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Li J, Liu F, Liu Z, Li M, Wang Y, Shang Y, Li Y. Prevalence and associated factors of depression in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:431. [PMID: 38858633 PMCID: PMC11165857 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health problem in postmenopausal women. Given its significant impact on the quality of life and overall well-being of postmenopausal women, there is need for a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the existing research globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the global prevalence of depression and potential associated factors in postmenopausal women. METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to March 22, 2023. The meta-analysis used the random-effects model to calculate the prevalence of depression rates and associated factors. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's test, and nonparametric trim-and-fill tests. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 50 studies that involved 385,092 postmenopausal women. The prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women was 28.00% (95% CI, 25.80-30.10). Among the factors relevant to depression among postmenopausal women, marital status (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.33-3.11), history of mental illness (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.50-3.57), chronic disease (OR: 3.13, 95%CI: 2.20-4.44), menstrual cycle (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.17-1.72), abortion numbers (OR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.40-1.80), menopausal symptoms (OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.52-2.90), and hormone replacement therapy (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.31-2.35) were risk factors, while physical activity (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.53-0.59), number of breastfed infants (OR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.19-0.97), menopause age (OR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.37-0.51) were preventive factors. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the prevalence of postmenopausal depression is high, and some risk factors and protective factors associated with it have been identified. It is necessary to improve screening and management and optimize prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the harmful effects of postmenopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Fangli Liu
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.
- Institution of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.
- Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Ziwei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yuege Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
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Qin H, Feng J, Wu X. Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture on women related health. Front Med 2024; 18:46-67. [PMID: 38151668 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Globally, public health interventions have resulted in a 30-year increase in women's life expectancy. However, women's health has not increased when socioeconomic status is ignored. Women's health has become a major public health concern, for those women from developing countries are still struggling with infectious and labor-related diseases, and their counterparts in developed countries are suffering from physical and psychological disorders. In recent years, complementary and alternative medicine has attracted wide attentions with regards to maintaining women's health. Acupuncture, a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat many obstetric and gynecological diseases for thousands of years due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and its effects on stimulating the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system. To fully understand the mechanism through which acupuncture exerts its effects in these diseases would significantly extend the list of available interventions and would allow for more reasonable advice to be given to general practitioners. Therefore, by searching PubMed and CNKI regarding the use of acupuncture in treating obstetric and gynecological diseases, we aimed to summarize the proven evidence of using acupuncture in maintaining women's health by considering both its effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms behind its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Qin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150036, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Nerattini M, Jett S, Andy C, Carlton C, Zarate C, Boneu C, Battista M, Pahlajani S, Loeb-Zeitlin S, Havryulik Y, Williams S, Christos P, Fink M, Brinton RD, Mosconi L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1260427. [PMID: 37937120 PMCID: PMC10625913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1260427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite a large preclinical literature demonstrating neuroprotective effects of estrogen, use of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk reduction has been controversial. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of HT effects on AD and dementia risk. Methods Our systematic search yielded 6 RCT reports (21,065 treated and 20,997 placebo participants) and 45 observational reports (768,866 patient cases and 5.5 million controls). We used fixed and random effect meta-analysis to derive pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) from these studies. Results Randomized controlled trials conducted in postmenopausal women ages 65 and older show an increased risk of dementia with HT use compared with placebo [RR = 1.38, 95% C.I. 1.16-1.64, p < 0.001], driven by estrogen-plus-progestogen therapy (EPT) [RR = 1.64, 95% C.I. 1.20-2.25, p = 0.002] and no significant effects of estrogen-only therapy (ET) [RR = 1.19, 95% C.I. 0.92-1.54, p = 0.18]. Conversely, observational studies indicate a reduced risk of AD [RR = 0.78, 95% C.I. 0.64-0.95, p = 0.013] and all-cause dementia [RR = .81, 95% C.I. 0.70-0.94, p = 0.007] with HT use, with protective effects noted with ET [RR = 0.86, 95% C.I. 0.77-0.95, p = 0.002] but not with EPT [RR = 0.910, 95% C.I. 0.775-1.069, p = 0.251]. Stratified analysis of pooled estimates indicates a 32% reduced risk of dementia with midlife ET [RR = 0.685, 95% C.I. 0.513-0.915, p = 0.010] and non-significant reductions with midlife EPT [RR = 0.775, 95% C.I. 0.474-1.266, p = 0.309]. Late-life HT use was associated with increased risk, albeit not significant [EPT: RR = 1.323, 95% C.I. 0.979-1.789, p = 0.069; ET: RR = 1.066, 95% C.I. 0.996-1.140, p = 0.066]. Discussion These findings support renewed research interest in evaluating midlife estrogen therapy for AD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Nerattini
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caroline Andy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caroline Carlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Camila Zarate
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Camila Boneu
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Battista
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susan Loeb-Zeitlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yelena Havryulik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Schantel Williams
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Christos
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Fink
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Chalkidou A, Oikonomou E, Lambrinos D, Bothou A, Kyriakou D, Nikolettos K, Marinos G, Iatrakis G, Zervoudis S, Nikolettos N, Tsikouras P. The Comparative Study of the Administration of the Combination Preparation of Isoflavones and Hyaluronic Acid in Menopausal Women for the Treatment of the Symptoms of Menopause, Urogenital Atrophy and Oteoporosis in Relation to Existing Hormone Replacement Therapies. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:206-214. [PMID: 37795159 PMCID: PMC10545921 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.206-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Menopause is characterized by a series of symptoms and effects from the various systems and organs, for which, the decline in estrogen production from the ovaries is considered responsible. Objective The aim of this study was to make comparative study of the administration of the combination preparation of isoflavones and hyaluronic acid in menopausal women for the treatment of the symptoms of menopause, urogenital atrophy and osteoporosis in relation to existing hormone replacement therapies. Methods In this five-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, a total of 274 postmenopausal women were enrolled and classified into three groups. Participants in group A, were 96 women who did not receive Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), in the second group, 92 received daily treatment with tibolone (2.5 mg) as monotherapy, and in the third group, 86 received treatment with a pharmaceutical formulation of hyaluronic acid 120 mg and isoflavones. MF11RCE 80 mg. Results In the postmenopausal women of our study, a significant reduction of postmenopausal symptoms was found in both groups B and C of participants who received hormone replacement preparations compared to group A who did not receive HRT. Furthermore, no difference in efficacy was observed between the administered preparations of isoflavones and tibolone. Conclusion The combination of isoflavones and hyaluronic acid has the same efficacy as tibolone in menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chalkidou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Democritus Univesity of Thrace, Greece
| | - Efthimios Oikonomou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Democritus Univesity of Thrace, Greece
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of University Hospital Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Bothou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Democritus Univesity of Thrace, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Democritus Univesity of Thrace, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Marinos
- Georgios Marinos, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Iatrakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Democritus Univesity of Thrace, Greece
| | - Stefanos Zervoudis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Democritus Univesity of Thrace, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikolettos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Democritus Univesity of Thrace, Greece
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Bai J, Deng C, Fu F, Li D, Ma Z, Ma X, Zhang Y, Chen H. Pregnancy may have little influence on ground-glass opacities suspected for lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1383-1389. [PMID: 35445333 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Owing to the popularity of low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening, young women spotted with ground-glass opacities (GGO) is a growing subgroup in clinical practice. We aim to investigate the influence of pregnancy on GGOs suspected for lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS This retrospective study collected a series of female patients who were pregnant in follow-up of GGO lesions. The last CT images of GGO before pregnancy (CT1) and the first CT images after pregnancy (CT2) were reviewed to assess any radiologic change. Young female patients who were not pregnant in long-term (> 12 months) follow-up of GGO were enrolled as a comparison group. We also enrolled patients who gave birth within 2 years before surgical resection of GGOs. RESULTS Four patients were enrolled according to the criteria. There was no significant change of the GGOs in all four patients with a median follow-up duration of 45.5 (range 17-86) months. Two patients were diagnosed pathologically to be minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, one was invasive adenocarcinoma and one did not underwent surgery. Six patients were enrolled in the comparison group and no significant change was witnessed in all the nodules. In those patients who gave birth within two years before surgical resection of GGOs, we found that the majority present as preinvasive lesions, and those with invasive adenocarcinomas were bigger in size and possess more solid component radiologically. CONCLUSION Pregnancy seems to have little impact on GGOs suspected for lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, pregnancy might be safely planned during the follow-up of GGOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaoqiang Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangqiu Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zelin Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangyi Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Einfluss einer Hormonersatztherapie in der Peri- und Postmenopause auf das Krebsrisiko. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li R, Ruan Q, Yin F, Zhao K. MiR-23b-3p promotes postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting MRC2 and regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 145:69-78. [PMID: 33357782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases in postmenopausal women. Increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital regulatory roles during osteoporosis progression. This study aimed to investigate the potential function of miR-23b-3p in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). PMOP was induced in mice by bilateral ovariectomy. X-ray absorptiometry was applied to detect BMD and BMC in PMOP mice. Luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were utilized to investigate the relationship between miR-23b-3p and MRC2. We found the upregulation of miR-23b-3p in bone tissues of PMOP mice. Silencing of miR-23b-3p relieved PMOP in mice. Moreover, miR-23b-3p knockdown facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs by increasing the expression of Runx2, OCN, Osterix and promoting ALP activity. Mechanistically, MRC2 is a downstream target gene of miR-23b-3p. MRC2 knockdown significantly rescued the promoting effect of lenti-miR-23b-3p inhibitor on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, miR-23b-3p targeted MRC2 to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. In summary, inhibition of miR-23b-3p alleviates PMOP by targeting MRC2 to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which may provide a novel molecular insight for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Kunchi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
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Tantipongpiradet A, Monthakantirat O, Vipatpakpaiboon O, Khampukdee C, Umehara K, Noguchi H, Fujiwara H, Matsumoto K, Sekeroglu N, Kijjoa A, Chulikhit Y. Effects of Puerarin on the Ovariectomy-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in ICR Mice and Its Possible Mechanism of Action. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244569. [PMID: 31847138 PMCID: PMC6943479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily treatment of ovariectomized (OVX) ICR mice with puerarin, a glycosyl isoflavone isolated from the root bark of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica, and 17β-estradiol attenuated ovariectomy-induced depression-like behavior, as indicated by a decrease in immobility times in the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST), an increase in the uterine weight and volume, a decrease in serum corticosterone levels, and dose-dependently normalized the downregulated transcription of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and estrogen receptor (Erβ and Erα) mRNAs. Like 17β-estradiol, puerarin also inhibited ovariectomy-induced suppression of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (increased the number of doublecortin (DCX)-immunosuppressive cells). These results suggest that puerarin exerts antidepressant-like effects in OVX animals, possibly by attenuating the OVX-induced hyperactivation of the HPA axis and/or normalizing the downregulated transcription of BDNF and ER mRNA in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariyawan Tantipongpiradet
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.T.); (O.M.); (O.V.); (C.K.)
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.T.); (O.M.); (O.V.); (C.K.)
| | - Onchuma Vipatpakpaiboon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.T.); (O.M.); (O.V.); (C.K.)
| | - Charinya Khampukdee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.T.); (O.M.); (O.V.); (C.K.)
| | - Kaoru Umehara
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.U.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.U.); (H.N.)
| | - Hironori Fujiwara
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (H.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (H.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Nazim Sekeroglu
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Killis 7 Aralik University, Killis 79000, Turkey;
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +351-220428331 (A.K.)
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.T.); (O.M.); (O.V.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +351-220428331 (A.K.)
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Li N, Wang J, Wang X, Sun J, Li Z. Icariin exerts a protective effect against d-galactose induced premature ovarian failure via promoting DNA damage repair. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109218. [PMID: 31330441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin is one of the most common active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, while its function against Premature ovarian failure (POF) has not been explored. POF animal model was induced by d-galactose, and icariin at different doses was administered. Ovarian structure and follicle counting were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of serum hormones were measured by ELISA. Primary ovarian granulosa cells were cultured to compare the protective effects of icariin on cell aging, and DNA damage markers including γH2AX and 53BP1 were assessed by Western Blot. Administration of icariin promoted ovary/body weight, follicles numbers and fertility outcomes. In addition, icariin downregulated the levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and upregulated the levels of estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone. Icariin protected ovarian granulosa cells from d-galactose induced aging, with increased cell viability and lower endogenous β-galactosidase activity. The alterations of expression level of γH2AX and 53BP1 by icariin indicated that the protection is via promoting DNA damage repair. In this study we tested the biological function of icariin against the d-galactose induced POF. Our results demonstrated that icariin effectively attenuated ovarian injury via promoting DNA damage repair, suggesting that icariin can be developed as a protective agent against POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Zenghui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
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10
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Wang P, Lu Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Hu C, Zuo Y. Protective function of Bu Shen Huo Xue formula on the immunity of B6AF1 mice with experimental autoimmune premature ovarian failure. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3302-3310. [PMID: 29545848 PMCID: PMC5840928 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune abnormality is one of the main causes of premature ovarian failure (POF). Bu Shen Huo Xue formula (BSHXF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been clinically used for the treatment of patients with POF in China. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune POF. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunoprotective effects of BSHXF on POF and the underlying mechanisms. An experimental autoimmune POF model was induced in B6AF1 mice with zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) fragments. Following modeling, BSHXF (31.53 g/kg/day) was orally administered for 4 weeks. CD4+ T lymphocytes, Tregs, anti-zona pellucida (anti-ZP) antibodies and cytokines were detected using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that BSHXF exhibited an immunoprotective function and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and damage to the ovary. BSHXF upregulated the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box P3+ T cells in the spleen, effectively inhibiting the activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The proliferation of Tregs was increased in serum obtained from mice in the BSHXF group in vitro. Anti-ZP antibodies and interleukin-10 and interferon-γ levels were decreased in the serum in the BSHXF-treated group. The present study demonstrated that BSHXF had an immunoprotective effect on POF model mice. Additionally, it indicated that the protective mechanisms of BSHXF may be associated with an increase in Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Zuo
- Infirmary, 8724 Forces Health Teams, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
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Guilin F, Meijiao L, Xiaolin Z, Lihong Z, Jing L, Jingfeng O. Efficacy of Bushenjianpi prescription on autoimmune premature ovarian failure in mice. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Downey CL, Young A, Burton EF, Graham SM, Macfarlane RJ, Tsapakis EM, Tsiridis E. Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link? World J Orthop 2017; 8:412-423. [PMID: 28567345 PMCID: PMC5434348 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base.
METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MED-LINE (1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords “osteoporosis”, “osteoporotic fracture”, “dementia” and “Alzheimer’s disease” (AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia (predominantly Alzheimer’s type) and osteoporosis.
RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies.
CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed.
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Sundar S, Balega J, Crosbie E, Drake A, Edmondson R, Fotopoulou C, Gallos I, Ganesan R, Gupta J, Johnson N, Kitson S, Mackintosh M, Martin-Hirsch P, Miles T, Rafii S, Reed N, Rolland P, Singh K, Sivalingam V, Walther A. BGCS uterine cancer guidelines: Recommendations for practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 213:71-97. [PMID: 28437632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The British Gynaecological Cancer Society has issued the first Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer guidelines as recommendation for practice for the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Sundar
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Janos Balega
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Crosbie
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Drake
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Edmondson
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom.
| | - Ioannis Gallos
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Raji Ganesan
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Janesh Gupta
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Johnson
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kitson
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Mackintosh
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Martin-Hirsch
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Tracie Miles
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Rafii
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Reed
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Rolland
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Kavita Singh
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Vanitha Sivalingam
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Walther
- British Gynaecological Cancer Society, C/O Williams Denton CYF, Bangor LL57 4FE, United Kingdom
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Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H, Lethaby A, Lee J. Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 1:CD004143. [PMID: 28093732 PMCID: PMC6465148 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004143.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hormone therapy (HT) is widely provided for control of menopausal symptoms and has been used for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and dementia in older women. This is an updated version of a Cochrane review first published in 2005. OBJECTIVES: To assess effects of long-term HT (at least 1 year's duration) on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, cancer, gallbladder disease, fracture and cognition in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women during and after cessation of treatment. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases to September 2016: Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO. We searched the registers of ongoing trials and reference lists provided in previous studies and systematic reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised double-blinded studies of HT versus placebo, taken for at least 1 year by perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. HT included oestrogens, with or without progestogens, via the oral, transdermal, subcutaneous or intranasal route. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MDs) for continuous data, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the quality of the evidence by using GRADE methods. MAIN RESULTS: We included 22 studies involving 43,637 women. We derived nearly 70% of the data from two well-conducted studies (HERS 1998; WHI 1998). Most participants were postmenopausal American women with at least some degree of comorbidity, and mean participant age in most studies was over 60 years. None of the studies focused on perimenopausal women.In relatively healthy postmenopausal women (i.e. generally fit, without overt disease), combined continuous HT increased the risk of a coronary event (after 1 year's use: from 2 per 1000 to between 3 and 7 per 1000), venous thromboembolism (after 1 year's use: from 2 per 1000 to between 4 and 11 per 1000), stroke (after 3 years' use: from 6 per 1000 to between 6 and 12 per 1000), breast cancer (after 5.6 years' use: from 19 per 1000 to between 20 and 30 per 1000), gallbladder disease (after 5.6 years' use: from 27 per 1000 to between 38 and 60 per 1000) and death from lung cancer (after 5.6 years' use plus 2.4 years' additional follow-up: from 5 per 1000 to between 6 and 13 per 1000).Oestrogen-only HT increased the risk of venous thromboembolism (after 1 to 2 years' use: from 2 per 1000 to 2 to 10 per 1000; after 7 years' use: from 16 per 1000 to 16 to 28 per 1000), stroke (after 7 years' use: from 24 per 1000 to between 25 and 40 per 1000) and gallbladder disease (after 7 years' use: from 27 per 1000 to between 38 and 60 per 1000) but reduced the risk of breast cancer (after 7 years' use: from 25 per 1000 to between 15 and 25 per 1000) and clinical fracture (after 7 years' use: from 141 per 1000 to between 92 and 113 per 1000) and did not increase the risk of coronary events at any follow-up time.Women over 65 years of age who were relatively healthy and taking continuous combined HT showed an increase in the incidence of dementia (after 4 years' use: from 9 per 1000 to 11 to 30 per 1000). Among women with cardiovascular disease, use of combined continuous HT significantly increased the risk of venous thromboembolism (at 1 year's use: from 3 per 1000 to between 3 and 29 per 1000). Women taking HT had a significantly decreased incidence of fracture with long-term use.Risk of fracture was the only outcome for which strong evidence showed clinical benefit derived from HT (after 5.6 years' use of combined HT: from 111 per 1000 to between 79 and 96 per 1000; after 7.1 years' use of oestrogen-only HT: from 141 per 1000 to between 92 and 113 per 1000). Researchers found no strong evidence that HT has a clinically meaningful impact on the incidence of colorectal cancer.One trial analysed subgroups of 2839 relatively healthy women 50 to 59 years of age who were taking combined continuous HT and 1637 who were taking oestrogen-only HT versus similar-sized placebo groups. The only significantly increased risk reported was for venous thromboembolism in women taking combined continuous HT: Their absolute risk remained low, at less than 1/500. However, other differences in risk cannot be excluded, as this study was not designed to have the power to detect differences between groups of women within 10 years of menopause.For most studies, risk of bias was low in most domains. The overall quality of evidence for the main comparisons was moderate. The main limitation in the quality of evidence was that only about 30% of women were 50 to 59 years old at baseline, which is the age at which women are most likely to consider HT for vasomotor symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Women with intolerable menopausal symptoms may wish to weigh the benefits of symptom relief against the small absolute risk of harm arising from short-term use of low-dose HT, provided they do not have specific contraindications. HT may be unsuitable for some women, including those at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, increased risk of thromboembolic disease (such as those with obesity or a history of venous thrombosis) or increased risk of some types of cancer (such as breast cancer, in women with a uterus). The risk of endometrial cancer among women with a uterus taking oestrogen-only HT is well documented.HT is not indicated for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease or dementia, nor for prevention of deterioration of cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Although HT is considered effective for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, it is generally recommended as an option only for women at significant risk for whom non-oestrogen therapies are unsuitable. Data are insufficient for assessment of the risk of long-term HT use in perimenopausal women and in postmenopausal women younger than 50 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Marjoribanks
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPark RdGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
| | - Cindy Farquhar
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPark RdGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
| | - Helen Roberts
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPark RdGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
| | - Anne Lethaby
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPark RdGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
| | - Jasmine Lee
- Penang Medical College33‐8‐3, Sri York Condominium, Halaman YorkPenangMalaysia10450
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Kushtagi P, Narayanan A. Ovarian Hormone Replacement Therapy in Gynecological Cancer Survivors. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-016-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Lemini C, García-Albor E, Cruz-López B, Matamoros-Trejo G, Martínez-Mota L. Differential effect of the 17β-aminoestrogens prolame, butolame and pentolame in anxiety and depression models in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:102-8. [PMID: 26239795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens of clinical use produce consistent antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in animal models of menopause. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or stress axis, has been proposed as a pathway through which estrogens improve affective-like behaviors. Anticoagulant 17β-aminoestrogens (17β-AEs) butolame and pentolame mimic some effects of estradiol (E2), i.e., on female rodent sexual behavior, with opposite actions on coagulation. However, their psychoactive actions have not been explored. On the basis of similitude with E2's effects, we hypothesized that these 17β-AEs would induce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, which would be reflected in a reduction of activity in the HPA axis. In ovariectomized female rats, chronic treatment with prolame (60 μg/kg), butolame (65 μg/kg) and pentolame (70 μg/kg) reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (evidenced by an increase in time in open arms, E2 (40 μg/kg) +176%; prolame +201%; butolame, +237%; and pentolame +295%, in comparison to the control vehicle group 100%). Pentolame also decreased significantly anxiety-like behavior in the burying behavior test. Prolame and E2 produced a significantly antidepressant-like action, which was not induced by butolame and pentolame. Behavioral effects of 17β-AEs (and E2) on anxiety and depression did not follow the same pattern than corticosterone or E2 levels; they also were associated to changes in locomotor activity, evaluated by the open field test. These results constitute the first evidence of specific and selective actions of butolame and pentolame as anxiolytics for females with a hypoestrogenic condition. Results also confirm the potential of prolame as an antidepressant steroid with equivalent actions to E2. Psychoactive properties of 17β-AEs in combinations with reduced adverse effects on coagulation, suggest that 17β-AEs may be a good alternative replacement therapy for women with symptoms associated with menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lemini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - E García-Albor
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14370 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - B Cruz-López
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14370 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - G Matamoros-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14370 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - L Martínez-Mota
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14370 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Fayed AE. Review article: health benefits of some physiologically active ingredients and their suitability as yoghurt fortifiers. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:2512-21. [PMID: 25892751 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is concerned with health benefits of two main physiologically active ingredients namely, Isoflavones and γ-Aminobutyric acid, with emphasis on their fitness for fortification of yoghurt to be consumed as a functional food. Isoflavones (ISO) are part of the diphenol compounds, called "phytoestrogens," which are structurally and functionally similar to estradiol, the human estrogen, but much less potent. Because of this similarity, ISO were suggested to have preventive effects for many kinds of hormone-dependent diseases. In nature, ISO usually occur as glycosides and, once deconjugated by the intestinal microflora, the ISO can be absorbed into the blood. At present, it seems convincing their possible protective actions against various cancers, osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms and high levels of blood cholesterol as well as the epidemiological evidence. Γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), it is an amino acid that has long been reported to lower blood pressure by intravenous administration in experimental animals and in human subjects. GABA is present in many vegetables and fruits but not in dairy products. GABA was reported to lower blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. It was suggested that low-dose oral GABA has a hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive. Yoghurt beyond its ability to be probiotic food via its culturing with the gut strains, it could further carry more healthy benefits when it was fortified with physiological active ingredients, especially GABA versus ISO preferring, whether, bacteriologically or biochemically, a fortification level of 50 mg ISO/kg or 200 mg GABA/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Fayed
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gil Ferreira C, Aran V, Zalcberg-Renault I, Victorino AP, Salem JH, Bonamino MH, Vieira FM, Zalis M. KRAS mutations: variable incidences in a Brazilian cohort of 8,234 metastatic colorectal cancer patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:73. [PMID: 24720724 PMCID: PMC3997472 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS mutations are frequently found in colorectal cancer (CRC) indicating the importance of its genotyping in the study of the molecular mechanisms behind this disease. Although major advances have occurred over the past decade, there are still important gaps in our understanding of CRC carcinogenesis, particularly whether sex-linked factors play any role. METHODS The profile of KRAS mutations in the Brazilian population was analyzed by conducting direct sequencing of KRAS codons 12 and 13 belonging to 8,234 metastatic CRC patient samples. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue, exon 1 was amplified by PCR and submitted to direct sequencing. The data obtained was analysed comparing different geographical regions, gender and age. RESULTS The median age was 59 years and the overall percentage of wild-type and mutated KRAS was 62.8% and 31.9%, respectively. Interestingly, different percentages of mutated KRAS patients were observed between male and female patients (32.5% versus 34.8%, respectively; p = 0.03). KRAS Gly12Asp mutation was the most prevalent for both genders and for most regions, with the exception of the North where Gly12Val was the most frequent mutation found. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge this is one of the largest cohorts of KRAS genotyping in CRC patients and the largest to indicate a higher incidence of KRAS mutation in females compared to males in Brazil. Nevertheless, further research is required to better address the impact of gender differences in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gil Ferreira
- Progenética Diagnósticos Moleculares, Av, Presidente Vargas, 962 3 Andar, Cep: 20071-002 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Rudolph A, Hein R, Lindström S, Beckmann L, Behrens S, Liu J, Aschard H, Bolla MK, Wang J, Truong T, Cordina-Duverger E, Menegaux F, Brüning T, Harth V, Severi G, Baglietto L, Southey M, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Figueroa JD, Eriksson M, Humpreys K, Darabi H, Olson JE, Stevens KN, Vachon CM, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Ashworth A, Orr N, Schoemaker M, Webb PM, Guénel P, Brauch H, Giles G, García-Closas M, Czene K, Chenevix-Trench G, Couch FJ, Andrulis IL, Swerdlow A, Hunter DJ, Flesch-Janys D, Easton DF, Hall P, Nevanlinna H, Kraft P, Chang-Claude J. Genetic modifiers of menopausal hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk: a genome-wide interaction study. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:875-87. [PMID: 24080446 PMCID: PMC3863710 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Women using menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) are at increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC). To detect genetic modifiers of the association between current use of MHT and BC risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of four genome-wide case-only studies followed by replication in 11 case-control studies. We used a case-only design to assess interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and current MHT use on risk of overall and lobular BC. The discovery stage included 2920 cases (541 lobular) from four genome-wide association studies. The top 1391 SNPs showing P values for interaction (Pint) <3.0 × 10(-3) were selected for replication using pooled case-control data from 11 studies of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, including 7689 cases (676 lobular) and 9266 controls. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to derive combined Pint. No SNP reached genome-wide significance in either the discovery or combined stage. We observed effect modification of current MHT use on overall BC risk by two SNPs on chr13 near POMP (combined Pint≤8.9 × 10(-6)), two SNPs in SLC25A21 (combined Pint≤4.8 × 10(-5)), and three SNPs in PLCG2 (combined Pint≤4.5 × 10(-5)). The association between lobular BC risk was potentially modified by one SNP in TMEFF2 (combined Pint≤2.7 × 10(-5)), one SNP in CD80 (combined Pint≤8.2 × 10(-6)), three SNPs on chr17 near TMEM132E (combined Pint≤2.2×10(-6)), and two SNPs on chr18 near SLC25A52 (combined Pint≤4.6 × 10(-5)). In conclusion, polymorphisms in genes related to solute transportation in mitochondria, transmembrane signaling, and immune cell activation are potentially modifying BC risk associated with current use of MHT. These findings warrant replication in independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWIG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keith Humpreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kristen N. Stevens
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Nicholas Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Minouk Schoemaker
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Penny M. Webb
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - AOCS Management Group
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Sections of Epidemiology and Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Jayakrishnan TT, Groeschl RT, George B, Thomas JP, Clark Gamblin T, Turaga KK. Review of the impact of antineoplastic therapies on the risk for cholelithiasis and acute cholecystitis. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:240-7. [PMID: 24114054 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of cholecystitis in patients with malignancies can potentially disrupt their treatment and alter prognosis. This review aims to identify antineoplastic interventions associated with increased risk of cholecystitis in cancer patients. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was developed to identify articles pertaining to risk factors and complications of cholecystitis in cancer patients. FDA-issued labels of novel antineoplastic drugs released after 2010 were hand-searched to identify more therapies associated with cholecystitis in nonpublished studies. RESULTS Of an initial 2,932 articles, 124 were reviewed in the study. Postgastrectomy patients have a high (5-30 %) incidence of gallstone disease, and 1-7 % develop symptomatic disease. One randomized trial addressing the role of cholecystectomy concurrent with gastrectomy is currently underway. Among other risk groups, patients with neuroendocrine tumors treated with somatostatin analogs have a 15 % risk of cholelithiasis, and most are symptomatic. Hepatic artery based therapies carry a risk of cholecystitis (0.02-24 %), although the risk is reduced with selective catheterization. Myelosuppression related to chemotherapeutic agents (0.4 %), bone marrow transplantation, and treatment with novel multikinase inhibitors are associated with high risk of cholecystitis. CONCLUSIONS There are several risk factors for gallbladder-related surgical emergencies in patients with advanced malignancies. Incidental cholecystectomy at index operation should be considered in patients planned for gastrectomy, and candidates for regional therapies to the liver or somatostatin analogs. While prophylactic cholecystectomy is currently recommended for patients with cholelithiasis receiving myeloablative therapy, this strategy may have value in patients treated with multikinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, and oncolytic viral therapy based on evolving evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejus T Jayakrishnan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Racine A, Bijon A, Fournier A, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F, Carbonnel F, Boutron-Ruault MC. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cholecystectomy: a prospective study based on the French E3N cohort. CMAJ 2013; 185:555-61. [PMID: 23509128 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.121490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in the United States and the United Kingdom have reported an increased risk of cholecystectomy among women exposed to menopausal hormone therapy, but with substantial heterogeneity between types of hormone treatments. We evaluated the risk of cholecystectomy associated with different regimens of menopausal hormone therapy in a large prospective cohort study. METHODS Between 1992 and 2008, 70 928 menopausal women from the French E3N study cohort were sent questionnaires assessing their use of menopausal hormone therapy, medical history and lifestyle characteristics. The primary outcome was cholecystectomy. We analyzed the risk of cholecystectomy associated with use of menopausal hormone therapy using Cox proportional models, with age as time-scale. RESULTS During follow-up, 45 984 (64.8%) of the participants were exposed to menopausal hormone therapy, and 2819 cholecystectomies were recorded. The use of menopausal hormone therapy was associated with an increased risk of cholecystectomy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.20) compared with women who were not exposed to menopausal hormone therapy. The association was restricted to unopposed oral estrogen therapy (adjusted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14-1.67). Over 5 years, about 1 cholecystectomy in excess would be expected in every 150 women using oral estrogen therapy without progestogens, compared with women not exposed to menopausal hormone therapy. INTERPRETATION The risk of cholecystectomy was increased among women exposed to oral estrogen menopausal hormone therapy, especially oral regimens without a progestagen. Complicated gallstone disease should be added to the list of potential adverse events to be considered when balancing the benefits and risks associated with menopausal hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Racine
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), the Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health and Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.
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Secky L, Svoboda M, Klameth L, Bajna E, Hamilton G, Zeillinger R, Jäger W, Thalhammer T. The sulfatase pathway for estrogen formation: targets for the treatment and diagnosis of hormone-associated tumors. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:957605. [PMID: 23476785 PMCID: PMC3586502 DOI: 10.1155/2013/957605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The extragonadal synthesis of biological active steroid hormones from their inactive precursors in target tissues is named "intracrinology." Of particular importance for the progression of estrogen-dependent cancers is the in situ formation of the biological most active estrogen, 17beta-estradiol (E2). In cancer cells, conversion of inactive steroid hormone precursors to E2 is accomplished from inactive, sulfated estrogens in the "sulfatase pathway" and from androgens in the "aromatase pathway." Here, we provide an overview about expression and function of enzymes of the "sulfatase pathway," particularly steroid sulfatase (STS) that activates estrogens and estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) that converts active estrone (E1) and other estrogens to their inactive sulfates. High expression of STS and low expression of SULT1E1 will increase levels of active estrogens in malignant tumor cells leading to the stimulation of cell proliferation and cancer progression. Therefore, blocking the "sulfatase pathway" by STS inhibitors may offer an attractive strategy to reduce levels of active estrogens. STS inhibitors either applied in combination with aromatase inhibitors or as novel, dual aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibiting drugs are currently under investigation. Furthermore, STS inhibitors are also suitable as enzyme-based cancer imaging agents applied in the biomedical imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET) for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Secky
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Klameth
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Bajna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zeillinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Thalhammer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Efficacy and side effects of chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms: a critical review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2012:568106. [PMID: 23365599 PMCID: PMC3551256 DOI: 10.1155/2012/568106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates 23 (9 Chinese and 14 non-Chinese) randomized controlled trials for efficacy and side effects of Chinese herbal medicine on menopausal symptoms. Menopause was diagnosed according to western medicine criteria in all studies while seven Chinese studies and one non-Chinese study further stratified the participants using traditional Chinese medical diagnosis "Zheng differentiation." Efficacy was reported by all 9 Chinese and 9/14 non-Chinese papers. Side effects and adverse events were generally mild and infrequent. Only ten severe adverse events were reported, two with possible association with the therapy. CHM did not increase the endometrial thickness, a common side effect of hormone therapy. None of the studies investigated long-term side effects. Critical analysis revealed that (1) high-quality studies on efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal syndrome are rare and have the drawback of lacking traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis (Zheng-differentiation). (2) Chinese herbal medicine may be effective for at least some menopausal symptoms while side effects are likely less than hormone therapy. (3) All these findings need to be confirmed in further well-designed comprehensive studies meeting the standard of evidence-based medicine and including Zheng-differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause can be a distressing and disruptive time for many women, with many experiencing hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal atrophy and dryness. Postmenopausal women are also at increased risk of osteoporosis. Interventions that decrease the severity and frequency of these menopausal symptoms are likely to improve a woman's well-being and quality of life. Hormone therapy has been shown to be effective in controlling the symptoms of menopause; however, many potentially serious adverse effects have been associated with this treatment. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that black cohosh may be a biologically plausible alternative treatment for menopause; even so, findings from studies investigating the clinical effectiveness of black cohosh have, to date, been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa or Actaea racemosa) for treating menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies were identified through AARP Ageline, AMED, AMI, BioMed Central gateway, CAM on PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Health Source Nursing/Academic edition, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Natural medicines comprehensive database, PsycINFO, TRIP database, clinical trial registers and the reference lists of included trials; up to March 2012. Content experts and manufacturers of black cohosh extracts were also contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials comparing orally administered monopreparations of black cohosh to placebo or active medication in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials, extracted data and completed the 'Risk of bias' assessment. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS Sixteen randomised controlled trials, recruiting a total of 2027 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, were identified. All studies used oral monopreparations of black cohosh at a median daily dose of 40 mg, for a mean duration of 23 weeks. Comparator interventions included placebo, hormone therapy, red clover and fluoxetine. Reported outcomes included vasomotor symptoms, vulvovaginal symptoms, menopausal symptom scores and adverse effects. There was no significant difference between black cohosh and placebo in the frequency of hot flushes (mean difference (MD) 0.07 flushes per day; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.43 to 0.56 flushes per day; P=0.79; 393 women; three trials; moderate heterogeneity: I(2) = 47%) or in menopausal symptom scores (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.10; 95% CI -0.32 to 0.11; P = 0.34; 357 women; four trials; low heterogeneity: I(2) = 21%). Compared to black cohosh, hormone therapy significantly reduced daily hot flush frequency (three trials; data not pooled) and menopausal symptom scores (SMD 0.32; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.51; P=0.0009; 468 women; five trials; substantial heterogeneity: I(2) = 69%). These findings should be interpreted with caution given the heterogeneity between studies. Comparisons of the effectiveness of black cohosh and other interventions were either inconclusive (because of considerable heterogeneity or an insufficient number of studies) or not statistically significant. Similarly, evidence on the safety of black cohosh was inconclusive, owing to poor reporting. There were insufficient data to pool results for health-related quality of life, sexuality, bone health, vulvovaginal atrophic symptoms and night sweats. No trials reported cost-effectiveness data. The quality of included trials was generally unclear, owing to inadequate reporting. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of black cohosh for menopausal symptoms. However, there is adequate justification for conducting further studies in this area. The uncertain quality of identified trials highlights the need for improved reporting of study methods, particularly with regards to allocation concealment and the handling of incomplete outcome data. The effect of black cohosh on other important outcomes, such as health-related quality of life, sexuality, bone health, night sweats and cost-effectiveness also warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Leach
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Srivastava A, Sharma KL, Srivastava N, Misra S, Mittal B. Significant role of estrogen and progesterone receptor sequence variants in gallbladder cancer predisposition: a multi-analytical strategy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40162. [PMID: 22808109 PMCID: PMC3393738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoma of gallbladder (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy. The higher incidence of gallbladder cancer in women has been partly attributed to hormonal factors. Therefore the present study was designed to explore the role of genetic variants in estrogen (ESR1, ESR2) and progesterone (PGR) receptors in conferring risk of gallbladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present case-control study recruited total of 860 subjects, including 410 GBC patients, 230 gallstone patients and 220 controls. We examined the associations of 6 selected polymorphisms in three genes: ESR1 (rs2234693, rs9340799, rs1801132), ESR2 (rs1271572, rs1256049) and PGR (rs1042838) with GBC risk. Genotyping for all the polymorphisms was done using PCR-RFLP. Multifactor dimensionality reduction and classification and regression tree approaches were combined with logistic regression to discover high-order gene-gene interactions in hormonal pathway. RESULTS On comparing the genotype frequency distribution in gallstone and GBC patients with that of healthy subjects, the homozygous variant genotypes of ESR1-397TT (rs2234693) polymorphism showed significant risk for developing gallstone [odds ratio: OR = 2.9] and GBC [OR = 1.8] respectively. Detailed haplotypes analysis suggested that ESR1 T( rs2234693)G( rs9340799)C( rs1801132) have significant association in conferring risk for both gallstones [OR = 2.2] and GBC [OR = 3.0]. However, the variant-containing genotypes (DI+II) of PGR (rs1042838) showed low risk in both GBC [OR = 0.4] and gallstone patients [OR = 0.4].On performing the MDR analysis, ESR1 IVS1-397C>T, ESR1 IVS1-351A>G, and ESR2-789 A>C yielded the highest testing accuracy of 0.634. These results were further supported by the CART analysis which revealed that individuals with the combined genotypes of ESR1-397 CT or TT, ESR1-351 AG or GG and ESR2 -789 AA had the highest risk for GBC [OR = 3.9]. CONCLUSION Using multi-analytical approaches, our study showed important role of ESR1 IVS1-397C>T, ESR1 IVS1-351A>G, and ESR2-789 A>C variants in GBC susceptibility and the risk appears to be mediated through gallstone dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Kiran Lata Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Neena Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University (CSMMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Surgical Oncology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University (CSMMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
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Khadilkar S. Hormone Replacement Therapy: An Update. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2012; 62:261-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s13224-012-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ryan J, Canonico M, Carcaillon L, Carrière I, Scali J, Dartigues JF, Dufouil C, Ritchie K, Scarabin PY, Ancelin ML. Hormone treatment, estrogen receptor polymorphisms and mortality: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34112. [PMID: 22457817 PMCID: PMC3311587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between hormone treatment (HT) and mortality remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether the risk of mortality associated with HT use varies depending on the specific characteristics of treatment and genetic variability in terms of the estrogen receptor. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A prospective, population-based study of 5135 women aged 65 years and older who were recruited from three cities in France and followed over six years. Detailed information related to HT use was obtained and five estrogen receptor polymorphisms were genotyped. The total follow-up was 25,436 person-years and during this time 352 women died. Cancer (36.4%) and cardiovascular disease (19.3%) were the major causes of death. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, education, centre, living situation, comorbidity, depression, physical and mental incapacities, indicated no significant association between HT and mortality, regardless of the type or duration of treatment, or the age at initiation. However, the association between HT and all-cause or cancer-related mortality varied across women, with significant interactions identified with three estrogen receptor polymorphisms (p-values = 0.004 to 0.03) in adjusted analyses. Women carrying the C allele of ESR1 rs2234693 had a decreased risk of all-cause mortality with HT (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.97), while in stark contrast, those homozygous for the T allele had a significantly increased risk of cancer-related mortality (HR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.23-8.20). The findings were similar for ESR1 rs9340799 and ESR2 rs1271572. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The risk of mortality was not associated with HT duration, type or age at initiation. It was however not equal across all women, with some women appearing genetically more vulnerable to the effects of HT in terms of their estrogen receptor genotype. These findings, if confirmed in another independent study, may help explain the differential susceptibility of women to the beneficial or adverse effects of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ryan
- Inserm U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
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Xu LW, Kluwe L, Zhang TT, Li SN, Mou YY, Sang Z, Ma J, Lu X, Sun ZJ. Chinese herb mix Tiáo-Gēng-Tāng possesses antiaging and antioxidative effects and upregulates expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in ovariectomized rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2011; 11:137. [PMID: 22206438 PMCID: PMC3286390 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Herb mixtures are widely used as an alternative to hormonal therapy in China for treatment of the menopausal syndrome. However, composition of these herb mixtures are complex and their working mechanism is often unknown. This study investigated the effect of Tiáo-Gēng-Tāng (TG-decoction), a Chinese herbal mixture extract, in balancing female hormones, regulating expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), and preventing aging-related tissue damage. Methods Ovariectomized 5-month-old female rats were used to model menopause and treated with either TG-decoction or conjugated estrogen for 8 weeks. Estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in serum and in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta were studied by real-time PCR and western blotting. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), oxidation indicator superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and tissue damage parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using standard assays. Aging-related ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria were studied in all animals by transmission electron microscopy. Results TG-decoction-treatment elevated E2 and lowered FSH in serum of ovariectomized rats. The potency and efficacy of TG-decoction on the hypothalamus was generally weaker than that of conjugated estrogens. However, TG-decoction was superior in upregulating expression of ERα and β. TG-decoction increased hypothalamic SOD and T-AOC levels and decreased MDAlevels and mitochondrial damage in hypothalamic neurons. Conclusions TG-decoction balances female hormones similarly to conjugated estrogens but less effectively. However, it is superior in up regulating ERα and β and exhibits antioxidative antiaging activities. Whilst it shares similar effects with estrogen, TG-decoction also seems to have distinctive and more complex functions and activities.
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Rudic JS, Poropat G, Krstic MN, Bjelakovic G, Gluud C. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD009146. [PMID: 22161447 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009146.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with primary biliary cirrhosis often suffer from postmenopausal osteoporosis due to their age, or osteoporosis secondary to their liver disease, or treatments provided for their liver disease. Hormone replacement increases bone mineral density and reduces fractures in postmenopausal women. On the other hand, hormone replacement increases the risk of various adverse events. We could not identify any meta-analyses or systematic reviews on hormone replacement in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded, LILACS, clinicaltrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and full text searches were conducted until November 2011. Manufacturers and authors were contacted during the review conductance. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised clinical trials of hormone replacement in primary biliary cirrhosis administered by any route, or regimen, or dose compared with placebo or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors extracted data. RevMan Analysis was used for statistical analysis of dichotomous data with risk ratio (RR) or risk difference (RD) and of continuous data with mean difference (MD), all with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Methodological domains were used to assess risk of systematic errors (bias). Trial sequential analysis was used to control for random errors (play of chance). MAIN RESULTS Two trials with 49 participants were included. One trial had low risk of bias. The other trial had high risk of bias. Hormone replacement had no effect on all-cause mortality (RD 0.00; 95% CI -0.11 to 0.11, I² = 0%) and fractures (RD -0.08; 95% CI -0.24 to 0.07, I² = 0%). Hormone replacement significantly increased adverse events and number of patients having hormone replacement withdrawn due to adverse events (RR 5.26; 95% CI 1.26 to 22.04, I² = 0%). Hormone replacement had no significant effect on lumbar spine bone mineral density (MD 1.25 g/cm² yearֿ¹; 95% CI -0.91 to 3.42, I² = 0%). On the other hand, a significant increase in proximal femur bone mineral density was observed in the control group (MD 2.24 g/cm² yearֿ¹; 95% CI 0.74 to 3.74, I² = 0%). Hormone replacement had no significant effect on liver-related mortality, liver transplantation, or liver-related morbidity. Hormone replacement had no significant effect on serum bilirubin concentration (MD 4.60 µmol/L; 95% CI -3.42 to 12.62, I² = 0%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We did not find evidence to support the use of hormone replacement for women with primary biliary cirrhosis. It seems that hormone replacement is connected with a significant increase in the occurrence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena S Rudic
- Department of Hepatology, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, Belgrade, Serbia, 11000
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Xu S, Linher-Melville K, Yang BB, Wu D, Li J. Micro-RNA378 (miR-378) regulates ovarian estradiol production by targeting aromatase. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3941-51. [PMID: 21846797 PMCID: PMC3176644 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol is a steroid hormone that not only plays an important role in ovarian follicular development but also is associated with many reproductive disorders. Owing to the importance of aromatase in the production of estradiol, the regulation of aromatase gene expression at the transcriptional level has been an extensive area of study for over two decades. However, its regulation at the posttranscriptional level has remained unclear. Here, we show that micro-RNA378 (miR-378) is spatiotemporally expressed in porcine granulosa cells, the cells that generate estradiol in the ovary during follicular development, in an inverse manner compared with the expression of aromatase. In vitro overexpression and inhibition experiments revealed that aromatase expression, and therefore estradiol production, by granulosa cells, is posttranscriptionally down-regulated by miR-378. Furthermore, site-directed mutation studies identified two binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the aromatase coding sequence that are critical for the action of miR-378. Interestingly, overexpression of the aromatase 3'-UTR enhanced aromatase expression at the protein level in granulosa cells, possibly mediated by the binding of miR-378 within this region, thereby reducing the binding of this micro-RNA to the endogenous aromatase 3'-UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Xu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Daubisse-Marliac L, Delafosse P, Boitard J, Poncet F, Grosclaude P, Colonna M. Breast cancer incidence and time trend in France from 1990 to 2007: a population-based study from two French cancer registries. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:329-34. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rondini EA, Harvey AE, Steibel JP, Hursting SD, Fenton JI. Energy balance modulates colon tumor growth: Interactive roles of insulin and estrogen. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:370-82. [PMID: 21480390 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and progression. However, the impact of obesity on CRC in women is dependent on ovarian hormone status. The purpose of this study was to determine the interactive roles of obesity and ovarian hormones on serum markers of inflammation, cell signaling, and transplanted colon tumor growth. Female C57BL/6 mice (6 wk) were either ovariectomized (OVX) or ovaries left intact (nonovariectomized, NOVX) and randomized to receive a (1) control, (2) 30% calorie-restricted (CR), or (3) diet-induced obese (DIO) diet regimen for 20 wk to induce differing levels of adiposity. Serum was collected and inflammatory and metabolic markers were measured using an antibody array (62 proteins) and ELISAs. Mice were subcutaneously injected with syngeneic MC38 colon cancer cells after 20 wk and sacrificed 4 wk later. CR mice had the smallest tumors irrespective of hormone status, whereas the largest tumors were observed in DIO-OVX mice. Glucose tolerance was impaired in OVX mice, being most severe in the DIO-OVX group. Cytokine arrays suggested that in CR animals, inhibition of tumor growth paralleled insulin sensitivity and associated changes in leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-BPs. Conversely, in DIO-OVX animals, tumor growth was associated with insulin and leptin resistance as well as higher levels of pro-inflammatory proteins. In vitro, leptin and adiponectin had no effect, whereas insulin induced MC38 cell proliferation and MAPK activation. Co-treatment with estrogen blocked the stimulatory effects of insulin. Thus, our in vitro and in vivo data indicate female reproductive hormones have a modulating effect on obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation, which may directly or indirectly influence CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rondini
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Kokka F, Brockbank E, Oram D, Gallagher C, Bryant A. Hormonal therapy in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 2010:CD007926. [PMID: 21154390 PMCID: PMC4164823 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007926.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is a cancer of the lining of the womb and worldwide is the seventh most common cancer in women. Treatment with hormones is thought to be beneficial in patients with endometrial cancer. OBJECTIVES To assess the indications, effectiveness and safety of hormone therapy for advanced or recurrent epithelial endometrial cancer. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE up to May 2009 and and CENTRAL (Issue 2, 2009). We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies, and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that studied hormonal therapy in adult women diagnosed with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. Comparisons were restricted to single-trial analyses so we did not synthesise data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS We found six trials (542 participants) that met our inclusion criteria. These trials assessed the effectiveness of hormonal therapy in women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer as a single agent, as part of combination therapy and as low versus high dose. All comparisons were restricted to single-trial analyses, where we found no evidence that hormonal therapy as a single agent or as a combination treatment prolonged overall or five-year disease-free survival of women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. However, low-dose hormonal therapy may have had a benefit in terms of overall and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to high-dose hormonal therapy (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.66 and HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.71 for overall and PFS, respectively). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found insufficient evidence that hormonal treatment in any form, dose or as part of combination therapy improves the survival of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. However, a large number of patients would be needed to demonstrate an effect on survival and none of the included RCTs had a sufficient number of patients to demonstrate a significant difference. In the absence of a proven survival advantage and the heterogeneity of patient populations, the decision to use any type of hormonal therapy should be individualised and with the intent to palliate the disease. It is debatable whether outcomes such as quality of life, treatment response or palliative measures such as relieving symptoms should take preference over overall and PFS as the major objectives of future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Kokka
- Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother HospitalWomen's Health, Birchington WardSt Peters RoadKentUKCT9 4AN
| | - Elly Brockbank
- St. Bartholomew's HospitalDepartment of Gynaecological OncologyBarts and The London TrustWest SmithfieldLondonUKEC1A 7BE
| | - David Oram
- St. Bartholomew's HospitalDepartment of Gynaecological OncologyBarts and The London TrustWest SmithfieldLondonUKEC1A 7BE
| | - Chris Gallagher
- St Bartholomew's HospitalMedical OncologyBarts and The London TrustWest SmithfieldLondonUKEC1A 7BE
| | - Andrew Bryant
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Health & SocietyMedical School New BuildRichardson RoadNewcastle upon TyneUKNE2 4AX
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Kapur P, Wuttke W, Seidlova-Wuttke D. The Cimicifuga racemosa special extract BNO 1055 prevents hot flashes in ovariectomized rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:890-894. [PMID: 20696560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hot flashes are a disorder of thermoregulation due to the lack of estrogens and are the most common and characteristic climacteric complaint. Hormone replacement therapy is the gold standard treatment but now its use is limited due to several side effects. Need therefore arises to search for non-estrogenic alternatives. It is well established that extracts of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) ease climacteric complaints but solid animal experimental data supporting such effects are not available. The availability of sensitive transponders which record subcutaneous temperature continuously enables nowadays experiments in rats to establish whether they have hot flashes following ovariectomy (Seidlova-Wuttke et al. 2003) and if so, whether they can be influenced by the extract of CR BNO 1055. Intact Sprague-Dawley rats (n=16) were acclimatized and their subcutaneous body temperature was measured in 5 min intervals and mean values from 3h recordings were calculated. Thereafter, the rats were ovx and fed either with soy free (sf) or CR BNO 1055 (25 mg/animal/day) food. Temperature was recorded again after acute and sub-acute application of CR. In individual intact animals temperature was stable over the 3h recording period. Following ovx temperature pulses appeared with peaks occurring every 20-40 min. These fluctuations were not seen in CR BNO 1055 treated animals resulting in significantly higher mean temperatures in ovx in comparison to intact or ovx CR BNO treated rats. This reduction of hot flashes by BNO 1055 outlasted the experimental period of 3 weeks. These results suggest that the ovx rats and the new temperature-sensitive device may be useful for the study of hot flashes. Furthermore the results prove that the CR BNO 1055 exerts hot flash reducing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kapur
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Estrogen-dependent gallbladder carcinogenesis in LXRbeta-/- female mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14763-8. [PMID: 20679224 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009483107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive disease with poor prognosis that is two to six times more frequent in women than men. The development of gallbladder cancer occurs over a long time (more than 15 y) and evolves from chronic inflammation to dysplasia/metaplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. In the present study we found that, in female mice in which the oxysterol receptor liver X receptor-beta (LXRbeta) has been inactivated, preneoplastic lesions of the gallbladder developed and evolved to cancer in old animals. LXRbeta is a nuclear receptor involved in the control of lipid homeostasis, glucose metabolism, inflammation, proliferation, and CNS development. LXRbeta(-/-) female gallbladders were severely inflamed, with regions of dysplasia and high cell density, hyperchromasia, metaplasia, and adenomas. No abnormalities were evident in male mice, nor in LXRalpha(-/-) or LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) animals of either sex. Interestingly, the elimination of estrogens with ovariectomy prevented development of preneoplastic lesions in LXRbeta(-/-) mice. The etiopathological mechanism seems to involve TGF-beta signaling, as the precancerous lesions were characterized by strong nuclear reactivity of phospho-SMAD-2 and SMAD-4 and loss of E-cadherin expression. Upon ovariectomy, E-cadherin was reexpressed on the cell membranes and immunoreactivity of pSMAD-2 in the nuclei was reduced. These findings suggest that LXRbeta in a complex interplay with estrogens and TGF-beta could play a crucial role in the malignant transformation of the gallbladder epithelium.
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Saensak S, Vutyavanich T, Somboonporn W, Srisurapanont M. Relaxation for perimenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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McIntosh MD, Ferrando S. Perimenopausal Postpartum Depression After Conception by Assisted Reproductive Technology. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3182(10)70708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sherlock M, Ayuk J, Tomlinson JW, Toogood AA, Aragon-Alonso A, Sheppard MC, Bates AS, Stewart PM. Mortality in patients with pituitary disease. Endocr Rev 2010; 31:301-42. [PMID: 20086217 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary disease is associated with increased mortality predominantly due to vascular disease. Control of cortisol secretion and GH hypersecretion (and cardiovascular risk factor reduction) is key in the reduction of mortality in patients with Cushing's disease and acromegaly, retrospectively. For patients with acromegaly, the role of IGF-I is less clear-cut. Confounding pituitary hormone deficiencies such as gonadotropins and particularly ACTH deficiency (with higher doses of hydrocortisone replacement) may have a detrimental effect on outcome in patients with pituitary disease. Pituitary radiotherapy is a further factor that has been associated with increased mortality (particularly cerebrovascular). Although standardized mortality ratios in pituitary disease are falling due to improved treatment, mortality for many conditions are still elevated above that of the general population, and therefore further measures are needed. Craniopharyngioma patients have a particularly increased risk of mortality as a result of the tumor itself and treatment to control tumor growth; this is a key area for future research in order to optimize the outcome for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sherlock
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Fretheim A, Lewin S. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) 17: Dealing with insufficient research evidence. Health Res Policy Syst 2009; 7 Suppl 1:S17. [PMID: 20018107 PMCID: PMC3271827 DOI: 10.1186/1478-4505-7-s1-s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is part of a series written for people responsible for making decisions about health policies and programmes and for those who support these decision makers. In this article, we address the issue of decision making in situations in which there is insufficient evidence at hand. Policymakers often have insufficient evidence to know with certainty what the impacts of a health policy or programme option will be, but they must still make decisions. We suggest four questions that can be considered when there may be insufficient evidence to be confident about the impacts of implementing an option. These are: 1. Is there a systematic review of the impacts of the option? 2. Has inconclusive evidence been misinterpreted as evidence of no effect? 3. Is it possible to be confident about a decision despite a lack of evidence? 4. Is the option potentially harmful, ineffective or not worth the cost?
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Oxman
- Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, P.O. Box 7004, St. Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Engler-Chiurazzi E, Tsang C, Nonnenmacher S, Liang WS, Corneveaux JJ, Prokai L, Huentelman MJ, Bimonte-Nelson HA. Tonic Premarin dose-dependently enhances memory, affects neurotrophin protein levels and alters gene expression in middle-aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:680-97. [PMID: 19883953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Premarin™ is the most commonly prescribed estrogenic component of hormone therapy, given since 1942. The current study is the first examining cognitive effects of tonic Premarin treatment in an animal model. Middle-aged ovariectomized (Ovx) rats received vehicle or one of three doses of Premarin (12, 24 or 36μg daily). Rats were tested on a spatial working and reference memory maze battery. Both medium- and high-dose Premarin enhanced memory retention, while low-dose Premarin impaired learning and memory retention. Correlations with serum hormone levels showed that as the ratio of estrone:17β-estradiol increased, animals tended to show better working memory performance. Taken together with the dissociation of dose-specific estrogenic profiles, results suggest that higher levels of estrone, in the presence of 17β-estradiol concentrations higher than that of Ovx levels, may be beneficial for memory. Moreover, Premarin exerted dose and brain-region specific effects on BDNF and NGF protein levels, with most marked changes in cingulate and perirhinal cortices. Hippocampal gene expression profiling demonstrated significant Premarin-induced transcriptional changes in genes linked to plasticity and cognition. These findings indicate that Premarin can impact memory and the brain, and that dosing should be recognized as a clinically relevant factor possibly affecting the direction and efficacy of cognitive outcome.
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Weldon D. The effects of corticosteroids on bone growth and bone density. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 103:3-11; quiz 11-3, 50. [PMID: 19663120 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the effects of both parenteral and inhaled corticosteroids on bone growth in children and the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in children and adults. DATA RESOURCES Articles in PubMed and MEDLINE published from 1983 to 2008 were searched. Keywords used included corticosteroids and bone growth, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bisphosphonates. STUDY SELECTION Publications reviewed include randomized, placebo-controlled studies of both children and adults. RESULTS Because systemic and high-dose inhaled corticosteroids affect bone growth of children taking these medications, stadiometry should be used to measure the growth of children. Osteoporosis due to repetitive courses of oral or parenteral corticosteroids and inhaled corticosteroids can develop gradually in the aging adult. Prophylaxis against osteoporosis requires an index of suspicion, assessment of bone density, supplemental calcium and vitamin D, and use of bisphosphonates to prevent bone fractures that could compromise the patient's quality of life. CONCLUSION Preventing corticosteroid-induced effects on bone metabolism can allow effective treatment of allergic disease without long-term adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weldon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
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