1
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Hatai J, Schmuck C. Diverse Properties of Guanidiniocarbonyl Pyrrole-Based Molecules: Artificial Analogues of Arginine. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1709-1720. [PMID: 31150198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The guanidinium moiety, which is present in active sites of many enzymes, plays an important role in the binding of anionic substrates. In addition, it was also found to be an excellent binding motif for supramolecular chemistry. Inspired by Nature, scientists have developed artificial receptors containing guanidinium scaffolds that bind to a variety of oxoanions through hydrogen bonding and charge pairing interactions. However, the majority of binding studies is restricted to organic solvents. Polyguanidinium based molecules can form efficient complexes in aqueous solvents due to strong electrostatic interactions. However, they only have moderate association constants, which are significantly decreased in the presence of competing anions and salts. Hence, to improve the binding affinity of the guanidinium moiety, our group developed the cationic guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole (GCP) moiety. This rigid planar analogue binds efficiently to oxoanions, like carboxylates even in aqueous solvents. The lower p Ka value (7-8) of GCP compared to guanidinium derivatives (p Ka 13) favors the formation of strong, hydrogen bonded ion pairs. In addition, carboxylate binding is further enhanced by additional amide hydrogen bond donors located at the five position of the pyrrole core. Moreover, the design has allowed for introducing secondary interactions between receptor side chains and guest molecules, which allows for optimizing binding specificity and selectivity. The spectroscopic data confirmed stabilization of guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole/oxoanion complexes through a combination of ion pairing and multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. The key role of the ionic interaction in a polar solvent, is demonstrated by a zwitterion derivative of the guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole, which self-assembles in both dimethyl sulfoxide and pure water with association constants of K > 1010 M-1 and K = 170 M-1, respectively. In this Account, we discuss strategies for making GCP functionalized compounds, in order to boost their ability to bind oxoanions. Then we explore how these building blocks have been incorporated into different synthetic molecules and peptide sequences, highlighting examples that demonstrated the versatility of this binding scaffold. For instance, the high oxoanion binding property of GCP-based compounds was exploited to generate a detectable signal for sensing applications, thus improving selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous solution. Moreover, peptides and molecules containing GCP have shown excellent gene transfections properties. Furthermore, the self-assembly and zwitterionic behavior of zwitterionic GCP analogues was used to develop variety of supramolecular architectures such as stable supramolecular β-helix structure, linear supramolecular oligomers, one-dimensional rods or two-dimension sheets, fibers, vesicles, soft nanospheres, as well as stimuli responsive supramolecular gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev Hatai
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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2
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Huang CM, Lyu SY, Lin KH, Chen CL, Chen MH, Shih HW, Hsu NS, Lo IW, Wang YL, Li YS, Wu CJ, Li TL. Teicoplanin Reprogrammed with the N-Acyl-Glucosamine Pharmacophore at the Penultimate Residue of Aglycone Acquires Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activities Effectively Killing Gram-Positive and -Negative Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:430-442. [PMID: 30599088 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoglycopeptide antibiotics, for example, teicoplanin (Tei) and A40926, are more potent than vancomycin against Gram-positive (Gram-(+)) drug-resistant pathogens, for example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To extend their therapeutic effectiveness on vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), the biosynthetic pathway of the N-acyl glucosamine (Glc) pharmacophore at residue 4 (r4) of teicoplanin pseudoaglycone redirection to residue 6 (r6) was attempted. On the basis of crystal structures, two regioselective biocatalysts Orf2*T (a triple-mutation mutant S98A/V121A/F193Y) and Orf11*S (a single-mutation mutant W163A) were engineered, allowing them to act on GlcNAc at r6. New analogs thereby made show marked antimicrobial activity against MRSA and VRSA by 2-3 orders of magnitude better than teicoplanin and vancomycin. The lipid side chain of the Tei-analogs armed with a terminal mono- or diguanidino group extends the antimicrobial specificity from Gram-(+) to Gram-negative (Gram-(-)), comparable to that of kanamycin. In addition to low cytotoxicity and high safety, the Tei analogs exhibit new modes of action as a result of resensitization of VRSA and Acinetobacter baumannii. The redirection of the biosynthetic pathway for the N-acyl-Glc pharmacophore from r4 to r6 bodes well for large-scale production of selected r6,Tei congeners in an environmentally friendly synthetic biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Man Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Section 2,
Beitou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Yi Lyu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Shih
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Shian Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Peining Road, Jhongjhong, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- National Chung-Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South Taichung 402, Taiwan
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3
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Wu ZC, Isley NA, Boger DL. N-Terminus Alkylation of Vancomycin: Ligand Binding Affinity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Site-Specific Nature of Quaternary Trimethylammonium Salt Modification. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1468-1474. [PMID: 30067012 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of vancomycin derivatives alkylated at the N-terminus amine were synthesized, including those that contain quaternary trimethylammonium salts either directly at the terminal amine site or with an intervening three-carbon spacer. The examination of their properties provides important comparisons with a C-terminus trimethylammonium salt modification that we recently found to improve the antimicrobial potency of vancomycin analogues through an added mechanism of action. The N-terminus modifications disclosed herein were well-tolerated, minimally altering model ligand binding affinities (d-Ala-d-Ala) and antimicrobial activity, but did not induce membrane permeabilization that was observed with a similar C-terminus modification. The results indicate that our earlier observations with the C-terminus modification are sensitive to the site as well as structure of the trimethylammonium salt modification and are not simply the result of nonspecific effects derived from introduction of a cationic charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Isley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Fraschetti C, Montagna M, Crestoni ME, Calcaterra A, Aiello F, Santi L, Filippi A. Kinetic enantioselectivity of a protonated bis(diamido)-bridged basket resorcin[4]arene towards alanine peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:1183-1189. [PMID: 28084488 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02734b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efficient enantiodiscrimination of some alanine-containing di- and tri-peptides by using chiral protonated bis(diamido)-bridged basket resorcin[4]arenes depends on several factors, including the basicity of the amino acid residues at the C- and N-termini of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fraschetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - M Montagna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - M E Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - A Calcaterra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - F Aiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Santi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - A Filippi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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5
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Mishra NM, Briers Y, Lamberigts C, Steenackers H, Robijns S, Landuyt B, Vanderleyden J, Schoofs L, Lavigne R, Luyten W, Van der Eycken EV. Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel CRAMP-vancomycin conjugates with diverse linkers. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:7477-86. [PMID: 26068402 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and antibacterial activity analysis of conjugates of vancomycin and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides (CRAMP). Vancomycin inhibits the nascent peptidoglycan synthesis and is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas Gram-negative bacteria are generally insensitive due to a protective outer membrane. CRAMP is known to translocate across the Gram-negative outer membrane by a self-promoted uptake mechanism. Vancomycin-CRAMP conjugates were synthesized using click chemistry with diverse hydrophilic and hydrophobic linkers, with CRAMP functioning as a carrier peptide for the transfer of vancomycin through the outer membrane. Small hydrophobic linkers with an aromatic group result in the most active conjugates against planktonic Gram-negative bacteria, while maintaining the high activity of vancomycin against Gram-positive bacteria. These conjugates thus show a broad-spectrum activity, which is absent in CRAMP or vancomycin alone, and which is strongly improved compared to an equimolar mixture of CRAMP and vancomycin. In addition, these conjugates also show a strong inhibitory activity against S. Typhimurium biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigam M Mishra
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Okano A, Nakayama A, Wu K, Lindsey EA, Schammel AW, Feng Y, Collins KC, Boger DL. Total syntheses and initial evaluation of [Ψ[C(═S)NH]Tpg⁴]vancomycin, [Ψ[C(═NH)NH]Tpg⁴]vancomycin, [Ψ[CH₂NH]Tpg⁴]vancomycin, and their (4-chlorobiphenyl)methyl derivatives: synergistic binding pocket and peripheral modifications for the glycopeptide antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3693-704. [PMID: 25750995 PMCID: PMC4376669 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Full details of studies are disclosed on the total syntheses of binding pocket analogues of vancomycin bearing the peripheral L-vancosaminyl-1,2-D-glucosyl disaccharide that contain changes to a key single atom in the residue-4 amide (residue-4 carbonyl O → S, NH, H2) designed to directly address the underlying molecular basis of resistance to vancomycin. Also disclosed are studies piloting the late-stage transformations conducted on the synthetically more accessible C-terminus hydroxymethyl aglycon derivatives and full details of the peripheral chlorobiphenyl functionalization of all of the binding-pocket-modified vancomycin analogues designed for dual D-Ala-D-Ala/D-Ala-D-Lac binding. Their collective assessment indicates that combined binding pocket and chlorobiphenyl peripherally modified analogues exhibit a remarkable spectrum of antimicrobial activity (VSSA, MRSA, and VanA and VanB VRE) and impressive potencies against both vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant bacteria (MICs = 0.06-0.005 and 0.5-0.06 μg/mL for the amidine and methylene analogues, respectively) and likely benefit from two independent and synergistic mechanisms of action, only one of which is dependent on D-Ala-D-Ala/D-Ala-D-Lac binding. Such analogues are likely to display especially durable antibiotic activity that is not prone to rapidly acquired clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Okano
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kejia Wu
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Erick A. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alex W. Schammel
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yiqing Feng
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Karen C. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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7
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Okano A, Nakayama A, Schammel AW, Boger DL. Total synthesis of [Ψ[C(═NH)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin and its (4-chlorobiphenyl)methyl derivative: impact of peripheral modifications on vancomycin analogues redesigned for dual D-Ala-D-Ala and D-Ala-D-Lac binding. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13522-5. [PMID: 25211770 PMCID: PMC4183650 DOI: 10.1021/ja507009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of two key analogues of vancomycin containing single-atom exchanges in the binding pocket (residue 4 amidine and thioamide) are disclosed as well as their peripherally modified (4-chlorobiphenyl)methyl (CBP) derivatives. Their assessment indicates that combined pocket amidine and CBP peripherally modified analogues exhibit a remarkable spectrum of antimicrobial activity (VSSA, MRSA, VanA and VanB VRE) and impressive potencies (MIC = 0.06-0.005 μg/mL) against both vancomycin-sensitive and -resistant bacteria and likely benefit from two independent and synergistic mechanisms of action. Like vancomycin, such analogues are likely to display especially durable antibiotic activity not prone to rapidly acquired clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Okano
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alex W. Schammel
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Buyck T, Wang Q, Zhu J. Triple role of phenylselenonyl group enabled a one-pot synthesis of 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones from α-isocyanoacetates, phenyl vinyl selenones, and water. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11524-8. [PMID: 25066833 DOI: 10.1021/ja506031h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of α-substituted α-isocyanoacetates with phenyl vinyl selenones in the presence of a catalytic amount of base (DBU or Et3N, 0.05-0.1 equiv) followed by addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, 0.1-0.2 equiv) afforded 4,4,5-trisubstituted 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones in good to excellent yields. Enantiomerically enriched heterocycles can also be prepared using a Cinchona alkaloid-derived bifunctional organocatalyst for the Michael addition step. The phenylselenonyl group served as an activator for the Michael addition, a leaving group and a latent oxidant in this integrated reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buyck
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Pinchman JR, Boger DL. Probing the role of the vancomycin e-ring aryl chloride: selective divergent synthesis and evaluation of alternatively substituted E-ring analogues. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4116-24. [PMID: 23617725 DOI: 10.1021/jm4004494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of vancomycin aglycon derivatives through conversion of the E-ring aryl chloride to a reactive boronic acid and its use in the synthesis of a systematic series of vancomycin E-ring analogues are described. The series was used to examine the E-ring chloride impact in binding d-Ala-d-Ala and on antimicrobial activity. In contrast to the reduced activity of the unsubstituted E-ring derivatives, hydrophobic and relatively nonpolar substituents approach or match the chloro-substituted vancomycin and were insensitive to the electronic character of the substituent (e.g., Cl vs CN/OMe), whereas highly polar substituents fail to provide the enhancements. Moreover, the active permethylated vancomycin aglycon derivatives exhibit VanB VRE antimicrobial activity at levels that approach (typically within 2-fold) their activity against sensitive bacteria. The robust borylation reaction also enabled the functionalization of a minimally protected vancomycin aglycon (N-Boc-vancomycin aglycon) and provides a direct method for the preparation of previously inaccessible analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Pinchman
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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10
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Okano A, James RC, Pierce JG, Xie J, Boger DL. Silver(I)-promoted conversion of thioamides to amidines: divergent synthesis of a key series of vancomycin aglycon residue 4 amidines that clarify binding behavior to model ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8790-3. [PMID: 22568755 DOI: 10.1021/ja302808p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of a general Ag(I)-promoted reaction for the conversion of thioamides to amidines is disclosed. This reaction was employed to prepare a key series of vancomycin aglycon residue 4 substituted amidines that were used to clarify their interaction with model ligands of peptidoglycan precursors and explore their resulting impact on antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Okano
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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11
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Xie J, Okano A, Pierce JG, James RC, Stamm S, Crane CM, Boger DL. Total synthesis of [Ψ[C(═S)NH]Tpg4]vancomycin aglycon, [Ψ[C(═NH)NH]Tpg4]vancomycin aglycon, and related key compounds: reengineering vancomycin for dual D-Ala-D-Ala and D-Ala-D-Lac binding. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1284-97. [PMID: 22188323 PMCID: PMC3262083 DOI: 10.1021/ja209937s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of [Ψ[C(═S)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon (8) and its unique AgOAc-promoted single-step conversion to [Ψ[C(═NH)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon (7), conducted on a fully deprotected substrate, are disclosed. The synthetic approach not only permits access to 7, but it also allows late-stage access to related residue 4 derivatives, alternative access to [Ψ[CH(2)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon (6) from a common late-stage intermediate, and provides authentic residue 4 thioamide and amidine derivatives of the vancomycin aglycon that will facilitate ongoing efforts on their semisynthetic preparation. In addition to early stage residue 4 thioamide introduction, allowing differentiation of one of seven amide bonds central to the vancomycin core structure, the approach relied on two aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions for formation of the 16-membered diaryl ethers in the CD/DE ring systems, an effective macrolactamization for closure of the 12-membered biaryl AB ring system, and the defined order of CD, AB, and DE ring closures. This order of ring closures follows their increasing ease of thermal atropisomer equilibration, permitting the recycling of any newly generated unnatural atropisomer under progressively milder thermal conditions where the atropoisomer stereochemistry already set is not impacted. Full details of the evaluation of 7 and 8 along with several related key synthetic compounds containing the core residue 4 amidine and thioamide modifications are reported. The binding affinity of compounds containing the residue 4 amidine with the model D-Ala-D-Ala ligand 2 was found to be only 2-3 times less than the vancomycin aglycon (5), and this binding affinity is maintained with the model d-Ala-d-Lac ligand 4, representing a nearly 600-fold increase in affinity relative to the vancomycin aglycon. Importantly, the amidines display effective dual, balanced binding affinity for both ligands (K(a)2/4 = 0.9-1.05), and they exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against VanA resistant bacteria ( E. faecalis , VanA VRE) at a level accurately reflecting these binding characteristics (MIC = 0.3-0.6 μg/mL), charting a rational approach forward in the development of antibiotics for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant bacterial infections. In sharp contrast, 8 and related residue 4 thioamides failed to bind either 2 or 4 to any appreciable extent, do not exhibit antimicrobial activity, and serve to further underscore the remarkable behavior of the residue 4 amidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xie
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Akinori Okano
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Joshua G. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Robert C. James
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Simon Stamm
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Christine M. Crane
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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12
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Sarabia F, Chammaa S, García-Ruiz C. Solid Phase Synthesis of Globomycin and SF-1902 A5. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2132-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1025145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sarabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Samy Chammaa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Ruiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071, Malaga, Spain
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13
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Dufour J, Neuville L, Zhu J. Intramolecular Suzuki-Miyaura reaction for the total synthesis of signal peptidase inhibitors, arylomycins A(2) and B(2). Chemistry 2010; 16:10523-34. [PMID: 20658499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Development of the total syntheses of arylomycins A(1) and B(2) is detailed. Key features of our approach include 1) formation of 14-membered meta,meta-cyclophane by an intramolecular Suzuki-Miyaura reaction; 2) incorporation of N-Me-4-hydroxyphenylglycine into the cyclization precursor, which avoids the late-stage low-yielding N-methylation step; 3) segment coupling of a fully elaborated peptide side chain to the macrocycle, which makes the synthesis highly convergent. Overall, arylomycin A(2) was obtained in 13 steps from L-Tyr for the longest linear sequence, in 13 % overall yield. Arylomycin B(2) was synthesized in 10 steps from L-3-nitro-Tyr, in 10 % overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Dufour
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 1, avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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14
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Crane CM, Pierce JG, Leung SSF, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen WL, Boger DL. Synthesis and evaluation of selected key methyl ether derivatives of vancomycin aglycon. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7229-35. [PMID: 20853900 DOI: 10.1021/jm100946e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A select series of methyl ether derivatives of vancomcyin aglycon were prepared and examined for antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci faecalis as well as their binding affinity for D-Ala-D-Ala and D-Ala-D-Lac. The intent of the study was to elucidate the role selected key methyl groups may play in the improvement of the in vitro antimicrobial profile of the tetra methyl ether derivative of vancomycin aglycon against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci faecalis previously reported. In these studies, methodology for selective derivatization of the A-, B-, and D-ring was developed that defines the relative reactivity of the four phenols of vancomycin aglycon, providing a foundation for future efforts for site-directed modification of the vancomycin aglycon core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Crane
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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15
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Crane CM, Boger DL. Synthesis and evaluation of vancomycin aglycon analogues that bear modifications in the N-terminal D-leucyl amino acid. J Med Chem 2010; 52:1471-6. [PMID: 19209892 DOI: 10.1021/jm801549b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of vancomycin aglycon analogues bearing alternative residue 1 N-methyl-D-amino acids are described. The analogues were prepared to define whether H-bonding d-amino acids could improve the affinity for the model ligands N,N'-Ac(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala (2) and N,N'-Ac(2)-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Lac (3) and improve antimicrobial activity against vancomycin-sensitive or vancomycin-resistant bacteria. Additionally, a series of analogues with appended nucleophiles (hydrazines and amines) on the residue 1 D-amino acids are described that were examined for their ability to react with the C-terminal ester of 3, forming a covalent attachment of L-Lys-D-Ala to the natural product analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Crane
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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16
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Castilla AM, Morgan Conn M, Ballester P. Synthesis and binding studies of two new macrocyclic receptors for the stereoselective recognition of dipeptides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:5. [PMID: 20485587 PMCID: PMC2870531 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here the design, synthesis, and analysis of a series of receptors for peptide ligands inspired by the hydrogen-bonding pattern of protein β-sheets. The receptors themselves can be regarded as strands 1 and 3 of a three-stranded β-sheet, with cross-linking between the chains through the 4-position of adjacent phenylalanine residues. We also report on the conformational equilibria of these receptors in solution as well as on their tendency to dimerize. 1H NMR titration experiments are used to quantify the dimerization constants, as well as the association constant values of the 1:1 complexes formed between the receptors and a series of diamides and dipeptides. The receptors show moderate levels of selectivity in the molecular recognition of the hydrogen-bonding pattern present in the diamide series, selecting the α-amino acid-related hydrogen-bonding functionality. Only one of the two cyclic receptors shows modest signs of enantioselectivity and moderate diastereoselectivity in the recognition of the enantiomers and diastereoisomers of the Ala-Ala dipeptide (ΔΔG01 (DD-DL) = −1.08 kcal/mol and ΔΔG01 (DD-LD) = −0.89 kcal/mol). Surprisingly, the linear synthetic precursors show higher levels of stereoselectivity than their cyclic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Castilla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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17
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Masson G, Neuville L, Bughin C, Fayol A, Zhu J. Multicomponent Syntheses of Macrocycles. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2010_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Alfonso I, Bolte M, Bru M, Burguete MI, Luis SV, Vicent C. Molecular recognition of N-protected dipeptides by pseudopeptidic macrocycles: a comparative study of the supramolecular complexes by ESI-MS and NMR. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1329-39. [DOI: 10.1039/b924981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Abstract
AbstractThe development of antimicrobial resistance by bacteria is inevitable and is considered as a major problem in the treatment of bacterial infections in the hospital and in the community. Despite efforts to develop new therapeutics that interact with new targets, resistance has been reported even to these agents. In this review, an overview is given of the many therapeutic possibilities that exist for treatment of bacterial infections and how bacteria become resistant to these therapeutics.
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20
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Abstract
Covalent fusion of two artificial recognition motifs for arginine and aspartate resulted in a new class of ditopic RGD receptor molecules, 1-4. The two binding sites for the oppositely charged amino acid residues are linked by either flexible linkers of different length (in 1-3) or a rigid aromatic spacer (in 4). These spacers are shown to be critical for the complexation efficiency of the artificial hosts. If the linkers are too flexible, as in 1-3, an undesired intramolecular self-association occurs within the host and competes with, and thereby weakens, substrate binding. The rigid aromatic linker in 4 prevents any intramolecular self-association and hence efficient RGD binding is observed, even in buffered water (association constant of K(a) approximately 3000 m(-1)). A further increase in hydrophobic contacts, as in host 16, can complement the specific Coulomb attractions, thereby leading to an even more stable complex (Ka=5000 m(-1)). The recognition events have been studied with NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence titrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Schmuck C, Hernandez-Folgado L. Synthesis of a new artificial host for the binding of dipeptides in water. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2390-4. [PMID: 17637958 DOI: 10.1039/b707873k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An artificial peptide receptor was prepared by a simple procedure. Initial binding studies (UV titrations) in buffered water showed preferential complexation of N-acetyl-dipeptide carboxylates containing alanine in the C-terminal position in comparison with simple amino acids, other dipeptides and two tripeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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22
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Schmuck C, Rupprecht D, Wienand W. Sequence-Dependent Binding of Dipeptides by an Artificial Receptor in Water. Chemistry 2006; 12:9186-95. [PMID: 16969772 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An artificial dipeptide receptor (1) was designed and observed to bind the deprotonated dipeptide Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala-OH in buffered water with K = 33,100 M(-1), whereas other dipeptides such as Ac-Gly-Gly-OH or Ac-D-Val-D-Val-OH were bound less efficiently, by factors of more than 10 (K < 3000 M(-1)). The efficient binding and the pronounced sequence selectivity are the result of a combination of strong electrostatic contacts and size-discriminating hydrophobic interactions. To provide such a combination, a guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole cation was attached to a novel cyclotribenzylene-substituted alanine derivative 5, to provide a hydrophobic bowl-shaped cavity just large enough to bind a methyl group but not any larger alkyl chains, thus causing the receptor to prefer alanine to valine. We describe the synthesis of 1 and the evaluation of its complexation properties in UV and fluorescence titration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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24
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Jia Y, Bois-Choussy M, Malabarba A, Brunati C, Zhu J. Importance of the Structure of Vancomycin Binding Pocket in Designing Compounds Active Against Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006; 59:543-52. [PMID: 17136887 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2006.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
16-Membered meta, para-cyclophanes mimicking the vancomycin binding pocket (D-O-E ring) are designed and synthesized. The structural features of these biaryl ether containing macrocycles are: a) the deletion of the carboxyl group of vancomycin's central amino acid (amino acid D); b) the elongation of the N-terminal; c) the presence of lipidated aminoglucose at the D-ring. Cycloetherification by way of an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (S(N)Ar) is used as a key step for the construction of the macrocycle. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for all of the derivatives are measured using a standard microdilution assay. Compounds 2a-2c and 3a-3c displayed weak activities against resistant strain Enterococcus faecalis L560 and were inactive against Enterococcus faecium resistant strain L2215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Jia
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur- Yvette Cedex, France.
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25
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Jia Y, Ma N, Liu Z, Bois-Choussy M, Gonzalez-Zamora E, Malabarba A, Brunati C, Zhu J. Design and Synthesis of Simple Macrocycles Active Against Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococci (VRE). Chemistry 2006; 12:5334-51. [PMID: 16634107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
16-membered meta,para-cyclophanes mimicking the vancomycin binding pocket (D-O-E ring) were designed and synthesized. The structural key features of these biaryl ether containing macrocycles are (1) the presence of beta-amino-alpha-hydroxy acid or alpha,beta-diamino acid as the C-terminal component of the cyclopeptide and (2) the presence of a hydrophobic chain or lipidated aminoglucose at the appropriate position. Cycloetherification by an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (S(N)Ar) is used as the key step for the construction of the macrocycle. The atropselectivity of this ring-closure reaction is found to be sensitive to the peptide backbone and chemoselective cyclization (phenol versus primary amine) is achievable. Glycosylation of phenol was realized with freshly prepared 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-N-lauroyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide under phase-transfer conditions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for all of the derivatives are measured by using a standard microdilution assay, and potent bioactivities against both sensitive and resistant strains are found for some of these compounds (MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) = 4 microg mL(-1) against VRE). From these preliminary SAR studies, it was anticipated that both the presence of a hydrophobic substituent and an appropriate structure of the macrocycle were required for this series of compounds to be active against VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Jia
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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26
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Crowley BM, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of [Psi[CH2NH]Tpg4]vancomycin aglycon: reengineering vancomycin for dual D-Ala-D-Ala and D-Ala-D-Lac binding. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2885-92. [PMID: 16506767 PMCID: PMC2586002 DOI: 10.1021/ja0572912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An effective synthesis of [Psi[CH(2)NH]Tpg(4)]vancomycin aglycon (5) is detailed in which the residue 4 amide carbonyl of vancomycin aglycon has been replaced with a methylene. This removal of a single atom was conducted to enhance binding to D-Ala-D-Lac, countering resistance endowed to bacteria that remodel their D-Ala-D-Ala peptidoglycan cell wall precursor by a similar single atom change (ester O for amide NH). Key elements of the approach include a synthesis of the modified vancomycin ABCD ring system featuring a reductive amination coupling of residues 4 and 5 for installation of the deep-seated amide modification, the first of two diaryl ether closures for formation of the modified CD ring system (76%, 2.5-3:1 kinetic atropodiastereoselectivity), a Suzuki coupling for installation of the hindered AB biaryl bond (90%) on which the atropisomer stereochemistry could be thermally adjusted, and a macrolactamization closure of the AB ring system (70%). Subsequent DE ring system introduction enlisted a room-temperature aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction for formation of the remaining diaryl ether (86%, 6-7:1 kinetic atropodiastereoselectivity), completing the carbon skeleton of 5. Consistent with expectations and relative to the vancomycin aglycon, 5 exhibited a 40-fold increase in affinity for D-Ala-D-Lac (K(a) = 5.2 x 10(3) M(-1)) and a 35-fold reduction in affinity for D-Ala-D-Ala (K(a) = 4.8 x 10(3) M(-1)), providing a glycopeptide analogue with balanced, dual binding characteristics. Beautifully, 5 exhibited antimicrobial activity (MIC = 31 microg/mL) against a VanA-resistant organism that remodels its D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursor to d-Ala-d-Lac upon glycopeptide antibiotic challenge, displaying a potency that reflects these binding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Welzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Schmuck C, Heil M. One-Armed Artificial Receptors for the Binding of Polar Tetrapeptides in Water: Probing the Substrate Selectivity of a Combinatorial Receptor Library. Chemistry 2006; 12:1339-48. [PMID: 16315202 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have recently developed a new class of one-armed artificial receptors 1 for the binding of the polar tetrapeptide N-Ac-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala-OH (EKAA) 2 in water using a combined combinatorial and statistical approach. We have now further probed the substrate selectivity of this receptor library 1 by screening a second tetrapeptide substrate (3) with the inverse sequence N-Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala-L-Lys-D-Glu-OH (AAKE). This "inverse" substrate is also efficiently bound by our receptors, with K(ass) approximately 6000 M(-1) for the best receptors, as determined both by a quantitative on-bead binding assay and by UV and fluorescence titration studies in free solution. Hence, the inverse tetrapeptide 3 is in general bound two to three times less efficiently than the "normal" peptide 2 (K(ass) approximately 17,000 M(-1)), even though the complexation mainly involves long-range electrostatic interactions and both the receptor and substrate are rather flexible. Molecular modeling and ab initio calculations have been used to rationalize the observed substrate selectivity and to analyze the various binding interactions within the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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29
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30
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31
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Sarabia F, Martín-Ortiz L. Synthetic studies on nucleoside-type muraymycins antibiotics based on the use of sulfur ylides. Synthesis of bioactive 5′-epimuraymycin analogues. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Schmuck C, Heil M, Scheiber J, Baumann K. Ladungswechselwirkungen machen es möglich: ein kombinierter statistischer und kombinatorischer Ansatz zur Auffindung künstlicher Rezeptoren für die Bindung von Tetrapeptiden in Wasser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Schmuck C, Heil M, Scheiber J, Baumann K. Charge Interactions Do the Job: A Combined Statistical and Combinatorial Approach to Finding Artificial Receptors for Binding Tetrapeptides in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7208-12. [PMID: 16231382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmuck
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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34
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Jia Y, Gonzalez-Zamora E, Ma N, Liu Z, Bois-Choussy M, Malabarba A, Brunati C, Zhu J. Identification of synthetic compounds active against VRE: the role of the lipidated aminoglucose and the structure of glycopeptide binding pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4594-9. [PMID: 16099650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 06/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A modified vancomycin binding pocket (D-O-E ring) incorporating an alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino acid at the AA4 position is designed and synthesized. Some of these compounds display potent bioactivities against both sensitive- and resistant-strains (8 microg/ml against VREF). Both the lipidated aminoglucose and the structure of the 16-membered macrocycle are found to be important for the anti-VRE activities. The polyamine appendage at the C-terminal, on the other hand, improved the activity against vancomycin-sensitive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Jia
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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35
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36
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Ma N, Jia Y, Liu Z, Gonzalez-Zamora E, Bois-Choussy M, Malabarba A, Brunati C, Zhu J. Design and synthesis of macrocycles active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE): the interplay between d-Ala-d-Lac binding and hydrophobic effect. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:743-6. [PMID: 15664849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modified vancomycin binding pocket (D-O-E ring) incorporating a CHNHCOR function at the AA4 position is designed and synthesized. Potent bioactivities against both sensitive- and resistant-strain are found for some of these compounds (MIC 4 microg/mL against VREF). From this preliminary SAR studies, it was speculated that the D-Ala-D-Ala binding was required for this series of compounds since the corresponding des-leucine derivative is inactive. The presence of long aliphatic chain was important for the desired activities and such hydrophobic effect is specific as no beneficial effect is observed when the same aliphatic chain was attached to the other part of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianchun Ma
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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37
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Sarabia F, Martín-Ortiz L, López-Herrera FJ. A Convergent Synthetic Approach to the Nucleoside-Type Liposidomycin Antibiotics. Org Lett 2003; 5:3927-30. [PMID: 14535745 DOI: 10.1021/ol0355074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A synthetic approach toward the liposidomycins, a family of complex nucleoside-type antibiotics, is reported based on the synthesis of epoxy-amides derived from the reaction of sulfur ylides with the uridyl aldehyde derivative 6. To this end, the epoxy-amide derivative of indoline 14 was stereoselectively prepared and, after treatment with DDQ, transformed into the corresponding N-indole epoxyamide 15. The indole 15 provides ready access to a variety of structures related to the diazepanone core present in the liposidomycins by reaction with a variety of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sarabia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain.
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38
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Bister B, Bischoff D, Nicholson GJ, Stockert S, Wink J, Brunati C, Donadio S, Pelzer S, Wohlleben W, Süssmuth RD. Bromobalhimycin and chlorobromobalhimycins--illuminating the potential of halogenases in glycopeptide antibiotic biosyntheses. Chembiochem 2003; 4:658-62. [PMID: 12851938 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Bister
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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