classified Flavobacterium johnsoniae acetylxylan esterase. The data suggests that a slow deesterification of the 2-O-acetylated 3-O-arabinosylated compound may be due to the acetyl group migration to position 4 followed by deacetylation of this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroš Bella
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences: Chemicky ustav Slovenskej akademie vied, Department of Glycobiology, SLOVAKIA
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences: Chemicky ustav Slovenskej akademie vied, Department of Glycobiology, SLOVAKIA
| | - Vladimír Puchart
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences: Chemicky ustav Slovenskej akademie vied, Department of Carbohydrate Enzymology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA
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Pertel SS, Seryi SA, Kakayan ES, Zinin AI, Kononov LO. New methods for the synthesis of 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyrano)-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline and its use for stereo-, chemo- and regioselective glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2022; 520:108633. [PMID: 35868150 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
New methods for the synthesis of the title oxazoline 2 from the corresponding 2-deoxy-2-(2,2,2- trichloroethoxycarbonylamino)glucosyl bromide were developed. The target 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy) gluco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline 2 can be synthesized under conditions of halide ion catalysis, using triethylamine as a base. The synthesized 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-2-oxazoline glycosyl donor was used for stereo-, regio-, and chemoselective glycosylation reactions under extremely mild conditions. The undesirable side reaction of intermolecular aglycone transfer between an ethyl thioglycoside glycosyl acceptor and the 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-2-oxazoline glycosyl donor occurred to a relatively small extent. Regio-, and chemoselectivity of the disaccharide synthesis with the oxazoline glycosyl donor depended on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Pertel
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey A Seryi
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Kakayan
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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7
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Abstract
The classic, solution-phase synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides is hampered by the numerous, time-consuming chromatographic purifications required for the isolation of the glycosylation products after each coupling step between sugar building blocks. Here, we present a detailed experimental procedure for a glycosylation reaction involving a glycosyl acceptor unit that is equipped with a perfluorinated tag. The presence of this fluorous tail allows the quick purification of the desired glycosylation product by performing a simple fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE). The described fluorous-tag-assisted glycosylation strategy greatly facilitates the assembly of building blocks, speeding up the preparation of biologically relevant GAG-like oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L de Paz
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Pedro M Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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Pengthaisong S, Hua Y, Ketudat Cairns JR. Structural basis for transglycosylation in glycoside hydrolase family GH116 glycosynthases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 706:108924. [PMID: 34019851 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosynthases are glycoside hydrolase mutants that can synthesize oligosaccharides or glycosides from an inverted donor without hydrolysis of the products. Although glycosynthases have been characterized from a variety of glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, family GH116 glycosynthases have yet to be reported. We produced the Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum TxGH116 nucleophile mutants E441D, E441G, E441Q and E441S and compared their glycosynthase activities to the previously generated E441A mutant. The TxGH116 E441G and E441S mutants exhibited highest glycosynthase activity to transfer glucose from α-fluoroglucoside (α-GlcF) to cellobiose acceptor, while E441D had low but significant activity as well. The E441G, E441S and E441A variants showed broad specificity for α-glycosyl fluoride donors and p-nitrophenyl glycoside acceptors. The structure of the TxGH116 E441A mutant with α-GlcF provided the donor substrate complex, while soaking of the TxGH116 E441G mutant with α-GlcF resulted in cellooligosaccharides extending from the +1 subsite out of the active site, with glycerol in the -1 subsite. Soaking of E441A or E441G with cellobiose or cellotriose gave similar acceptor substrate complexes with the nonreducing glucosyl residue in the +1 subsite. Combining structures with the ligands from the TxGH116 E441A with α-GlcF crystals with that of E441A or E441G with cellobiose provides a plausible structure of the catalytic ternary complex, which places the nonreducing glucosyl residue O4 2.5 Å from the anomeric carbon of α-GlcF, thereby explaining its apparent preference for production of β-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. This functional and structural characterization provides the background for development of GH116 glycosynthases for synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosides of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salila Pengthaisong
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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9
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Pertel SS, Zinin AI, Seryi SA, Kakayan ES. The study of the acid-catalyzed reaction between 2-methyl and 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy) gluco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazolines. Synthesis of macrocyclic pseudo-tetrasaccharide derivative of d-glucosamine. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108230. [PMID: 33429169 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of macrocyclic pseudo-tetrasaccharide derivative of d-glucosamine as a result of the acid-catalyzed reaction between 2-methyl- and 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-substituted oxazoline derivatives of sugars was discovered. The structure of the obtained product was determined using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. An explanation of the obtained results based on the mechanism of the reaction of electrophilic polymerization of 2-substituted glyco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazolines and the principle of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Pertel
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Seryi
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Kakayan
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Ave., 4, 295007, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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10
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Chen R. Enzyme and microbial technology for synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides: an update. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3017-26. [PMID: 29476402 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides, in either free or bound forms, play crucial roles in a wide range of biological processes. Increasing appreciation of their roles in cellular communication, interaction, pathogenesis, and prebiotic functions has stimulated tremendous interests in their synthesis. Pure and structurally defined oligosaccharides are essential for fundamental studies. On the other hand, for those with near term medical and nutraceutical applications, their large-scale synthesis is necessary. Unfortunately, oligosaccharides are notoriously difficult in their synthesis, and their enormous diverse structures leave a vast gap between what have been synthesized in laboratory and those present in various biological systems. While enzymes and microbes are nature's catalysts for oligosaccharides, their effective use is not without challenges. Using examples of galactose-containing oligosaccharides, this review analyzes the pros and cons of these two forms of biocatalysts and provides an updated view on the status of biocatalysis in this important field. Over the past few years, a large number of novel galactosidases were discovered and/or engineered for improved synthesis via transglycosylation. The use of salvage pathway for regeneration of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose has made the use of Leloir glycosyltransferases simpler and more efficient. The recent success of large-scale synthesis of 2' fucosyllactose heralded the power of whole-cell biocatalysis as a scalable technology. While it still lags behind enzyme catalysis in terms of the number of oligosaccharides synthesized, an acceleration in the use of this form of biocatalyst is expected as rapid advances in synthetic biology have made the engineering of whole cell biocatalysts less arduous and less time consuming.
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Matsushita K, Nakata T, Takeda-Okuda N, Nadanaka S, Kitagawa H, Tamura JI. Synthesis of chondroitin sulfate CC and DD tetrasaccharides and interactions with 2H6 and LY111. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1016-1025. [PMID: 29402610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized the biotinylated chondroitin sulfate tetrasaccharides CS-CC [-3)βGalNAc6S(1-4)βGlcA(1-]2 and CS-DD [-3)βGalNAc6S(1-4)βGlcA2S(1-]2 which possess sulfate groups at O-6 of GalNAc and an additional sulfate group at O-2 of GlcA, respectively. We also analyzed interactions among CS-CC and CS-DD and the antibodies 2H6 and LY111, both of which are known to bind with CS-A, while CS-DD was shown for the first time to bind with both antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakata
- Department of Regional Environment, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8551, Japan
| | - Naoko Takeda-Okuda
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8552, Japan; Department of Regional Environment, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8551, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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12
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Zhang H, Wang H, Xu Q, Lu R, Cao Y, Wang Z, Tang P, Lin F, Li Y. Synthesis of oligo-fructopyranoside with difructopyranosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate donor. Carbohydr Res 2017; 448:6-9. [PMID: 28554124 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The hexa-fructopyranoside was synthesized with N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glycosylation. The synthesis was achieved by regioselective glycosylation on the 1-OH of fructopyranosyl acceptor. Fructosyl oligosaccharides were elongated with β-(2 → 1)-difructopyranosyl unit in every two steps, without any further protection/deprotection step. This work proved N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glycosylation a practical method for oligo-fructopyranoside synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, China
| | - Hengtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiulong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, China
| | - Rui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, China
| | - Yunhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, China
| | - Zhefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, China
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drugs & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 201203, China; Honghui Medical Group, No. 6 Beijingxi Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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13
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Pokorny B, Kosma P. Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl extended α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2016; 422:5-12. [PMID: 26795079 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pokorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Abstract
2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (d-glucosamine) is among the most abundant monosaccharides found in natural products. This constituent, recognized for its ubiquity, is presented in most instances as its N-acetyl derivative 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose (N-acetylglucosamine, GlcNAc, NAG). It occurs as the β-linked pyranosyl group in polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, and sometimes as the monosaccharide itself, either in its native state or as a glycoconjugate. The compound's acylation profile and other aspects of its structure are important elements in determining the variety of reactivities and functions of the molecule as a whole. Methods elaborated to investigate these challenges have been intensively reviewed; however, a relatively more comprehensive reviewing of this subject is introduced here to cover some aspects that have not been sufficiently covered. This might enable those who are beginners in this field to be aware of the subject in a more comprehensive context. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucosylation strategies demand robust amino-protecting groups that survive under a variety of chemical conditions, yet provide groups that can be deprotected under relatively mild conditions. At the end of this review, a table that includes all the N-protecting groups that have been used for glucosamine is provided to introduce them at a glance to aid in constructing building blocks that will act as useful 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed Aly
- Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - El Sayed H El Ashry
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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15
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Tsuda T, Nihira T, Chiku K, Suzuki E, Arakawa T, Nishimoto M, Kitaoka M, Nakai H, Fushinobu S. Characterization and crystal structure determination of β-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase from Listeria innocua. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3816-21. [PMID: 26632508 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 130 consists of phosphorylases and hydrolases for β-mannosides. Here, we characterized β-1,2-mannobiose phosphorylase from Listeria innocua (Lin0857) and determined its crystal structures complexed with β-1,2-linked mannooligosaccharides. β-1,2-Mannotriose was bound in a U-shape, interacting with a phosphate analog at both ends. Lin0857 has a unique dimer structure connected by a loop, and a significant open-close loop displacement was observed for substrate entry. A long loop, which is exclusively present in Lin0857, covers the active site to limit the pocket size. A structural basis for substrate recognition and phosphorolysis was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tsuda
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takanori Nihira
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Erika Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nishimoto
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Motomitsu Kitaoka
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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16
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Saeui CT, Urias E, Liu L, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ. Metabolic glycoengineering bacteria for therapeutic, recombinant protein, and metabolite production applications. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:425-41. [PMID: 25931032 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering is a specialization of metabolic engineering that focuses on using small molecule metabolites to manipulate biosynthetic pathways responsible for oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate production. As outlined in this article, this technique has blossomed in mammalian systems over the past three decades but has made only modest progress in prokaryotes. Nevertheless, a sufficient foundation now exists to support several important applications of metabolic glycoengineering in bacteria based on methods to preferentially direct metabolic intermediates into pathways involved in lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, or capsule polysaccharide production. An overview of current applications and future prospects for this technology are provided in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esteban Urias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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17
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Pokorny B, Müller-Loennies S, Kosma P. Synthesis of α-d-glucosyl substituted methyl glycosides of 3-deoxy-α-d-manno- and d-glycero-α-d-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo/Ko) corresponding to inner core fragments of Acinetobacter lipopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2014; 391:66-81. [PMID: 24785390 PMCID: PMC4019464 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of Acinetobacter LPS fragments with orthogonal protecting pattern. First synthesis of Ko-glycosides substituted at position 5. α-Selective glucosylation using benzylidene trifluoroacetimidate donor. Regioselective phosphorylation at C-6 of a glucosyl substituent.
The α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→5)-substituted methyl glycosides of 3-deoxy-α-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), 3-deoxy-α-d-lyxo-hept-2-ulosonic acid (Kdh), and d-glycero-α-d-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Ko) were prepared using orthogonally protected glycosyl acceptor derivatives via glycosylation with a torsionally disarmed 4,6-O-benzylidene protected trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor followed by global deprotection. The related 6-O-phosphoryl-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→5)-substituted Kdo and Kdh derivatives were derived from a benzylidene-protected glucosyl intermediate using phosphoramidite and phosphoryl chloride-based phosphorylation steps, respectively. The deprotected disaccharides serve as ligands to study lectin binding of Acinetobacter lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pokorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Hamura K, Saburi W, Matsui H, Mori H. Modulation of acceptor specificity of Ruminococcus albus cellobiose phosphorylase through site-directed mutagenesis. Carbohydr Res 2013; 379:21-5. [PMID: 23845516 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.20, CBP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of cellobiose to α-D-glucose 1-phosphate (Glc1P) and d-glucose. Cys485, Tyr648, and Glu653 of CBP from Ruminococcus albus, situated at the +1 subsite, were mutated to modulate acceptor specificity. C485A, Y648F, and Y648V were active enough for analysis. Their acceptor specificities were compared with the wild type based on the apparent kinetic parameters determined in the presence of 10 mM Glc1P. C485A showed higher preference for D-glucosamine than the wild type. Apparent kcat/Km values of Y648F for D-mannose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose were 8.2- and 4.0-fold higher than those of the wild type, respectively. Y648V had synthetic activity toward N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, while the other variants did not. The oligosaccharide production in the presence of the same concentrations of wild type and each mutant was compared. C485A produced 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucosamine from 10 mM Glc1P and D-glucosamine at a rate similar to the wild type. Y648F and Y648V produced 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose and 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine much more rapidly than the wild type when D-mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were used as acceptors, respectively. After a 4h reaction, the amounts of 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose and 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine produced by Y648F and Y648V were 5.9- and 12-fold higher than the wild type, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hamura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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