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Typology of European Sports Programmes for Welcoming Migrants: Contrasting Political Philosophies. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-023-01014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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2
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Bahji A, Di Nota PM, Groll D, Carleton RN, Anderson GS. Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress injuries among public safety personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2022; 11:255. [PMID: 36434683 PMCID: PMC9701019 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public safety personnel (PSP) are exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTE) far more often than the general public, which increases the risk for various post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs). While there are many evidence-based psychological interventions for PTSI, the effectiveness of each intervention for PSP remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The current study assessed the effectiveness and acceptability of psychological interventions for PTSI among PSPs. METHODS A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis were performed on the effectiveness and acceptability of psychotherapies for PTSIs (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) among PSP. The review adhered to the PRISMA reporting guidelines and used standardized mean differences (Cohen's d), rate ratios (RR), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to measure pooled effect sizes across studies; negative d values and RR values less than one indicated a reduction in symptoms compared to baseline or control groups. In addition, heterogeneity was quantified using I2, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. RESULTS The analyses included data from eight randomized controlled trials representing 402 PSP (79.4% male, 35.3 years). Psychological interventions included narrative exposure therapy (n = 1), cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 2), eclectic psychotherapy (n = 2), eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (n = 1), supportive counseling (n = 2), and group critical incident stress debriefing (n = 1). The interventions were associated with statistically significant reductions in symptoms associated with PTSD (d = - 1.23; 95% CI - 1.81, - 0.65; 7 studies; I2 = 81%), anxiety (- 0.76; 95% CI - 1.28, - 0.24; 3 studies; I2 = 47%), and depression (d = - 1.10; 95% CI - 1.62, - 0.58; 5 studies; I2 = 64%). There were smaller but statistically significant improvements at follow-up for symptoms of PTSD (d = - 1.29 [- 2.31, - 0.27]), anxiety (d = - 0.82 [- 1.20, - 0.44]), and depression (d = - 0.46 [- 0.77, - 0.14]). There were no statistically significant differences in dropout rates (RR = 1.00 [0.96, 1.05]), suggesting high acceptability across interventions. CONCLUSIONS There is preliminary evidence that psychotherapies help treat PTSIs in PSP; however, the shortage of high-quality studies on PSP indicates a need for additional research into treating PTSI among PSP. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42019133534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Bahji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paula M Di Nota
- Office of Applied Research and Graduate Studies, Justice Institute of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dianne Groll
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Jadhakhan F, Lambert N, Middlebrook N, Evans DW, Falla D. Is exercise/physical activity effective at reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in adults — A systematic review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:943479. [PMID: 36033016 PMCID: PMC9412746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundExercise has been used to manage symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The effect of exercise on PTSD outcomes has been previously explored in several studies. However, it still remains unclear what type of exercise/physical activity, intensity and duration is most effective for reducing symptoms of PTSD. A systematic review was conducted to determine which forms of exercise or physical activity have the greatest effect on PTSD outcome scores including an evaluation of exercise frequency and volume.MethodsThe following electronic databases were systematically searched from January 1980 to June 2021: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating adults aged 18 or over, reporting the effect of exercise and physical activities on PTSD symptom outcome scores. Two reviewers independently extracted information on study characteristics, exposure and outcomes. In total of 3,217 articles were screened and 23 full text articles further assessed, with 13 RCT's included in the review, covering seven exercise/physical activity interventions. The study protocol was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42021255131).ResultsThirteen studies from four countries involving a total of 531 patients were selected for inclusion. Individual forms of exercise/physical activity examined showed some effect on reducing PTSD symptoms but combined exercises (resistance training, aerobic, strength and yoga) administered over a 12 week period, three times a week for 30–60 min showed greater effects on PTSD symptoms.ConclusionThe limited evidence suggests that a combined exercise intervention has the best evidence for a having a beneficial effect on PTSD symptoms.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=255131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferozkhan Jadhakhan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Lambert
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Middlebrook
- Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Evans
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Deborah Falla
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Bagneris JR, Noël LT, Harris R, Bennett E. School-Based Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Among Children (Ages 5–11): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Bernard P, Chevance G, Kingsbury C, Baillot A, Romain AJ, Molinier V, Gadais T, Dancause KN. Climate Change, Physical Activity and Sport: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:1041-1059. [PMID: 33689139 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change impacts are associated with dramatic consequences for human health and threaten physical activity (PA) behaviors. OBJECTIVE The aims of this systematic review were to present the potential bidirectional associations between climate change impacts and PA behaviors in humans and to propose a synthesis of the literature through a conceptual model of climate change and PA. METHODS Studies published before October 2020 were identified through database searches in PubMed, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, GreenFILE, GeoRef, Scopus, JSTOR and Transportation Research Information Services. Studies examining the associations between PA domains and climate change (e.g., natural disasters, air pollution, and carbon footprint) were included. RESULTS A narrative synthesis was performed and the 74 identified articles were classified into 6 topics: air pollution and PA, extreme weather conditions and PA, greenhouse gas emissions and PA, carbon footprint among sport participants, natural disasters and PA and the future of PA and sport practices in a changing world. Then, a conceptual model was proposed to identify the multidimensional associations between climate change and PA as well as sport practices. Results indicated a consistent negative effect of air pollution, extreme temperatures and natural disasters on PA levels. This PA reduction is more severe in adults with chronic diseases, higher body mass index and the elderly. Sport and PA communities can play an important mitigating role in post-natural disaster contexts. However, transport related to sport practices is also a source of greenhouse gas emissions. CONCLUSION Climate change impacts affect PA at a worldwide scale. PA is observed to play both a mitigation and an amplification role in climate changes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42019128314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paquito Bernard
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculté des sciences, Complexe des Sciences, Pavillon des Sciences Biologiques (SB), Université du Québec à Montréal, UQÀM, Local: SB-4445, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada. .,Research Center, Montreal University Institute of Mental Health, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Celia Kingsbury
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculté des sciences, Complexe des Sciences, Pavillon des Sciences Biologiques (SB), Université du Québec à Montréal, UQÀM, Local: SB-4445, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal University Institute of Mental Health, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Baillot
- Department of Nursing, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada.,Institut du Savoir Montfort-Recherche, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ahmed-Jérôme Romain
- Research Center, Montreal University Institute of Mental Health, Montréal, QC, Canada.,École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Tegwen Gadais
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculté des sciences, Complexe des Sciences, Pavillon des Sciences Biologiques (SB), Université du Québec à Montréal, UQÀM, Local: SB-4445, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Kelsey N Dancause
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculté des sciences, Complexe des Sciences, Pavillon des Sciences Biologiques (SB), Université du Québec à Montréal, UQÀM, Local: SB-4445, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
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Nordbrandt MS, Sonne C, Mortensen EL, Carlsson J. Trauma-affected refugees treated with basic body awareness therapy or mixed physical activity as augmentation to treatment as usual-A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230300. [PMID: 32163509 PMCID: PMC7067472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is estimated to be as high as 30% among refugees. The coexistence of prevalent chronic pain is believed to maintain symptoms of PTSD and add complexity to the condition. Despite this, little evidence exists on how to treat PTSD and comorbid conditions best in trauma-affected refugees. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate if adding either BBAT or mixed physical activity to the treatment as usual (TAU) for trauma-affected refugees with PTSD would increase the treatment effect compared to TAU alone. METHOD Randomised controlled trial, 3-armed parallel group superiority study, conducted at Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Denmark. Participants were adult trauma-affected refugees with PTSD. Allocation ratio was 1:1:1, stratified for PTSD severity and gender. An open-label design was applied due to the nature of the intervention. Participants were randomised to receive either individual basic body awareness therapy (group B) or individual mixed physical activity (group M) one hour/week for 20 weeks plus TAU, or TAU only (group C). The primary outcome was PTSD severity measured by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01955538. RESULTS Of the 338 patients included (C/B/M = 110/114/114), 318 patients were eligible for intention-to-treat analysis (C/B/M = 104/105/109). On the primary outcome, intention-to-treat as well as per-protocol analyses showed small but significant improvement on scores from pre- to post-treatment in all three groups but with no significant difference in improvement between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings do not provide evidence that either BBAT or mixed physical activity as add-on treatment bring significantly larger improvement on symptoms of PTSD compared to TAU alone for adult, trauma-affected refugees. There is a need for studies on potential subpopulations of trauma-affected refugees who could benefit from physical activity as a part of their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sticker Nordbrandt
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region, Ballerup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Sonne
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region, Ballerup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Massey WV, Williams TL. Sporting Activities for Individuals Who Experienced Trauma During Their Youth: A Meta-Study. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:73-87. [PMID: 31154911 DOI: 10.1177/1049732319849563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to critically examine the qualitative research on childhood trauma survivors' experiences of sporting activities. A comprehensive search of health and social science databases, manual journal searches, and contact with experts yielded 7,395 records. Full-text screening resulted in a final sample of 16 studies. Meta-study methodology was used as a diagnostic tool to rigorously analyze the theory, methods, and findings of the included studies. Studies with explicit connections between philosophy, theory, and methodology resulted in a more robust and critical contribution to the literature. There was much diversity in terms of methodological approaches and qualitative methods which was important in revealing the multifaceted nature of experiences in sporting activities following trauma. Findings from the reviewed studies indicated that a sense of belonging, psychological escape, embodied experience, and the physical and social environmental are important considerations in the study of sporting activities for trauma survivors.
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Knappe F, Colledge F, Gerber M. Impact of an 8-Week Exercise and Sport Intervention on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Mental Health, and Physical Fitness among Male Refugees Living in a Greek Refugee Camp. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203904. [PMID: 31618825 PMCID: PMC6843378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the potential impact of exercise and sport training on symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, quality of life, pain, and fitness in male refugees living in a Greek refugee camp. Methods: This investigation was designed as a one group pre-test/post-test study. A total of 45 refugees (Mage = 25.6) participated in the data assessment. All participants were invited to engage in an 8-week exercise and sport intervention. Data were analysed with hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Baseline scores significantly predicted post-intervention scores across all study variables. Regression analyses showed that a higher participation rate predicted fewer anxiety symptoms, better health-related quality of life, higher self-perceived fitness, higher handgrip strength, and better cardiovascular fitness at post-intervention. A non-significant trend was also found for PTSD and depressive symptoms, showing that a higher participation rate was associated with fewer complaints at post-intervention. Conclusions: Among male refugees living in precarious conditions in a Greek refugee camp, frequency of participation in an 8-week exercise and sport training program seemed to have the potential to positively impact refugees’ health. Due to the pre-experimental study design, our results must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Knappe
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland.
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Kampling H, Brendel LK, Mittag O. (Neuro)Psychological Interventions for Non-Motor Symptoms in the Treatment of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: a Systematic Umbrella Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 29:166-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Nilsson H, Saboonchi F, Gustavsson C, Malm A, Gottvall M. Trauma-afflicted refugees' experiences of participating in physical activity and exercise treatment: a qualitative study based on focus group discussions. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1699327. [PMID: 31853335 PMCID: PMC6913663 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1699327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Refugees with prolonged and repeated experiences of trauma, often in combination with post-migration living difficulties, are subjected to severe levels of stress and stress-related ill health, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical activity (PA) is well-established as an effective stress reliever. However, the effect of PA and exercise has received scarce attention in the context of PTSD, and particularly in the field of refugees' health. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the experience of participation in PA and exercise as part of the treatment for trauma-afflicted refugees. Method: An explorative qualitative research design was used. Six focus group discussions were conducted with 33 female and male participants that had experience of group-based PA and exercise treatment. The gathered data was analysed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in one over-arching theme reflecting the participants overall experience of PA and exercise as a process of building resilience. Participants experienced improvements in both physical and mental health domains. Increased self-awareness and self-confidence were seen as additional important benefits, and the interruption of daily stressors provided a sense of relief and recovery. The treatment group settings were experienced as becoming a vehicle for overcoming social fear and isolation, which also carried an empowering and strength-building impact over to participants' family life and social relationships. Treatment characteristics were experienced as highly supportive and often referred to as the basis of other positive experiences and perceived health benefits. Conclusions: The result of this study outlines a detailed account of trauma-afflicted refugees' experiences and preferences of PA and exercise-based treatment from a broad range of perspectives. These findings provide a starting point for future research in this field and indicate a particular need for both research and intervention development to include the real-life impact of participating in such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nilsson
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish Red Cross Treatment Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Saboonchi
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Gustavsson
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Huddinge, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Andreas Malm
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish Red Cross Treatment Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Gottvall
- Department of Health Sciences, The Swedish Red Cross University College, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Akiyama T, Gregorio ER, Kobayashi J. Youth sports activity and young people's well-being after a disaster: a trial with the Mastery Approach to Coaching (MAC) in the Philippines. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:747. [PMID: 30348220 PMCID: PMC6196409 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sports activities is broadly utilized to support well-being of youth after a disaster or conflict. However, scientific validation of programs have not been conducted. The Mastery Approach to Coaching (MAC) is a coaching-education program on sports activities. The MAC reported to have a positive effect on youngsters’ self-esteem. As self-esteem is generally known to be beneficial for mental status, we tested the effect of a MAC program on students’ self-esteem in a disaster-affected area: Leyte, Philippines. We recruited 10th grade students from three schools; one school was allocated to the MAC intervention and the two schools to the control group. All schools were encouraged to involve students in volleyball from January to February 2015. In January 2015, MAC workshop was conducted in the intervention school before the sports activity. Results A total of 293 students completed the questionnaires. The intervention school (n = 51) showed a significant change in self-esteem, with the mean score increasing from 20.2 to 21.1 (p = 0.02). Neither school in the control group showed the significant change. The result showed the feasibility and a positive effect of sports activity with the MAC. However, further investigation should be conducted. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID: UMIN000033197 on June 30th 2018. Retrospectively registered
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto R Gregorio
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila/SEAMEO Regional Center for Public Health, Hospital Administration, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pedro Gil St., Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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12
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Morgan A, Sinclair H, Tan A, Thomas E, Castle R. Can scuba diving offer therapeutic benefit to military veterans experiencing physical and psychological injuries as a result of combat? A service evaluation of Deptherapy UK. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2832-2840. [PMID: 29958006 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1480667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the effectiveness of scuba diving in providing therapeutic and rehabilitative benefit to ex-service personnel who have experienced traumatic physical and/or psychological injuries resulting from combat.Methods: This study took the form of a service evaluation of Deptherapy, a UK-based niche charity offering support to military veterans who have experienced life-changing injuries. Deptherapy provides scuba diving qualifications, consisting of theory and practical diving experience, to participants alongside a Peer Support Buddy scheme that provides continuing support to servicemen involved with the charity. A total of 15 male veterans were invited to take part in the study. The methodology comprised retrospective and current quantitative measures of mental well-being and functional ability, utilising the General Health Questionnaire-28, and subsequent semi-structured interviews with participants, their families and health professionals.Results: Participants reported an improvement in levels of anxiety, depression and social functioning, and a reduction in insomnia, following their involvement in organised scuba diving activities. There was a mean average difference of 14.3 points improvement on the General Health Questionnaire-28 scale variants between prior interaction with Deptherapy and current perceptions following engagement with the programme. The positive perceptions, as indicated from the semi-structured interviews, were more pronounced in those whose injuries were predominantly psychological, rather than physical.Conclusion: Scuba diving can offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for ex-military amputees experiencing co-morbid anxiety and/or chronic psychological adjustment disorders, notably in terms of improvements in social dysfunction and symptomology of depression.Implications for Rehabilitation Scuba Diving as a TherapyMilitary combat can result in devastating, chronic physical and/or psychological injury.Current research suggests that a combination of medical and psychological therapy may prove to be the most beneficial for military veterans.Scuba diving has the potential to benefit injured veterans due the requirement of complete focus and the feeling of weightlessness when underwater.This article evaluates whether scuba diving is an effective physical and psychological therapy through GHQ-28 analysis and veteran interviews.Scuba diving benefited injured veterans in terms of chronic pain relief and depression symptoms alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Morgan
- The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Harriet Sinclair
- The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Alexander Tan
- The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ellen Thomas
- The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Richard Castle
- The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, North Yorkshire, UK
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13
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Martins Scalabrin J, Mello MF, Swardfager W, Cogo-Moreira H. Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials on Psychological Therapies for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults. CHRONIC STRESS 2018; 2:2470547018779066. [PMID: 32440583 PMCID: PMC7219943 DOI: 10.1177/2470547018779066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the factorial validity and internal consistency of a measurement
model underlying risk of bias as endorsed by Cochrane for use in systematic
reviews; more specifically, how the risk of bias tool behaves in the context
of studies on psychological therapies used for treatment of post-traumatic
stress disorder in adults. Methods We applied confirmatory factor analysis to a systematic review containing 70
clinical trials entitled “Psychological Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder in Adults” under a Bayesian estimator. Seven observed
categorical risk of bias items (answered categorically as low, unclear, or
high risk of bias) were collected from the systematic review. Results A unidimensional model for the Cochrane risk of bias tool items returned poor
fit indices and low factor loadings, indicating questionable validity and
internal consistency. Conclusion Although the present evidence is restricted to psychological interventions
for post-traumatic stress disorder, it demonstrates that the way risk of
bias has been measured in this context may not be adequate. More broadly,
the results suggest the importance of testing the risk of bias tool, and the
possibility of rethinking the methods used to assess risk of bias in
systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo F Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Mendoza C, Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Tarasov VV, Aliev G, Echeverria V. Cotinine: A Therapy for Memory Extinction in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6700-6711. [PMID: 29335846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop after exposure to exceptionally threatening or unescapable horrifying events. Actual therapies fail to alleviate the emotional suffering and cognitive impairment associated with this disorder, mostly because they are ineffective in treating the failure to extinguish trauma memories in a great percentage of those affected. In this review, current behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence supporting the use of cotinine for treating PTSD are reviewed. The role of the positive modulation by cotinine of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and their downstream effectors, the protection of astroglia, and the inhibition of microglia in the PTSD brain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandre Iarkov
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 1142432, Russia. .,"GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,School of Health Sciences and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA.
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile. .,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.
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15
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Nordbrandt MS, Carlsson J, Lindberg LG, Sandahl H, Mortensen EL. Treatment of traumatised refugees with basic body awareness therapy versus mixed physical activity as add-on treatment: Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:477. [PMID: 26492879 PMCID: PMC4619210 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of traumatised refugees is one of the fields within psychiatry, which has received little scientific attention. Evidence based treatment and knowledge on the efficiency of the treatment for this complex patient group is therefore scarce. This leads to uncertainty as to which treatment should be offered and potentially lowers the quality of life for the patients. Chronic pain is very common among traumatised refugees and it is believed to maintain the mental symptoms of trauma. Hence, treating chronic pain is believed to be of high clinical value for this patient group. In clinical studies, physical activity has shown a positive effect on psychiatric illnesses such as depression and anxiety and for patients with chronic pain. However, scientific knowledge about physical activity as part of the treatment for traumatised refugees is very limited and no guidelines exist on this topic. Methods/design This study will include approximately 310 patients, randomised into three groups. All three groups receive psychiatric treatment as usual for the duration of 6–7 months, consisting of consultations with a medical doctor including pharmacological treatment and manual-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. The first group only receives treatment as usual while the second and the third groups receive either Basic-Body Awareness Therapy or mixed physical activity as add-on treatments. Each physical activity is provided for an individual 1-hour consultation per week, for the duration of 20 weeks. The study is being conducted at the Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup in the Capital Region of Denmark. The primary endpoint of the study is symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; the secondary endpoints are depression and anxiety as well as quality of life, functional capacity, coping with pain, body awareness and physical fitness. Discussion This study will examine the effect of physical activity for traumatised refugees. This has not yet been done in a randomised controlled setting on such a large scale before. Hereby the study will contribute to important knowledge that is expected to be used in future clinical guidelines and reference programs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01955538. Date of registration: 18 September 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0974-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sticker Nordbrandt
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Maglevænget 2, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark.
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Maglevænget 2, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark.
| | - Laura Glahder Lindberg
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Maglevænget 2, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark.
| | - Hinuga Sandahl
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Maglevænget 2, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark.
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Health, Øster Farimagsgade 5, building 5, 1., 1353, København K, Denmark.
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16
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Parisod H, Pakarinen A, Kauhanen L, Aromaa M, Leppänen V, Liukkonen TN, Smed J, Salanterä S. Promoting Children's Health with Digital Games: A Review of Reviews. Games Health J 2015. [PMID: 26196173 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2013.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective, evidence-based, and interesting methods are needed for children's health promotion. Digital games can be such a method, but there is need for a summary of the evidence on the effectiveness of digital games in promoting children's health. The aim of this review of reviews was to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews, to summarize the evidence in systematic reviews and reviews related to the effectiveness of digital games in children's health promotion, and to identify gaps in knowledge. A systematic literature search was conducted in May-August 2013 from relevant databases, and 1178 references were found. In total, 15 systematic reviews and reviews met the inclusion criteria. Most of the systematic reviews were found to be medium quality on the AMSTAR checklist. Most commonly, systematic reviews and reviews evaluated active videogames. According to the results, evidence of the highest level and quality seems to support an increase in physical activity to light to moderate levels and energy expenditure, especially when playing active videogames that require both upper and lower body movements. In addition, sedentary games were shown to have potential in children's health education, especially in supporting changes in asthma- and diabetes-related behavior and in dietary habits. However, there are still several gaps in the knowledge. There is a need for further high-quality systematic reviews and research in the field of health games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Parisod
- 1 Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Anni Pakarinen
- 1 Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Lotta Kauhanen
- 1 Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Aromaa
- 2 Department of Public Health, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,3 Outpatient Clinic of Children and Adolescents , City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Leppänen
- 4 Department of Information Technology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jouni Smed
- 4 Department of Information Technology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Salanterä
- 1 Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,6 Turku University Hospital, Turku , Finland
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17
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Garrido S, Baker FA, Davidson JW, Moore G, Wasserman S. Music and trauma: the relationship between music, personality, and coping style. Front Psychol 2015. [PMID: 26217290 PMCID: PMC4498438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Garrido
- Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felicity A Baker
- Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane W Davidson
- Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grace Moore
- Australian Research Council's Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Rosenbaum S, Tiedemann A, Sherrington C, van der Ploeg HP. Assessing physical activity in people with posttraumatic stress disorder: feasibility and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire--short form and actigraph accelerometers. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:576. [PMID: 25164278 PMCID: PMC4167128 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is reportedly associated with lower rates of physical activity participation despite the known benefits of regular physical activity for improving both mental and physical health. However, no studies have evaluated the validity or feasibility of assessing physical activity within this population resulting in uncertainty around the reported lower rates of physical activity participation. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Actigraph accelerometer (an objective physical activity monitor) among inpatients with PTSD. METHODS Fifty-nine adult hospital inpatients with a Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental Disorder-IV-TR diagnosis of primary PTSD (mean age = 49.9 years; 85% male) participated in the study. Participants were asked to wear an Actigraph accelerometer for seven consecutive days then complete the IPAQ-SF. The Spearman rho correlation coefficient compared the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured with the Actigraph and the total physical activity reported in the IPAQ-SF. RESULTS Lower than expected compliance with wearing accelerometers (<4 days valid data) (n = 20) was found suggesting that the use of accelerometers within this population may not be feasible. Complete IPAQ-SF data were available for 45 participants (76%) indicating that this tool also has its limitations in this population. The Spearman rho was 0.46 (p = 0.01) for the 29 participants with four or more valid days of accelerometer data (as per literature standards) and available IPAQ-SF. CONCLUSION The IPAQ-SF and the Actigraph accelerometer have limitations in people with PTSD but in those able to provide data, show correlations of a magnitude comparable to those observed in the general population. The development and testing of mental health specific tools may enhance measurement of physical activity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rosenbaum
- />Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Missenden Road, PO Box M201, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
- />St John of God Healthcare Richmond Hospital, 177 Grose Vale Road, North Richmond, NSW 2754 Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- />St John of God Healthcare Richmond Hospital, 177 Grose Vale Road, North Richmond, NSW 2754 Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- />St John of God Healthcare Richmond Hospital, 177 Grose Vale Road, North Richmond, NSW 2754 Australia
| | - Hidde P van der Ploeg
- />Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Valenti M, Vinciguerra MG, Masedu F, Tiberti S, Sconci V. A before and after study on personality assessment in adolescents exposed to the 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy: influence of sports practice. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-000824. [PMID: 22654091 PMCID: PMC3367144 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess and estimate the personality changes that occurred before and after the 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila and to model the ways that the earthquake affected adolescents according to gender and sport practice. The consequences of earthquakes on psychological health are long lasting for portions of the population, depending on age, gender, social conditions and individual experiences. Sports activities are considered a factor with which to test the overall earthquake impact on individual and social psychological changes in adolescents. DESIGN Before and after design. SETTING Population-based study conducted in L'Aquila, Italy, before and after the 2009 earthquake. PARTICIPANTS Before the earthquake, a random sample of 179 adolescent subjects who either practised or did not practise sports (71 vs 108, respectively). After the earthquake, of the original 179 subjects, 149 were assessed a second time. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescents (MMPI-A) questionnaire scores, in a supervised environment. RESULTS An unbalanced split plot design, at a 0.05 significance level, was carried out using a linear mixed model with quake, sex and sports practice as predictive factors. Although the overall scores indicated no deviant behaviours in the adolescents tested, changes were detected in many individual content scale scores, including depression (A-dep score mean ± SEM: before quake =47.54±0.73; after quake =52.67±0.86) and social discomfort (A-sod score mean ± SEM: before quake =49.91±0.65; after quake =51.72±0.81). The MMPI-A profiles show different impacts of the earthquake on adolescents according to gender and sport practice. CONCLUSIONS The differences detected in MMPI-A scores raise issues about social policies required to address the psychological changes in adolescents. The current study supports the idea that sport should be considered part of a coping strategy to assist adolescents in dealing with the psychological effects of the earthquakes on their personalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Valenti
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Vinciguerra
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences, School of Sports Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Masedu
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sergio Tiberti
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sconci
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Agency of the National Health System, L'Aquila, Italy
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20
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Rosenbaum S, Nguyen D, Lenehan T, Tiedemann A, van der Ploeg HP, Sherrington C. Exercise augmentation compared to usual care for post traumatic stress disorder: a randomised controlled trial (the REAP study: Randomised Exercise Augmentation for PTSD). BMC Psychiatry 2011; 11:115. [PMID: 21777477 PMCID: PMC3151207 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-11-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical wellbeing of people with mental health conditions can often be overlooked in order to treat the primary mental health condition as a priority. Exercise however, can potentially improve both the primary psychiatric condition as well as physical measures that indicate risk of other conditions such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Evidence supports the role of exercise as an important component of treatment for depression and anxiety, yet no randomised controlled trials (RCT's) have been conducted to evaluate the use of exercise in the treatment of people with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This RCT will investigate the effects of structured, progressive exercise on PTSD symptoms, functional ability, body composition, physical activity levels, sleep patterns and medication usage. METHODS AND DESIGN Eighty participants with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) diagnosis of PTSD will be recruited. Participants will have no contraindications to exercise and will be cognitively able to provide consent to participate in the study. The primary outcome measures will be PTSD symptoms, measured through the PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C) scale. Secondary outcome measures will assess depression and anxiety, mobility and strength, body composition, physical activity levels, sleep patterns and medication usage. All outcomes will be assessed by a health or exercise professional masked to group allocation at baseline and 12 weeks after randomisation. The intervention will be a 12 week individualised program, primarily involving resistance exercises with the use of exercise bands. A walking component will also be incorporated. Participants will complete one supervised session per week, and will be asked to perform at least two other non-supervised exercise sessions per week. Both intervention and control groups will receive all usual non-exercise interventions including psychotherapy, pharmaceutical interventions and group therapy. DISCUSSION This study will determine the effect of an individualised and progressive exercise intervention on PTSD symptoms, depression and anxiety, mobility and strength, body composition, physical activity levels, sleep patterns and medication usage among people with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12610000579099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rosenbaum
- St John of God Healthcare, Richmond Hospital 177 Grose Vale Rd North Richmond, NSW 2754, Australia
- Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Rd, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Dang Nguyen
- St John of God Healthcare, Richmond Hospital 177 Grose Vale Rd North Richmond, NSW 2754, Australia
| | - Tom Lenehan
- St John of God Healthcare, Richmond Hospital 177 Grose Vale Rd North Richmond, NSW 2754, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Rd, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Hidde P van der Ploeg
- Cluster for Physical Activity and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Level 2 Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Rd, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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21
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Rolfsnes ES, Idsoe T. School-based intervention programs for PTSD symptoms: a review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Stress 2011; 24:155-65. [PMID: 21425191 DOI: 10.1002/jts.20622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This is a review and meta-analysis of school-based intervention programs targeted at reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nineteen studies conducted in 9 different countries satisfied the inclusionary criteria. The studies dealt with various kinds of type I and type II trauma exposure. Sixteen studies used cognitive-behavioral therapy methods; the others used play/art, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and mind-body techniques. The overall effect size for the 19 studies was d = 0.68 (SD = 0.41), indicating a medium-large effect in relation to reducing symptoms of PTSD. The authors' findings suggest that intervention provided within the school setting can be effective in helping children and adolescents following traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S Rolfsnes
- Centre for Behavioural Research,University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
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22
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Turner TJ, Barnes H, Reid J, Garrubba M. Evidence for perinatal and child health care guidelines in crisis settings: can Cochrane help? BMC Public Health 2010; 10:170. [PMID: 20350326 PMCID: PMC3091544 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important that healthcare provided in crisis settings is based on the best available research evidence. We reviewed guidelines for child and perinatal health care in crisis situations to determine whether they were based on research evidence, whether Cochrane systematic reviews were available in the clinical areas addressed by these guidelines and whether summaries of these reviews were provided in Evidence Aid. METHODS Broad internet searches were undertaken to identify relevant guidelines. Guidelines were appraised using AGREE and the clinical areas that were relevant to perinatal or child health were extracted. We searched The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify potentially relevant reviews. For each review we determined how many trials were included, and how many were conducted in resource-limited settings. RESULTS Six guidelines met selection criteria. None of the included guidelines were clearly based on research evidence. 198 Cochrane reviews were potentially relevant to the guidelines. These reviews predominantly addressed nutrient supplementation, breastfeeding, malaria, maternal hypertension, premature labour and prevention of HIV transmission. Most reviews included studies from developing settings. However for large portions of the guidelines, particularly health services delivery, there were no relevant reviews. Only 18 (9.1%) reviews have summaries in Evidence Aid. CONCLUSIONS We did not identify any evidence-based guidelines for perinatal and child health care in disaster settings. We found many Cochrane reviews that could contribute to the evidence-base supporting future guidelines. However there are important issues to be addressed in terms of the relevance of the available reviews and increasing the number of reviews addressing health care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tari J Turner
- Monash Institute of Health Services Research, Monash University, Locked Bag 29, Clayton 3168 Australia
- Centre for Clinical Effectiveness, Southern Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton 3168 Australia
| | - Hayley Barnes
- previously of the Australasian Cochrane Centre, Monash University, Locked Bag 29, Clayton 3168 Australia
| | - Jane Reid
- Centre for Clinical Effectiveness, Southern Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton 3168 Australia
| | - Marie Garrubba
- Centre for Clinical Effectiveness, Southern Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton 3168 Australia
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