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Fu W, Chi H, Dai X, Zhu H, Mesias VSD, Liu W, Huang J. Efficient optical plasmonic tweezer-controlled single-molecule SERS characterization of pH-dependent amylin species in aqueous milieus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6996. [PMID: 37914718 PMCID: PMC10620188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to characterize single or a few biomolecules in physiological milieus without excluding the influences of surrounding environment. Here we utilize optical plasmonic trapping to construct a dynamic nanocavity, which reduces the diffraction-limited detection volume and provides reproducible electromagnetic field enhancements to achieve high-throughput single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) characterizations in aqueous environments. Specifically, we study human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (amylin, hIAPP) under different physiological pH conditions by combining spectroscopic experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on a statistically significant amount of time-dependent SERS spectra, two types of low-populated transient species of hIAPP containing either turn or β-sheet structure among its predominant helix-coil monomers are characterized during the early-stage incubation at neutral condition, which play a crucial role in driving irreversible amyloid fibril developments even after a subsequent adjustment of pH to continue the prolonged incubation at acidic condition. Our results might provide profound mechanistic insight into the pH-regulated amyloidogenesis and introduce an alternative approach for investigating complex biological processes at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanyu Chi
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongni Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vince St Dollente Mesias
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Proniewicz E, Małuch I, Kudelski A, Prahl A. Adsorption of (Phe-h 5)/(Phe-d 5)-substituted peptides from neurotensin family on the nanostructured surfaces of Ag and Cu: SERS studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118748. [PMID: 32721658 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an application of Raman (RS) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to characterize the selective adsorption of two peptides belonging to the neurotensin family peptides, such as kinetensin (KN) and xenopsin-related peptide 2 (XP-2) that are known to stimulate the growth of human tumors. To perform a reliable analysis of SERS spectra, the L-Phe residue (at position 8 or 1 in the amino acid sequence of these peptides) was replaced with L-Phe-d5 (five protons of L-phenylalanine ring substituted by deuterium). Native and (Phe-d5)-isotopically labeled peptides were deposited on electrochemically nanostructured surfaces of Ag (AgORC) and Cu (CuORC) from an aqueous solution (H2O). To determine the share of amide bonds in the interaction with the metallic substrate, SERS spectra of peptides adsorbed on AgORC from heavy water (D2O) were measured. Also, to determine the effect of the C-end on the SERS spectrum, measurements were made for the KN analog in which the C-terminal L-leucine was removed ([desLeu9]KN). Based on the analyses of the spectral profiles, in the spectral range of 600-1650 cm-1, specific conclusions have been drawn regarding specific aromatic ring···metal interactions and changes in the interaction during substrate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Proniewicz
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - I Małuch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Kudelski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteur 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Prahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Szczerbiński J, Metternich JB, Goubert G, Zenobi R. How Peptides Dissociate in Plasmonic Hot Spots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905197. [PMID: 31894644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-induced hot carriers enable dissociation of strong chemical bonds by visible light. This unusual chemistry has been demonstrated for several diatomic and small organic molecules. Here, the scope of plasmon-driven photochemistry is extended to biomolecules and the reactivity of proteins and peptides in plasmonic hot spots is described. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is used to both drive the reactions and to monitor their products. Peptide backbone bonds are found to dissociate in the hot spot, which is reflected in the disappearance of the amide I band in the TER spectra. The observed fragmentation pathway involves nonthermal activation, presumably by dissociative capture of a plasmon-induced hot electron. This fragmentation pathway is known from electron transfer dissociation (ETD) of peptides in gas-phase mass spectrometry (MS), which suggests a general similarity between plasmon-induced photochemistry and nonergodic reactions triggered by electron capture. This analogy may serve as a design principle for plasmon-induced reactions of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczerbiński
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas B Metternich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Goubert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Heck C, Kanehira Y, Kneipp J, Bald I. Amorphous Carbon Generation as a Photocatalytic Reaction on DNA-Assembled Gold and Silver Nanostructures. Molecules 2019; 24:E2324. [PMID: 31238571 PMCID: PMC6630242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background signals from in situ-formed amorphous carbon, despite not being fully understood, are known to be a common issue in few-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Here, discrete gold and silver nanoparticle aggregates assembled by DNA origami were used to study the conditions for the formation of amorphous carbon during SERS measurements. Gold and silver dimers were exposed to laser light of varied power densities and wavelengths. Amorphous carbon prevalently formed on silver aggregates and at high power densities. Time-resolved measurements enabled us to follow the formation of amorphous carbon. Silver nanolenses consisting of three differently-sized silver nanoparticles were used to follow the generation of amorphous carbon at the single-nanostructure level. This allowed observation of the many sharp peaks that constitute the broad amorphous carbon signal found in ensemble measurements. In conclusion, we highlight strategies to prevent amorphous carbon formation, especially for DNA-assembled SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heck
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry & SALSA, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yuya Kanehira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Janina Kneipp
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry & SALSA, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Leray A, Clément JE, Bouhélier A, Finot E. Conformational Changes and Charge Transfer in Biomolecules Resolved Using Dynamic Enhanced Raman Correlation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1931-1938. [PMID: 30715883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report that conformational changes of molecules that are often buried in a wide-distributed Gaussian distribution can be discerned by analyzing the dynamics of specific Raman lines. We investigate the pertinence of the auto- and cross-correlation functions applied to the dynamics of three Raman lines of an amino acid, the tryptophan. The cross-correlation between intensity and the Raman band is an indicator of the charge transfer during the diffusion limited reaction of tryptophan and the gold surface. The Péclet number Pe can provide a valuable indicator of the convective and/or diffusive features of each Raman band. Adsorption induced conformation changes can be identified using the autocorrelation of the multiples states within the Raman band centered at 1550 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Leray
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS , Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté , F-21078 Dijon , France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Clément
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS , Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté , F-21078 Dijon , France
| | - Alexandre Bouhélier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS , Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté , F-21078 Dijon , France
| | - Eric Finot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS , Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté , F-21078 Dijon , France
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6
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Domin H, Piergies N, Święch D, Pięta E, Proniewicz E. SERS characterization of neuropeptide Y and its C-terminal fragments deposited onto colloidal gold nanoparticle surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:80-88. [PMID: 27736725 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Domin H, Święch D, Piergies N, Pięta E, Kim Y, Proniewicz E. Characterization of the surface geometry of acetyl-[Leu 28,31 ]-NPY(24-36), a selective Y 2 receptor agonist, onto the Ag and Au surfaces. VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 85:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
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8
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Lane LA, Qian X, Nie S. SERS Nanoparticles in Medicine: From Label-Free Detection to Spectroscopic Tagging. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10489-529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Lane
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Health Sciences Research Building,
Room E116, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ximei Qian
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Health Sciences Research Building,
Room E116, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shuming Nie
- Departments
of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Health Sciences Research Building,
Room E116, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- College
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou
Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, China
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9
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Sheng P, Wu S, Bao L, Wang X, Chen Z, Cai Q. Surface enhanced Raman scattering detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with gold nanoparticle-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Mirza AZ, Shamshad H. Preparation and characterization of doxorubicin functionalized gold nanoparticles. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1857-60. [PMID: 21411194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have presented the demonstration of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functionalized with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was assembled on gold via amino group. The reaction proceeded under mild acidic conditions. Au NPs could not be adsorbed on doxorubicin in alkaline solution because amino group was not protonated. However, under acidic conditions, protonation created a positively charged amino group thus adsorption was easier. The interaction between Au colloids and doxorubicin is believed to be electrostatic. High-resolution TEM was used for visualization of nanoparticles, which were found to retain their average size and shape. The method, demonstrated that doxorubicin could be attached to Au NPs in a controlled manner. Our research laid the foundation of a linking methodology through which hybrid multi drug and receptor labeled NPs could be created, which might serve as an alternative design for nanosized drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agha Zeeshan Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, Lab 9, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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11
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Larmour IA, Graham D. Surface enhanced optical spectroscopies for bioanalysis. Analyst 2011; 136:3831-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Singhal K, Kalkan AK. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Captures Conformational Changes of Single Photoactive Yellow Protein Molecules under Photoexcitation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 132:429-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9028704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Singhal
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078
| | - A. Kaan Kalkan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74078
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13
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Tip-Enhanced Raman Imaging and Nanospectroscopy: Sensitivity, Symmetry, and Selection Rules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12030-008-9015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Guerrini L, Garcia-Ramos JV, Domingo C, Sanchez-Cortes S. Nanosensors Based on Viologen Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles: Few Molecules Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Interparticle Hot Spots. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1418-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8021746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guerrini
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano, 121, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Concepción Domingo
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano, 121, 28006-Madrid, Spain
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15
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Qian XM, Nie SM. Single-molecule and single-nanoparticle SERS: from fundamental mechanisms to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:912-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b708839f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 931] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Emory SR, Jensen RA, Wenda T, Han M, Nie S. Re-examining the origins of spectral blinking in single-molecule and single-nanoparticle SERS. Faraday Discuss 2007; 132:249-59; discussion 309-19. [PMID: 16833120 DOI: 10.1039/b509223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Single metal nanoparticles and nanoaggregates are known to emit intense bursts of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in an intermittent on and off fashion. The characteristic "blinking" timescales range from milliseconds to seconds. Here we report detailed temperature dependence (both heating and cooling) and light-intensity studies to further examine the origins of this intriguing phenomenon. The results indicate that blinking SERS contains both a thermo-activated component and a light-induced component. Several lines of evidence suggest that the observed fluctuations are caused by thermally activated diffusion of individual molecules on the particle surface, coupled with photo-induced electron transfer and structural relaxation of surface active sites or atomic-scale roughness features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Emory
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham WA 98225, USA.
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17
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Park HK, Lee HB, Kim K. A facile deposition of silver onto the inner surface of a glass capillary tube for micro-surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 61:19-24. [PMID: 17311712 DOI: 10.1366/000370207779701325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver can be deposited very efficiently onto glass substrates using only ethanolic solutions of AgNO3 and butylamine. This paper reports that the inner surface of a glass capillary can also be coated evenly with silver by shaking it after soaking in ethanolic solutions of AgNO3 and butylamine; the silver deposited outside the capillary can be easily wiped off with cotton wool before drying. The grain size of the silver deposited onto the inner surface can be readily controlled within the range from 20 to 100 nm by varying the relative molar ratio of butylamine and AgNO3 used as reactants. Due to its nanoaggregated structure, the Ag coated capillary is a very efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate, particularly usable in the microanalysis of chemicals; the detection limit of adenine is as low as 1.0x10(-7) M based on a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3. Since the proposed method is cost-effective and is suitable for the mass production of Ag coated capillaries, we fully expect it to play a significant role in the development of SERS based microchip analyzers and even in the fabrication of Ag coated hollow glass waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kun Park
- Laboratory of Intelligent Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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18
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Svedberg F, Alaverdyan Y, Johansson P, Käll M. Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Terthiophenes for Molecular Electronics. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:25671-7. [PMID: 17181205 DOI: 10.1021/jp062577u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of thiol and selenol functionalization on the vibrational spectra and photochemical stability of terthiophene based molecular wires was investigated using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The molecules were found to exhibit markedly different properties at the silver surface of the SERS substrate, despite having almost identical Raman spectra in solution and in the solid state. In contrast to terthiophene (3T), the bisthiolterthiophene (T3) and biselenol-terthiophene (Se3) molecules were stable against photoinduced structural changes when adsorbed to the metal surface at low concentrations. This indicates that the strong bonds to the silver surface, via S or Se terminal atoms, leads to a rapid decay of photoexcited states. Comparison with ab initio calculations shows that both T3 and Se3 bind with only one of the functional groups to the Ag surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Svedberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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19
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Jacobson ML, Rowlen KL. The Role of O2 in SERS-Active Thin Metal Film Photodynamics. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:19491-6. [PMID: 17004810 DOI: 10.1021/jp062738u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optical emission from thin Ag films excited by visible light under a non-oxygen atmosphere was analyzed as a function of time and excitation power. The emission behavior under anaerobic conditions was strikingly different from that obtained under an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Specifically, emission intensity increased as a function of time with no photoinduced signal decay. A simple mechanistic model was developed and demonstrated to accurately predict the photodynamic trends observed under both conditions. The model involves oxygen-mediated cyclic production and destruction of photoactive silver clusters on the thin film. The evidence presented here strongly supports the hypothesis that oxygen plays a key role in the "blinking" phenomenon observed on SERS-active Ag films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
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20
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Panigrahi S, Praharaj S, Basu S, Ghosh SK, Jana S, Pande S, Vo-Dinh T, Jiang H, Pal T. Self-Assembly of Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Optical Properties, and Application in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:13436-44. [PMID: 16821868 DOI: 10.1021/jp062119l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle aggregates were synthesized in large scale using resorcinol under alkaline condition to obtain an assembly of silver clusters. Stable dispersion of the cluster in aqueous medium has been examined out of resorcinol-capped silver nanoparticle assemblies. The UV-vis spectroscopy during the particle evolution has been studied in detail. From the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image and XRD pattern it was confirmed that the particles are made of pure silver only. The capping action of resorcinol has been authenticated from the FTIR spectra. UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM images reveal that the temperature, effect of vibrational energy, heat shock, and time-dependent particle evolution have unique bearing on the stability and surface properties of the clusters. The concentrations of silver nitrate, resorcinol, and NaOH have important influence on the particle evolution and its size. TEM images incite us to examine the aggregates to capitulate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to the single molecular level using crystal violet (CV) and cresyl fast violet (CFV) as molecular probes. The SERS intensity of CV increases with increasing the size of the silver aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302, India
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21
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Kudelski A. Role of O2 in Inducing Intensive Fluctuations of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectra. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:12610-5. [PMID: 16800591 DOI: 10.1021/jp061295r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Confocal Raman microscopic measurements were performed on silver electrodes covered with hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H). When short accumulation time was used, the subsequently measured surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra exhibited fluctuations. As previously reported for other systems, the intensity of fluctuations of SERS spectra significantly decreases if O2 was removed from the ambient medium. In this contribution we show that intensive SERS fluctuations can be also observed for a-C:H/Ag samples immersed in the deoxygenated electrolyte after applying a negative potential pulse to the silver electrode. It means that the O2-mediated Burstein mechanism of SERS fluctuations, which has been previously proposed to explain the SERS O2 effect, is not adequate for these results. We suggest that oxygen chemisorbed on the silver surface decreases the average strength of the interaction between a-C:H clusters and the metal surface (and hence the speed of movement of a-C:H clusters across the metal surface) and that the SERS O2 effect should be rather explained using the "classical" model of SERS fluctuations, in which fluctuations are interpreted as a result of the thermally activated diffusion of carbon segments in and out of the SERS "hot spots". A numerical algorithm for modeling of the fluctuations of SERS intensity has been proposed, and some example simulations of SERS fluctuations have been carried out. For the first time, strongly fluctuating bands due to the stretching vibrations of significantly weakened C-H bonds have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kudelski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteur 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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22
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Bhattacharya S, Das AK, Banerjee A, Chakravorty D. Dendron-like Growth of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Water-Soluble Oligopeptide. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:10757-61. [PMID: 16771323 DOI: 10.1021/jp0604847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A dendron-like nanostructure of silver was grown in solution using a water-soluble tetrapeptide Tyr-Aib-Tyr-Val (Aib, alpha-amino isobutyric acid), silver nitrate, and methanol. These structures are composed of silver nanoparticles having a bimodal size distribution with the median diameters around 2.0 and 19.5 nm, respectively. The dendron-like growth is ascribed to the effect of the local electric field generated by the dipoles associated with the peptide molecules. The optical absorption spectra have been analyzed by Mie scattering theory, which shows that there is a metal-nonmetal transition in silver particles having diameters less than approximately 2.0 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Bhattacharya
- Unit on Nano Science and Technology, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Singha A, Dasgupta S, Roy A. Comparison of metal–amino acid interaction in Phe–Ag and Tyr–Ag complexes by spectroscopic measurements. Biophys Chem 2006; 120:215-24. [PMID: 16378676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we have compared the metal-amino acid interactions in Tyr-Ag and Phe-Ag complexes through pH dependent SERS measurements. By analyzing the variation in relative intensities of SERS bands with the pH of the amino acid solution, we have obtained the orientation and conformation of the amino acid molecules on the Ag surface. The results obtained from our experimental studies are supported by the energy minimized structures and the observed charge distributions in different terminals of the molecules. This, in a way, shows that SERS measurements not only exhibit the interaction of the amino acid molecules with Ag clusters but also demonstrate their orientation around it. We have addressed a long standing query on whether the amine group is directly attached to the Ag surface along with the carboxylate group and pi-electrons in these systems. In addition, pH dependent optical absorption and transmission electron microscopy measurements have been performed to understand the required conditions for the appearance of the SERS spectra in the light of the aggregation of metal particles and the number of hot sites in the sol. Our results confirm that the formation of hot sites in the sol plays a direct role in forming a stable Ag-ligand complex. Furthermore, the interaction kinetics of metal-amino acid complexes have been analyzed via both Raman and absorption measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Singha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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24
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Gibson JW, Johnson BR. Density-matrix calculation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for p-mercaptoaniline on silver nanoshells. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:64701. [PMID: 16483223 DOI: 10.1063/1.2147119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical analysis of recent experiments measuring the 782 nm surface-enhanced Raman scattering of p-mercaptoaniline bound to silver nanoshells of different core and shell radii [J. B. Jackson and N. J. Halas, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 17930 (2004)] is performed. Electronic structure Hartree-Fock and density-functional theory calculations for Ag salts of p-mercaptoaniline are used to characterize observed vibrational modes and configuration-interaction singles calculations are carried out to examine excited states. Multimode vibronic density-matrix calculations are then made including one excited electronic state, using a classical description of the strong local fields and a phenomenological treatment of relaxations. The spectral behavior as a function of both nanoshell surface-plasmon resonance position and molecular electronic spacing is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice Quantum Institute and Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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25
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Svedberg F, Käll M. On the importance of optical forces in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Faraday Discuss 2006; 132:35-44; discussion 85-94. [PMID: 16833106 DOI: 10.1039/b509301p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This contribution reports on the combination of optical tweezers with SERS spectroscopy of colloidal silver nanoparticles covered by thiophenol. The experimental design is based on two different laser beams, one used for Raman excitation (lamda = 514.5 nm) and one for optical tweezing (lamda=830 nm). For a fixed Raman excitation power, the SERS signal from thiophenol is found to increase dramatically when the trapping laser is activated. This result is interpreted as a combination of two effects, an accumulation of nanoparticles in the optical trap and an optically induced aggregation of these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Svedberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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26
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Kudelski A. Raman studies of rhodamine 6G and crystal violet sub-monolayers on electrochemically roughened silver substrates: Do dye molecules adsorb preferentially on highly SERS-active sites? Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Cañamares MV, Garcia-Ramos JV, Gómez-Varga JD, Domingo C, Sanchez-Cortes S. Comparative study of the morphology, aggregation, adherence to glass, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity of silver nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction of Ag+ using citrate and hydroxylamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:8546-53. [PMID: 16114970 DOI: 10.1021/la050030l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two different silver colloids were prepared by chemical reduction of silver nitrate with trisodium citrate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride to compare their characteristics in relation to their possible use in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The morphology and plasmon resonance of the single nanoparticles and aggregates integrating these colloids were characterized by means of UV-vis absortion spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, revealing important differences between each type of nanoparticle as concerns their physical properties. These metallic systems also manifested differences in the aggregation and the adherence to glass surfaces, revealing significant differences in the chemical surface properties of these nanoparticles. SERS and surface-enhanced IR also indicated the presence of interference bands which can overlap the spectra of the analyte, mainly in the case of the citrate colloid. All these differences have an important influence on the applicability of these nanostructured systems in SERS. In fact, the enhancement factor and spectral pattern of the SERS obtained by using alizarin as a molecule probe are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Cañamares
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, and Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
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28
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Baker GA, Moore DS. Progress in plasmonic engineering of surface-enhanced Raman-scattering substrates toward ultra-trace analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1751-70. [PMID: 16049671 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review describes advances made toward the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in sensitive analysis and diagnostics. In the early sections of this review we briefly introduce the fundamentals of SERS including a discussion of SERS at the single-molecule level. Applications relevant to trace analysis, environmental monitoring, and homeland security and defense, for example high explosives and contaminant detection, are emphasized. Because the key to wider application of SERS analysis lies in the development of highly enhancing substrates, in the second half of the review we focus our attention on the extensive progress made in designing innovative soluble, supported, and ordered SERS-active nano-architectures to harness the potential of this technique toward solving current and emerging analytical tasks. No attempt or claim is made to review the field exhaustively in its entirety nor to cover all applications, but only to describe several significant milestones and progress made in these important areas and to provide some perspective on where the field is quickly moving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Baker
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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29
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Brehm G, Sauer G, Fritz N, Schneider S, Zaitsev S. Correlation spectroscopy based on non-linear response of silver colloids (including SEHRS). J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Vosgröne T, Meixner AJ. Surface- and Resonance-Enhanced Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Xanthene Dyes: From the Ensemble to Single Molecules. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:154-63. [PMID: 15688659 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra of various rhodamine dyes, of pyronine G and thiopyronine adsorbed on isolated silver clusters were recorded at the ensemble level and at the single-molecule level with a high-resolution confocal laser microscope equipped with a spectrograph and a CCD-detector. Comparing single-molecule spectra with ensemble spectra, various inhomogeneous spectral features, such as line splitting, spectral wandering, spectral diffusion and abrupt spectral jumps between different metastable spectral states, are revealed positions and the relative intensities of the vibronic bands. Resonance enhancement is investigated with respect to single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and is found to be responsible for approximately three orders of magnitude in sensitivity. A significant influence of the substituents on the single-molecule SERRS sensitivity is found, showing that various chemical effects are responsible for surface enhancement in addition to the electromagnetic enhancement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vosgröne
- Labor für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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31
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Delfino I, Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Single-molecule detection of yeast cytochrome c by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Biophys Chem 2005; 113:41-51. [PMID: 15617809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Revised: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The giant enhancement of Raman signal near silver colloidal nanoparticles is exploited to study the Raman spectrum of Cytochrome c from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast Cytochrome c--YCc) in the limit of single-molecule. The investigation is performed on proteins both in solution and immobilised onto a glass slide using a quasi resonant laser line as exciting source with low excitation intensity. In both cases, spectra acquired at different times exhibit dramatic temporal fluctuations in both the total spectrum and in the specific line intensity, even though averaging of several individual spectra reproduces the main Raman features of bulk YCc. Analysis of the spectral intensity fluctuations from solutions reveals a multimodal distribution of some specific Raman lines, consistent with the approaching of single molecule regime. Among other results, the statistical analysis of the spectra from immobilised samples seems to indicate dynamical processes involving the reorientational of the heme with respect to the metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Delfino
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, INFM, Dipartimento Scienze Ambientali-Università della Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italia
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32
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33
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Koo TW, Chan S, Sun L, Su X, Zhang J, Berlin AA. Specific chemical effects on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for ultra-sensitive detection of biological molecules. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2004; 58:1401-1407. [PMID: 15606951 DOI: 10.1366/0003702042641227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high signal amplification in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is important for reaching single molecule level sensitivity and has been the focus of intense research efforts. We introduce a novel chemical enhancer, lithium chloride, that provides an additional order of magnitude increase in SERS relative to previously reported enhancement results. We have duplicated single molecule detection of the DNA base adenine that has previously been reported, thereby providing independent validation of this important result. Building upon this work, we show that the chemical enhancer LiCl produces strong SERS signal under a wide range of experimental conditions, including multiple laser excitation wavelengths and target molecule concentrations, for nucleotides, nucleosides, bases, and dye molecules. This is significant because while selection of anions used in chemical enhancement is well known to affect the degree of amplification attained, cation selection has previously been reported to have no major effect on the magnitude of SERS enhancement. Our findings indicate that cation selection is quite important in ultra-sensitive SERS detection, opening the door to further discussion and theory development involving the role of cations in SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woong Koo
- Intel Research, Intel Corporation, 2200 Mission College Blvd, SC2-24, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
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34
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Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Evidence of electron-transfer in the SERS spectra of a single iron-protoporphyrin IX molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Bjerneld EJ, Svedberg F, Johansson P, Käll M. Direct Observation of Heterogeneous Photochemistry on Aggregated Ag Nanocrystals Using Raman Spectroscopy: The Case of Photoinduced Degradation of Aromatic Amino Acids. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037004l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Bjerneld
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Svedberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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36
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Débarre A, Jaffiol R, Julien C, Tchénio P, Mostafavi M. Raman scattering from single Ag aggregates in presence of EDTA. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Michele L. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
| | - Kathy L. Rowlen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215
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38
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39
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Lukatsky DB, Haran G, Safran SA. Slow fluctuations in enhanced Raman scattering and surface roughness relaxation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:062402. [PMID: 16241279 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.062402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2003] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose an explanation for the recently measured slow fluctuations and "blinking" in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectrum of single molecules adsorbed on a silver colloidal particle. We suggest that these fluctuations may be related to the dynamic relaxation of the surface roughness on the nanometer scale and show that there are two classes of roughness with qualitatively different dynamics. The predictions agree with the measurements of surface roughness relaxation. Using a theoretical model for the kinetics of surface roughness relaxation in the presence of charges and optical electrical fields, we predict that the high-frequency electromagnetic field increases both the effective surface tension and the surface diffusion constant and thus accelerates the surface smoothing kinetics and time scale of the Raman fluctuations in a manner that is linear with the laser power intensity, while the addition of salt retards the surface relaxation kinetics and increases the time scale of the fluctuations. These predictions are in qualitative agreement with the Raman experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Lukatsky
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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40
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Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Temporal fluctuations in the SERRS spectra of single iron–protoporphyrin IX molecule. Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(03)00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Doering WE, Nie S. Single-Molecule and Single-Nanoparticle SERS: Examining the Roles of Surface Active Sites and Chemical Enhancement. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011730b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Weiss A, Haran G. Time-Dependent Single-Molecule Raman Scattering as a Probe of Surface Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0126863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Weiss
- Chemical Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gilad Haran
- Chemical Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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43
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Eliasson C, Lorén A, Murty KV, Josefson M, Käll M, Abrahamsson J, Abrahamsson K. Multivariate evaluation of doxorubicin surface-enhanced Raman spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 57:1907-15. [PMID: 11506043 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate evaluation of surface-enhanced Raman spectra of doxorubicin in plasma was performed. In a principal component analysis (PCA) all spectral features were modelled into three principal components. The major variation of the data was shown to be the variation of doxorubicin Raman signal together with the doxorubicin fluorescence, whereas the variation due to plasma was of minor importance. It was also shown that the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements were independent on such factors as measurement occasion and silver colloids. The presented results show that with some improvements, quantification of doxorubicin directly in plasma could be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eliasson
- Department of Analytical and Marine Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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