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Xu H, Ma X, Wang J, Chen X, Zou Q, Ban J. Exploring the state and influential factors of dental caries in preschool children aged 3-6 years in Xingtai City. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:951. [PMID: 39152370 PMCID: PMC11328377 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the main factors affecting early dental caries among preschool children aged 3-6 years in Xingtai City to formulate effective preventive measures. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 570 preschool children aged 3-6 years in Xingtai City through questionnaire surveys and oral examinations to understand their dental caries situation. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the main influencing factors for the occurrence of dental caries in preschool children. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in age (χ2 = 2.636, p = 0.008), father's education level (χ2 = 4.207, p < 0.001), mother's education level (χ2 = 4.217, p < 0.001), daily tooth brushing frequency (χ2 = 3.160, p = 0.002), age of starting tooth brushing (χ2 = 8.756, p < 0.001), mouth rinsing after meals (χ2 = 89.401, p < 0.001), Streptococcus mutans positivity (χ2 = 133.503, p < 0.001), non-sweet snack consumption frequency (χ2 = 5.962, p < 0.001), snack flavour preference (χ2 = 116.119, p < 0.001), use of fluoridated toothpaste (χ2 = 75.639, p < 0.001), regular oral examinations (χ2 = 98.711, p < 0.001), sugary drink consumption frequency (χ2 = 10.370, p < 0.001) and sweet food consumption frequency (χ2 = 9.261, p < 0.001) between the caries and non-caries groups. Multifactorial analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio [OR] = 5.342, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.434-6.631), later initiation of tooth brushing (OR = 3.244, 95% CI: 2.413-5.424), S. mutans positivity (OR = 5.357, 95% CI: 4.529-8.563), high snack consumption frequency (OR = 3.452, 95% CI: 2.634-5.442), high sugary drink consumption frequency (OR = 4.414, 95% CI: 2.534-6.451) and high sweet food consumption frequency (OR = 4.531, 95% CI: 3.421-6.354) were risk factors for dental caries. Higher father's educational level (OR = 0.724, 95% CI: 0.564-0.891), higher mother's educational level (OR = 0.641, 95% CI: 0.601-0.813), high daily tooth brushing frequency (OR = 0.572, 95% CI: 0.423-0.864), mouth rinsing after meals (OR = 0.743, 95% CI: 0.643-0.813), use of fluoridated toothpaste (OR = 0.657, 95% CI: 0.553-0.931) and regular oral examinations (OR = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.352-0.747) were protective factors against dental caries (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Multiple factors result in early dental caries in preschool children aged 3-6 years; however, the most influential factors are older age and high snack consumption, as well as high sugary and sweet food/drink consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolan Ma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, Hebei, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebei Eye Hospital, Xingtai, 054001, China
| | - Xuefang Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, Hebei, China
| | - Jiandong Ban
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hebei Eye Hospital, 399 East Quanbei Street, Xingtai, 054001, Hebei, China.
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Gisour EF, Jahanimoghadam F, Aftabi R. Comparison of the clinical performance of self-adhering flowable composite and resin-based pit and fissure sealant: a randomized clinical trial in pediatric patients. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:943. [PMID: 39143632 PMCID: PMC11325582 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-adhering flowable composites are an innovative step in reducing the chair time of pit and fissure sealant treatment. This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of self-adhering flowable composite (SELF-ADH) and resin-based pit and fissure sealant (RBs). METHODS This is a double-blinded, randomized, split-mouth clinical trial conducted on 80 fully erupted permanent mandibular first molars from 40 children aged 6 to 12 years. For each participant, two permanent molars were randomly treated with SELF-ADH or RB. All sealants were assessed at 3, 6, and 12-month follow-ups considering retention, marginal integrity, marginal discolouration, colour matching, surface texture, and caries recurrence. To analyse the data, logistic regression and Fisher's exact tests were used (significance level P < 0.05). RESULTS At the 12-month follow-up, the number of fully retained sealants in the SELF-ADH group was significantly higher than that in the RB group (P < 0.001). Also, The success rate of marginal integrity in the SELF-ADH group was significantly greater than the the RB group (P = 0.031), while the rate of sealant marginal discolouration was higher in the RB group (P < 0.001). The incidence of recurrent caries in teeth with partial loss of sealant in both groups (P = 0.004, P < 0.001) increased significantly over time. CONCLUSION The retention and marginal integrity of the self-adhering flowable composite were significantly greater than those of the resin-based sealant. Therefore, due to the small number of work steps, flowable self-adhering composites can be used as alternatives to resin-based pit and fissure sealants. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences with the code IR.KMU.REC.1399.556 and Iraninan Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) code IRCT20180521039763N4, as well as full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Farokh Gisour
- Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahanimoghadam
- Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reyhaneh Aftabi
- Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Zhu J, Zhu L, Deng X, Ma L, Jin C, Huang C. Evaluation of direct restorations for pit-and-fissure caries using stamp combined with single-shade composite resin technique: A 12-month follow-up in vivo study. J Dent 2024; 149:105277. [PMID: 39089667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical performance of direct restorations for pit-and-fissure caries in molars using stamp combined with single-shade composite resin (S/SCR) technique, and assess the effect of the number of stamp pressing on the trueness of S/SCR technique. METHODS Twenty molars of fifteen patients with pit-and-fissure caries but with an intact or micro-cavitated occlusal morphology were restored using S/SCR technique and were randomly divided into single pressing group (n = 10) and double pressing group (n = 10). Intraoral scans were obtained before treatment (scan 1), after filling (scan 2) and after polishing (scan 3). Deviation distribution maps of pairwise fitting were created including comparison 1 (scan1/scan 2), comparison 2 (scan1/scan 3), and comparison 3 (scan2/scan 3) using Geomagic Control X software. Root mean square (RMS) values were calculated to evaluate the trueness of restorations. Clinical performances including esthetic, functional, and biological properties of all restorations were evaluated according to FDI criteria after a 12-month follow-up. Analysis of variance, independent-samples T test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for statistical analysis (α=0.05). RESULTS RMS values for comparison 1, comparison 2, and comparison 3 were 0.1243 ± 0.0151, 0.0966 ± 0.0136, and 0.0605 ± 0.0137 mm in single pressing group, while 0.0831 ± 0.0140, 0.0741 ± 0.0107, and 0.0475 ± 0.0099 mm in double pressing group, respectively. RMS value of single pressing group was higher than that of double pressing group in the same comparison (p ≤ 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding esthetic, functional and biological properties (p > 0.05). For all properties, all restorations scored within 3, with over 80% scoring 1. CONCLUSION S/SCR technique presents satisfying clinical performances for pit-and-fissure caries in molars after a 12-month follow-up. Besides, double pressing can improve the trueness of restorations compared to single pressing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE S/SCR technique is efficient in direct composite resin restoration for pit-and-fissure caries, with satisfying esthetic, functional and biological properties after a 12-month follow-up. Significantly, double pressing improves the trueness of S/SCR technique, reducing the need for occlusion adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Lichan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xianfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Liya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chunxiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Cui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, #237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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Sesiashvilli E, Ratnaweera PM, Zagreanu C. Micro-tensile bond strength of two pit and fissure sealants to intact enamel. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28324. [PMID: 38571654 PMCID: PMC10987996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sealing dental pits and fissures with resin-based sealants effectively prevents occlusal dental caries. The effectiveness of resin-based pit and fissure sealants relies on maintaining a strong bond between the sealant and the enamel. Objective This in-vitro study compared the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of a conventional resin-based sealant (Clinpro™) and a hydrophilic resin-based sealant (Embrace™ WetBond™) when applied to intact, aprismatic human enamel. Methods Forty extracted permanent premolar and molar teeth were divided into two groups and paired by tightly approximating two buccal surfaces to create an artificial enamel groove (fissure). Fissure sealants (Clinpro™ and Embrace™ WetBond™) were applied to the artificial enamel 'grooves' in each group. The specimens were then cut into beams with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2 and tested for the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS). Fractured surfaces of samples were examined under a conventional microscope to identify the failure modes. Two specimens from each group were prepared and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mann-Whitney U and Fischer-Freeman-Holton exact tests were used to test the statistical differences between the fissure sealants. Results The μTBS mean ± SD for Clinpro™ was 16.43 ± 7.08, and 10.57 ± 6.64 for Embrace™ WetBond™. There was a statistically significant difference in μTBS between Embrace™ WetBond™ and Clinpro™ (p < 0.001). There was no association between fissure sealant and failure modes (p = 0.922). Conclusion Clinpro™ showed higher μTBS to enamel than Embrace™ WetBond™. Further studies are needed to conclude the clinical effectiveness of these sealants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erekle Sesiashvilli
- School of Clinical Sciences, AUT, 90 Akoranga Drive, Northcote, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
| | | | - Claudia Zagreanu
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 90 Akoranga Drive, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
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Tianviwat S, Pokawattana K, Thitasomakul S. Safety and effectiveness of an innosvative SS-suction device to control moisture in dental procedures. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18129. [PMID: 37496924 PMCID: PMC10366434 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of moisture is critical for retention of sealants, which can reduce the incidence of caries in high-risk groups. OBJECTIVES We investigated the safety and efficacy of the novel SS-suction device in the laboratory and a small clinical trial in children aged 6 to 8-years-old. METHODS First, a laboratory test of 52 SS-suction devices was conducted to determine the pressure generated by the chin plate to maintain suction at different intervals and to determine the pressure resistance of the spring to maintain suction in a child's mouth. Second, 12 healthy children with sound lower molars participated in a clinical trial of the use of SS-suction during sealant application. RESULTS The laboratory test showed that when pressed to the maximum distance of 25 mm, the chin plate produced a pressure of 247.5 ± 116.6 mmHg. At this pressure, the SS-suction could be used safely for up to 120 min without damaging the soft tissues. In the clinical study, the dentists inserted and removed the SS-suction in 7.80 ± 2.48 s. The range by which the chin plate was pressed down varied between 0 and 13 mm. The highest pressure on the skin was 120 mmHg (at 13 mm) and the device effectively maintained suction and effectively removed water and saliva. The time required to apply sealant was 7.01 ± 2.26 min. CONCLUSIONS The SS-suction is a safe, effective device for two-handed application of sealants in children, with no negative side effects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate the unique SS-suction device can quickly drain water and saliva to help dentists treat young patients using a two-handed approach; this device provides good control of moisture during sealant application. The device prevents the tongue and cheeks from interfering with the operation area, reduces tension, and does not require a dental assistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Tianviwat
- Evidence-Based Dentistry for Oral Health Care and Promotion Phase II Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kan Pokawattana
- Residency Training Program in Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Songchai Thitasomakul
- Evidence-Based Dentistry for Oral Health Care and Promotion Phase II Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Clinical performance of a new fissure sealant-results from a 2-year randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5471-5480. [PMID: 35499655 PMCID: PMC9381488 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to explore the clinical survival of a new, Bis-GMA-free pit and fissure sealant (Helioseal F Plus) in comparison to an established control material (Helioseal F). Material and methods This in vivo study was designed as a prospective, 2-year, two-centre RCT with a split-mouth design. The initial study population consisted of 92 adolescents who were followed up 1 month (N = 89), 6 months (N = 88), 1 year (N = 85) and 2 years (N = 82) after sealant application. The attrition rate was 10.9% after 2 years. At each examination, the sealant retention and presence of caries were recorded. The statistical analysis included the calculation of Kaplan–Meier survival curves, log-rank tests and a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results No adverse events during the application or any of the follow-up visits were documented. The proportion of completely intact sealants and those with minimal loss was almost identical in both groups at 85.9% (Helioseal F Plus) and 86.5% Helioseal F) after 2 years of observation. The regression analysis revealed operator dependency; no significant differences were found between the materials, the study centres, the chosen isolation technique and patient age or sex. Conclusion The newly developed sealant can be evaluated as at least equivalent in terms of survival and retention behaviour compared to the established control material. Clinical relevance The new sealant can be recommended for clinical use. With respect to the material properties (Bis-GMA-free, less light polymerisation time and better thixotropic behaviour), it offers additional advantages with clinical relevance.
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Mézquita-Rodrigo I, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Moyaho-Bernal MA, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, Rubio-Rosas E, Contreras-Bulnes R. Using self-etch adhesive agents with pit and fissure sealants. In vitro analysis of shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index and enamel etching patterns. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 23:233-241. [PMID: 34365570 PMCID: PMC8349235 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro, the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of pit and fissure sealants (PFS) after enamel conditioning with different new-generation self-etching (SE) agents; additionally, enamel etching patterns were assessed. Methods Healthy unerupted third molars surgically removed for therapeutic reasons (n = 25p/g), were randomly assigned to six groups. Conventional etching (CE) or SE was applied prior to pit and fissure sealants bonding. Enamel conditioned surfaces were evaluated by SEM at × 500, × 1000, and × 2000 magnification to determine etching patterns. Subsequently, 25 PFS blocks (3 × 2 × 1.5 mm) p/g were bonded to enamel surface. Samples were stored in water at 37 °C for 24 h, previous to SBS and ARI test. One-way ANOVA and Tamhane statistic tests were used for SBS; while Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis were employed for ARI (p ≤ 0.05). Results For SBS test, CE_PFS_3M and SE1_PFS_Shofu groups showed the lowest values (8.74 ± 4.02 and 8.75 ± 3.90, respectively). The highest scores were observed in SE_PFS_Kuraray group (13.46 ± 5.83). Significant differences in SBS and ARI assessments were found. All experimental groups showed type 1 etching pattern. Conclusion The etching pattern was less pronounced in self-etching groups, which showed an equal or superior in vitro performance compared to conventional etching agents. The clinical use of self-etching agents could be recommended before pit and fissure sealants application in new dental protocols. The best in vitro performance was observed when both applied materials, self-etching agent and pit and fissure sealant have 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate in their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mézquita-Rodrigo
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad Estado de México, 50130, Toluca, CP, México
| | - R J Scougall-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad Estado de México, 50130, Toluca, CP, México
| | - M A Moyaho-Bernal
- Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. Manuel Espinosa Yglesias 31 Pte. 1304, Col. Los Volcanes, 72570, Puebla, CP, México
| | - L E Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad Estado de México, 50130, Toluca, CP, México
| | - E Rubio-Rosas
- Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, CP, México
| | - R Contreras-Bulnes
- Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza Esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. Universidad Estado de México, 50130, Toluca, CP, México.
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Baik A, Alamoudi N, El-Housseiny A, Altuwirqi A. Fluoride Varnishes for Preventing Occlusal Dental Caries: A Review. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:64. [PMID: 34204978 PMCID: PMC8229232 DOI: 10.3390/dj9060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries are most likely to occur on occlusal surfaces from the early eruptive stages of the tooth. In children, about 80% to 90% of dental caries are occlusal caries. Different preventive modalities are used to prevent occlusal caries. One of the methods used for occlusal caries prevention is fluoride varnish. A vast number of clinical trials have evaluated several types of sealant material and fluoride varnish to assess their ability to prevent occlusal caries in both primary and permanent dentition. The purpose of the current study was to provide an updated overview of the development, composition, mechanism of action, application, and safety of fluoride varnish, as well as its effect on occlusal caries prevention. This review of recently published studies on fluoride varnish and its effect on occlusal caries prevention shows that in children at moderate to high risk of caries, fluoride varnishes prevent occlusal caries. Both resin-based fissure sealants and fluoride varnish are effective for occlusal caries prevention for first-permanent molars. However, it was not possible to identify which one has the best effect. It is recommend that fluoride varnish is applied for children at high risk of caries two to four times per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Baik
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Najlaa Alamoudi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azza El-Housseiny
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Amani Altuwirqi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Canga M, Malagnino G, Malagnino VA, Malagnino I. Effectiveness of Sealants Treatment in Permanent Molars: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:41-45. [PMID: 34326582 PMCID: PMC8311774 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study gives a clear result about sealants treatment in preventing dental caries manifestation and reducing its prevalence in children aged 6-11 years old. Aim and objective This study aims to compare and evaluate the progress of dental caries in the first and second permanent molars and also to evaluate, within a period of 24 months, the clinical effects of dental sealants, used in the treatment of occlusive cavities, among children 6-11 years old. Materials and methods Participants: The overall sample was composed of 120 children, to whom we randomly chose 480 posterior teeth, which were divided into two groups. Intervention: The first group was the control group with 240 untreated teeth, while the second group had an equal number of teeth, which underwent the sealant treatment. The study participants were evaluated within the periods 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The study participants were checked every 6 months. Basic design: This observational, analytical, and descriptive research was designed as a longitudinal study. The study started in January 2019 and ended in January 2020. The study was conducted in five dental clinics in the city of Vlore, Albania. Results After 24 months of observation, we noticed that the number of dental caries in the untreated group is three times higher than the number of dental caries in the treated group. In the group of teeth treated with sealant, 189 (78.8%) teeth remained unaffected by dental caries. The present study showed that there is a significant correlation between period and caries manifestation (p < 0.05). It also proved that sealant treatment is an important measure and it is highly significant in the caries reduction (p = 0.000). Conclusion This study proved that sealant treatment is highly successful in reducing dental caries. In the future, it is worthwhile to go further in this research. Clinical significance Dental caries is a problem in children aged 6-11 years old and not only. That is why this study recommends that sealants treatment should be used to prevent and reduce the prevalence of dental caries. How to cite this article Canga M, Malagnino G, Malagnino VA, et al. Effectiveness of Sealants Treatment in Permanent Molars: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):41-45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimoza Canga
- Department of Public Health, University of Vlora, Albania
| | - Giulia Malagnino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "Gabriele D'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Irene Malagnino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "Gabriele D'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy
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Does the Registered Dentists' Program Alleviate the Socioeconomic Gap in the Use of Dental Sealants? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217828. [PMID: 33114677 PMCID: PMC7662614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many countries provide preventive dental care for children to reduce inequalities. In Korea, the registered dentists' program was implemented to promote oral health and prevent oral diseases in primary school students. This study aimed to evaluate the registered dentist program through the sealant utilization rate using national cohort data and to compare the socioeconomic gap of the cohorts by participation. The sample cohort data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service (NHISS) in South Korea. The utilization of dental sealants was analyzed using the chi-square test according to the independent variables of each year. To identify the independent effects of participation in the registered dentists' program, a panel logistic regression analysis of the utilization of dental sealants was performed. The participants were 1.35 times more likely to have dental sealants than non-participants. The significance of income quintiles disappeared in the case groups. The gap became more obvious in the employees of the control group even after adjusting for all variables. Implementing oral health programs can alleviate inequality with a relative increase in utilization in vulnerable populations.
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General dental practitioners' approach to caries prevention in high-caries-risk children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 22:187-193. [PMID: 32572857 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the advice and preventive care provided by General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) to high-caries-risk children in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional study using an open-ended questionnaire. GDPs were presented with a high-caries-risk child scenario and asked regarding: (1) oral hygiene and dietary advice they would give; (2) preventive-care they would offer; (3) barriers they face in prevention delivery. Answers were compared to an evidence-based guideline. Data were input into SPSS-20 and analysed using descriptive statistics and frequencies. Chi-square test was used to compare results by age, gender, practice location and type. RESULTS One-hundred and sixty GDPs were approached and 128 agreed to participate (80%), of whom 87 (69%) were female. The average age was 31 years [range 22-50]. Sixty-nine percent practiced in the capital, Amman. Sixty-five percent gave advice on tooth-brushing frequency, but only 23% suggested brushing at bed-time and 24% recommended parental supervision. None provided advice on toothpaste fluoride content. Seventy-one percent advised reducing sugary-food amounts, but only 21% focused on frequency and 2% suggested using diet diaries. Most knew about fissure-sealants (77%) and fluoride-varnish (80%). Forty-two percent reported barriers to delivering preventive-care, including parental attitudes (36%), child cooperation (30%), financial reward (19%), and training (6%). Participants practicing outside of the capital were less likely to use fluoride-varnish [P = 0.002] and more likely to report barriers [P = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Advice delivered by GDPs to high-caries-risk children in Jordan does not meet the standards of an evidence-based guideline. Future initiatives for oral-health-promotion should aim to address the barriers reported, especially outside the capital.
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Imataki R, Shinonaga Y, Nishimura T, Abe Y, Arita K. Mechanical and Functional Properties of a Novel Apatite-Ionomer Cement for Prevention and Remineralization of Dental Caries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3998. [PMID: 31810251 PMCID: PMC6926968 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Especially in pediatric dentistry, prevention by the control of initial lesions prior to cavitation is very important, and application of a pit and fissure sealant is essential to achieve this. Numerous reports have suggested that resin-based sealants are inferior to sealants based on glass-ionomer cement (GIC), because of GIC's many advantages, such as fluoride ion release properties and its good adhesion to tooth structures. However, the use of GIC is impeded due to its low flexural strength and fracture toughness. In this paper, we developed and characterized an apatite-ionomer cement (AIC) that incorporates hydroxyapatite (HAp) into the GIC; this development was aimed at not only reinforcing the flexural and compressive strength but also improving some functional properties for the creation of the material suitable for sealant. We examined the influence of differences in the compounding conditions of GIC powder, liquid, and HAp on flexural and compressive strengths, fracture toughness, fluoride ion release property, shear bond strength to bovine enamel, surface pH of setting cements, and acid buffer capability. These methods were aimed at elucidating the reaction mechanism of porous spherical-shaped HAp (HApS) in AIC. The following observations were deduced. (1) HAp can improve the mechanical strengths of AIC by strengthening the cement matrix. (2) The functional properties of AIC, such as acid buffer capability, improved by increasing the releasing amounts of various ions including fluoride ions. The novel AIC developed in this study is a clinically effective dental material for prevention and remineralization of tooth and initial carious lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Imataki
- Graduate School of Dentistry (Department of Pediatric Dentistry), Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Yukari Shinonaga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Takako Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Yoko Abe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Kenji Arita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.A.); (K.A.)
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Khalili Sadrabad Z, Safari E, Alavi M, Shadkar MM, Hosseini Naghavi SH. Effect of a fluoride-releasing fissure sealant and a conventional fissure sealant on inhibition of primary carious lesions with or without exposure to fluoride-containing toothpaste. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:147-152. [PMID: 31592311 PMCID: PMC6773923 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Fluoride-releasing capacity has been added to fissure sealants to benefit from the positive anticariogenic effects of both sealants and fluoride. This comparative research investigated the inhibitory effects of conventional and fluoridereleasing fissure sealants on initial lesions with or without exposure to fluoride toothpaste.
Methods. Cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 24 premolar teeth which were randomly divided into three groups. In the cavities of the first group, a fluoride-releasing fissure sealant and in the second group, a conventional fissure sealant were placed; the third group was left intact. Incipient lesions were produced around the cavities. Each group was divided into two subgroups, which were exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste or artificial saliva. Lesion depths were measured under a polarized light microscope before and after treatment. Changes in lesion depths in the samples were analyzed by SPSS 17.
Results. Initial and final caries depths were significantly lower in the fluoride-releasing fissure sealant group compared to the other groups (P<0.001). The average depths of carious lesions were lower in subgroups exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste than the subgroups exposed to artificial saliva and the difference was significant in the conventional sealant group and the group without sealant (P<0.001); however, the difference between the toothpaste-exposed and saliva-exposed subgroups was not significant in the fluoride-releasing fissure sealant group (P=0.721).
Conclusion. Incorporation of fluoride into the fissure sealants can be effective in the inhibition of dental caries. It seems that fluoride, released from fluoride-releasing sealants, overwhelms the remineralizing capacity of fluoride released from the toothpaste on the same tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khalili Sadrabad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Seyed Hamid Hosseini Naghavi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan Branch), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Improvement of Pit-and-Fissure Sealant Bonding to Enamel with Subpressure Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5070383. [PMID: 31032348 PMCID: PMC6458865 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of subpressure on the shear bond strength (SBS) of 80 specimens with flat enamel surfaces and on AgNO3 microleakage of 40 specimens with flat enamel surfaces and 40 specimens with 1 mm deep cavities before and after thermocycling. The enamel of 168 specimens was grounded to a flat surface. Two types of sealants (E and H) were selected. Sealants were applied to enamel surface (88 specimens, group F) either subjected or not to subpressure. The bonding interfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the SBS was examined using a universal testing machine before and after thermocycling. The failure mode was also analyzed. For the microleakage test, 80 specimens were grouped as group A (original enamel flat surface) and group B (a round cavity of 1 mm in depth) (40 per group). Sealants were applied to the teeth either subjected or not to subpressure. The specimens were submitted to a microleakage protocol with AgNO3 and analyzed before and after thermocycling. Statistical analysis was performed for the data. The results showed that subpressure eliminated voids on the interface between the enamel and sealants and significantly enhanced specimens' SBS. Although thermocycling reduced SBS significantly, specimens under subpressure after thermocycling still showed higher SBS than specimens under nonsubpressure before thermocycling. The subpressure groups showed a lower microleakage level compared to nonsubpressure groups, though thermocycling caused deeper silver infiltration. In addition, different sealants showed no significant effect on the SBS and microleakage performance. Overall, subpressure application improves sealant bonding and retention rate and has potential to prevent secondary caries.
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Shiotsu-Ogura Y, Yoshida A, Kan P, Sasaki H, Toyama T, Izukuri K, Hamada N, Yoshino F. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a plaque disclosing solution on Streptococcus mutans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:252-257. [PMID: 30951867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy with a bactericidal action is called antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT),which is a method of staining an object with a photosensitizing dye and then sterilizing by irradiating the dye at it's excitation wavelength. In this study, we aimed to investigate a caries pathogenic bactericidal method in a site difficult to mechanically remove, by examining aPDT effect on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which is a typical caries pathogenic bacteria by applying the plaque disclosing solution as photosensitizing dye. METHODS The absorption wavelength spectrum of irradiating plaque staining agent phloxine B (PB) was analyzed using UV-vis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photo excitation with blue LED irradiation was measured by electron spin resonance technique. S. mutans was cultured according to a conventional method and the effect of aPDT after PB staining was evaluated by a Colony Forming Unit (CFU). In addition, protein carbonyl (PC), an oxidative stress marker, was also measured by western blotting. RESULTS Singlet oxygen was generated by PB with blue light. As a result of aPDT treatment on S. mutans under this condition, it was recognized that CFU was suppressed dependent on irradiation intensity of blue light. In addition, the expression of PC was enhanced by aPDT. CONCLUSIONS aPDT is demonstrated by staining S. mutans with PB and irradiating blue light used for resin polymerization and tooth bleaching to generate ROS. Therefore, plaque-disclosing solution-based aPDT against S. mutans might represent a new method for cleaning pit and fissure grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Shiotsu-Ogura
- Division of Photomedical Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Division of Photomedical Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Powen Kan
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Toshizo Toyama
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Izukuri
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yoshino
- Division of Photomedical Dentistry, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
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Al-Sabri FA, Ba-Salamah M, El-Marakby AM, Okash S, Ghaleb IH, Abdulrab S. Tooth Decay Prevention: Knowledge and Practices Survey of Dental Students. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:92-95. [PMID: 31571778 PMCID: PMC6749870 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices fissure sealants among undergraduate Saudi dental students. METHODS A modified questionnaire consisted of 24-items was distributed among 226 undergraduate dental students, males and females of different years at Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used for descriptive statistical analyses. RESULTS The response rate was 100%. Most of the respondents were male (60.2) and (39.8%) were female. With regard to the level of study, 20.8% were in the fourth year, 43.8% in the fifth year, and 16.8% were in the sixth year. The respondents showed a sensible level of learning about sealants, with the majority (88%) believed that there is strong scientific evidence about fissure sealants effectiveness and around 90% showed a good understanding of sealant placement instructions. Furthermore, respondents demonstrated inadequate learning about sealants clinical practice. CONCLUSION Despite a high proportion of undergraduate dental students' showed sufficient knowledge about dental sealant, following guidelines and standardized procedures in clinical practice is lacking. The findings suggest an urgent need of dental colleges to additionally and/or update their curriculum regarding fissure sealants to reflect advance dental education that concentrates on evidence-based practice (EBP) in Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health need for regular continuing education courses for the dental professional. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Al-Sabri FA, Ba-Salamah M, et al. Tooth Decay Prevention: Knowledge and Practices Survey of Dental Students. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):92-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad A Al-Sabri
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Mohammed Ba-Salamah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, AL-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sherif Okash
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, AL-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H Ghaleb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, AL-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wells MH. Pit and Fissure Sealants. Pediatr Dent 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-60826-8.00033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arastoo S, Behbudi A, Rakhshan V. In Vitro Microleakage Comparison of Flowable Nanocomposites and Conventional Materials Used in Pit and Fissure Sealant Therapy. Front Dent 2019; 16:21-30. [PMID: 31608333 PMCID: PMC6778612 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i1.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Pit and fissure sealants are recognized as an effective preventive approach in pediatric dentistry. Composite resin is the most commonly used sealant material. Adding nanoparticles to composite resin could result in production of flowable composite with higher mechanical properties and better flowability than previous sealants. This study aimed to compare the microleakage of a flowable nanocomposite and materials conventionally used as pit and fissure sealants. Materials and Methods: A total of 185 extracted mandibular third molar teeth were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=36): flowable nanocomposite, flowable composite, filled sealants, nano-filled sealants, and unfilled sealants. Five teeth were reserved for examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The samples were thermocycled (5–55°C, 1-minute dwell time) for 1000 cycles and immersed in 0.2% fuchsine solution for 24 hours. Teeth were sectioned buccolingually. Microleakage was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of dye penetration and SEM. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Qualitative microleakage assessment showed that flowable composite and nanofilled flowable composite had almost no microleakage (P<0.001). Regarding quantitative scores, the nanofilled flowable composite and unfilled fissure sealant showed the lowest and the highest rate of microleakage, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two flowable composites (P=0.317). Filled resin-based sealant had significantly lower microleakage than unfilled resin-based sealant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Use of flowable and nanofilled flowable composites (but not unfilled resin-based fissure sealant) is recommended for sealing of pits and fissures of molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arastoo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azam Behbudi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Ealla KKR, Kumar AN, Turagam N, Sooraparaju SG, Yerrapothu RMR, Bhaskaran MK. Knowledge Analysis of Pit and Fissure Sealants among the Dental Students of South India. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:508-512. [PMID: 30596041 PMCID: PMC6280565 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_238_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes for pit and fissure sealants among undergraduate Indian dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A modified questionnaire consisting of 24 items was distributed to 280 undergraduate dental students comprising males and females of different years at MNR Dental College, Sangareddy, India. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. The data were computationally tested using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20, IBM SPSS Statistics software for Windows, Armonk, NY, USA. RESULTS With the response rate at 100%, most of the respondents, i.e., 70.4%, were females and the remaining 29.6% were male. Regarding the level of study, 20.8% were in 3rd year, 43.8% in the 4th year, and 16.8% were in 5th year (internship). The respondents showed a reasonable level of knowledge about sealants, mostly being good with the theoretical concepts of the sealants. On the other hand, respondents showed insufficient knowledge about sealants in the clinical practice. CONCLUSION Although a high proportion of undergraduate dental students showed adequate knowledge about dental sealants, there is a lag in putting that knowledge into work during the clinical practice. These findings suggest an urgent need of dental schools to include and/or update their curriculum regarding fissure sealants to reflect modern dental education that concentrates on evidence-based practice in pediatric dentistry and improve the dental health among the future generations by reducing the incidence of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Anoop N. Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Akkikavu, Thrissur, India
| | - Neeraja Turagam
- Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Sujatha Gopal Sooraparaju
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Medak, Telangana, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar Bhaskaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Science, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Fontana M, Gonzalez-Cabezas C. Evidence-Based Dentistry Caries Risk Assessment and Disease Management. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 63:119-128. [PMID: 30447787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to provide a summary of evidence-based recommendations for the assessment of caries risk and management of dental caries. The goal is to help clinicians manage the caries disease process using personalized interventions supported by the best available evidence, taking into account the clinician's expertise and the patient's needs and preferences, to maintain health and preserve tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
Dental caries is endemic in children and adolescents and has significant morbidity. This complex and chronic disease has both genetic and environmental etiologic factors. In children the preponderance of caries affects tooth surfaces with pits and fissures despite these representing only a small portion of the tooth surfaces that are at risk. Pit and fissure sealants are effective in preventing and managing noncavitated caries lesions in these surfaces. A variety of materials are clinically effective, and health care guidelines recommend the use of pit and fissure sealants as part of a comprehensive dental caries prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Timothy Wright
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina, Brauer Hall #7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Xue J, Kannan P, Kumosani TA, Al-Malki AL, Kannan K. Resin-based dental sealants as a source of human exposure to bisphenol analogues, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:35-40. [PMID: 29276977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have examined leaching of bisphenol A (BPA) from dental sealants into saliva, occurrence of BPA, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in dental sealants themselves has not been investigated. In this study, concentrations of eight bisphenol analogues (BPs), BADGE and its derivatives (BADGEs), including BADGE‧H2O, BADGE‧HCl, BADGE‧2H2O, BADGE‧2HCl, and BADGE‧H2O‧HCl, were determined in 70 dental sealants collected from the U.S. market. Of the 70 dental sealants analyzed, 65 contained at least one of the target chemicals measured. BADGE‧2H2O was the most abundant compound, found at concentrations of up to 1780µg/g. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of total BADGEs was 47.8µg/g, which was two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of total BPs (GM: 539ng/g). BPA was found in 46% of the sealants and BADGEs was found in 87% of the sealants analyzed. Majority of the dental sealants analyzed in this study were manufactured in the United States and Korea; no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs between the two countries. An exposure assessment was made based on the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs measured in sealants and their application rates in dentistry. The worst-case exposure scenario with the highest measured concentration of total BPs and BADGEs and application on 8 teeth at 8mg each yielded an estimated daily intake (EDI) of 1670 and 5850ng/kg·bw/day for adults and children, respectively. Although the EDI is below the specific migration limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, dental sealants are a source of exposure to BPs and BADGEs, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Retention rates and caries-preventive effects of two different sealant materials: a randomised clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2018. [PMID: 29524027 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the caries-preventive effect and the retention rates of sealants prepared with a new modified and a high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) in recently erupted first permanent molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six children (224 teeth) were included in a split-mouth randomised clinical trial. All children had their four first permanent molars sealed with either Clinpro XT Varnish (CXT) or Fuji IX GP FAST (FJ). FJ sealants were placed according to the ART protocol. Retention rates and caries-preventive effect of both materials were assessed clinically after 24 months, and survival curves were created according to the Kaplan-Meier method. For sealant retention rates, analyses were performed according to both the traditional method and modified sealant retention categorisation. RESULTS FJ sealants were retained longer in comparison to CXT sealants (p < 0.05), regardless of the categorisation used. In relation to the caries-preventive effect, no statistically significant differences were observed between materials (p = 0.99). Sealants prepared with the high-viscosity GIC according to the ART protocol survived longer than those prepared with the modified GIC, but both materials were equally effective in preventing cavitated dentine lesions over 24 months. CONCLUSION We concluded that GIC-based sealants are effective in preventing dentine caries lesions.
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Winter J, Jablonski-Momeni A, Ladda A, Pieper K. Long-term effect of intensive prevention on dental health of primary school children by socioeconomic status. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:2241-2249. [PMID: 29288402 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children in a German region took part in regular toothbrushing with fluoride gel during their time in primary school after having received a preventive program in kindergarten. The study aimed at determining the dental health of the students as a function of prevention in kindergarten and at school while taking into account their socioeconomic status and other confounders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects were in six groups: groups 1 and 2, intensive prevention in kindergarten with and without fluoride gel at school; groups 3 and 4, basic prevention in kindergarten with and without fluoride gel at school; groups 5 and 6, no organized prevention in kindergarten with and without fluoride gel at school. Two dental examinations were performed for assessing caries experience and calculating caries increment from second grade (7-year-olds) to fourth grade (9-year-olds). A standardized questionnaire was used to record independent variables. To compare caries scores and preventive measures of various subgroups, non-parametric tests and a binary logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS A significant difference was found in the mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth/teeth (DMFT) depending on socioeconomic status (no prevention in kindergarten, fluoride gel at school in children with low SES: DMFT = 0.47 vs. DMFT = 0.18 in children with high SES; p = 0.023). Class-specific differences were no longer visible among children who had taken part in an intensive preventive program combining daily supervised toothbrushing in kindergarten and application of fluoride gel in school. CONCLUSIONS Early prevention, focusing on professionally supported training of toothbrushing in kindergarten and at school, has a positive effect on dental health and is able to reduce class-specific differences in caries distribution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Early training of toothbrushing and fissure sealing of first permanent molars are the most important factors for the dental health of primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Winter
- Department of Paediatric and Community Dentistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Anahita Jablonski-Momeni
- Department of Paediatric and Community Dentistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Pieper
- Department of Paediatric and Community Dentistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
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Ahovuo‐Saloranta A, Forss H, Walsh T, Nordblad A, Mäkelä M, Worthington HV. Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 7:CD001830. [PMID: 28759120 PMCID: PMC6483295 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001830.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental sealants were introduced in the 1960s to help prevent dental caries, mainly in the pits and fissures of occlusal tooth surfaces. Sealants act to prevent bacteria growth that can lead to dental decay. Evidence suggests that fissure sealants are effective in preventing caries in children and adolescents compared to no sealants. Effectiveness may, however, be related to caries incidence level of the population. This is an update of a review published in 2004, 2008 and 2013. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of different types of fissure sealants in preventing caries in occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth in children and adolescents. SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 3 August 2016), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2016, Issue 7), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 3 August 2016), and Embase Ovid (1980 to 3 August 2016). We searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials to 3 August 2016. No restrictions were placed on language or date of publication. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sealants with no sealant or a different type of sealant material for preventing caries of occlusal surfaces of premolar or molar teeth in children and adolescents aged up to 20 years. Studies required at least 12 months follow-up. We excluded studies that compared compomers to resins/composites. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. We presented outcomes for caries or no caries on occlusal surfaces of permanent molar teeth as odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR). We used mean difference (MD) for mean caries increment. All measures were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We conducted meta-analyses using a random-effects model for comparisons where there were more than three trials; otherwise we used the fixed-effect model. We used GRADE methods to assess evidence quality. MAIN RESULTS We included 38 trials that involved a total of 7924 children; seven trials were new for this update (1693 participants). Fifteen trials evaluated the effects of resin-based sealant versus no sealant (3620 participants in 14 studies plus 575 tooth pairs in one study); three trials with evaluated glass ionomer sealant versus no sealant (905 participants); and 24 trials evaluated one type of sealant versus another (4146 participants). Children were aged from 5 to 16 years. Trials rarely reported background exposure to fluoride of trial participants or baseline caries prevalence. Resin-based sealant versus no sealant: second-, third- and fourth-generation resin-based sealants prevented caries in first permanent molars in children aged 5 to 10 years (at 24 months follow-up: OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.19, 7 trials (5 published in the 1970s; 2 in the 2010s), 1548 children randomised, 1322 children evaluated; moderate-quality evidence). If we were to assume that 16% of the control tooth surfaces were decayed during 24 months of follow-up (160 carious teeth per 1000), then applying a resin-based sealant would reduce the proportion of carious surfaces to 5.2% (95% CI 3.13% to 7.37%). Similarly, assuming that 40% of control tooth surfaces were decayed (400 carious teeth per 1000), then applying a resin-based sealant would reduce the proportion of carious surfaces to 6.25% (95% CI 3.84% to 9.63%). If 70% of control tooth surfaces were decayed, there would be 19% decayed surfaces in the sealant group (95% CI 12.3% to 27.2%). This caries-preventive effect was maintained at longer follow-up but evidence quality and quantity was reduced (e.g. at 48 to 54 months of follow-up: OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.28, 4 trials, 482 children evaluated; RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.45, 203 children evaluated). Although studies were generally well conducted, we assessed blinding of outcome assessment for caries at high risk of bias for all trials (blinding of outcome assessment is not possible in sealant studies because outcome assessors can see and identify sealant). Glass ionomer sealant versus no sealant: was evaluated by three studies. Results at 24 months were inconclusive (very low-quality evidence). One sealant versus another sealant: the relative effectiveness of different types of sealants is unknown (very low-quality evidence). We included 24 trials that directly compared two different sealant materials. Comparisons varied in terms of types of sealant assessed, outcome measures chosen and duration of follow-up. Adverse events: only four trials assessed adverse events. No adverse events were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Resin-based sealants applied on occlusal surfaces of permanent molars are effective for preventing caries in children and adolescents. Our review found moderate-quality evidence that resin-based sealants reduced caries by between 11% and 51% compared to no sealant, when measured at 24 months. Similar benefit was seen at timepoints up to 48 months; after longer follow-up, the quantity and quality of evidence was reduced. There was insufficient evidence to judge the effectiveness of glass ionomer sealant or the relative effectiveness of different types of sealants. Information on adverse effects was limited but none occurred where this was reported. Further research with long follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Forss
- Tampere University HospitalDepartment of Oral and Dental DiseasesPO Box 2000TampereFinlandFI‐33521
| | - Tanya Walsh
- The University of ManchesterDivision of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJR Moore BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Anne Nordblad
- Ministry of Social Affairs and HealthHealth DepartmentP.O. Box 33FIN‐00023 GovernmentHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marjukka Mäkelä
- THL (National Institute for Health and Welfare)PO Box 30HelsinkiFinland00271
- University of CopenhagenDepartment of Public HealthCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Helen V Worthington
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of ManchesterCochrane Oral HealthJR Moore BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
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[Access to oral health services in children under twelve years of age in Peru, 2014]. Salud Colect 2017; 12:429-441. [PMID: 28414852 DOI: 10.18294/sc.2016.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the patterns of dental health services access in children under twelve years of age in Peru. Data from 25,285 children under 12 years who participated in the Demographic and Family Health Survey of 2014 were reviewed. An exploratory spatial analysis was performed to project the proportions of children with access to dental health services, according to national regions, type of health service and urban or rural place of residence. The results show that of the total sample, 26.7% had access to dental health services in the last six months, 39.6% belonged to the age group 0-4 years, 40.6% lived in the Andean region and 58.3% lived in urban areas. The regions of Huancavelica, Apurimac, Ayacucho, Lima and Pasco had the highest percentages of access nationwide. In conclusion, there is low access to dental health services in the population under 12 years of age in Peru. The spatial distribution of access to dental health services allows regions to be identified and grouped according to similar access patterns, in order to better focus public health actions.
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Bhushan U, Goswami M. Evaluation of retention of pit and fissure sealants placed with and without air abrasion pretreatment in 6-8 year old children - An in vivo study. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e211-e217. [PMID: 28210438 PMCID: PMC5303320 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of pit and fissure sealants is directly related to their retention. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the retention of pit and fissure sealants placed using acid etch alone and a combination of air abrasion and acid etch techniques. Material and Methods 50 subjects aged 6-8 years were included in the study. Primary second molars and permanent first molars were sealed in all four quadrants using split mouth design. The right maxillary and mandibular molars (Group A) were treated by acid etching alone while the left maxillary and mandibular molars (Group B) were pretreated with air abrasion followed by acid etching before application of pit and fissure sealant. Retention of sealants was checked using Simonsen’s criteria of sealant retention after three and six months of sealant application. Results There was no significant difference in retention of sealants in Group A and Group B (p<0.05) after three and six months follow up. The difference in sealant retention in primary and permanent molars was not significant (p>0.05). Maxillary molars showed superior retention compared to mandibular molars, which was statistically significant at both three and six months (p<0.05). Conclusions Combining air abrasion pretreatment with subsequent acid etching did not result in statistically significant difference in sealant retention compared to acid etching alone in both primary and permanent molars after 3 and 6 months follow up. An additional air abrasion pretreatment step can be avoided in pediatric patients when placing sealants and the procedure can be completed faster with better behavior management using acid etching alone. Key words:Pit and fissure sealant, acid etching, air abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Bhushan
- BDS, Postgraduate student in Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi
| | - Mridula Goswami
- BDS, MDS, Head of the Department & Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi
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Patil RU, Sahu A, Kambalimath HV, Panchakshari BK, Jain M. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Dental Practitioners Pertaining to Preventive Measures in Paediatric Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC71-ZC75. [PMID: 28209009 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22300.9122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevention at primary level is of great value in Paediatric Dentistry. Since use of preventive measures can prevent future complications, dental professionals share an important responsibility toward early screening, prompt referral and treatment and this knowledge must transfer into the practice of dentistry. AIM To evaluate Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among dental practitioners in Bhopal city (central part of India) pertaining to sealants, topical fluorides usage and orthodontic consideration in paediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 20-item self-administered, closed ended, structured questionnaire. A total of 200 available private dental practitioners of Bhopal city made up the sampling frame of study. RESULTS Out of 200 practicing dentists, 147 participated with response rate of 73.5% in which 69.4% were males and 30.6% were females. A total of 83% dentists were less than 35 years of age, while 17% were equal to or more than 35 years of age. Qualification distribution revealed 67.3% dental graduate and 32.6% dental specialist. A highly significant difference in knowledge in relation to age was observed. The mean±SD were found for Knowledge as 8.46±1.82, Attitude as 2.65±0.780, and Practice as 1.66±1.57. Statistically significant correlations were found between attitude and practice (r=0.58, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Dentists in Bhopal city have vast knowledge towards preventive dentistry. The attitude is highly commendable but underutilized in practice, which needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Umaji Patil
- Professor and Head, Department of Paedodontics, STES Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Vadgoan, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amitkumar Sahu
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Paedodontics, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Halaswamy V Kambalimath
- Professor and Head, Department of Paedodontics, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Manish Jain
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Peoples Dental Academy , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sicca C, Bobbio E, Quartuccio N, Nicolò G, Cistaro A. Prevention of dental caries: A review of effective treatments. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e604-e610. [PMID: 27957278 PMCID: PMC5149099 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to review medical and non medical treatments for prevention of caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the most relevant and updated published studies from 01/01/2002 through December 2015 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases regarding the efficacy of strategies and treatments aiming to prevent the development of caries was performed selecting papers on the basis of the Evidence-based Medicine Criteria. RESULTS We identified thirty systematic reviews on prevention of caries. Analyzing the data the retrieved literature, performance of prevention treatments seems to be high. CONCLUSIONS Prevention treatments may have a relevant impact on the avoiding the development of caries planning. Key words:Dental caries, prevention, fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Sicca
- MD, Indipendent Clinical Dentistry, Forno Canavese and Bruino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Natale Quartuccio
- MD, Nuclear Medicine Unit Department of Biomedical Sciences and of Mophologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nicolò
- MD, Indipendent Clinical Dentistry, Forno Canavese and Bruino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelina Cistaro
- MD, Ph, Positron Emission Tomography Centre IRMET S.p.A., Affidea, Turin, Italy, PET Pediatric AIMN InterGroup, Italy, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Rome, Italy
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Influence of bioactive particles on the chemical-mechanical properties of experimental enamel resin infiltrants. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:2143-2151. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shear bond strength and microleakage results for three experimental self-etching primer compositions for pit and fissure sealing. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1465-1473. [PMID: 27435981 PMCID: PMC5442240 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of three experimental self-etching primers for pit and fissure sealing. Materials and methods The material used three formulations of an experimental fissure primer (EFP) applied without phosphoric acid etching (EFP-1/EFP-2/EFP-3) and one control group with sealant application after 30 s of acid etching. Four groups of sealants (n = 40 specimens/group) were tested for SBS, and a failure analysis was conducted after 1-day water storage, 3-month water storage, and 5000-fold thermocycling. In addition, microleakage was tested. Results The SBSs of the EFPs (range 8.2 MPa (standard deviation 4.2) to 15.4 MPa (5.4)) were generally significantly lower than those of conventional fissure sealing (range 15.6 MPa (4.4) to 19.1 MPa (6.2)). The SBS of EFP-3 was better than that of the EFP-1 or EFP-2 formulations. Microleakage was significantly lower in the control group (1.1 %) than in the EFP-1 (3.8 %) and lower than in EFP-3 (7.7 %) group. In the (multiple) linear regression analysis, material and aging significantly influenced SBS. Conclusions The SBS of EFP-3 was 15 to 32 % lower than it was for the corresponding controls. Clinical relevance The SBS is lower, but the main potential benefit of this new approach is a reduced application time in clinical practice.
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Moreira KMS, Kantovitz KR, Aguiar JPD, Borges AFS, Pascon FM, Puppin-Rontani RM. Impact of the intermediary layer on sealant retention: a randomized 24-month clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1435-1443. [PMID: 27392611 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess long-term impact of tooth eruption stages (ES) on sealant retention on occlusal surfaces previously coated with intermediary bonding layer and to determine caries prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-five school children were selected (aged 6-10 years), with four non-carious permanent first molar in different ES (OP (operculum present), ME (marginal edge), CE (completely erupted)). Split-mouth and single-blind study design was used. The teeth (260) were randomly selected according to treatment (sealant/technique): F (Fluroshield), H (Helioseal Clear Chroma), SF (Single Bond + F), EH (Excite + H). Sealant retention, marginal integrity, discoloration, and caries prevention were assessed after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months by calibrated examiner (Spearman = 0.91) using visual inspection. Data were submitted to the Cox proportional hazard model (survival analysis) and Likelihood ratio χ 2 test (correlation), p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS At baseline, ES was 20 % in OP, 54 % in ME, and 26 % in CE. There was no significant difference on sealant retention between the treatments (p = 0.2774). However, significant differences were found regarding the ES on sealant retention (p = 0.0041). The CE stage showed the highest retention survival rate during the 24 months. The overall sealant prevention average was found to be about 99.4 % and showed no difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Eruption stages affect sealant retention irregardless of the intermediate layer and type of sealant. However, there was caries prevention on tooth occlusal surfaces after 24 months, regardless of treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sealing is recommended to prevent occlusal caries of newly erupted teeth in high-caries-risk patients. However, its application is critical on moisture limited control surfaces independently of sealer material and technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Maria Silva Moreira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-900, Brazil
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-900, Brazil.,São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pedrini Dias Aguiar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Miori Pascon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-900, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-900, Brazil.
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Bonetti DL. Evidence not practised: the underutilisation of preventive fissure sealants. Br Dent J 2016; 216:409-13. [PMID: 24722094 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
International and UK professional organisations, Cochrane systematic reviews, and international and UK guidance documents all support the application of preventive fissure sealants (PFSs) as an effective treatment for reducing caries. However, PFSs are well known to be underutilised in primary care. This paper collates data from PFS-relevant studies in Scotland, which has a large population of children at caries risk, to identify the beliefs and factors dentists perceive as influencing their decision not to provide this treatment. This information provides a platform to suggest how to increase the application of PFSs in this region (a standardised audit incorporating evidence-based behaviour change techniques, supplemental guidance on how to implement gold-standard recommendations in practice, training). This may also be relevant outside of Scotland, as well as to the implementation of other evidence-based behaviours in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Bonetti
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, DDEC, Frankland Building, University of Dundee, Small's Wynd, Dundee, DD1 4HN
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Holmgren C, Gaucher C, Decerle N, Doméjean S. Minimal intervention dentistry II: part 3. Management of non-cavitated (initial) occlusal caries lesions--non-invasive approaches through remineralisation and therapeutic sealants. Br Dent J 2016; 216:237-43. [PMID: 24603245 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data on dental caries show that prevention and treatment needs have evolved significantly over the past two decades. In younger patients the distribution of caries lesions is mainly found on the occlusal surfaces. The treatment approaches utilised by dentists must evolve to integrate preventive and treatment solutions tailored to the care needs, which are straightforward to implement in the dental office and whose effectiveness is underpinned by scientific evidence. This article aims to describe the principles of non-invasive management of non-cavitated (initial) occlusal caries lesions, based on evidence from recent studies published in the international literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Holmgren
- Aide Odontologique Internationale, Montrouge, France
| | - C Gaucher
- AP-HP, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Service d'Odontologie, Univ Paris Descartes, UFR d'Odontologie, EA 2496, Paris, France
| | - N Decerle
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Estaing, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Univ Clermont1, UFR d'Odontologie, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique EA 4847, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Doméjean
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Estaing, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Univ Clermont1, UFR d'Odontologie, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique EA 4847, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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HAZNEDAROĞLU E, GÜNER Ş, DUMAN C, MENTEŞ A. A 48-month randomized controlled trial of caries prevention effect of a one-time application of glass ionomer sealant versus resin sealant. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:532-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eda HAZNEDAROĞLU
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Campus
| | - Şirin GÜNER
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Balkan Campus
| | - Canan DUMAN
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Campus
| | - Ali MENTEŞ
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Campus
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ITO S, SHIMADA Y, SADR A, NAKAJIMA Y, MIYASHIN M, TAGAMI J, SUMI Y. Assessment of occlusal fissure depth and sealant penetration using optical coherence tomography. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:432-9. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko ITO
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasushi SHIMADA
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Alireza SADR
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington
- International Exchange Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yukie NAKAJIMA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Michiyo MIYASHIN
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasunori SUMI
- Department for Advanced Dental Research, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
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Muntean A, Mesaros AS, Festila D, Mesaros M. Modern management of dental decay in children and adolescents - a review. CLUJUL MEDICAL (1957) 2015; 88:137-9. [PMID: 26528061 PMCID: PMC4576786 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Health is a right that requires responsible individual actions. Oral health corresponds to an important part of general health, even if for a large majority of people healthy teeth are equal with beautiful teeth. For children and adolescents "having an attractive smile" is synonymous with social acceptance and success. Dental decay has a high incidence in children in our country and progress in decay prevention, diagnosis and treatment is not reflected in children and adolescents' oral health. It is established by studies conducted by dentists and psychologists that dental decay can affect the quality of life by engendering specific eating behaviors, particular ways of speech or smile and unfortunately pain. The aim of this article is to emphasize the modern approach of dental decay in line with principles of non-invasive strategies. An important element to be considered - prophylactic methods - must be included in every treatment plan, in order to control individual caries risk. The time invested in prevention during childhood represents a real benefit for the future adult's oral health. Many a dental problems can be avoided if dental decay management relies on the link between medical science and every day practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Muntean
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Stefania Mesaros
- Department of Dental Propedeutics and Esthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Festila
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Mesaros
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Masoe AV, Blinkhorn AS, Taylor J, Blinkhorn FA. Assessment of the management factors that influence the development of preventive care in the New South Wales public dental service. J Healthc Leadersh 2015; 7:1-11. [PMID: 29355182 PMCID: PMC5740988 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s80011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases, particularly dental caries, remain one of the most common chronic health problems for adolescents, and are a major public health concern. Public dental services in New South Wales, Australia offer free clinical care and preventive advice to all adolescents under 18 years of age, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. This care is provided by dental therapists and oral health therapists (therapists). It is incumbent upon clinical directors (CDs) and health service managers (HSMs) to ensure that the appropriate clinical preventive care is offered by clinicians to all their patients. The aims of this study were to 1) explore CDs’ and HSMs’ perceptions of the factors that could support the delivery of preventive care to adolescents, and to 2) record the strategies they have utilized to help therapists provide preventive care to adolescents. Subjects and methods In-depth, semistructured interviews were undertaken with 19 CDs and HSMs from across NSW local health districts. A framework matrix was used to systematically code data and enable key themes to be identified for analysis. Results The 19 CDs and HSMs reported that fiscal accountability and meeting performance targets impacted on the levels and types of preventive care provided by therapists. Participants suggested that professional clinical structures for continuous quality improvement should be implemented and monitored, and that an adequate workforce mix and more resources for preventive dental care activities would enhance therapists’ ability to provide appropriate levels of preventive care. CDs and HSMs stated that capitalizing on the strengths of visiting pediatric dental specialists and working with local health district clinical leaders would be a practical way to improve models of preventive oral health care for adolescents. Conclusion The main issue raised in this study is that preventive dentistry per se lacks strong support from the central funding agency, and that increasing prevention activities is not a simple task of changing regulations or increasing professional education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela V Masoe
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Oral Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah
| | - Anthony S Blinkhorn
- Department of Population Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Oral Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah
| | - Fiona A Blinkhorn
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Oral Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah
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Mejàre IA, Klingberg G, Mowafi FK, Stecksén-Blicks C, Twetman SHA, Tranæus SH. A systematic map of systematic reviews in pediatric dentistry--what do we really know? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117537. [PMID: 25706629 PMCID: PMC4338212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify, appraise and summarize existing knowledge and knowledge gaps in practice-relevant questions in pediatric dentistry. METHODS A systematic mapping of systematic reviews was undertaken for domains considered important in daily clinical practice. The literature search covered questions in the following domains: behavior management problems/dental anxiety; caries risk assessment and caries detection including radiographic technologies; prevention and non-operative treatment of caries in primary and young permanent teeth; operative treatment of caries in primary and young permanent teeth; prevention and treatment of periodontal disease; management of tooth developmental and mineralization disturbances; prevention and treatment of oral conditions in children with chronic diseases/developmental disturbances/obesity; diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental erosion and tooth wear; treatment of traumatic injuries in primary and young permanent teeth and cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Abstracts and full text reviews were assessed independently by two reviewers and any differences were solved by consensus. AMSTAR was used to assess the risk of bias of each included systematic review. Reviews judged as having a low or moderate risk of bias were used to formulate existing knowledge and knowledge gaps. RESULTS Out of 81 systematic reviews meeting the inclusion criteria, 38 were judged to have a low or moderate risk of bias. Half of them concerned caries prevention. The quality of evidence was high for a caries-preventive effect of daily use of fluoride toothpaste and moderate for fissure sealing with resin-based materials. For the rest the quality of evidence for the effects of interventions was low or very low. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for primary clinical research of good quality in most clinically-relevant domains in pediatric dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunilla Klingberg
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida K. Mowafi
- Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Stecksén-Blicks
- Department of Odontology, Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Svante H. A. Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Section for Cariology, Endodontics, Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia H. Tranæus
- Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment, Stockholm, Sweden
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Isong I, Dantas L, Gerard M, Kuhlthau K. Oral Health Disparities and Unmet Dental Needs among Preschool Children in Chelsea, MA: Exploring Mechanisms, Defining Solutions. JOURNAL OF ORAL HYGIENE & HEALTH 2015; 2:1000138. [PMID: 25614878 PMCID: PMC4299657 DOI: 10.4172/2332-0702.1000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant disparities exist in children's receipt of preventive dental care (PDC) in the United States. Many of the children at greatest risk of dental disease do not receive timely PDC; when they do receive dental care, it is often more for relief of dental pain. Chelsea is a low-income, diverse Massachusetts community with high rates of untreated childhood caries. There are various dental resources available in Chelsea, yet many children do not access dental care at levels equivalent to their needs. OBJECTIVE Using Chelsea as a case-study, to explore factors contributing to forgone PDC (including the age 1 dental visit) in an in-depth way. METHODS We used a qualitative study design that included semi-structured interviews with parents of preschool children residing in Chelsea, and Chelsea-based providers including pediatricians, dentists, a dental hygienist and early childhood care providers. We examined: a) parents' dental attitudes and oral health cultural beliefs; b) parents' and providers' perspectives on facilitators and barriers to PDC, reasons for unmet needs, and proposed solutions to address the problem. We recorded, transcribed and independently coded all interviews. Using rigorous, iterative qualitative data analyses procedures, we identified emergent themes. RESULTS Factors perceived to facilitate receipt of PDC included Head-Start oral health policies, strong pediatric primary care/dental linkages, community outreach and advertising, and parents' own oral health experiences. Most parents and providers perceived there to be an adequate number of accessible dental services and resources in Chelsea, including for Medicaid enrollees. However, several barriers impeded children from receiving timely PDC, the most frequently cited being insurance related problems for children and adults. Other barriers included limited dental services for children <2 years, perceived poor quality of some dental practices, lack of emphasis on prevention-based dental care, poor care-coordination, and insufficient culturally-appropriate care. Important family-level barriers included parental oral health literacy, cultural factors, limited English proficiency and competing priorities. Several solutions were proposed to address identified barriers. CONCLUSION Even in a community with a considerable number of dental resources, various factors may preclude access to these services by preschool-aged children. Opportunities exist to address modifiable factors through strategic oral health policies, community outreach and improved care coordination between physicians, dentists and early childhood care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyang Isong
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laila Dantas
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Macda Gerard
- Department of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Karen Kuhlthau
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Child & Adolescent Health Research and Policy, MGHfC, Boston, MA, USA
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Masoe AV, Blinkhorn AS, Taylor J, Blinkhorn FA. Preventive and clinical care provided to adolescents attending public oral health services New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:142. [PMID: 25432193 PMCID: PMC4266880 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental Therapists and Oral Health Therapists (Therapists) working in the New
South Wales (NSW) Public Oral Health Service are charged with providing clinical
dental treatment including preventive care for all children under 18 years of age.
Adolescents in particular are at risk of dental caries and periodontal disease
which may be controlled through health education and clinical preventive
interventions. However, there is a dearth of evidence about the type or the
proportion of clinical time allocated to preventive care. The aim of this study is to record the proportion and type of preventive care
and clinical treatment activities provided by Therapists to adolescents accessing
the NSW Public Oral Health Service. Methods Clinical dental activity data for adolescents was obtained from the NSW Health
electronic Information System for Oral Health (ISOH) for the year 2011. Clinical
activities of Therapists were examined in relation to the provision of different
types of preventive care for adolescents by interrogating state-wide public oral
health data stored on ISOH. Results Therapists were responsible for 79.7 percent of the preventive care and 83.0
percent of the restorative treatment offered to adolescents accessing Public Oral
Health Services over the one year period. Preventive care provided by Therapists
for adolescents varied across Local Health Districts ranging from 32.0 percent to
55.8 percent of their clinical activity. Conclusions Therapists provided the majority of clinical care to adolescents accessing NSW
Public Oral Health Services. The proportion of time spent undertaking prevention
varied widely between Local Health Districts. The reasons for this variation
require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela V Masoe
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Sciences, Oral Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
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Lausch J, Paris S, Selje T, Dörfer CE, Meyer-Lueckel H. Resin Infiltration of Fissure Caries with Various Techniques of Pretreatment in vitro. Caries Res 2014; 49:50-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000366082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin infiltration technique might be used for occlusal caries lesions in order to arrest their progression. This in vitro study evaluated the influence of various modifications of the infiltration technique on the penetration abilities of the infiltrant into occlusal lesions. Extracted human molars and premolars (n = 140) with non-cavitated white spot lesions were randomly allocated to 7 groups. As control, specimens were etched with 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) gel for 120 s and resin infiltrated for 180 s (Icon; DMG). As modification HCl gel reduced in surface tension and viscosity with and without abrasives was applied using 3 different types of brushes either to oscillate or rub the HCl gel onto the enamel surface. The median maximum lesion depth was 1,232 µm (interquartile range 882-1,513). Compared with the control procedure [23% (16/50)] a higher percentage penetration was observed if the HCl gel was mixed with a small amount of abrasives were rubbed into the fissures using a modified brush with stiff bristles that were adjusted to the fissure relief for either 120 s [100% (64/100)] or 30 s [98% (61/100); p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney test]. All other experimental treatments resulted in penetration results in-between. It can be concluded that the use of an abrasive HCl gel in conjunction with a modified brush mostly enhances resin infiltration into fissure caries lesions. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
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43
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Fontana M, Platt JA, Eckert GJ, González-Cabezas C, Yoder K, Zero DT, Ando M, Soto-Rojas AE, Peters MC. Monitoring of sound and carious surfaces under sealants over 44 months. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1070-5. [PMID: 25248613 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514551753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of sealants, one major barrier in sealant utilization is the concern of sealing over active caries lesions. This study evaluated detection and monitoring of caries lesions through a clear sealant over 44 mo. Sixty-four 7- to 10-year-old children with at least 2 permanent molars with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores 0-4 (and caries less than halfway through the dentin, radiographically) were examined with ICDAS, DIAGNOdent, and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) before sealant placement and 1, 12, 24, and 44 mo (except QLF) after. Bitewing radiographs were taken yearly. DIAGNOdent and QLF were able to distinguish between baseline ICDAS before and after sealant placement. There was no significant evidence of ICDAS progression at 12 mo, but there was small evidence of minor increases at 24 and 44 mo (14% and 14%, respectively) with only 2% ICDAS ≥ 5. Additionally, there was little evidence of radiographic progression (at 12 mo = 1%, 24 mo = 3%, and 44 mo = 9%). Sealant retention rates were excellent at 12 mo = 89%, 24 mo = 78%, and 44 mo = 70%. The small risk of sealant repair increased significantly as baseline ICDAS, DIAGNOdent, and QLF values increased. However, regardless of lesion severity, sealants were 100% effective at 12 mo and 98% effective over 44 mo in managing occlusal surfaces at ICDAS 0-4 (i.e., only 4 of 228 teeth progressed to ICDAS ≥ 5 associated with sealants in need of repair and none to halfway or more through the dentin, radiographically). This study suggests that occlusal surfaces without frank cavitation (ICDAS 0-4) that are sealed with a clear sealant can be monitored with ICDAS, QLF, or DIAGNOdent, which may aid in predicting the need for sealant repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fontana
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J A Platt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - G J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C González-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Yoder
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D T Zero
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Ando
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A E Soto-Rojas
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M C Peters
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Vermaire J, Poorterman J, van Herwijnen L, van Loveren C. A Three-Year Randomized Controlled Trial in 6-Year-Old Children on Caries-Preventive Strategies in a General Dental Practice in the Netherlands. Caries Res 2014; 48:524-33. [DOI: 10.1159/000358342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Assunção IVD, Costa GDFAD, Borges BCD. Systematic review of noninvasive treatments to arrest dentin non-cavitated caries lesions. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:137-141. [PMID: 24868513 PMCID: PMC4023307 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i5.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of noninvasive methods of arresting the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.
METHODS: The Medline/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant publications through to November 2013. Only clinical trials evaluating the ability of noninvasive methods to arrest the progression of occlusal non-cavitated carious lesions in dentin were included. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.
RESULTS: Of 167 citations identified, nine full text articles were screened and five were included in the analysis. All papers reported on occlusal fissure sealing using a self-curing glass ionomer (n = 1) or resin-based (n = 4) sealant. Only the use of resin-based sealant to obliterate occlusal fissures arrested the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.
CONCLUSION: Occlusal fissure sealing with a resin-based sealant may arrest the progression of non-cavitated occlusal dentinal caries. Further clinical trials with longer follow-up times should be performed to increase scientific evidence.
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Hu X, Chen X, Ye L, Fan MW, Huysmans MC, Frencken JE. Comparison between visual clinical examination and the replica method for assessments of sealant retention over a 2-year period. Int J Oral Sci 2014; 6:111-5. [PMID: 24625469 PMCID: PMC5130059 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods, sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-, 1- and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients. Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation (fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had ≥1 pit re-exposed) according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35-0.41). More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination. Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas (P=0.47). Using the replica method, more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the 2-year period. This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods. When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention, the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination, particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Private Practitioner, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Wen Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Marie-Charlotte Huysmans
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jo E Frencken
- Department of Global Oral Health, College of Dental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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47
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Chi DL, van der Goes DN, Ney JP. Cost-effectiveness of pit-and-fissure sealants on primary molars in Medicaid-enrolled children. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:555-61. [PMID: 24432941 PMCID: PMC3953771 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the incremental cost-effectiveness of 2 primary molar sealant strategies-always seal and never seal-with standard care for Medicaid-enrolled children. METHODS We used Iowa Medicaid claims data (2008-2011), developed a tooth-level Markov model for 10 000 teeth, and compared costs, treatment avoided, and incremental cost per treatment avoided for the 2 sealant strategies with standard care. RESULTS In 10 000 simulated teeth, standard care cost $214 510, always seal cost $232 141, and never seal cost $186 010. Relative to standard care, always seal reduced the number of restorations to 340 from 2389, whereas never seal increased restorations to 2853. Compared with standard care, always seal cost $8.12 per restoration avoided (95% confidence interval [CI] = $4.10, $12.26; P ≤ .001). Compared with never seal, standard care cost $65.62 per restoration avoided (95% CI = $52.99, $78.26; P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Relative to standard care, always sealing primary molars is more costly but reduces subsequent dental treatment. Never sealing costs less but leads to more treatment. State Medicaid programs that do not currently reimburse dentists for primary molar sealants should consider reimbursement for primary molar sealant procedures as a population-based strategy to prevent tooth decay and reduce later treatment needs in vulnerable young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Donald L. Chi is with the Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle. David N. van der Goes is with the Department of Economics, College of Arts and Sciences and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Center for Health Policy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. John P. Ney is with the Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington
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48
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Griffin SO, Jones K, Crespin M. Calculating averted caries attributable to school-based sealant programs with a minimal data set. J Public Health Dent 2014; 74:202-9. [PMID: 24423023 PMCID: PMC4813799 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe a methodology for school-based sealant programs (SBSP) to estimate averted cavities, (i.e., difference in cavities without and with SBSP) over 9 years using a minimal data set. METHODS A Markov model was used to estimate averted cavities. SBSP would input estimates of their annual attack rate (AR) and 1-year retention rate. The model estimated retention 2+ years after placement with a functional form obtained from the literature. Assuming a constant AR, SBSP can estimate their AR with child-level data collected prior to sealant placement on sealant presence, number of decayed/filled first molars, and age. We demonstrate the methodology with data from the Wisconsin SBSP. Finally, we examine how sensitive averted cavities obtained with this methodology is if an SBSP were to over or underestimate their AR or 1-year retention. RESULTS Demonstrating the methodology with estimated AR (= 7 percent) and 1-year retention (= 92 percent) from the Wisconsin SBSP data, we found that placing 31,324 sealants averted 10,718 cavities. Sensitivity analysis indicated that for any AR, the magnitude of the error (percent) in estimating averted cavities was always less than the magnitude of the error in specifying the AR and equal to the error in specifying the 1-year retention rate. We also found that estimates of averted cavities were more robust to misspecifications of AR for higher- versus lower-risk children. CONCLUSIONS With Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) spreadsheets available upon request, SBSP can use this methodology to generate reasonable estimates of their impact with a minimal data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan O. Griffin
- Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kari Jones
- Quantitative Health Research, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
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49
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Mickenautsch S, Yengopal V. Validity of sealant retention as surrogate for caries prevention--a systematic review. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77103. [PMID: 24194861 PMCID: PMC3806731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIM To appraise the clinical literature in determining whether loss of complete sealant retention as surrogate endpoint is directly associated with caries occurrence on sealed teeth as its clinical endpoint and to apply the appraised evidence in testing the null-hypothesis that the retention/caries ratio between different types of sealant materials (resin and glass-ionomer cement) is not statistically significant (= Prentice criterion for surrogate endpoint validity). METHODS Databases searched PubMed/Medline, Directory of Open Access Journals; IndMed, Scielo. Systematic reviews were checked for suitable trials. The search terms: "fiss* AND seal*" and "fissure AND sealant" were used. Article selection criteria were: clinical trial reporting on the retention and caries occurrence of resin and/or glass-ionomer cement (GIC) fissure sealed permanent molar teeth; minimum 24-month follow-up period; systematic review or meta-analysis. Datasets and information were extracted from accepted trials. The principle outcome measure was the ratio of Risk of loss of complete retention to the Risk of caries occurrence per sealant type (RCR). Risk of bias was assessed in trials and sensitivity analysis with regard to potential confounding factors conducted. The null-hypothesis was tested by graphical and statistical methods. RESULTS The risk of loss of complete retention of sealant materials was associated with the risk of caries occurrence for resin but not for GIC based sealants. The difference between RCR values of the two sealant types was statistically significant (p<0.05). The null-hypothesis was rejected. CONCLUSIONS The current clinical evidence suggests that complete retention of pit and fissure sealants may not be a valid surrogate endpoint for caries prevention as its clinical endpoint. Further research is required to corroborate the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mickenautsch
- Systematic Review initiative for Evidence-Based Minimum Intervention in Dentistry/Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Veerasamy Yengopal
- Systematic Review initiative for Evidence-Based Minimum Intervention in Dentistry/Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
DATA SOURCES Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, Medline via OVID, EMBASE via OVID; SCISEARCH, CAplus, INSPEC, NTIS and PASCAL via STN Easy and DARE, NHS EED, HTA (all to September/ November 2012) and ClinicalTrials.gov (to July 2012). There were no restrictions on language or date of publication. STUDY SELECTION Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of at least 12 months duration comparing no sealant with sealant, or different types of sealants, for preventing caries of occlusal or approximal surfaces of premolar or molar teeth in children and adolescents under 20 years of age. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening of search results, data extraction and assessment of trial quality (using GRADE methods) were by two reviewers independently. RESULTS There were 34 trials of children aged five to 16 years, with 12 trials (2575 participants) comparing sealants with no sealant, 21 trials (3202 participants) comparing one sealant with another and one trial (752 participants) comparing two types of sealant with no sealant.Resin sealants compared with no sealants prevented caries in the first permanent molars of children five to 10 years old (six trials at low risk of bias with two years follow up), (odds ratio (OR) 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07 to 0.19). At 48 to 54 months follow-up, the caries preventive effect was maintained (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.28) although there were only four trials (two were at low and two at high risk of bias).No conclusions could be drawn as to whether glass ionomer sealants compared with no sealants prevented caries at 2 year follow-up. The mean difference in DFS was -0.18, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.03.The relative effectiveness of one type of sealant compared to a different type of sealant was inconclusive as there was great variation in comparisons, outcomes, times of outcomes and background fluoride levels in the 21 studies. There was insufficient evidence for the relative superiority of glass ionomer and resin sealants (very low event rate in many of the 15 trials). There were inconsistent results for resin-modified glass ionomer sealants compared with resin sealants. No difference in caries increments were found in the two small trials of polyacid-modified resin sealants compared with resin sealants. CONCLUSIONS Sealants compared with no sealants, on the occlusal surfaces of permanent molars in children and adolescents, are effective at reducing caries up to 48 months. There is less evidence for longer term follow-up and little for the relative effectiveness of sealing in less high caries risk children. No conclusions could be drawn on the relative effectiveness of different types of sealants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Deery
- Academic Unit of Oral Health and Development, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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