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Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Benzannulated Double Aza[9]helicenes: Synthesis, Structures, and (Chir)optical Properties. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400134. [PMID: 38421377 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A benzannulated double aza[9]helicene 1 was successfully synthesized via a one-pot oxidative fusion reaction. 1 was derivatized to N-alkylated double aza[9]helicene 1-Et and 1-Bu, whose structures were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. 1-Et and 1-Bu exhibited red-shifted absorption and fluorescence spectra compared to single aza[9]helicene. The double aza[9]helicenes were expected to have two different conformers. Consistent with solid-state structure, the chiral-isomer was estimated to be more stable by 16 kcal/mol relative to meso-isomer. Indeed, enantiomers of 1-Et and 1-Bu were optically resolved by HPLC and showed mirror-imaged CD and CPL spectra with the CPL brightness up to 19.2 M-1cm-1 for 1-Bu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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2
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Shu L, Lv Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Zhang M, Jin Z, Li T, Chi YR. Design, synthesis and Anti-PVY activity of planar chiral thiourea derivatives incorporated with [2.2]Paracyclophane. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38662600 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato virus Y (PVY) is a prominent representative of plant viruses. It can inflict severe damage upon Solanaceae plants, leading to global dissemination and substantial economic losses. To discover new antiviral agents, a class of planar chiral thiourea molecules through the key step of N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed nitrile formation reaction was synthesized with excellent optical purities for antiviral evaluations against plant virus PVY. RESULTS The absolute configurations of the planar chiral compounds exhibited obvious distinctions in the anti-PVY activities. Notability, compound (S)-4u exhibited remarkable curative activities against PVY, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 349.3 μg mL-1, which was lower than that of the ningnanmycin (NNM) (EC50 = 400.8 μg mL-1). Additionally, The EC50 value for the protective effects of (S)-4u was 146.2 μg mL-1, which was superior to that of NNM (276.4 μg mL-1). Furthermore, the mechanism-of-action of enantiomers of planar chiral compound 4u was investigated through molecular docking, defensive enzyme activity tests and chlorophyll content tests. CONCLUSION Biological mechanism studies have demonstrated that the configuration of planar chiral target compounds plays a crucial role in the molecular interaction with PVY-CP, enhancing the activity of defense enzymes and affecting chlorophyll content. The current study has provided significant insights into the roles played by planar chiralities in plant protection against viruses. This paves the way for the development of novel green pesticides bearing planar chiralities with excellent optical purities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Grants
- RG7/20 Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award, MOE AcRF Tier 2, and MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award
- RG70/21 Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award, MOE AcRF Tier 2, and MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award
- MOE2019-T2-2-117 Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award, MOE AcRF Tier 2, and MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award
- MOE2018-T3-1-003 Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE AcRF Tier 1 Award, MOE AcRF Tier 2, and MOE AcRF Tier 3 Award
- NRF-NRFI2016-06 Singapore National Research Foundation under its NRF Investigatorship and Competitive Research Program
- NRF-CRP22-2019-0002 Singapore National Research Foundation under its NRF Investigatorship and Competitive Research Program
- QianjiaoheKY(2020)004 Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules, Department of Education, Guizhou Province
- 2022YFD1700300 National Key Research and Development Program of China
- 111Program, D20023 the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China
- GuidaTegangHezi(2023)23 Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou University
- [2019]1020 the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province
- Qiankehejichu-ZK[2021]Key033 the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province
- 32172459 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 21961006 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 22371057 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 22071036 National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhen Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhongyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Fusè M, Mazzeo G, Abbate S, Ruzziconi R, Bloino J, Longhi G. Mid-IR and CH stretching vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy to distinguish various sources of chirality: The case of quinophaneoxazoline based ruthenium(II) complexes. Chirality 2024; 36:e23649. [PMID: 38409881 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Five diastereomers of ruthenium(II) complexes based on quinolinophaneoxazoline ligands were investigated by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) in the mid-IR and CH stretching regions. Diastereomers differ in three sources of chirality: the planar chirality of the quinolinophane moiety, the central chirality of an asymmetric carbon atom of the oxazoline ring, and the chirality of the ruthenium atom. VCD, allied to DFT calculations, has been found to be effective in disentangling the various forms of chirality. In particular, a VCD band is identified in the CH stretching region directly connected to the chirality of the metal. The analysis of the calculated VCD spectra is carried out by partitioning the complexes into fragments. The anharmonic analysis is also performed with a recently proposed reduced-dimensionality approach: such treatment is particularly important when examining spectroscopic regions highly perturbed by resonances, like the CH stretching region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fusè
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DMMT), Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DMMT), Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DMMT), Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Research Unit Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Renzo Ruzziconi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DMMT), Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Research Unit Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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4
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Dai L, Zhao L, Xu D, Yang C, Zhang XK. Enhancing the Efficacy of Chiral Ligands and Catalysts: Siloxane-Substituted Oxazoline Ferrocenes as Next-Generation Candidates. Molecules 2024; 29:968. [PMID: 38474480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of classical chiral oxazoline ferrocene ligands in 1995, they have become pivotal in transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations. Over the past decade, a notable evolution has been observed with the emergence of siloxane-substituted oxazoline ferrocenes, demonstrating significant potential as chiral ligands and catalysts. These compounds have consistently delivered exceptional results in diverse and mechanistically distinct transformations, surpassing the capabilities of classical oxazoline ferrocene ligands. This review meticulously delineates the research progress on siloxane-substituted oxazoline ferrocene compounds. It encompasses the synthesis of crucial precursors and desired products, highlights their achievements in asymmetric catalysis reactions, and delves into the exploration of the derivatization of these compounds, emphasizing the introduction of ionophilic groups and their impact on the recovery of transition metal catalysts. In addition to presenting the current state of knowledge, this review propels future research directions by identifying potential topics for further investigation concerning the siloxane-tagged derivatives. These derivatives are poised to be promising candidates for the next generation of highly efficient ligands and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Di Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xin-Kuan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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5
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Yan H, Yin X, Wang D, Han T, Tang BZ. Synergistically Boosting the Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Functionalized Pillar[5]arenes by Polymerization and Aggregation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2305149. [PMID: 37867209 PMCID: PMC10724438 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers based on chiral macrocycles have attracted increasing attention in the field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) owing to their unique properties. However, the construction of macrocyclic supramolecular polymers with highly efficient CPL properties in aggregate states still remains challenging. Herein, w e constructed a class of macrocycle-based coordination polymers by combining the planar chiral properties of pillar[5]arene with the excellent fluorescence properties of aggregation-induced emission luminogens. The formation of polymers enhances both the fluorescence and chiral properties, resulting in chiral supramolecular polymers with remarkable CPL properties. Increasing the aggregation degree of the polymers can further improve their CPL properties, as evidenced by a 21-fold increase in the dissymmetry factor and an over 25-fold increase in the fluorescence quantum yield in the aggregate state compared to the solution state. Such a synergistic effect of polymerization- and aggregation-enhanced CPL can be explained by the restriction of intramolecular motions and aggregation-induced conformation confinement. This work provides a promising method for developing highly efficient CPL supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518060China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518060China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518060China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518060China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen (CUHK‐Shenzhen)Guangdong518172China
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6
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Macé A, Hamrouni K, Matozzo P, Coehlo M, Firlej J, Aloui F, Vanthuyne N, Caytan E, Cordier M, Pieters G, Srebro-Hooper M, Berrée F, Carboni B, Crassous J. Synthesis, structural characterization, and chiroptical properties of planarly and axially chiral boranils. Chirality 2023; 35:227-246. [PMID: 36735567 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino[2.2]paracyclophane reacts with salicylaldehyde or 2-hydroxyacetophenone to yield imines that then give access to a new series of boranils (8b-d) upon complexation with BF2 . These novel boron-containing compounds display both planar and axial chiralities and were examined experimentally and computationally. In particular, their photophysical and chiroptical properties were studied and compared to newly prepared, simpler boranils (9a-d) exhibiting axial chirality only. Less sophisticated chiral architectures were shown to demonstrate overall stronger circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Macé
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Khaoula Hamrouni
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France.,Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of Organic Materials for Organic Electronics (LR18ES19), Faculty of Sciences, Avenue of Environment, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Paola Matozzo
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Max Coehlo
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jakub Firlej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Faouzi Aloui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of Organic Materials for Organic Electronics (LR18ES19), Faculty of Sciences, Avenue of Environment, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Fabienne Berrée
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, Rennes, France
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7
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Ye J, Li L, You Y, Jiao C, Cui Z, Zhang Y, Jia S, Cong H, Liu S, Cheng HG, Zhou Q. Enantioselective Assembly of Ferrocenes with Axial and Planar Chiralities via Palladium/Chiral Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. JACS Au 2023; 3:384-390. [PMID: 36873690 PMCID: PMC9976344 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of ferrocenes with both axial and planar chiralities poses a considerable challenge. Herein, we report a strategy for the construction of both axial and planar chiralities in a ferrocene system via palladium/chiral norbornene (Pd/NBE*) cooperative catalysis. In this domino reaction, the first established axial chirality is dictated by Pd/NBE* cooperative catalysis, while the latter planar chirality is controlled by the preinstalled axial chirality through a unique axial-to-planar diastereoinduction process. This method exploits readily available ortho-ferrocene-tethered aryl iodides (16 examples) and the bulky 2,6-disubstituted aryl bromides (14 examples) as the starting materials. Five- to seven-membered benzo-fused ferrocenes with both axial and planar chiralities (32 examples) are obtained in one step with constantly high enantioselectivities (>99% e.e.) and diastereoselectivities (>19:1 d.r.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Ye
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lisha Li
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yiming You
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chengkang Jiao
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Cui
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shihu Jia
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage
Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon
Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on
Organic and Polymeric OptoElectronic Materials, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- TaiKang
Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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8
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Peluso P, Mamane V. Ferrocene derivatives with planar chirality and their enantioseparation by liquid-phase techniques. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:158-189. [PMID: 35946562 PMCID: PMC10087518 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, planar chiral ferrocenes have attracted a growing interest in several fields, particularly in asymmetric catalysis, medicinal chemistry, chiroptical spectroscopy and electrochemistry. In this frame, the access to pure or enriched enantiomers of planar chiral ferrocenes has become essential, relying on the availability of efficient asymmetric synthesis procedures and enantioseparation methods. Despite this, in enantioseparation science, these metallocenes were not comprehensively explored, and very few systematic analytical studies were reported in this field so far. On the other hand, enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography has been frequently used by organic and organometallic chemists in order to measure the enantiomeric purity of planar chiral ferrocenes prepared by asymmetric synthesis. On these bases, this review aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview on the enantioseparation of planar chiral ferrocenes by discussing liquid-phase enantioseparation methods developed over time, integrating this main topic with the most relevant aspects of ferrocene chemistry. Thus, the main structural features of ferrocenes and the methods to model this class of metallocenes will be briefly summarized. In addition, planar chiral ferrocenes of applicative interest as well as the limits of asymmetric synthesis for the preparation of some classes of planar chiral ferrocenes will also be discussed with the aim to orient analytical scientists towards 'hot topics' and issues which are still open for accessing enantiomers of ferrocenes featured by planar chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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9
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Morisaki A, Inoue R, Morisaki Y. Synthesis of Two Novel Optically Active #-Shaped Cyclic Tetramers Based on Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophanes. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203533. [PMID: 36585383 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of optically active cyclic tetramers comprising four stacked π-electron systems from two enantiomerically pure [2.2]paracyclophane compounds (bis-(para)-pseudo-ortho- and bis-(para)-pseudo-meta-tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane compounds). Depending on the combination of the absolute configurations of the planar chiral pseudo-ortho- and pseudo-meta-[2.2]paracyclophane units, the cyclic tetramers formed either parallel-#- or weave-#-structures. The optical and chiroptical properties of both structures were investigated experimentally and theoretically. In particular, the weave-#-shaped cyclic tetramer exhibited good chiroptical properties and emitted circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with a high anisotropy factor (|glum | value of the order of 10-3 ) and a CPL brightness (BCPL ) higher than 100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
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10
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Igawa K, Uehara K, Kawasaki Y, Tomooka K. Stereochemical study on planar-chiral cyclic molecules using polysaccharide-based column chromatography. Chirality 2022; 34:824-832. [PMID: 35403298 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of planar chirality of a variety of medium-sized heterocycles, along with nine-membered cyclic ketone and its enol ester, was revealed by observation of isolable enantiomers by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral stationary phase with a polysaccharide-based chiral selector. Several tens of milligrams of enantiomers of the planar-chiral molecules were successfully separated by preparative-scale HPLC, leading to the preparation of an enantioenriched sample. This in turn enabled detailed stereochemical studies, including measurement of half-lives of the optical activity and X-ray crystallography for elucidation of stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uehara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuuya Kawasaki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Tanaka K, Inoue R, Morisaki Y. Optically Active Cyclic Oligomers Based on Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101267. [PMID: 34845839 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Optically active cyclic dimer, trimer, and tetramer, in which the p-arylene-ethynylenes were stacked, were prepared using enantiopure 4,7,12,15-tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane as the chiral building block. All molecules exhibited clear Cotton effects in their absorption bands with mirror image spectra, and the signals of the longest wavelengths of the (Rp )- and (Sp )-isomers were positive and negative, respectively. Their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signs corresponded with the those of the first Cotton effect. For all molecules, molecular orbitals were localized in one of the stacked p-arylene-ethynylenes in the excited states, resulting in a similar photoluminescence behavior. Although the cyclic dimer did not emit CPL, the cyclic trimer and tetramer exhibited intense CPL emissions with a relatively high dissymmetry factor in the order of 10-3 . Their optical and chiroptical properties were reproduced by time-dependent density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Planar chirality is one of the most fascinating expressions of chirality, exploited by Nature to lock three-dimensional chiral conformations and, more recently, by chemists to create new chiral reagents, catalysts and functional organic materials. Nevertheless, the shortage of protocols able to induce and secure asymmetry during the generation of these unique chiral entities has dissuaded chemists to exploit their structural properties. This Minireview intends to illustrate the limited but remarkable catalytic methodologies reported for the production of planar chirality in strained molecules and serve as source of inspiration for the development of new unconventional protocols that are expected to come in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lopez
- University of the Basque Country, Dept. of Organic Chemistry I, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20009, San Sebastán, SPAIN
| | - Claudio Palomo
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco, Department of Organic Chemistry I, SPAIN
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13
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Fa S, Mizobata M, Nagano S, Suetsugu K, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Ogoshi T. Reversible "On/Off" Chiral Amplification of Pillar[5]arene Assemblies by Dual External Stimuli. ACS Nano 2021; 15:16794-16801. [PMID: 34542992 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report dual-stimuli, thermo- and photostimuli, responsive chiral assemblies, of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes with azobenzene groups on their rims. The azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes were synthesized by copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition "click" reaction of azide-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes containing S or R stereogenic carbon atoms with an alkyne-substituted azobenzene. These decaazides with stereogenic carbons could act as starting points for a large library of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. Homeotropic alignment of azobenzenes, caused by the mesogenic property of the azobenzene groups, was induced by annealing a film of the azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. The alignment resulted in chiral propagation from the planar-chiral pillar[5]arene cores to the azobenzene area and caused significant chiral amplification consequently. These aligned chiral assemblies were collapsed by trans to cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups, resulting in chiral amplification off, and reconstructed by cis to trans thermo-isomerization, again turning on the chiral amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizobata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kota Suetsugu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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14
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Felder S, Wu S, Brom J, Micouin L, Benedetti E. Enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes: Synthesis and applications in asymmetric organocatalysis. Chirality 2021; 33:506-527. [PMID: 34302702 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This short review focuses on enantiopure planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophanes (pCps), a fascinating class of molecules that possess an unusual three-dimensional core and intriguing physicochemical properties. In the first part of the review, different synthetic strategies for preparing optically active pCps are described. Although classical resolution methods based on the synthesis and separation of diastereoisomeric products still dominate the field, recent advances involving the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds and the desymmetrization of meso derivatives open up new possibilities to access enantiopure key intermediates on synthetically useful scales. Due to their advantageous properties including high configurational and chemical stability, [2.2]paracyclophanes are increasingly employed in various research fields, ranging from stereoselective synthesis to material sciences. The applications of [2.2]paracyclophanes in asymmetric organocatalysis are described in the second part of the review. While historically enantiopure pCps have been mainly employed by organic chemists as chiral ligands in transition-metal catalysis, these compounds can also be used as efficient catalysts in metal-free reactions and may inspire the development of new transformations in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Felder
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jules Brom
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erica Benedetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacolgiques et Toxicologiques - UMR8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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15
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Ogasawara M. Enantioselective Preparation of Planar-Chiral Transition Metal Complexes by Asymmetric Olefin-Metathesis Reactions in Metal Coordination Spheres. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3509-3519. [PMID: 33886160 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Planar-chiral transition metal complexes are useful chiral auxiliaries in organic and organometallic chemistry, and they have been utilized as chiral ligands, chiral catalysts, or chiral building blocks, etc. Despite the importance of such planar-chiral species in asymmetric synthesis, their preparation in optically active forms is still a challenging problem. Indeed, reported examples of catalytic enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral complexes have been rare, and this has been a developing area in this field. In this personal account, recent results from our research group on the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of various planar-chiral transition metal complexes are summarized. The asymmetric ring-closing metathesis reactions catalyzed by the well-defined molybdenum-alkylidene species are powerful methods to control the planar chirality in ferrocenes, ruthenocenes, (η6 -arene)chromium complexes, and (η5 -cyclopentadienyl)manganese(I) complexes. Application of the enantiomerically enriched complexes obtained by our methods is described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Ogasawara
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Science and Technology and Tokushima International Science Institute, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
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16
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Weinzierl D, Waser M. Chiral isothiourea-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:800-804. [PMID: 33889220 PMCID: PMC8042488 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a method for the kinetic resolution of racemic 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane by means of a chiral isothiourea-catalyzed acylation with isobutyric anhydride. This protocol allows for a reasonable synthetically useful s-factor of 20 and provides a novel entry to obtain this interesting planar chiral motive in an enantioenriched manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weinzierl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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17
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Honegger P, Roller A, Widhalm M. Synthesis and characterization of enantiopure planar-chiral phosphorus-linked diferrocenes. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:152-160. [PMID: 33664166 PMCID: PMC7941264 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Six new homochiral diferrocenyl derivatives have been synthesized, one of which is purely planar–chiral. Even if the two diferrocene subunits are identical, they are distinguished due to their positions relative to the substituents at the phosphorous prochiral centre. In the course of an ongoing synthetic project on cyclic diferrocenylphosphines, we obtained a group of planar–chiral diferrocenyl compounds useful as precursors for subsequent cyclization. Here we report the crystal structures of two symmetric compounds [(FcA)2(Ph)P], one of which contains four stereogenic centres (two C chiral and two planar chiral centres), i.e. 1,1′-(phenylphosphanediyl)bis{(2Sp)-2-[(1R)-1-(acetyloxy)ethyl]ferrocene}, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C24H25O4P)], and the other phosphine sulfide is a purely planar–chiral compound (two planar chiral centres), i.e. bis[(2Sp)--2-ethenylferrocen-1-yl]phenylphosphane sulfide, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C20H17PS)]. Owing to the stereocentres present, reactions performed on [(FcA)2(Ph)P]-type compounds strongly favour one ferrocene unit over the other due to diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, we present four related structures where the ferrocene units are not identical [(FcA)(FcB)(Ph)P]. These are {(2Sp)-2-[(1R)-1-(acetyloxy)ethyl]ferrocen-1-yl}[(2Sp)-2-ethenylferrocen-1-yl]phenyl-(S)-phosphine sulfide, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C22H21O2PS)], [(2Sp)-2-ethenylferrocen-1-yl]{(2Sp)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]ferrocen-1-yl}phenyl-(S)-phosphine sulfide, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C20H19OPS)], {(2Sp)-2-[(1R)-1-(acetyloxy)ethyl]ferrocen-1-yl}{(2Sp)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]ferrocen-1-yl}phenyl-(R)-phosphine sulfide, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C22H23O3PS)], and {(2Sp)-2-[(1R)-1-benzylamino)ethyl]ferrocen-1-yl}[(2Sp)-2-ethenylferrocen-1-yl]phenyl-(S)-phosphine sulfide, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C27H26NPS)]. All of the structures are accessible in one step from known precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Honegger
- Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Widhalm
- Department of Chemical Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Ni J, Liu S, Hu G, Hu Y, Lao Z, Li J, Zhang Q, Wu D, Dong S, Chu J, Qiu CW. Giant Helical Dichroism of Single Chiral Nanostructures with Photonic Orbital Angular Momentum. ACS Nano 2021; 15:2893-2900. [PMID: 33497201 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical activity, demonstrating the chiral light-matter interaction, has attracted tremendous attention in both fundamental theoretical research and advanced applications of high-efficiency enantioselective sensing and next-generation chiroptical spectroscopic techniques. However, conventional chiroptical responses are normally limited in large assemblies of chiral materials by circularly polarized light, exhibiting extremely weak chiroptical signals in a single chiral nanostructure. Here, we demonstrate that an alternative chiral freedom of light-orbital angular momentum-can be utilized for generating strong helical dichroism in single chiral nanostructures. The helical dichroism by monochromatic vortex beams can unambiguously distinguish the intrinsic chirality of nanostructures, in an excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The single planar-chiral nanostructure can exhibit giant helical dichroism of ∼20% at the visible wavelength. The vortex-dependent helical dichroism, expanding to single nanostructures and two-dimensional space, has implications for high-efficiency chiroptical detection of planar-chiral nanostructures in chiral optics and nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Shunli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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19
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Abstract
After earlier unsuccessful attempts, this work reports the application of covalent templating for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules (MiMs) bearing no supramolecular recognition sites. Two linear strands were covalently connected in a perpendicular fashion by a central ketal linkage. After subsequent attachment of the first strand to a template via temporary benzylic linkages, the second was linked to the template in a backfolding macrocyclization. The resulting pseudo[1]rotaxane structure was successfully converted to a [2]catenane via a second macrocyclization and cleavage of the ketal and temporary linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pilon
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Steen Ingemann Jørgensen
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Maarseveen
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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20
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Namba G, Mimura Y, Imai Y, Inoue R, Morisaki Y. Control of Axial Chirality by Planar Chirality Based on Optically Active [2.2]Paracyclophane. Chemistry 2020; 26:14871-14877. [PMID: 32767588 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optically active X-shaped molecules based on the planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane building block were prepared, in which di(methoxy)terphenyl units were stacked on the central benzene rings. At 25 °C, anisolyl rings freely rotate in solution, while in the crystal form, they are fixed by intramolecular CH-π interactions, thereby leading to the expression of the axial chirality, i.e., propeller chirality was exhibited by the planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane moiety. The X-shaped molecule exhibited good circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) profiles with moderate ΦPL and a large glum value in the order of 10-3 at 25 °C, in solution. In contrast, at -120 °C, dual CPL emission with opposite signs was observed. According to the theoretical studies, the rotary motion of the anisolyl units is suppressed in the excited states, and so emission from two isomers could be observed. These results demonstrate that the axial chirality was controlled by the planar chirality, leading ultimately to propeller chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Namba
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuki Mimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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21
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Sun G, Pu L, Pangannaya S, Xiao T, Hu XY, Jiang J, Wang L. β-D-Galactose-Functionalized Pillar[5]arene With Interesting Planar-Chirality for Constructing Chiral Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2019; 7:743. [PMID: 31803713 PMCID: PMC6869513 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes bearing β-D-galactose substituents on both rims have been successfully synthesized and effectively separated by silica gel chromatography with a high yield. The obtained (S p )- and (R p )-β-D-galactose functionalized pillar[5]arenes [(S p-D )-GP5 and (R p-D )-GP5] exhibit the S p and R p planar chirality. Furthermore, (S p-D )-GP5 and (R p-D )-GP5 can not racemize according to dynamic 1H NMR and CD spectra. Notably, GP5 is able to capture a guest molecule (DNS-CPT) to form a host-guest supramolecular amphiphile, which can further self-assemble into chiral nanoparticles with the S p and R p planar chirality of (S p-D )-GP5 and (R p-D )-GP5 still being retained, suggesting GP5 could be as reliable chiral sources to transfer the S p and R p planar chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangtao Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Srikala Pangannaya
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangxin Xiao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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22
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Knoll DM, Hu Y, Hassan Z, Nieger M, Bräse S. Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Bisoxazoline Ligands and Their Applications in Cu-Mediated N-H Insertion Reaction. Molecules 2019; 24:E4122. [PMID: 31739572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New catalysts for important C–N bond formation are highly sought after. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis and viability of a new class of planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane-based bisoxazoline (BOX) ligands for the copper-catalyzed N–H insertion of α-diazocarbonyls into anilines. The reaction features a wide substrate scope and moderate to excellent yields, and delivers the valuable products at ambient conditions.
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23
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Preuss A, Korb M, Lang H. Crystal structure of (2-acetyl-ferrocen-1-yl)boronic acid. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:268-271. [PMID: 30800465 PMCID: PMC6362635 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
(2-Acetyl-ferrocen-1-yl)boronic acid, [Fe(C5H5)(C7H8BO3)] or 2-C(O)CH3-1-B(OH)2-Fc [Fc = Fe(η5-C5H3)(η5-C5H5)], crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P21/n. The boronic acid functionality inter-acts via intra-molecular hydrogen bonds with the acetyl group and with the -B(OH)2 functionality of an adjacent mol-ecule. The resulting centrosymmetric dimer exhibits an anti-positioning of the ferrocenyl moieties towards the central B2O4 plane. Consequently, an (Rp ,Sp )-, i.e. a meso configuration is present for this dimer. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds consolidate the mol-ecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Preuss
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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24
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Abstract
In the last few decades, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, characterized by attractive features, have increased their presence in transition-metal catalysis. However, chiral NHC ligands still require further design enhancement to realize far more exciting synthetic applications. This review documents advances in chiral NHC ligands, focusing on planar-chiral ferrocene-based NHCs. As the basic shape of most classes of NHC rings is planar, it seems rational to employ a planar-chiral element in the design of chiral NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Risa Yasue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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25
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Smith KW, McCarthy LA, Alabastri A, Bursi L, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Link S. Exploiting Evanescent Field Polarization for Giant Chiroptical Modulation from Achiral Gold Half-Rings. ACS Nano 2018; 12:11657-11663. [PMID: 30403839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For applications seeking to realize on-chip polarization-discriminating nanoantennas, efficient energy conversion from surface waves to far-field radiation is desirable. However, the response of individual nanoantennas to the particular polarization states achievable in surface waves, such as evanescent fields, has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, we report the giant modulation of visible light scattering from achiral gold half-rings when switching between evanescent surface wave excitation produced from the total internal reflection of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light. The effect is driven by a differing relative phase between the in-plane transverse and longitudinal field oscillations of the evanescent wave depending on the incident light handedness. Because longitudinal field oscillations are not found in free-space excitation, this presents a fundamentally different mechanism for chiroptical responses as traditional mechanisms for circular dichroism only account for purely transversal field oscillations. Although the half-ring scattering modulation is dependent on the wave-vector orientation, an orientation invariant response is also realized in planar chiral nanoantennas composed of 8 half-rings in a rotationally symmetric arrangement, with up to 50% scattering modulation observed at 725 nm. Although both structures are found to produce scattering modulation when switching the handedness of free-space light, the distinct polarization properties of evanescent fields are shown to be strictly required to observe giant scattering modulation. These results ultimately deepen our understanding of the range of possible chiroptical effects in light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 378 , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Luca Bursi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 61 , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | | | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 61 , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 378 , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 378 , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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26
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Sadeh S, Cao MPT, Quail JW, Zhu J, Müller J. Enantiopure Phospha[1]ferrocenophanes: Textbook Examples of Through-Space Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling. Chemistry 2018; 24:8298-8301. [PMID: 29660195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three enantiopure phospha[1]ferrocenophanes (2R ) equipped with either a phenyl, an isopropyl, or a tert-butyl group at the bridging phosphorus atom were synthesized by a salt-metathesis approach in isolated yields between 52 and 63 %. The chirality in these strained sandwich compounds stems from the planar-chiral ferrocene moiety, which is symmetrically equipped with two iPr groups adjacent to phosphorus. Surprisingly, all three phospha[1]ferrocenophanes show an uncommon through-space nuclear 1 H-31 P coupling. As a result of the embedded symmetry, these new compounds are ideal examples to differentiate between through-space and through-bond coupling mechanisms in NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Sadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada.,Current address: Crosslight Software Inc., 230-3410 Lougheed Hwy, Vancouver, BC, V5M 2A4, Canada
| | - My P T Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - J Wilson Quail
- Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jens Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
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27
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Shikata Y, Yasue R, Yoshida K. Coordination Behavior of a Planar Chiral Cyclic (Amino)(Ferrocenyl)Carbene Ligand in Iridium Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:16806-16812. [PMID: 28815816 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Iridium complexes bearing a new type of chiral carbene ligand, cyclic (amino)(ferrocenyl)carbene (CAFeC), were prepared. The complexes, which are quite stable in air and moisture, were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The NMR spectra of the dicarbonyl complex [IrCl(CO)2 (CAFeC)] showed signals for two isomers in solution, which were assigned to diastereomeric rotamers arising from the rotation of the chiral CAFeC ligand around the axes of the Ir-Ccarbene bond. IR spectroscopy of the dicarbonyl complex revealed that the donor strength of CAFeC is much higher than those of classic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and comparable to those of cyclic amino alkyl carbenes (CAACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shikata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Risa Yasue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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28
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Shi YC, Yang RF, Gao DW, You SL. Enantioselective synthesis of planar chiral ferrocenes via palladium-catalyzed annulation with diarylethynes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1891-6. [PMID: 24062858 PMCID: PMC3778326 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
When Boc-L-Val-OH was used as a ligand for the enantioselective Pd(II)-catalyzed annulation of N,N-substituted aminomethyl ferrocene derivatives with diarylethynes, ferrocenes with planar chirality could be achieved with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Liu P, Lanza TJ, Chioda M, Jones C, Chobanian HR, Guo Y, Chang L, Kelly TM, Kan Y, Palyha O, Guan XM, Marsh DJ, Metzger JM, Ramsay K, Wang SP, Strack AM, Miller R, Pang J, Lyons K, Dragovic J, Ning JG, Schafer WA, Welch CJ, Gong X, Gao YD, Hornak V, Ball RG, Tsou N, Reitman ML, Wyvratt MJ, Nargund RP, Lin LS. Discovery of benzodiazepine sulfonamide-based bombesin receptor subtype 3 agonists and their unusual chirality. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:933-7. [PMID: 24900283 DOI: 10.1021/ml200207w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the discovery of benzodiazepine sulfonamide-based bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) agonists and their unusual chirality. Starting from a high-throughput screening lead, we prepared a series of BRS-3 agonists with improved potency and pharmacokinetic properties, of which compound 8a caused mechanism-based, dose-dependent food intake reduction and body weight loss after oral dosing in diet-induced obese mice. This effort also led to the discovery of a novel family of chiral molecules originated from the conformationally constrained seven-membered diazepine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Thomas J. Lanza
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marc Chioda
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carrie Jones
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Harry R. Chobanian
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Theresa M. Kelly
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yanqing Kan
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Oksana Palyha
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Guan
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Donald J. Marsh
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Katie Ramsay
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sheng-Ping Wang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alison M. Strack
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Randy Miller
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jianmei Pang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kathy Lyons
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jasminka Dragovic
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jian G. Ning
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wes A. Schafer
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Gong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ying-Duo Gao
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Viktor Hornak
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard G. Ball
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nancy Tsou
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marc L. Reitman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew J. Wyvratt
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Linus S. Lin
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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30
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Blangetti M, Fleming P, O'Shea DF. Use of mixed Li/K metal TMP amide (LiNK chemistry) for the synthesis of [2.2]metacyclophanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1249-54. [PMID: 21977209 PMCID: PMC3182434 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new two-step general approach to [2.2]metacyclophane synthesis from substituted m-xylenes is described. The strategy employs a selective benzylic metalation and oxidative C-C bond formation for both synthetic operations. Regioselective benzylic metalation is achieved using the BuLi, KOt-Bu, TMP(H) (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) combination (LiNK metalation conditions) and oxidative coupling with 1,2-dibromoethane. The synthetic ease of this approach compares favourably with previously reported methods and allows for ready access to potentially useful planar chiral derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Blangetti
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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