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Felder S, Wu S, Brom J, Micouin L, Benedetti E. Enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes: Synthesis and applications in asymmetric organocatalysis. Chirality 2021; 33:506-527. [PMID: 34302702 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This short review focuses on enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes (pCps), a fascinating class of molecules that possess an unusual three-dimensional core and intriguing physicochemical properties. In the first part of the review, different synthetic strategies for preparing optically active pCps are described. Although classical resolution methods based on the synthesis and separation of diastereoisomeric products still dominate the field, recent advances involving the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds and the desymmetrization of meso derivatives open up new possibilities to access enantiopure key intermediates on synthetically useful scales. Due to their advantageous properties including high configurational and chemical stability, [2.2]paracyclophanes are increasingly employed in various research fields, ranging from stereoselective synthesis to material sciences. The applications of [2.2]paracyclophanes in asymmetric organocatalysis are described in the second part of the review. While historically enantiopure pCps have been mainly employed by organic chemists as chiral ligands in transition-metal catalysis, these compounds can also be used as efficient catalysts in metal-free reactions and may inspire the development of new transformations in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Felder
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jules Brom
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erica Benedetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Weinzierl D, Waser M. Chiral isothiourea-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:800-804. [PMID: 33889220 PMCID: PMC8042488 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a method for the kinetic resolution of racemic 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane by means of a chiral isothiourea-catalyzed acylation with isobutyric anhydride. This protocol allows for a reasonable synthetically useful s-factor of 20 and provides a novel entry to obtain this interesting planar chiral motive in an enantioenriched manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weinzierl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Zhuravsky RP, Antonov DY, Sergeeva EV, Godovikov IA, Starikova ZA, Vologzhanina AV, Atman NV. Solvent-Dependent Regio- and Stereoselective Oxidation of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Derived Phenols. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jayasundera KP, Kusmus DNM, Deuilhé L, Etheridge L, Farrow Z, Lun DJ, Kaur G, Rowlands GJ. The synthesis of substituted amino[2.2]paracyclophanes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10848-10860. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amino[2.2]paracyclophanes can be prepared by direct amination of bromo[2.2]paracyclophanes or more generally by a formylation–oxime formation–oxidation–Lossen-like rearrangement sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Disraëli N. M. Kusmus
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Lise Deuilhé
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes
| | - Leonie Etheridge
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Zane Farrow
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - David J. Lun
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Gareth J. Rowlands
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
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Atman Vorontsova NV, Zhuravsky RP, Antonov DY, Sergeeva EV, Godovikov IA, Starikova ZA, Vologzhanina AV. Synthesis of Bromo-Substituted 4-Hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophanes and [2.2]Paracyclophane-4,7-quinones as Versatile Chiral Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schaal née Lennartz P, Baars H, Raabe G, Atodiresei I, Bolm C. Phenyliodine Diacetate-Mediatedpara-Functionalizations of Amido- and Amino-Substituted [2.2]Paracyclophanes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Cakici M, Bräse S. Modular Synthesis of Planar-Chiralpara-Substituted Paracyclophanes by Double Suzuki Coupling. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lennartz P, Raabe G, Bolm C. Synthesis of Planar Chiral Carbazole Derivatives Bearing a [2.2]Paracyclophane Skeleton. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Zhuravsky RP, Danilova TI, Antonov DY, Sergeeva EV, Starikova ZA, Godovikov IA, Il'in MM, Rozenberg VI. Aryl[2.2]paracyclophane-Based Chiral Regioisomeric Analogs of Salicyl Aldehyde: Novel Sources for Construction of Phenoxy-Imine Ligands. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schneider JF, Fröhlich R, Paradies J. [2.2]Paracyclophane-Derived Planar-Chiral Hydrogen-Bond Receptors. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schneebeli ST, Kamenetska M, Cheng Z, Skouta R, Friesner RA, Venkataraman L, Breslow R. Single-Molecule Conductance through Multiple π−π-Stacked Benzene Rings Determined with Direct Electrode-to-Benzene Ring Connections. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2136-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja111320n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Severin T. Schneebeli
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Maria Kamenetska
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zhanling Cheng
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Richard A. Friesner
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ronald Breslow
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Applied Physics and Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Friedmann CJ, Ay S, Bräse S. Improved Synthesis of Enantiopure 4-Hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4612-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100468s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J. Friedmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sefer Ay
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Vorontsova N, Rozenberg V, Sergeeva E, Vorontsov E, Starikova Z, Lyssenko K, Hopf H. Symmetrically Tetrasubstituted [2.2]Paracyclophanes: Their Systematization and Regioselective Synthesis of Several Types of Bis-Bifunctional Derivatives by Double Electrophilic Substitution. Chemistry 2008; 14:4600-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhuravsky R, Starikova Z, Vorontsov E, Rozenberg V. Novel strategy for the synthesis of chiral pseudo-ortho-substituted hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane-based ligands from the resolved 4-bromo-12-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane as a parent compound. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Antonov DY, Rozenberg VI, Danilova TI, Starikova ZA, Hopf H. Iminophenol Ligands Derived from Chiral Regioisomeric Hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane-carbaldehydes: the Influence of the Substitution Pattern on Asymmetric Induction. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Rowlands GJ. The synthesis of enantiomerically pure [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1527-34. [DOI: 10.1039/b800698a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Planar chiral hydroxy derivatives of [2.2]paracyclophane as auxiliaries for asymmetric allylboration. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Synthesis of planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane monophosphine ligands and their application in the umpolung allylation of aldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Vorontsova NV, Vorontsov EV, Sergeeva EV, Rozenberg VI. The first regioselective double electrophilic substitution of the C2-symmetric pseudo-meta-disubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Carrow B, Bakhru H, Wang PI, Chen Y, Senkevich J. Dehydrohalogenation in Alpha-Functionalized Poly-p-xylylenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200506426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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5-Nitro[2.2]paracyclophanepyran-6-one—building block for the synthesis of [2.2]paracyclophanes containing condensed benzofuran subunits. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Sergeeva EV, Rozenberg VI, Antonov DY, Vorontsov EV, Starikova ZA, Fedyanin IV, Hopf H. Novel multichiral diols and diamines by highly stereoselective pinacol coupling of planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives. Chemistry 2005; 11:6944-61. [PMID: 16138381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The TiCl4/Zn-mediated intermolecular pinacol coupling of the planar chiral carbonyl compounds [2.2]paracyclophane-4-carbaldehyde, 4-acetyl[2.2]paracyclophane (ketone) and the four regioisomeric 5-, 7-, 12- and 13-methoxy[2.2]paracyclophane-4-carbaldehydes as well as the pTosOH-Zn/Cu-promoted coupling of their N-substituted imines is described. Coupling of the enantiomerically pure substrates (most of carbonyl compounds and all imines) occurs stereoselectively giving rise to diastereomerically pure 1,2-diols and 1,2-diamines. Racemic aldehydes and ketone react with different degrees of stereoselectivity (depending on the substituents in certain positions) and produce one to three diastereomers. 7-methoxy[2.2]paracyclophane-4-carbaldehyde undergoes a tandem pinacol coupling-pinacol rearrangement to yield bis-(7-methoxy[2.2]paracyclophane-4-yl)acetaldehyde. Coupling of the racemic imines produces a mixture of single racemic D,L-diamine and single meso-diamine in each case. The stereoselective formation of the asymmetric centres is governed by the planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanyl moiety. The techniques elaborated are extended to the intramolecular coupling of [2.2]paracyclophane-4,13-dicarbaldehyde and its bis-N-phenylimine, resulting in stereoselective formation of the chiral triply-bridged diol and exclusive formation of the meso-diamine. X-Ray investigations of several diols and diamines have been carried out and the structural features of these derivatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Sergeeva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Castro JM, Linares-Palomino PJ, Salido S, Altarejos J, Nogueras M, Sánchez A. Enantiospecific synthesis, separation and olfactory evaluation of all diastereomers of a homologue of the sandalwood odorant Polysantol®. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hitchcock PB, Rowlands GJ, Parmar R. The synthesis of enantiomerically pure 4-substituted [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives by sulfoxide-metal exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:4219-21. [PMID: 16100609 DOI: 10.1039/b507394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 4-substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes from a common sulfoxide precursor is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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Abstract
A database survey of molecules with and without a chiral centre indicates molecular flexibility plays a role in space group choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Pidcock
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1EZ.
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Rozenberg V, Zhuravsky R, Sergeeva E. Design, classification, and strategies of synthesis of modular bidentate ligands based on aryl[2.2]paracyclophane backbone. Chirality 2005; 18:95-102. [PMID: 16385621 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aryl[2.2]paracyclophane backbone, which is a "hybrid" of a configurationally rigid [2.2]paracyclophanyl unit and a biphenyl unit, is proposed as a new source for the chiral ligands. Classification of such ligands in accordance with mutual arrangement of the functional substituents and their nature is also introduced. Key strategic approaches to the synthesis of regioisomeric biphenols and hydroxyaldehydes, including Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, lithiation/electrophilic quench, and chiral resolution, are elaborated. Examples of their further modification and application of several O,O- and N,O-ligands as chiral inductors in asymmetric catalysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rozenberg
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Starikova ZA, Fedyanin IV, Antipin MY. Conformational rigidity and flexibility of the paracyclophane skeleton in substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes. Russ Chem Bull 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-005-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yamashita M, Shimizu T, Kawasaki I, Ohta S. Determination of the absolute configuration and the first total synthesis of (−)- and (+)-linderol A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Jiang B, Zhao XL. A simple and efficient resolution of (±)-4,12-dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Novel chiral tridentate Schiff base ligands of the [2.2]paracyclophane series: synthesis and application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rozenberg V, Antonov D, Zhuravsky R, Vorontsov E, Starikova Z. A novel class of bidentate ligands with a conformationally flexible biphenyl unit built into a planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane backbone. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Danilova TI, Rozenberg VI, Vorontsov EV, Starikova ZA, Hopf H. A new family of planar-chiral symmetric and unsymmetric salens based on the [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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