1
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Cui X, Mylnikov V, Johansson P, Käll M. Synchronization of optically self-assembled nanorotors. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadn3485. [PMID: 38457509 PMCID: PMC10923511 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanoparticles by means of interparticle optical forces provides a compelling approach toward contact-free organization and manipulation of nanoscale entities. However, exploration of the rotational degrees of freedom in this process has remained limited, primarily because of the predominant focus on spherical nanoparticles, for which individual particle orientation cannot be determined. Here, we show that gold nanorods, which self-assemble in water under the influence of circularly polarized light, exhibit synchronized rotational motion at kilohertz frequencies. The synchronization is caused by strong optical interactions and occurs despite the presence of thermal diffusion. Our findings elucidate the intricate dynamics arising from the transfer of photon spin angular momentum to optically bound matter and hold promise for advancing the emerging field of light-driven nanomachinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Cui
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Vasilii Mylnikov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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2
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Juodėnas M, Strandberg E, Grabowski A, Gustavsson J, Šípová-Jungová H, Larsson A, Käll M. High-angle deflection of metagrating-integrated laser emission for high-contrast microscopy. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:251. [PMID: 37833318 PMCID: PMC10576095 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Flat metaoptics components are looking to replace classical optics elements and could lead to extremely compact biophotonics devices if integrated with on-chip light sources and detectors. However, using metasurfaces to shape light into wide angular range wavefronts with high efficiency, as is typically required in high-contrast microscopy applications, remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate curved GaAs metagratings integrated on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) that enable on-chip illumination in total internal reflection and dark field microscopy. Based on an unconventional design that circumvents the aspect ratio dependent etching problems in monolithic integration, we demonstrate off-axis emission centred at 60° in air and 63° in glass with > 90% and > 70% relative deflection efficiency, respectively. The resulting laser beam is collimated out-of-plane but maintains Gaussian divergence in-plane, resulting in a long and narrow illumination area. We show that metagrating-integrated VCSELs of different kinds can be combined to enable rapid switching between dark-field and total internal reflection illumination. Our approach provides a versatile illumination solution for high-contrast imaging that is compatible with conventional microscopy setups and can be integrated with biophotonics devices, such as portable microscopy, NIR-II range bioimaging, and lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Juodėnas
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Erik Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Grabowski
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustavsson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Mahdi Shanei M, Engay E, Käll M. Light-driven transport of microparticles with phase-gradient metasurfaces. Opt Lett 2022; 47:6428-6431. [PMID: 36538466 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have opened numerous possibilities for precise control of microscopic particles for applications in life science and soft matter research and technology. However, traditional optical tweezers employ bulky conventional optics that prevents construction of compact optical manipulation systems. As an alternative, we present an ultrathin silicon-based metasurface that enables simultaneous confinement and propulsion of microparticles based on a combination of intensity and phase-gradient optical forces. The metasurface is constructed as a water-immersion line-focusing element that enables trapping and transport of 2μm particles over a wide area within a thin liquid cell. We envisage that the type of multifunctional metasurfaces reported herein will play a central role in miniaturized optical sensing, driving, and sorting of microscopic objects, such as cells or other biological entities.
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4
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Andrén D, Baranov DG, Jones S, Volpe G, Verre R, Käll M. Microscopic metavehicles powered and steered by embedded optical metasurfaces. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:970-974. [PMID: 34294910 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured dielectric metasurfaces offer unprecedented opportunities to manipulate light by imprinting an arbitrary phase gradient on an impinging wavefront1. This has resulted in the realization of a range of flat analogues to classical optical components, such as lenses, waveplates and axicons2-6. However, the change in linear and angular optical momentum7 associated with phase manipulation also results in previously unexploited forces and torques that act on the metasurface itself. Here we show that these optomechanical effects can be utilized to construct optical metavehicles-microscopic particles that can travel long distances under low-intensity plane-wave illumination while being steered by the polarization of the incident light. We demonstrate movement in complex patterns, self-correcting motion and an application as transport vehicles for microscopic cargoes, which include unicellular organisms. The abundance of possible optical metasurfaces attests to the prospect of developing a wide variety of metavehicles with specialized functional behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Physics Department, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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5
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Schmidt F, Šípová-Jungová H, Käll M, Würger A, Volpe G. Non-equilibrium properties of an active nanoparticle in a harmonic potential. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1902. [PMID: 33772007 PMCID: PMC7998004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Active particles break out of thermodynamic equilibrium thanks to their directed motion, which leads to complex and interesting behaviors in the presence of confining potentials. When dealing with active nanoparticles, however, the overwhelming presence of rotational diffusion hinders directed motion, leading to an increase of their effective temperature, but otherwise masking the effects of self-propulsion. Here, we demonstrate an experimental system where an active nanoparticle immersed in a critical solution and held in an optical harmonic potential features far-from-equilibrium behavior beyond an increase of its effective temperature. When increasing the laser power, we observe a cross-over from a Boltzmann distribution to a non-equilibrium state, where the particle performs fast orbital rotations about the beam axis. These findings are rationalized by solving the Fokker-Planck equation for the particle's position and orientation in terms of a moment expansion. The proposed self-propulsion mechanism results from the particle's non-sphericity and the lower critical point of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alois Würger
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux & CNRS, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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6
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Abstract
![]()
Detection
of small amounts of biological compounds is of ever-increasing
importance but also remains an experimental challenge. In this context,
plasmonic nanoparticles have emerged as strong contenders enabling
label-free optical sensing with single-molecule resolution. However,
the performance of a plasmonic single-molecule biosensor is not only
dependent on its ability to detect a molecule but equally importantly
on its efficiency to transport it to the binding site. Here, we present
a theoretical study of the impact of downscaling fluidic structures
decorated with plasmonic nanoparticles from conventional microfluidics
to nanofluidics. We find that for ultrasmall picolitre sample volumes,
nanofluidics enables unprecedented binding characteristics inaccessible
with conventional microfluidic devices, and that both detection times
and number of detected binding events can be improved by several orders
of magnitude. Therefore, we propose nanoplasmonic–nanofluidic
biosensing platforms as an efficient tool that paves the way for label-free
single-molecule detection from ultrasmall volumes, such as single
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Špačková
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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7
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Jones S, Andrén D, Antosiewicz TJ, Stilgoe A, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Käll M. Strong Transient Flows Generated by Thermoplasmonic Bubble Nucleation. ACS Nano 2020; 14:17468-17475. [PMID: 33290656 PMCID: PMC7760215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of inducing and controlling localized fluid flows for generic force actuation and for achieving efficient mass transport in microfluidics is key to the development of next-generation miniaturized systems for chemistry and life sciences. Here we demonstrate a methodology for the robust generation and precise quantification of extremely strong flow transients driven by vapor bubble nucleation on spatially isolated plasmonic nanoantennas excited by light. The system is capable of producing peak flow speeds of the order mm/s at modulation rates up to ∼100 Hz in water, thus allowing for a variety of high-throughput applications. Analysis of flow dynamics and fluid viscosity dependence indicates that the transient originates in the rapid bubble expansion that follows nucleation rather than being strictly thermocapillary in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jones
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Stilgoe
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Queensland, Saint
Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Queensland, Saint
Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Molin M, Logg K, Bodvard K, Peeters K, Forsmark A, Roger F, Jörhov A, Mishra N, Billod JM, Amir S, Andersson M, Eriksson LA, Warringer J, Käll M, Blomberg A. Protein kinase A controls yeast growth in visible light. BMC Biol 2020; 18:168. [PMID: 33198745 PMCID: PMC7667738 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A wide variety of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic species sense and respond to light, having developed protective mechanisms to adapt to damaging effects on DNA and proteins. While the biology of UV light-induced damage has been well studied, cellular responses to stress from visible light (400–700 nm) remain poorly understood despite being a regular part of the life cycle of many organisms. Here, we developed a high-throughput method for measuring growth under visible light stress and used it to screen for light sensitivity in the yeast gene deletion collection. Results We found genes involved in HOG pathway signaling, RNA polymerase II transcription, translation, diphthamide modifications of the translational elongation factor eEF2, and the oxidative stress response to be required for light resistance. Reduced nuclear localization of the transcription factor Msn2 and lower glycogen accumulation indicated higher protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA) activity in many light-sensitive gene deletion strains. We therefore used an ectopic fluorescent PKA reporter and mutants with constitutively altered PKA activity to show that repression of PKA is essential for resistance to visible light. Conclusion We conclude that yeast photobiology is multifaceted and that protein kinase A plays a key role in the ability of cells to grow upon visible light exposure. We propose that visible light impacts on the biology and evolution of many non-photosynthetic organisms and have practical implications for how organisms are studied in the laboratory, with or without illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Molin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Katarina Logg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Bodvard
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ken Peeters
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annabelle Forsmark
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Friederike Roger
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Jörhov
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Horizon Discovery, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Billod
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Bio-Me A/S, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalléen, 210349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabiha Amir
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Warringer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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9
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Karpinski P, Jones S, Šípová-Jungová H, Verre R, Käll M. Optical Rotation and Thermometry of Laser Tweezed Silicon Nanorods. Nano Lett 2020; 20:6494-6501. [PMID: 32787173 PMCID: PMC7496737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical rotation of laser tweezed nanoparticles offers a convenient means for optical to mechanical force transduction and sensing at the nanoscale. Plasmonic nanoparticles are the benchmark system for such studies, but their rapid rotation comes at the price of high photoinduced heating due to Ohmic losses. We show that Mie resonant silicon nanorods with characteristic dimensions of ∼220 × 120 nm2 can be optically trapped and rotated at frequencies up to 2 kHz in water using circularly polarized laser light. The temperature excess due to heating from the trapping laser was estimated by phonon Raman scattering and particle rotation analysis. We find that the silicon nanorods exhibit slightly improved thermal characteristics compared to Au nanorods with similar rotation performance and optical resonance anisotropy. Altogether, the results indicate that silicon nanoparticles have the potential to become the system of choice for a wide range of optomechanical applications at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Karpinski
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemistry
Department, Wroclaw University of Science
and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Steven Jones
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Juhlin L, Mikaelsson T, Hakonen A, Schmidt MS, Rindzevicius T, Boisen A, Käll M, Andersson PO. Selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of Tabun, VX and Cyclosarin nerve agents using 4-pyridine amide oxime functionalized gold nanopillars. Talanta 2020; 211:120721. [PMID: 32070593 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have earlier demonstrated sensitive detection of low the volatile nerve agents Tabun, Cyclosarin and VX by using handheld Raman instrumentation in conjunction with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) attained with gold and silver coated Si nanopillar substrates. In the present proof-of-concept study, the gold substrates chemically are functionalized to realize selectivity towards organophosphorus compounds (OPs) with high sensitivity. A potential capturer and reporter molecule, chemical nerve agent antidote, 4-pyridine amide oxime, is evaluated due to its high Raman cross section, high chemical affinity towards gold, and binding specificity to the target substances Tabun, VX and Cyclosarin via the oxime group. Upon selective and covalent binding, the SERS probe undergoes structural changes which are reflected in the spectral SERS responses, making it suitable for indirect monitoring of nerve agents in aqueous solution. With the probe attached to the hotspots of Au-coated Si nanopillars, the SERS signals distinctly discriminate between specific and non-specific analyte binding of Tabun, Cyclosarin and VX down to sub ppm levels. SERS spectrum of 4-PAO is measured after microliter drop coating of aqueous sample solution onto the functionalized substrates and subsequent water evaporation from surfaces. This binding assay is complemented by letting functionalized substrates being immersed into sample solutions 1 h before measuring. Binding specific SERS response decreases in following order: Tabun > VX > Cyclosarin. Overall, the concept looks promising, as expected the candidate probe 4-PAO introduces selectivity to the nanopillar gold substrates without loss of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Juhlin
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE-90182, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Therese Mikaelsson
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE-90182, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aron Hakonen
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Ola Andersson
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, SE-90182, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Langer J, Jimenez de Aberasturi D, Aizpurua J, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Auguié B, Baumberg JJ, Bazan GC, Bell SEJ, Boisen A, Brolo AG, Choo J, Cialla-May D, Deckert V, Fabris L, Faulds K, García de Abajo FJ, Goodacre R, Graham D, Haes AJ, Haynes CL, Huck C, Itoh T, Käll M, Kneipp J, Kotov NA, Kuang H, Le Ru EC, Lee HK, Li JF, Ling XY, Maier SA, Mayerhöfer T, Moskovits M, Murakoshi K, Nam JM, Nie S, Ozaki Y, Pastoriza-Santos I, Perez-Juste J, Popp J, Pucci A, Reich S, Ren B, Schatz GC, Shegai T, Schlücker S, Tay LL, Thomas KG, Tian ZQ, Van Duyne RP, Vo-Dinh T, Wang Y, Willets KA, Xu C, Xu H, Xu Y, Yamamoto YS, Zhao B, Liz-Marzán LM. Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS Nano 2020; 14:28-117. [PMID: 31478375 PMCID: PMC6990571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1286] [Impact Index Per Article: 321.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Langer
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | | | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials
Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU), and Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento
de Química Física e Inorgánica and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Baptiste Auguié
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department
of Materials and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation
and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery
and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
- Center
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Laura Fabris
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers
University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
- The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Haes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian Huck
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tamitake Itoh
- Nano-Bioanalysis
Research Group, Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin-Adlershof 12489, Germany
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hua Kuang
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Eric C. Le Ru
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair in
Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayerhöfer
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Kei Murakoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North 10 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | | | - Jorge Perez-Juste
- Departamento
de Química Física and CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical
Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration
Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Li-Lin Tay
- National
Research Council Canada, Metrology Research
Centre, Ottawa K1A0R6, Canada
| | - K. George Thomas
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick
Institute for Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Katherine A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School
of Physics and Technology and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko S. Yamamoto
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key
Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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13
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Abstract
Thermo-optically generated bubbles in water provide a powerful means for active matter control in microfluidic environments. These bubbles are often formed via continuous-wave illumination of an absorbing medium resulting in bubble nucleation via vaporization of water and subsequent bubble growth from the inward diffusion of gas molecules. However, to date, such bubbles tend to be several microns in diameter, resulting in slow dissipation. This limits the dynamic rate, spatial precision, and throughput of operation in any application. Here we show that isolated plasmonic structures can be utilized as highly localized heating elements to generate thermoplasmonic nanobubbles that can be modulated at frequencies up to several kilohertz in water, orders of magnitude faster than previously demonstrated for microbubbles. The nanobubbles are envisioned as advantageous localized active manipulation elements for high throughput microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jones
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
- Faculty of Physics , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
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14
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Vismara R, Länk NO, Verre R, Käll M, Isabella O, Zeman M. Solar harvesting based on perfect absorbing all-dielectric nanoresonators on a mirror. Opt Express 2019; 27:A967-A980. [PMID: 31510484 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The high-index all-dielectric nanoantenna system is a platform recently used for multiple applications, from metalenses to light management. These systems usually exhibit low absorption/scattering ratios and are not efficient photon harvesters. Nevertheless, by exploiting far-field interference, all-dielectric nanostructures can be engineered to achieve near-perfect absorption in specific wavelength ranges. Here, we propose - based on electrodynamics simulations - that a metasurface composed of an array of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanoparticles on a mirror can achieve nearly complete light absorption close to the bandgap. We apply this concept to a realistic device, predicting a boost of optical performance of thin-film solar cells made of such nanostructures. In the proposed device, high-index dielectric nanoparticles act not only as nanoatennas able to concentrate light but also as the solar cell active medium, contacted at its top and bottom by transparent electrodes. By optimization of the exact geometrical parameters, we predict a system that could achieve initial conversion efficiency values well beyond 9% - using only the equivalent of a 75-nm thick active material. The device absorption enhancement is 50% compared to an unstructured device in the 400 nm - 550 nm range and more than 300% in the 650 nm - 700 nm spectral region. We demonstrate that such large values are related to the metasurface properties and to the perfect absorption mechanism.
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15
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Martínez-Llinàs J, Henry C, Andrén D, Verre R, Käll M, Tassin P. A Gaussian reflective metasurface for advanced wavefront manipulation. Opt Express 2019; 27:21069-21082. [PMID: 31510190 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.021069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces enable us to control the fundamental properties of light with unprecedented flexibility. However, most metasurfaces realized to date aim at modifying plane waves. While the manipulation of nonplanar wavefronts is encountered in a diverse number of applications, their control using metasurfaces is still in its infancy. Here we design a metareflector able to reflect a diverging Gaussian beam back onto itself with efficiency over 90% and focusing at an arbitrary distance. We outline a clear route towards the design of complex metareflectors that can find applications as diverse as optical tweezing, lasing, and quantum optics.
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16
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Verre R, Baranov DG, Munkhbat B, Cuadra J, Käll M, Shegai T. Transition metal dichalcogenide nanodisks as high-index dielectric Mie nanoresonators. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14:679-683. [PMID: 31061517 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently been proposed as an excitonic platform for advanced optical and electronic functionalities1-3. However, in spite of intense research efforts, it has not been widely appreciated that TMDCs also possess a high refractive index4,5. This characteristic opens up the possibility to utilize them to construct resonant nanoantennas based on subwavelength geometrical modes6,7. Here, we show that nanodisks, fabricated from exfoliated multilayer WS2, support distinct Mie resonances and anapole states8 that can be tuned in wavelength over the visible and near-infrared range by varying the nanodisk size and aspect ratio. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a novel regime of light-matter interaction-anapole-exciton polaritons-which we realize within a single WS2 nanodisk. We argue that the TMDC material anisotropy and the presence of excitons enrich traditional nanophotonics approaches based on conventional high-index materials and/or plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Länk NO, Johansson P, Käll M. Directional scattering and multipolar contributions to optical forces on silicon nanoparticles in focused laser beams. Opt Express 2018; 26:29074-29085. [PMID: 30470074 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles made of high index dielectric materials have seen a surge of interest and have been proposed for various applications, such as metalenses, light harvesting and directional scattering. With the advent of fabrication techniques enabling colloidal suspensions, the prospects of optical manipulation of such nanoparticles becomes paramount. High index nanoparticles support electric and magnetic multipolar responses in the visible regime and interference between such modes can give rise to highly directional scattering, in particular a cancellation of back-scattered radiation at the first Kerker condition. Here we present a study of the optical forces on silicon nanoparticles in the visible and near infrared calculated using the transfer matrix method. The zero-backscattering Kerker condition is investigated as an avenue to reduce radiation pressure in an optical trap. We find that while asymmetric scattering does reduce the radiation pressure, the main determining factor of trap stability is the increased particle response near the geometric resonances. The trap stability for non-spherical silicon nanoparticles is also investigated and we find that ellipsoidal deformation of spheres enables trapping of slightly larger particles.
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18
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Aćimović SS, Šípová-Jungová H, Emilsson G, Shao L, Dahlin AB, Käll M, Antosiewicz TJ. Antibody-Antigen Interaction Dynamics Revealed by Analysis of Single-Molecule Equilibrium Fluctuations on Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticle Biosensors. ACS Nano 2018; 12:9958-9965. [PMID: 30165019 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-antigen interactions are complex events central to immune response, in vivo and in vitro diagnostics, and development of therapeutic substances. We developed an ultrastable single-molecule localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing platform optimized for studying antibody-antigen interaction kinetics over very long time scales. The setup allowed us to perform equilibrium fluctuations analysis of the PEG/anti-PEG interaction. By time and frequency domain analysis, we demonstrate that reversible adsorption of monovalently bound anti-PEG antibodies is the dominant factor affecting the LSPR fluctuations. The results suggest that equilibrium fluctuation analysis can be an alternative to established methods for determination of interaction rates. In particular, the methodology is suited to analyze molecular systems whose properties change during the initial interaction phases, for example, due to mass transport limitations or, as demonstrated here, because the effective association rate constant varies with surface concentration of adsorbed molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan S Aćimović
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Andreas B Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg , Sweden
- Faculty of Physics , University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5 , 02-093 Warsaw , Poland
- Center of New Technologies , University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c , 02-097 Warsaw , Poland
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19
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Fusco Z, Rahmani M, Bo R, Verre R, Motta N, Käll M, Neshev D, Tricoli A. Nanostructured Dielectric Fractals on Resonant Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Selective and Sensitive Optical Sensing of Volatile Compounds. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1800931. [PMID: 29862583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding and fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures have led to a plethora of unprecedented optoelectronic and optochemical applications. Plasmon resonance has found widespread use in efficient optical transducers of refractive index changes in liquids. However, it has proven challenging to translate these achievements to the selective detection of gases, which typically adsorb non-specifically and induce refractive index changes below the detection limit. Here, it's shown that integration of tailored fractals of dielectric TiO2 nanoparticles on a plasmonic metasurface strongly enhances the interaction between the plasmonic field and volatile organic molecules and provides a means for their selective detection. Notably, this superior optical response is due to the enhancement of the interaction between the dielectric fractals and the plasmonic metasurface for thickness of up to 1.8 μm, much higher than the evanescent plasmonic near-field (≈30 nm) . Optimal dielectric-plasmonic structures allow measurements of changes in the refractive index of the gas mixture down to <8 × 10-6 at room temperature and selective identification of three exemplary volatile organic compounds. These findings provide a basis for the development of a novel family of dielectric-plasmonic materials with application extending from light harvesting and photocatalysts to contactless sensors for noninvasive medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelio Fusco
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Renheng Bo
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nunzio Motta
- Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
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20
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Abstract
The possibility to generate and measure rotation and torque at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest to the study and application of biological and artificial nanomotors and may provide new routes towards single cell analysis, studies of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and mechanical actuation of nanoscale systems. A facile way to drive rotation is to use focused circularly polarized laser light in optical tweezers. Using this approach, metallic nanoparticles can be operated as highly efficient scattering-driven rotary motors spinning at unprecedented rotation frequencies in water. In this protocol, we outline the construction and operation of circularly-polarized optical tweezers for nanoparticle rotation and describe the instrumentation needed for recording the Brownian dynamics and Rayleigh scattering of the trapped particle. The rotational motion and the scattering spectra provides independent information on the properties of the nanoparticle and its immediate environment. The experimental platform has proven useful as a nanoscopic gauge of viscosity and local temperature, for tracking morphological changes of nanorods and molecular coatings, and as a transducer and probe of photothermal and thermodynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology;
| | | | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology
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21
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Andrén D, Shao L, Odebo Länk N, Aćimović SS, Johansson P, Käll M. Probing Photothermal Effects on Optically Trapped Gold Nanorods by Simultaneous Plasmon Spectroscopy and Brownian Dynamics Analysis. ACS Nano 2017; 11:10053-10061. [PMID: 28872830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gold nanorods are prime candidates for a variety of biomedical, spectroscopy, data storage, and sensing applications. It was recently shown that gold nanorods optically trapped by a focused circularly polarized laser beam can function as extremely efficient nanoscopic rotary motors. The system holds promise for applications ranging from nanofluidic flow control and nanorobotics to biomolecular actuation and analysis. However, to fully exploit this potential, one needs to be able to control and understand heating effects associated with laser trapping. We investigated photothermal heating of individual rotating gold nanorods by simultaneously probing their localized surface plasmon resonance spectrum and rotational Brownian dynamics over extended periods of time. The data reveal an extremely slow nanoparticle reshaping process, involving migration of the order of a few hundred atoms per minute, for moderate laser powers and a trapping wavelength close to plasmon resonance. The plasmon spectroscopy and Brownian analysis allows for separate temperature estimates based on the refractive index and the viscosity of the water surrounding a trapped nanorod. We show that both measurements yield similar effective temperatures, which correspond to the actual temperature at a distance of the order 10-15 nm from the particle surface. Our results shed light on photothermal processes on the nanoscale and will be useful in evaluating the applicability and performance of nanorod motors and optically heated nanoparticles for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nils Odebo Länk
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Srdjan S Aćimović
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University , S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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22
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Abstract
Electromagnetic metasurfaces with strong nonlinear responses and angular selectivity could offer many new avenues for designing ultrathin optics components. We investigated the optical second harmonic generation from plasmonic metasurfaces composed of aligned gold nanopillars with a pronounced out-of-plane tilt using a flexible nonlinear Fourier microscope. The experimental and computational results demonstrate that these samples function as wavevector-selective nonlinear metasurfaces, that is, the coherent second harmonic signal does not only depend on the polarization and wavelength of the excitation beam, but also of its direction of incidence, in spite of the subwavelength thickness of the active layer. Specifically, we observe that the nonlinear response can vary by almost two orders-of-magnitude when the incidence angle is changed from positive to negative values compared to the surface normal. Further, it is demonstrated that these metasurfaces act as a directional nonlinear mirrors, paving the way for new design of directional meta-mirrors in the nonlinear regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yu Yang
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jérémy Butet
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chen Yan
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Olivier J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Verre R, Shao L, Odebo Länk N, Karpinski P, Yankovich AB, Antosiewicz TJ, Olsson E, Käll M. Metasurfaces and Colloidal Suspensions Composed of 3D Chiral Si Nanoresonators. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1701352. [PMID: 28585264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-refractive-index silicon nanoresonators are promising low-loss alternatives to plasmonic particles in CMOS-compatible nanophotonics applications. However, complex 3D particle morphologies are challenging to realize in practice, thus limiting the range of achievable optical functionalities. Using 3D film structuring and a novel gradient mask transfer technique, the first intrinsically chiral dielectric metasurface is fabricated in the form of a monolayer of twisted silicon nanocrescents that can be easily detached and dissolved into colloidal suspension. The metasurfaces exhibit selective handedness and a circular dichroism as large as 160° µm-1 due to pronounced differences in induced current loops for left-handed and right-handed polarization. The detailed morphology of the detached particles is analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, it is shown that the particles can be manipulated in solution using optical tweezers. The fabrication and detachment method can be extended to different nanoparticle geometries and paves the way for a wide range of novel nanophotonic experiments and applications of high-index dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nils Odebo Länk
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Pawel Karpinski
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andrew B Yankovich
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
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24
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Aćimović SS, Šípová H, Emilsson G, Dahlin AB, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M. Superior LSPR substrates based on electromagnetic decoupling for on-a-chip high-throughput label-free biosensing. Light Sci Appl 2017; 6:e17042. [PMID: 30167285 PMCID: PMC6062313 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensing based on supported metal nanoparticles offers unparalleled possibilities for high-end miniaturization, multiplexing and high-throughput label-free molecular interaction analysis in real time when integrated within an opto-fluidic environment. However, such LSPR-sensing devices typically contain extremely large regions of dielectric materials that are open to molecular adsorption, which must be carefully blocked to avoid compromising the device readings. To address this issue, we made the support essentially invisible to the LSPR by carefully removing the dielectric material overlapping with the localized plasmonic fields through optimized wet-etching. The resulting LSPR substrate, which consists of gold nanodisks centered on narrow SiO2 pillars, exhibits markedly reduced vulnerability to nonspecific substrate adsorption, thus allowing, in an ideal case, the implementation of thicker and more efficient passivation layers. We demonstrate that this approach is effective and fully compatible with state-of-the-art multiplexed real-time biosensing technology and thus represents the ideal substrate design for high-throughput label-free biosensing systems with minimal sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan S Aćimović
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Hana Šípová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andreas B Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- E-mail:
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25
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Odebo Länk N, Verre R, Johansson P, Käll M. Large-Scale Silicon Nanophotonic Metasurfaces with Polarization Independent Near-Perfect Absorption. Nano Lett 2017; 17:3054-3060. [PMID: 28358487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optically thin perfect light absorbers could find many uses in science and technology. However, most physical realizations of perfect absorption for the optical range rely on plasmonic excitations in nanostructured metallic metasurfaces, for which the absorbed light energy is quickly lost as heat due to rapid plasmon decay. Here we show that a silicon metasurface excited in a total internal reflection configuration can absorb at least 97% of incident near-infrared light due to interferences between coherent electric and magnetic dipole scattering from the silicon nanopillars that build up the metasurface and the reflected wave from the supporting glass substrate. This "near-perfect" absorption phenomenon loads more than 50 times more light energy into the semiconductor than what would be the case for a uniform silicon sheet of equal surface density, irrespective of incident polarization. We envisage that the concept could be used for the development of novel light harvesting and optical sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Odebo Länk
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University , 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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26
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Yankovich AB, Verre R, Olsén E, Persson AEO, Trinh V, Dovner G, Käll M, Olsson E. Multidimensional Hybridization of Dark Surface Plasmons. ACS Nano 2017; 11:4265-4274. [PMID: 28350962 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures are providing more control over light-matter interactions and rapidly progressing photonic-based technology. These applications often utilize the strong synergy between electromagnetic fields and surface plasmons (SPs) in metallic nanostructures. However, many of the SP interactions hosted by complex 3D nanostructures are poorly understood because they involve dark hybridized states that are typically undetectable with far-field optical spectroscopy. Here, we use experimental and theoretical electron energy loss spectroscopy to elucidate dark SPs and their interactions in layered metal-insulator-metal disc nanostructures. We go beyond the established dipole SP hybridization analysis by measuring breathing and multipolar SP hybridization. In addition, we reveal multidimensional SP hybridization that simultaneously utilizes in-plane and out-of-plane SP coupling. Near-field classic electrodynamics calculations provide excellent agreement with all experiments. These results advance the fundamental understanding of SP hybridization in 3D nanostructures and provide avenues to further tune the interaction between electromagnetic fields and matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Yankovich
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Olsén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anton E O Persson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Viet Trinh
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudrun Dovner
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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Bodvard K, Peeters K, Roger F, Romanov N, Igbaria A, Welkenhuysen N, Palais G, Reiter W, Toledano MB, Käll M, Molin M. Light-sensing via hydrogen peroxide and a peroxiredoxin. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14791. [PMID: 28337980 PMCID: PMC5376668 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast lacks dedicated photoreceptors; however, blue light still causes pronounced oscillations of the transcription factor Msn2 into and out of the nucleus. Here we show that this poorly understood phenomenon is initiated by a peroxisomal oxidase, which converts light into a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signal that is sensed by the peroxiredoxin Tsa1 and transduced to thioredoxin, to counteract PKA-dependent Msn2 phosphorylation. Upon H2O2, the nuclear retention of PKA catalytic subunits, which contributes to delayed Msn2 nuclear concentration, is antagonized in a Tsa1-dependent manner. Conversely, peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation interrupts the H2O2 signal and drives Msn2 oscillations by superimposing on PKA feedback regulation. Our data identify a mechanism by which light could be sensed in all cells lacking dedicated photoreceptors. In particular, the use of H2O2 as a second messenger in signalling is common to Msn2 oscillations and to light-induced entrainment of circadian rhythms and suggests conserved roles for peroxiredoxins in endogenous rhythms. While yeasts lack dedicated photoreceptors, they nonetheless possess metabolic rhythms responsive to light. Here the authors find that light signalling in budding yeast involves the production of H2O2, which in turn regulates protein kinase A through a peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin redox relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer Bodvard
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ken Peeters
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Friederike Roger
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Natalie Romanov
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aeid Igbaria
- Oxidative Stress and Cancer, SBIGEM, iBiTec-S, FRE3377 CEA-CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, CEA-Saclay, bat 142 F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Niek Welkenhuysen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.,Hohmann Lab, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gaël Palais
- Oxidative Stress and Cancer, SBIGEM, iBiTec-S, FRE3377 CEA-CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, CEA-Saclay, bat 142 F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Wolfgang Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel B Toledano
- Oxidative Stress and Cancer, SBIGEM, iBiTec-S, FRE3377 CEA-CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, CEA-Saclay, bat 142 F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Molin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
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28
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Aissaoui N, Moth-Poulsen K, Käll M, Johansson P, Wilhelmsson LM, Albinsson B. FRET enhancement close to gold nanoparticles positioned in DNA origami constructs. Nanoscale 2017; 9:673-683. [PMID: 27942672 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigate the energy transfer rates of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair positioned in close proximity to a 5 nm gold nanoparticle (AuNP) on a DNA origami construct. We study the distance dependence of the FRET rate by varying the location of the donor molecule, D, relative to the AuNP while maintaining a fixed location of the acceptor molecule, A. The presence of the AuNP induces an alteration in the spontaneous emission of the donor (including radiative and non-radiative rates) which is strongly dependent on the distance between the donor and AuNP surface. Simultaneously, the energy transfer rates are enhanced at shorter D-A (and D-AuNP) distances. Overall, in addition to the direct influence of the acceptor and AuNP on the donor decay there is also a significant increase in decay rate not explained by the sum of the two interactions. This leads to enhanced energy transfer between donor and acceptor in the presence of a 5 nm AuNP. We also demonstrate that the transfer rate in the three "particle" geometry (D + A + AuNP) depends approximately linearly on the transfer rate in the donor-AuNP system, suggesting the possibility to control FRET process with electric field induced by 5 nm AuNPs close to the donor fluorophore. It is concluded that DNA origami is a very versatile platform for studying interactions between molecules and plasmonic nanoparticles in general and FRET enhancement in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Aissaoui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - L Marcus Wilhelmsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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29
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Fang Y, Verre R, Shao L, Nordlander P, Käll M. Hot Electron Generation and Cathodoluminescence Nanoscopy of Chiral Split Ring Resonators. Nano Lett 2016; 16:5183-90. [PMID: 27464003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional chiral plasmonic nanostructures have been shown to be able to dramatically boost photon-spin selective light-matter interactions, potentially leading to novel photonics, molecular spectroscopy, and light-harvesting applications based on circularly polarized light. Here, we show that chiral split-ring gold nanoresonators interfaced to a wide band gap semiconductor exhibit a contrast in hot-electron transfer rate between left-handed and right-handed visible light that essentially mimics the far-field circular dichroism of the structures. We trace down the origin of this effect to the differential excitation of the thinnest part of the split-ring structures using dichroic-sensitive cathodoluminescence imaging with nanometer spatial resolution. The results highlight the intricate interplay between the near-field and far-field chiral response of a nanostructure and establishes a clear link to the emerging field of hot carrier plasmonics with numerous potential applications in photocatalysis and solar light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Fang
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University , 77005 Houston, United States
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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30
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Ogier R, Shao L, Svedendahl M, Käll M. Continuous-Gradient Plasmonic Nanostructures Fabricated by Evaporation on a Partially Exposed Rotating Substrate. Adv Mater 2016; 28:4658-64. [PMID: 27061280 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-gradient approach of material evaporation is employed to fabricate nanostructures with varying geometric parameters, such as thickness, lateral positioning, and orientation on a single substrate. The method developed for mask lithography allows continuous tuning of the physical properties of a sample. The technique is highly valuable in simplifying the overall optimization process for constructing metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ogier
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svedendahl
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Ogier R, Shao L, Svedendahl M, Käll M. Metasurfaces: Continuous-Gradient Plasmonic Nanostructures Fabricated by Evaporation on a Partially Exposed Rotating Substrate (Adv. Mater. 23/2016). Adv Mater 2016; 28:4756. [PMID: 27281049 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201670163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-gradient approach of material evaporation is employed by L. Shao, M. Käll, and co-workers to fabricate nanostructures with varying geometric parameters such as thickness, lateral positioning, and orientation on a single substrate. This method for mask lithography, described on page 4658, allows continuous tuning of the physical properties of a sample. The technique is highly valuable in simplifying the overall optimization process for constructing metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ogier
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svedendahl
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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32
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Verre R, Maccaferri N, Fleischer K, Svedendahl M, Odebo Länk N, Dmitriev A, Vavassori P, Shvets IV, Käll M. Polarization conversion-based molecular sensing using anisotropic plasmonic metasurfaces. Nanoscale 2016; 8:10576-81. [PMID: 27153470 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic media induce changes in the polarization state of transmitted and reflected light. Here we combine this effect with the refractive index sensitivity typical of plasmonic nanoparticles to experimentally demonstrate self-referenced single wavelength refractometric sensing based on polarization conversion. We fabricated anisotropic plasmonic metasurfaces composed of gold dimers and, as a proof of principle, measured the changes in the rotation of light polarization induced by biomolecular adsorption with a surface sensitivity of 0.2 ng cm(-2). We demonstrate the possibility of miniaturized sensing and we show that experimental results can be reproduced by analytical theory. Various ways to increase the sensitivity and applicability of the sensing scheme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Verre
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - N Maccaferri
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden. and CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - K Fleischer
- School of Physics and Center for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Svedendahl
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - N Odebo Länk
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - A Dmitriev
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - P Vavassori
- CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - I V Shvets
- School of Physics and Center for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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33
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Hakonen A, Rindzevicius T, Schmidt MS, Andersson PO, Juhlin L, Svedendahl M, Boisen A, Käll M. Detection of nerve gases using surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates with high droplet adhesion. Nanoscale 2016; 8:1305-1308. [PMID: 26676552 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Threats from chemical warfare agents, commonly known as nerve gases, constitute a serious security issue of increasing global concern because of surging terrorist activity worldwide. However, nerve gases are difficult to detect using current analytical tools and outside dedicated laboratories. Here we demonstrate that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can be used for sensitive detection of femtomol quantities of two nerve gases, VX and Tabun, using a handheld Raman device and SERS substrates consisting of flexible gold-covered Si nanopillars. The substrate surface exhibits high droplet adhesion and nanopillar clustering due to elasto-capillary forces, resulting in enrichment of target molecules in plasmonic hot-spots with high Raman enhancement. The results may pave the way for strategic life-saving SERS detection of chemical warfare agents in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Hakonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345 east, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Stenbæk Schmidt
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345 east, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Ola Andersson
- Swedish Defense Research Agency FOI, Dept CBRN Def & Security, SE-90182 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Juhlin
- Swedish Defense Research Agency FOI, Dept CBRN Def & Security, SE-90182 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svedendahl
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anja Boisen
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345 east, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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34
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Verre R, Svedendahl M, Odebo Länk N, Yang ZJ, Zengin G, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M. Directional Light Extinction and Emission in a Metasurface of Tilted Plasmonic Nanopillars. Nano Lett 2016; 16:98-104. [PMID: 26625299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic optical antennas and metamaterials with an ability to boost light-matter interactions for particular incidence or emission angles could find widespread use in solar harvesting, biophotonics, and in improving photon source performance at optical frequencies. However, directional plasmonic structures have generally large footprints or require complicated geometries and costly nanofabrication technologies. Here, we present a directional metasurface realized by breaking the out-of-plane symmetry of its individual elements: tilted subwavelength plasmonic gold nanopillars. Directionality is caused by the complex charge oscillation induced in each individual nanopillar, which essentially acts as a tilted dipole above a dielectric interface. The metasurface is homogeneous over a macroscopic area and it is fabricated by a combination of facile colloidal lithography and off-normal metal deposition. Fluorescence excitation and emission from dye molecules deposited on the metasurface is enhanced in specific directions determined by the tilt angle of the nanopillars. We envisage that these directional metasurfaces can be used as cost-effective substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopies and a variety of nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Verre
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Svedendahl
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - N Odebo Länk
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Z J Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G Zengin
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T J Antosiewicz
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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35
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Abstract
Efficient and robust artificial nanomotors could provide a variety of exciting possibilities for applications in physics, biology and chemistry, including nanoelectromechanical systems, biochemical sensing, and drug delivery. However, the application of current man-made nanomotors is limited by their sophisticated fabrication techniques, low mechanical output power and severe environmental requirements, making their performance far below that of natural biomotors. Here we show that single-crystal gold nanorods can be rotated extremely fast in aqueous solutions through optical torques dominated by plasmonic resonant scattering of circularly polarized laser light with power as low as a few mW. The nanorods are trapped in 2D against a glass surface, and their rotational dynamics is highly dependent on their surface plasmon resonance properties. They can be kept continuously rotating for hours with limited photothermal side effects and they can be applied for detection of molecular binding with high sensitivity. Because of their biocompatibility, mechanical and thermal stability, and record rotation speeds reaching up to 42 kHz (2.5 million revolutions per minute), these rotary nanomotors could advance technologies to meet a wide range of future nanomechanical and biomedical needs in fields such as nanorobotics, nanosurgery, DNA manipulation and nano/microfluidic flow control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zhong-Jian Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University , S-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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36
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Yang ZJ, Antosiewicz TJ, Verre R, García de Abajo FJ, Apell SP, Käll M. Ultimate Limit of Light Extinction by Nanophotonic Structures. Nano Lett 2015; 15:7633-7638. [PMID: 26478949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic structures make it possible to precisely engineer the optical response at deep subwavelength scales. However, a fundamental understanding of the general performance limits remains a challenge. Here we use extensive electrodynamics simulations to demonstrate that the so-called f-sum rule sets a strict upper bound to the light extinction by nanostructures regardless their internal interactions and retardation effects. In particular, we show that the f-sum rule applies to arbitrarily complex plasmonic metal structures that exhibit an extraordinary spectral sensitivity to size, shape, near-field coupling effects, and incident polarization. The results may be used for benchmarking light scattering and absorption efficiencies, thus imposing fundamental limits on solar light harvesting, biomedical photonics, and optical communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats , Passeig Lluı́s Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Peter Apell
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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37
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Abadeer NS, Fülöp G, Chen S, Käll M, Murphy CJ. Interactions of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides with Gold Nanorod Surfaces Investigated by Refractometric Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:24915-24925. [PMID: 26488238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interface between nanoparticles and bacterial surfaces is of great interest for applications in nanomedicine and food safety. Here, we demonstrate that interactions between gold nanorods and bacterial surface molecules are governed by the nanoparticle surface coating. Polymer-coated gold nanorod substrates are exposed to lipopolysaccharides extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, and attachment is monitored using localized surface plasmon resonance refractometric sensing. The number of lipopolysaccharide molecules attached per nanorod is calculated from the shift in the plasmon maximum, which results from the change in refractive index after analyte binding. Colloidal gold nanorods in water are also incubated with lipopolysaccharides to demonstrate the effect of lipopolysaccharide concentration on plasmon shift, ζ-potential, and association constant. Both gold nanorod surface charge and surface chemistry affect gold nanorod-lipopolysaccharide interactions. In general, anionic lipopolysaccharides was found to attach more effectively to cationic gold nanorods than to neutral or anionic gold nanorods. Some variation in lipopolysaccharide attachment is also observed between the three strains studied, demonstrating the potential complexity of bacteria-nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardine S Abadeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gergő Fülöp
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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38
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Jiao Y, Hellman A, Fang Y, Gao S, Käll M. Schottky barrier formation and band bending revealed by first- principles calculations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11374. [PMID: 26065401 PMCID: PMC4464327 DOI: 10.1038/srep11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a Schottky barrier at the metal-semiconductor interface is widely utilised in semiconductor devices. With the emerging of novel Schottky barrier based nanoelectronics, a further microscopic understanding of this interface is in high demand. Here we provide an atomistic insight into potential barrier formation and band bending by ab initio simulations and model analysis of a prototype Schottky diode, i.e., niobium doped rutile titania in contact with gold (Au/Nb:TiO2). The local Schottky barrier height is found to vary between 0 and 1.26 eV depending on the position of the dopant. The band bending is caused by a dopant induced dipole field between the interface and the dopant site, whereas the pristine Au/TiO2 interface does not show any band bending. These findings open the possibility for atomic scale optimisation of the Schottky barrier and light harvesting in metal-semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Yurui Fang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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39
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Fang Y, Jiao Y, Xiong K, Ogier R, Yang ZJ, Gao S, Dahlin AB, Käll M. Plasmon Enhanced Internal Photoemission in Antenna-Spacer-Mirror Based Au/TiO₂ Nanostructures. Nano Lett 2015; 15:4059-4065. [PMID: 25938263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Emission of photoexcited hot electrons from plasmonic metal nanostructures to semiconductors is key to a number of proposed nanophotonics technologies for solar harvesting, water splitting, photocatalysis, and a variety of optical sensing and photodetector applications. Favorable materials and catalytic properties make systems based on gold and TiO2 particularly interesting, but the internal photoemission efficiency for visible light is low because of the wide bandgap of the semiconductor. We investigated the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of thin TiO2 films decorated with Au nanodisk antennas in an electrochemical circuit and found that incorporation of a Au mirror beneath the semiconductor amplified the photoresponse for light with wavelength λ = 500-950 nm by a factor 2-10 compared to identical structures lacking the mirror component. Classical electrodynamics simulations showed that the enhancement effect is caused by a favorable interplay between localized surface plasmon excitations and cavity modes that together amplify the light absorption in the Au/TiO2 interface. The experimentally determined internal quantum efficiency for hot electron transfer decreases monotonically with wavelength, similar to the probability for interband excitations with energy higher than the Schottky barrier obtained from a density functional theory band structure simulation of a thin Au/TiO2 slab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Fang
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Yang Jiao
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Kunli Xiong
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Robin Ogier
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Zhong-Jian Yang
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Shiwu Gao
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
- ‡Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Zhongguancun Software Park II, No. 10 Dongbeiwang West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Andreas B Dahlin
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
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40
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Hakonen A, Svedendahl M, Ogier R, Yang ZJ, Lodewijks K, Verre R, Shegai T, Andersson PO, Käll M. Dimer-on-mirror SERS substrates with attogram sensitivity fabricated by colloidal lithography. Nanoscale 2015; 7:9405-9410. [PMID: 25952612 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplasmonic substrates with optimized field-enhancement properties are a key component in the continued development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) molecular analysis but are challenging to produce inexpensively in large scale. We used a facile and cost-effective bottom-up technique, colloidal hole-mask lithography, to produce macroscopic dimer-on-mirror gold nanostructures. The optimized structures exhibit excellent SERS performance, as exemplified by detection of 2.5 and 50 attograms of BPE, a common SERS probe, using Raman microscopy and a simple handheld device, respectively. The corresponding Raman enhancement factor is of the order 10(11), which compares favourably to previously reported record performance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Hakonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Division of Bionanophotonics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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41
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Zengin G, Wersäll M, Nilsson S, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M, Shegai T. Realizing Strong Light-Matter Interactions between Single-Nanoparticle Plasmons and Molecular Excitons at Ambient Conditions. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:157401. [PMID: 25933338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Realizing strong light-matter interactions between individual two-level systems and resonating cavities in atomic and solid state systems opens up possibilities to study optical nonlinearities on a single-photon level, which can be useful for future quantum information processing networks. However, these efforts have been hampered by unfavorable experimental conditions, such as cryogenic temperatures and ultrahigh vacuum, required to study such systems and phenomena. Although several attempts to realize strong light-matter interactions at room temperature using plasmon resonances have been made, successful realizations on the single-nanoparticle level are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling between plasmons confined within a single silver nanoprism and excitons in molecular J aggregates at ambient conditions. Our findings show that deep subwavelength mode volumes V together with quality factors Q that are reasonably high for plasmonic nanostructures result in a strong-coupling figure of merit-Q/sqrt[V] as high as ∼6×10^{3} μm^{-3/2}, a value comparable to state-of-the-art photonic crystal and microring resonator cavities. This suggests that plasmonic nanocavities, and specifically silver nanoprisms, can be used for room temperature quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülis Zengin
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Wersäll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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42
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Hakonen A, Andersson PO, Stenbæk Schmidt M, Rindzevicius T, Käll M. Explosive and chemical threat detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 893:1-13. [PMID: 26398417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acts of terror and warfare threats are challenging tasks for defense agencies around the world and of growing importance to security conscious policy makers and the general public. Explosives and chemical warfare agents are two of the major concerns in this context, as illustrated by the recent Boston Marathon bombing and nerve gas attacks on civilians in the Middle East. To prevent such tragic disasters, security personnel must be able to find, identify and deactivate the threats at multiple locations and levels. This involves major technical and practical challenges, such as detection of ultra-low quantities of hazardous compounds at remote locations for anti-terror purposes and monitoring of environmental sanitation of dumped or left behind toxic substances and explosives. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is one of todays most interesting and rapidly developing methods for label-free ultrasensitive vibrational "fingerprinting" of a variety of molecular compounds. Performance highlights include attomolar detection of TNT and DNT explosives, a sensitivity that few, if any, other technique can compete with. Moreover, instrumentation needed for SERS analysis are becoming progressively better, smaller and cheaper, and can today be acquired for a retail price close to 10,000 US$. This contribution aims to give a comprehensive overview of SERS as a technique for detection of explosives and chemical threats. We discuss the prospects of SERS becoming a major tool for convenient in-situ threat identification and we summarize existing SERS detection methods and substrates with particular focus on ultra-sensitive real-time detection. General concepts, detection capabilities and perspectives are discussed in order to guide potential users of the technique for homeland security and anti-warfare purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Hakonen
- Division of Bionanophotonics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Per Ola Andersson
- Swedish Defense Research Agency FOI, Division of CBRN Defence & Security, SE-90182 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Stenbæk Schmidt
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345 East, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345 East, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Käll
- Division of Bionanophotonics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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43
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Abstract
Optical trapping using focused laser beams (laser tweezers) has been proven to be extremely useful for contactless manipulation of a variety of small objects, including biological cells, organelles within cells, and a wide range of other dielectric micro- and nano-objects. Colloidal metal nanoparticles have drawn increasing attention in the field of optical trapping because of their unique interactions with electromagnetic radiation, caused by surface plasmon resonance effects, enabling a large number of nano-optical applications of high current interest. Here we try to give a comprehensive overview of the field of laser trapping and manipulation of metal nanoparticles based on results reported in the recent literature. We also discuss and describe the fundamentals of optical forces in the context of plasmonic nanoparticles, including effects of polarization, optical angular momentum, and laser heating effects, as well as the various techniques that have been used to trap and manipulate metal nanoparticles. We conclude by suggesting possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Lehmuskero
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- ‡School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- §Quantum Science Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lianming Tong
- ∥Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- ⊥Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mikael Käll
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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44
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Abstract
The possibility of achieving optical magnetism at visible frequencies using plasmonic nanostructures has recently been a subject of great interest. The concept is based on designing structures that support plasmon modes with electron oscillation patterns that imitate current loops, that is, magnetic dipoles. However, the magnetic resonances are typically spectrally narrow, thereby limiting their applicability in, for example, metamaterial designs. We show that a significantly broader magnetic response can be realized in plasmonic pentamers constructed from metal-insulator-metal (MIM) sandwich particles. Each MIM unit acts as a magnetic meta-atom and the optical magnetism is rendered quasi-broadband through hybridization of the in-plane modes. We demonstrate that scattering spectra of individual MIM pentamers exhibit multiple Fano resonances and a broad subradiant spectral window that signals the magnetic interaction and a hierarchy of coupling effects in these intricate three-dimensional nanoparticle oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Verre
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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45
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Verre R, Antosiewicz TJ, Svedendahl M, Lodewijks K, Shegai T, Käll M. Quasi-isotropic surface plasmon polariton generation through near-field coupling to a penrose pattern of silver nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2014; 8:9286-9294. [PMID: 25182843 DOI: 10.1021/nn503195n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quasicrystals are structures that possess long-range order without being periodic. We investigate the unique characteristics of a photonic quasicrystal that consists of plasmonic Ag nanodisks arranged in a Penrose pattern. The quasicrystal scatters light in a complex but spectacular diffraction pattern that can be directly imaged in the back focal plane of an optical microscope, allowing us to assess the excitation efficiency of the various diffraction modes. Furthermore, surface plasmon polaritons can be launched almost isotropically through near-field grating coupling when the quasicrystal is positioned close to a homogeneous silver surface. We characterize the dispersion relation of the different excited plasmon modes by reflection measurements and simulations. It is demonstrated that the quasicrystal in-coupling efficiency is strongly enhanced compared to a nanoparticle array with the same particle density but only short-range lateral order. We envision that the system can be useful for a number of advanced light harvesting and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Verre
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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46
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Virk M, Xiong K, Svedendahl M, Käll M, Dahlin AB. A thermal plasmonic sensor platform: resistive heating of nanohole arrays. Nano Lett 2014; 14:3544-9. [PMID: 24807397 DOI: 10.1021/nl5011542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have created a simple and efficient thermal plasmonic sensor platform by letting a DC current heat plasmonic nanohole arrays. The sensor can be used to determine thermodynamic parameters in addition to monitoring molecular reactions in real-time. As an application example, we use the thermal sensor to determine the kinetics and activation energy for desorption of thiol monolayers on gold. Further, the temperature of the metal can be measured optically by the spectral shift of the bonding surface plasmon mode (0.015 nm/K). We show that this resonance shift is caused by thermal lattice expansion, which reduces the plasma frequency of the metal. The sensor is also used to determine the thin film thermal expansion coefficient through a theoretical model for the expected resonance shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Virk
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg, Sweden
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47
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Lehmuskero A, Li Y, Johansson P, Käll M. Plasmonic particles set into fast orbital motion by an optical vortex beam. Opt Express 2014; 22:4349-4356. [PMID: 24663758 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We optically trap plasmonic gold particles in two dimensions and set them into circular motion around the optical axis using a helically phased vortex laser beam. The orbiting frequency of the particles reaches 86 Hz, which corresponds to a particle velocity of the order 1 mm per second, for an incident laser power of a few tens of milliwatts. The experimentally determined orbiting frequencies are found to be well in line with the notion that the beam carries an orbital angular momentum of ħl per photon.
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48
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Zengin G, Johansson G, Johansson P, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M, Shegai T. Approaching the strong coupling limit in single plasmonic nanorods interacting with J-aggregates. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3074. [PMID: 24166360 PMCID: PMC3810662 DOI: 10.1038/srep03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied scattering and extinction of individual silver nanorods coupled to the J-aggregate form of the cyanine dye TDBC as a function of plasmon – exciton detuning. The measured single particle spectra exhibited a strongly suppressed scattering and extinction rate at wavelengths corresponding to the J-aggregate absorption band, signaling strong interaction between the localized surface plasmon of the metal core and the exciton of the surrounding molecular shell. In the context of strong coupling theory, the observed “transparency dips” correspond to an average vacuum Rabi splitting of the order of 100 meV, which approaches the plasmon dephasing rate and, thereby, the strong coupling limit for the smallest investigated particles. These findings could pave the way towards ultra-strong light-matter interaction on the nanoscale and active plasmonic devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülis Zengin
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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49
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Chen S, Svedendahl M, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M. Plasmon-enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on large arrays of individual particles made by electron beam lithography. ACS Nano 2013; 7:8824-8832. [PMID: 24025047 DOI: 10.1021/nn403287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive biosensing is one of the main driving forces behind the dynamic research field of plasmonics. We have previously demonstrated that the sensitivity of single nanoparticle plasmon spectroscopy can be greatly enhanced by enzymatic amplification of the refractive index footprint of individual protein molecules, so-called plasmon-enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The technique, which is based on generation of an optically dense precipitate catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase at the metal surface, allowed for colorimetric analysis of ultralow molecular surface coverages with a limit of detection approaching the single molecule limit. However, the plasmonic response induced by a single enzyme can be expected to vary for a number of reasons, including inhomogeneous broadening of the sensing properties of individual particles, variation in electric field enhancement over the surface of a single particle and variation in size and morphology of the enzymatic precipitate. In this report, we discuss how such inhomogeneities affect the possibility to quantify the number of molecules bound to a single nanoparticle. The discussion is based on simulations and measurements of large arrays of well-separated gold nanoparticles fabricated by electron beam lithography (EBL). The new data confirms the intrinsic single-molecule sensitivity of the technique but we were not able to clearly resolve the exact number of adsorbed molecules per single particle. The results indicate that the main sources of uncertainty come from variations in sensitivity across the surface of individual particles and between different particles. There is also a considerable uncertainty in the actual precipitate morphology produced by individual enzyme molecules. Possible routes toward further improvements of the methodology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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50
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Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that an incident light beam can be completely annihilated in a single layer of randomly distributed, widely spaced gold nanoparticle antennas. Under certain conditions, each antenna dissipates more than 10 times the number of photons that enter its geometric cross-sectional area. The underlying physics can be understood in terms of a critical coupling to localized plasmons in the nanoparticles or, equivalently, in terms of destructive optical Fano interference and so-called coherent absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Svedendahl
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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