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Yu Y, Xia L, Yan H, Lu Y. Effects of 8 weeks parent-accompanied swimming on physical capacity and intelligence in preschool children. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1410707. [PMID: 38883199 PMCID: PMC11176541 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential effects of 8-week parents-accompanied swimming on the physical capacity and intelligence of preschool children in China. Thirty-six boys (mean age 3.56 ± 0.27 years) were divided into three groups: the traditional physical exercise group (TP, n = 12), the accompanied swimming group (AS, n = 12) and the independent swimming group (IS, n = 12). Participants' physical capacity was assessed before and after the intervention using the following indicators: height, weight, distance of tennis ball throw, standing long jump distance, time for the 10-meter shuttle run, time for a two-legged continuous jump, sit-and-reach distance, and time on the walking balance beam. Intelligence was assessed at three points: pre-test, mid-test after 4 weeks, and post-test. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni test (p < 0.05) and effect size. The time of the AS and IS groups to walk the balance beam was significantly lower than the TP group, with a difference of 1.81 s (p < 0.01, [95% CI -3.22 to -0.40], ES = 1.53) and 1.25 s (p < 0.05, [95% CI -2.66 to 0.16], ES = 0.81). At the mid-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were lower than the AS group (p < 0.05, [95% CI -12.45 to -0.96], ES = 0.89). Additionally, at post-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were significantly lower than those of both AS (p < 0.01, [95% CI -14.12 to -2.74], ES = 1.15) and IS groups (p < 0.01, [95% CI -12.53 to -3.31], ES = 1.21). Swimming enhances children's balance and IQ scores more than traditional physical exercises. Involving parents in swimming leads to a more significant increase in IQ scores within 4 weeks of initial swimming exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yu
- The School of Sports Coaching, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Shenzhen School Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiping Yan
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
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Lira GVDAG, da Silva GAP, Bezerra PGDM, Sarinho ESC. Avoidance of Inhaled Pollutants and Irritants in Asthma from a Salutogenic Perspective. J Asthma Allergy 2024; 17:237-250. [PMID: 38524100 PMCID: PMC10960548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s445864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the role of aeroallergens in asthma, but little is described about the damage caused by inhaled pollutants and irritants to the respiratory epithelium. In this context, the most frequent pollutants and irritants inhaled in the home environment were identified, describing the possible repercussions that may occur in the respiratory tract of the pediatric population with asthma and highlighting the role of the caregiver in environmental control through a salutogenic perspective. Searches were carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs and Scopus databases for articles considered relevant for the theoretical foundation of this integrative review, in which interactions between exposure to pollutants and inhaled irritants and lung involvement. Articles published in the last 10 years that used the following descriptors were considered: air pollution; tobacco; particulate matter; disinfectants; hydrocarbons, fluorinated; odorants; chloramines; pesticide; asthma; and beyond Antonovsky's sense of coherence. Exposure to smoke and some substances found in cleaning products, such as benzalkonium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and monoethanolamine, offer potential risks for sensitization and exacerbation of asthma. The vast majority of the seven main inhaled products investigated provoke irritative inflammatory reactions and oxidative imbalance in the respiratory epithelium. In turn, the caregiver's role is essential in health promotion and the clinical control of paediatric asthma. From a salutogenic point of view, pollutants and irritants inhaled at home should be carefully investigated in the clinical history so that strategies to remove or reduce exposures can be used by caregivers of children and adolescents with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Véras de Araújo Gueiros Lira
- Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emanuel S C Sarinho
- Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Purgato M, Cadorin C, Prina E, Cabral Ferreira M, Del Piccolo L, Gerber M, Jordans MJD, Ostuzzi G, Richards J, Rudi D, Vitali F, Cortese S, Schena F, Barbui C. Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Physical Activity as an Effective Therapeutic Strategy for Improving Psychosocial Outcomes in Children and Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:172-183. [PMID: 37331468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) interventions are part of many interdisciplinary programs for the management of children and adolescents with or without physical or psychological conditions or disabilities. Aiming to summarize the available evidence, we conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of PA interventions that included psychosocial outcomes in populations of children and adolescents. METHOD Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Medline, SPORTDiscus, and PsychInfo from January 1, 2010, to May 6, 2022. Meta-analyses of randomized and quasi-randomized studies investigating the efficacy of PA interventions for psychosocial outcomes in children and adolescents were included. Summary effects were recalculated using common metric and random-effects models. We assessed between-study heterogeneity, predictive intervals, publication bias, small study effects, and whether the results of the observed positive studies were greater than expected due to chance. On the basis of these calculations, strength of associations was assessed using quantitative umbrella review criteria, and credibility of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. This study is registered with the Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/ap8qu. RESULTS A total of 112 studies from 18 meta-analyses generating 12 new meta-analyses comprising 21,232 children and adolescents in population groups including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, cancer, cerebral palsy, chronic respiratory diseases, depression, neuromotor impairment, and obesity and in general populations were included. PA interventions were efficacious in reducing psychological symptoms in all meta-analyses across the different population groups using random-effects models. However, umbrella review criteria suggested a weak strength of association for this outcome, and GRADE credibility of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. For psychological well-being, 3 out of 5 meta-analyses identified significant effects, but the strength of these associations was weak, and GRADE credibility of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Similarly, for social outcomes, meta-analyses reported a significant summary effect, but the strength of association was weak, and GRADE credibility of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. For self-esteem, one meta-analysis in children with obesity failed to show any effect. CONCLUSION Even though existing meta-analyses suggested a beneficial effect of PA interventions on psychosocial outcomes across different population groups, the strength of associations was weak, and the credibility of evidence was variable depending on the target population, outcome, and condition or disability. Randomized studies of PA interventions in children and adolescents with and without different physical and psychological conditions or disabilities should always include psychosocial outcomes as an important dimension of social and mental health. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION Prenatal Maternal Infection and Adverse Neurodevelopment: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Downstream Environmental Hits; https://osf.io/; ap8qu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Purgato
- University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Ostuzzi
- University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Samuele Cortese
- University of Southampton, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, and New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | | | - Corrado Barbui
- University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lommatzsch M, Criée CP, de Jong CCM, Gappa M, Geßner C, Gerstlauer M, Hämäläinen N, Haidl P, Hamelmann E, Horak F, Idzko M, Ignatov A, Koczulla AR, Korn S, Köhler M, Lex C, Meister J, Milger-Kneidinger K, Nowak D, Pfaar O, Pohl W, Preisser AM, Rabe KF, Riedler J, Schmidt O, Schreiber J, Schuster A, Schuhmann M, Spindler T, Taube C, Christian Virchow J, Vogelberg C, Vogelmeier CF, Wantke F, Windisch W, Worth H, Zacharasiewicz A, Buhl R. [Diagnosis and treatment of asthma: a guideline for respiratory specialists 2023 - published by the German Respiratory Society (DGP) e. V.]. Pneumologie 2023; 77:461-543. [PMID: 37406667 DOI: 10.1055/a-2070-2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The management of asthma has fundamentally changed during the past decades. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma was developed for respiratory specialists who need detailed and evidence-based information on the new diagnostic and therapeutic options in asthma. The guideline shows the new role of biomarkers, especially blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled NO (FeNO), in diagnostic algorithms of asthma. Of note, this guideline is the first worldwide to announce symptom prevention and asthma remission as the ultimate goals of asthma treatment, which can be achieved by using individually tailored, disease-modifying anti-asthmatic drugs such as inhaled steroids, allergen immunotherapy or biologics. In addition, the central role of the treatment of comorbidities is emphasized. Finally, the document addresses several challenges in asthma management, including asthma treatment during pregnancy, treatment of severe asthma or the diagnosis and treatment of work-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Lommatzsch
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Abt. für Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | | | - Carmen C M de Jong
- Abteilung für pädiatrische Pneumologie, Abteilung für Pädiatrie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern
| | - Monika Gappa
- Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf
| | | | | | | | - Peter Haidl
- Abteilung für Pneumologie II, Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Schmallenberg
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Bielefeld
| | | | - Marco Idzko
- Abteilung für Pulmologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Wien
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Geburtshilfe und Reproduktionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
| | - Andreas Rembert Koczulla
- Schön-Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Berchtesgaden
- Klinik für Innere Medizin Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg
| | - Stephanie Korn
- Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Michael Köhler
- Deutsche Patientenliga Atemwegserkrankungen, Gau-Bickelheim
| | - Christiane Lex
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Jochen Meister
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Helios Klinikum Aue
| | | | - Dennis Nowak
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, LMU München
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Sektion für Rhinologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg
| | - Wolfgang Pohl
- Gesundheitszentrum Althietzing, Karl Landsteiner Institut für klinische und experimentelle Pneumologie, Wien
| | - Alexandra M Preisser
- Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Pneumologie, LungenClinic Großhansdorf, UKSH Kiel
| | - Josef Riedler
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Kardinal Schwarzenberg Klinikum Schwarzach
| | | | - Jens Schreiber
- Universitätsklinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
| | - Antje Schuster
- Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Neonatologie und Kinderkardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
| | | | | | - Christian Taube
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen-Ruhrlandklinik
| | | | - Christian Vogelberg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | | | | | - Wolfram Windisch
- Lungenklinik Köln-Merheim, Lehrstuhl für Pneumologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke
| | - Heinrich Worth
- Pneumologische & Kardiologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Fürth
| | | | - Roland Buhl
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Zentrum für Thoraxerkrankungen, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
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Jing Z, Wang X, Zhang P, Huang J, Jia Y, Zhang J, Wu H, Sun X. Effects of physical activity on lung function and quality of life in asthmatic children: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1074429. [PMID: 36846162 PMCID: PMC9944457 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1074429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The benefits of physical activity (PA) for asthmatic children were increasingly recognized, and as the design of studies on PA and asthma has become more refined in recent years, the latest evidence needed to be updated. We performed this meta-analysis to synthesize the evidence available from the last 10 years to update the effects of PA in asthmatic children. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials were included, and two reviewers independently conducted the inclusion screening, data extraction, and bias assessment. RESULTS A total of 9 studies were included in this review after 3,919 articles screened. PA significantly improved the forced vital capacity (FVC) (MD 7.62; 95% CI: 3.46 to 11.78; p < 0.001), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75) (MD 10.39; 95% CI: 2.96 to 17.82; p = 0.006) in lung function. There was no significant difference in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (MD 3.17; 95% CI: -2.82 to 9.15; p = 0.30) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) (MD -1.74; 95% CI: -11.36 to 7.88; p = 0.72). Also, PA significantly improved the quality of life as assessed by the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (all items p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This review suggested that PA could improve FVC, FEF25-75, and quality of life in asthmatic children, but there was insufficient evidence of improvement in FEV1 and airway inflammation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022338984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinli Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huajie Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Liu F, Liu L. Effects of Physical Exercises on Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Exercise Capacity, and Quality of Life in Children with Asthma: A Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5104102. [PMID: 34976094 PMCID: PMC8718301 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of exercise on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in children with bronchial asthma. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service platform to identify any relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to April 2021. The Cochrane risk of the bias tool was utilized to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and RevMan 5.3 was applied to perform data analyses. RESULTS A total of 22 RCTs involving 1346 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exercise had significant advantages in improving lung function and exercising capacity and quality of life in children with asthma compared with conventional treatment, such as the forced vital capacity to predicted value ratio (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.40, and P < 0.0001), the peak expiratory flow to predicted value ratio (MD = 4.53; 95% CI: 1.27, 7.80, and P=0.007), the 6-minute walk test (MD = 110.65; 95% CI: 31.95, 189.34, and P=0.006), rating of perceived effort (MD = -2.28; 95% CI: -3.21, -1.36, and P < 0.0001), and peak power (MD = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.52, and P=0.001) on exercise capacity and pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (MD = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.95, and P=0.0002) on quality of life. However, no significant difference was observed in the forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (P=0.25) and the forced expiratory volume at 1 second to predicted value ratio(P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS Current evidence shows that exercise has a certain effect on improving pulmonary function recovery, exercise capacity, and quality of life in children with bronchial asthma. Given the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, further research and verification are needed to guide clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiRan Liu
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Respiratory Medicine of Xuyi People's Hospital, Huaian 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
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Ezhov VV. [Climate-therapy at seaside resorts in modern medical and wellness practice]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOĬ FIZICHESKOĬ KULTURY 2021; 98:60-66. [PMID: 34223756 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20219803160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A scientific review is devoted to the study of the coastal climate in the resort treatment role of patients with chronic diseases and its impact on the health and life quality of the population of the seacoasts. The sources were the Cochrane Library, PubMed MEDLINE, MedlinePlus, PedRO, Google Scholar, British Medical Journal, Elsevier, The Global Wellness Institute, eLIBRARY.ru. The review includes 40 publications including 22 domestic and 18 foreign ones on clinical and surrogate outcomes of climate-therapy at seaside resorts in the structure of spa treatment in patients with chronic diseases. The health problems among the population of the seacoasts are considered. The features of conducting evidence-based studies in assessing the effects of climate procedures are noted. The analysis of the therapeutic and health-improving effect results of the seaside climate and the associated forms of thalassotherapy - terrenkur, swimming, aqua gymnastics, sea bathing, heliotherapy, landscape therapy, and the use of maricultureis carried out. The article presents statistically reliable data on the favorable outcomes of treatment of chronic forms of musculoskeletal, skin, pulmonary and cardiac pathology under the influence of thalassotherapy methods. It was found that the effectiveness of climate-therapy in oncological practice, the treatment of pollinosis, the use of algae and other maricultures has been insufficiently proven: the possibility of percutaneous permeability to seawater and its components. The risk of developing negative meteorological reactions during climate-therapy was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Ezhov
- I.M. Sechenov Academic Research Institute for Physical Methods of Treatment, Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation, Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia
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Paciência I, Rodolfo A, Leão L, Silva D, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Mendes F, Padrão P, Moreira P, Laerte Boechat J, Delgado L, Moreira A. Effects of Exercise on the Skin Epithelial Barrier of Young Elite Athletes-Swimming Comparatively to Non-Water Sports Training Session. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E653. [PMID: 33466624 PMCID: PMC7828688 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of swimming have been extensively assessed. However, swimming pools contain chlorine and other irritating chemicals that may induce contact dermatitis. To evaluate the effect of a swimming training session on transepidermal water loss (TWEL) in swimmers compared to football players, elite swimmers and football players were invited to participate (58 athletes) in the study, where TEWL was measured before, immediately after, and 30 min after a 2 h training session. The probe was held on the dorsum of the hand, volar forearm, and on the antecubital flexure for 1 min. The volar forearm, antecubital flexure, and hand dorsum showed a significant increase in TEWL in swimmers in both measurements after training compared to baseline (p < 0.001). In football players, an increase in TEWL was observed on the hands' dorsum between baseline and after training measurements. The variations on TEWL levels before and immediately after the training session were higher among swimmers on the volar forearm (p = 0.002) and antecubital flexure (p = 0.019). Our findings support the effect of the training environment-swimming pool versus outdoor sports-on the skin barrier function, with an increase of transepidermal water loss immediately after exercise. Exposure to a swimming pool environment in a 2 h training session may lead to changes in skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Ana Rodolfo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Leonor Leão
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Diana Silva
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Laerte Boechat
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (D.S.); (J.C.R.); (F.M.); (J.L.B.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (P.P.); (P.M.)
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital São João, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da, Universidade do Porto, 4150-177 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Razumov AN, Ezhov VV, Dovgan IA, Ponomarenko GN. [Therapeutic effects of climototherapy: scientomatrical analysis of evidence-based studies]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOĬ FIZICHESKOĬ KULTURY 2020; 97:59-67. [PMID: 33307664 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20209706159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scientometrical analysis of studies the use of climatotherapy methods and formulation of guidelines based on the evidence obtained during the analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The article presents the data of scientometrical analysis of 40 publications on the use of climatotherapy in spa practice. RESULTS Clinical effects and proposed mechanisms of action of the proven efficacy climatotherapy methods - aerotherapy, heliotherapy and thalassotherapy for the patients with various chronic diseases are presented. The clinical directions for the using of climatotherapy methods in climatic resorts are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Regular generalization and analysis of existing evidence-based studies is required, as well as the implementation of new high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials to study the effects of climate therapy on a wide range of patients with common socially significant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Razumov
- Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Ezhov
- Academic scientific-research Institute of physical treatment methods, medical climatology and rehabilitation named after I.M. Sechenov, Yalta, Russia
| | - I A Dovgan
- Saki Central Military Clinical Sanatorium named after N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saki, Russia
| | - G N Ponomarenko
- Federal Scientific Center of Rehabilitation of the Disabled named after G.A. Albrecht, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Posadzki P, Pieper D, Bajpai R, Makaruk H, Könsgen N, Neuhaus AL, Semwal M. Exercise/physical activity and health outcomes: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1724. [PMID: 33198717 PMCID: PMC7670795 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. It has been estimated that approximately 3.2 million deaths each year are attributable to insufficient levels of physical activity. We evaluated the available evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) on the effectiveness of exercise/physical activity for various health outcomes. METHODS Overview and meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library was searched from 01.01.2000 to issue 1, 2019. No language restrictions were imposed. Only CSRs of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Both healthy individuals, those at risk of a disease, and medically compromised patients of any age and gender were eligible. We evaluated any type of exercise or physical activity interventions; against any types of controls; and measuring any type of health-related outcome measures. The AMSTAR-2 tool for assessing the methodological quality of the included studies was utilised. RESULTS Hundred and fifty CSRs met the inclusion criteria. There were 54 different conditions. Majority of CSRs were of high methodological quality. Hundred and thirty CSRs employed meta-analytic techniques and 20 did not. Limitations for studies were the most common reasons for downgrading the quality of the evidence. Based on 10 CSRs and 187 RCTs with 27,671 participants, there was a 13% reduction in mortality rates risk ratio (RR) 0.87 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.78 to 0.96]; I2 = 26.6%, [prediction interval (PI) 0.70, 1.07], median effect size (MES) = 0.93 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.81, 1.00]. Data from 15 CSRs and 408 RCTs with 32,984 participants showed a small improvement in quality of life (QOL) standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.18 [95% CI 0.08, 0.28]; I2 = 74.3%; PI -0.18, 0.53], MES = 0.20 [IQR 0.07, 0.39]. Subgroup analyses by the type of condition showed that the magnitude of effect size was the largest among patients with mental health conditions. CONCLUSION There is a plethora of CSRs evaluating the effectiveness of physical activity/exercise. The evidence suggests that physical activity/exercise reduces mortality rates and improves QOL with minimal or no safety concerns. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered in PROSPERO ( CRD42019120295 ) on 10th January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Posadzki
- Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd., York, UK
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawid Pieper
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Ram Bajpai
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Hubert Makaruk
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty Physical Education and Health, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Nadja Könsgen
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Annika Lena Neuhaus
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Monika Semwal
- Health Outcomes Division, University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, USA
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11
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Lee B, Kim Y, Kim YM, Jung J, Kim T, Lee SY, Shin YI, Ryu JH. Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Aquatic Exercise in Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1227. [PMID: 31611811 PMCID: PMC6768972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathways responsible for the pathogenesis of asthma. Aquatic exercise (AE) has been proven to elicit a variety of biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, although proper forms of AE provide beneficial health effects, incorrect forms and types of AE are potentially injurious to health. Several studies have investigated AE, but the relationship between types of AE and asthma has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the effects of two types of AE according to resistance on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. BALB/c mice were subjected to OVA sensitization and challenge, and then to different types of AE including, walking and swimming, in a pool filled with water to a height of 2.5 and 13 cm for 30 min, respectively. AE reduced OVA-induced eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and serum immunoglobulin E level. AE significantly inhibited increases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, histamine, leukotriene D4, and tryptase levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). AE also effectively suppressed mucus formation, lung fibrosis, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle within the lung tissues. This exercise markedly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde while increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissues. Furthermore, AE significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 levels, and prostaglandin E2 production in BALF. The inhibitory effects of swimming on the levels of biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation were greater than that of walking. These effects may have occurred through upregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling and suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Cumulative results from this study suggest that AE might be beneficial in mitigating the levels of biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this therapy represents a crucial non-pharmacological intervention for treatments of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boae Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yeonye Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yull Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
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12
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Schuers M, Chapron A, Guihard H, Bouchez T, Darmon D. Impact of non-drug therapies on asthma control: A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Gen Pract 2019; 25:65-76. [PMID: 30849253 PMCID: PMC6493294 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2019.1574742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing access to effective therapies, asthma control still needs improvement. Many non-drug factors, such as allergens, air pollutants and stress also affect asthma control and patient quality of life, but an overview of the effectiveness of non-drug interventions on asthma control was lacking. OBJECTIVES To identify non-drug interventions likely to improve asthma control. METHODS A systematic review of the available literature in Medline and the Cochrane Library was conducted in March 2017, without any time limit. Initial searching identified 884 potentially relevant clinical trial reports, literature reviews and meta-analyses, which were screened for inclusion using criteria of quality, relevance, and reporting outcomes based on asthma control. RESULTS Eighty-two publications met the inclusion criteria. In general, the quality of the studies was low. Patient education programmes (22 studies) significantly improved asthma control. Multifaceted interventions (10 studies), which combined patient education programmes with decreasing exposure to indoor allergens and pollutants, significantly improved asthma control based on clinically relevant outcomes. Renovating homes to reduce exposure to allergens and indoor pollutants improved control (two studies). Air filtration systems (five studies) were effective, especially in children exposed to second-hand smoke. Most measures attempting to reduce exposure to dust mites were ineffective (five studies). Dietary interventions (eight studies) were ineffective. Promoting physical activity (five studies) tended to yield positive results, but the results did not attain significance. CONCLUSION Twenty-six interventions were effective in asthma control. Simultaneously combining several action plans, each focusing on different aspects of asthma management, seems most likely to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Chapron
- Department of General Medicine, Rennes University, Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Guihard
- Department of General Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | | | - David Darmon
- Department of General Medicine, Nice University, Nice, France
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13
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Sánchez-Solís M, García-Marcos L. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: The Importance Of Physical Exercise. Arch Bronconeumol 2019; 55:609-610. [PMID: 30846204 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez-Solís
- Unidad de Neumología, Hospital Infantil Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, España; Red de Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas (ARADyAL), España; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, España
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Infantil Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, España; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), El Palmar, Murcia, España.
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14
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Chronic Physiological Effects of Swim Training Interventions in Non-Elite Swimmers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2018; 48:337-359. [PMID: 29086218 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swimming is a popular and potentially health-enhancing exercise, but has received less scientific attention compared with other exercise modes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the chronic (long-term) effect of pool swim training on physiological outcomes in non-elite or non-competitive swimming participants. DESIGN This study was a systematic review with a meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES We searched the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL from inception to March 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The eligibility criteria included randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised controlled trials and controlled trials of chronic (long-term) swimming interventions in non-elite or non-competitive swimming participants, with a physiological outcome measure. RESULTS Our search of 6712 records revealed 29 eligible studies. Swimming had a significant and clinically meaningful effect on maximal oxygen uptake compared with the control in an analysis including multiple populations (mean difference 6.32 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval 4.33-8.31), and subgroup analyses of healthy children/adolescents (mean difference 7.93 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval 3.31-12.55) and those with asthma (mean difference 9.67 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval 5.84-13.51) and healthy adults (mean difference 5.87 mL/kg/min; 95% confidence interval 2.93-8.81). Swimming also resulted in significant improvements in other cardiorespiratory fitness-related outcomes such as maximal minute ventilation (mean difference 0.61 L/min; 95% confidence interval 0.17-1.05), submaximal exercise performance (standardised mean difference 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.14-1.13) and total exercise test time (mean difference 4.27 min; 95% confidence interval 2.11-6.42). Compared with the control, swimming had significant favourable effects on body mass (mean difference - 2.90 kg, 95% confidence interval - 5.02 to - 0.78), body fat percentage in multiple populations (mean difference - 1.92%; 95% confidence interval - 3.25 to - 0.60) and healthy children/adolescents (mean difference - 1.92%; 95% confidence interval - 4.64 to - 0.80) and lean mass (mean difference 1.96 kg; 95% confidence interval 0.21-3.71), but negative effects on waist circumference in a pooled analysis of two studies involving adults with hypertension (mean difference 4.03 cm; 95% confidence interval 2.58-5.49). Regarding lung function, significant effects of swimming vs. the control were found only for peak expiratory volume in analyses including children/adolescents combined with healthy adults (mean difference 58.74 L/min; 95% confidence interval 29.70-87.78) and children/adolescents with asthma alone (mean difference 63.49 L/min; 95% confidence interval 25.01-101.97). Based on limited data, swimming had similar effects to other exercise modes, except for higher post-intervention body mass index values with swimming vs. running in healthy adults (mean difference 1.18 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval 0.54-1.81). CONCLUSIONS Swimming may offer robust beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition across multiple populations and effects may be comparable to other exercise modes. Future randomised controlled trials are required to establish the effectiveness of swimming on physiological outcomes in healthy populations and those with non-communicable disease.
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15
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Joschtel B, Gomersall SR, Tweedy S, Petsky H, Chang AB, Trost SG. Effects of exercise training on physical and psychosocial health in children with chronic respiratory disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000409. [PMID: 30305925 PMCID: PMC6173241 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic disease in children is increasing, including the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on health outcomes in children with chronic respiratory disease. METHOD Five databases were searched for randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise training on children with chronic respiratory disease. Following the PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies were identified and data were extracted. A meta-analysis was conducted for the outcomes cardiovascular fitness, lung function and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS The initial search returned 3688 papers. Twenty-seven (17 in children with asthma, 10 in children with CF) were included in the systematic review and 24 of these were included in the meta-analysis. No studies were identified in children with bronchiectasis or BPD. Included papers had a total of 1009 participants aged 8-20 years. In addition to cardiovascular fitness, lung function and QoL, studies also assessed pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, muscular strength and inflammation. Meta-analysis showed a large significant effect size in favour of exercise for cardiovascular fitness (peak VO2) (standard mean difference (SMD)=1.16, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.70) and QoL (SMD=1.27, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.82) as well as a small, non-significant effect size for lung function (FEV1) (SMD=0.02, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.42). CONCLUSION Exercise training significantly improves cardiovascular fitness and QoL in children with asthma and CF. Further research is needed, particularly in children with bronchiectasis and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Joschtel
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sjaan R Gomersall
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean Tweedy
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Petsky
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Tiwi, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children’s Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Children’s Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stewart G Trost
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children’s Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Aggarwal B, Mulgirigama A, Berend N. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: prevalence, pathophysiology, patient impact, diagnosis and management. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2018; 28:31. [PMID: 30108224 PMCID: PMC6092370 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-018-0098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) can occur in individuals with and without asthma, and is prevalent among athletes of all levels. In patients with asthma, symptoms of EIB significantly increase the proportion reporting feelings of fearfulness, frustration, isolation, depression and embarrassment compared with those without symptoms. EIB can also prevent patients with asthma from participating in exercise and negatively impact their quality of life. Diagnosis of EIB is based on symptoms and spirometry or bronchial provocation tests; owing to low awareness of EIB and lack of simple, standardised diagnostic methods, under-diagnosis and mis-diagnosis of EIB are common. To improve the rates of diagnosis of EIB in primary care, validated and widely accepted symptom-based questionnaires are needed that can accurately replicate the current diagnostic standards (forced expiratory volume in 1 s reductions observed following exercise or bronchoprovocation challenge) in patients with and without asthma. In patients without asthma, EIB can be managed by various non-pharmacological methods and the use of pre-exercise short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs). In patients with asthma, EIB is often associated with poor asthma control but can also occur in individuals who have good control when not exercising. Inhaled corticosteroids are recommended when asthma control is suboptimal; however, pre-exercise SABAs are also widely used and are recommended as the first-line therapy. This review describes the burden, key features, diagnosis and current treatment approaches for EIB in patients with and without asthma and serves as a call to action for family physicians to be aware of EIB and consider it as a potential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Aggarwal
- Respiratory, Global Classic & Established Products, GSK, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Aruni Mulgirigama
- Respiratory, Global Classic & Established Products, GSK, Middlesex, London, UK
| | - Norbert Berend
- Global Respiratory Franchise, GSK, Middlesex, London, UK
- George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia
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17
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Iraqi B, Jroundi I, Iraqi A, Mahraoui C. The pharmacist's role in managing and ameliorating childhood's asthma care: a descriptive and transversal study about 104 pharmacists in the city of Rabat in Morocco. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:101. [PMID: 30364337 PMCID: PMC6195242 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.101.11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at enhancing the management of childhood asthma, with a focus on pharmacists in particular, by evaluating their knowledge of childhood asthma and assessing their attitude while they are providing asthma medicines. Consequently, it will look at the necessity of introducing training days about childhood asthma for pharmacists. This is a transversal and descriptive study which lingered from August to October 2015. Data has been collected using a questionnaire that was self-administered to every surveyed pharmacist in the city of Rabat. The 104 pharmacists who replied to the questionnaire have an average general understanding about asthma and its treatment. Only a quarter of them managed an asthma crisis in their pharmacy before directing the child to the emergency. 50% of them do not know the difference between the basic asthma therapy and the asthma attack therapy. However, all of them recommended the parents to see a physician regarding their child’s asthma. 75% advise the systematic use of an asthma spacer with the inhaler. 87.5% of them give advice to parents regarding the good measures for environmental control, and 98% estimate that the therapeutic education is important in childhood asthma management. 88.5% among them are interested in training days about childhood asthma.This study shows the necessity of further pharmacists’ education about asthma and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bousayna Iraqi
- Pediatric Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Unit, Ibn Sina Children's University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Jroundi
- Unit of Research and Training of Public Health, School of Medicine and Pharmacy University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amina Iraqi
- King Fahd School of Translation-Tangier, Morocco
| | - Chafiq Mahraoui
- Pediatric Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Unit, Ibn Sina Children's University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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18
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Bae JY, Jang KS, Kang S, Han DH, Yang W, Shin KO. Correlation between basic physical fitness and pulmonary function in Korean children and adolescents: a cross-sectional survey. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2687-92. [PMID: 26504269 PMCID: PMC4616070 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was a correlation between basic physical fitness and pulmonary function in Korean school students, to present an alternative method for improving their pulmonary function. [Subjects and Methods] Two hundred forty healthy students aged 6-17 years performed physical fitness tests of hand-grip strength, sit and reach, Sargent jump, single leg stance, and pulmonary function tests of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) using a Quark PFT. [Results] Muscle strength and power of boys improved in the late period of elementary school and middle school. Muscle strength of girls improved in the late period of elementary school. Analysis of factors affecting pulmonary function revealed that height, weight, BMI, and body fat significantly correlated with spirometric parameters. Right hand-grip strength, left hand-grip strength, and Sargent jump also significantly correlated with FVC and FEV1. [Conclusion] In order to improve the pulmonary function of children and adolescents, aerobic exercise and an exercise program to increase muscle strength and power is needed, and it should start in the late period of elementary school when muscle strength and power are rapidly increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yong Bae
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical
Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical
Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwun Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Air Force Academy,
Republic of Korea
| | - Don Hee Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering,
Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of
Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ok Shin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical
Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
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19
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Koenig J, Jarczok MN, Wasner M, Hillecke TK, Thayer JF. Heart rate variability and swimming. Sports Med 2015; 44:1377-91. [PMID: 24958562 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Professionals in the domain of swimming have a strong interest in implementing research methods in evaluating and improving training methods to maximize athletic performance and competitive outcome. Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained attention in research on sport and exercise to assess autonomic nervous system activity underlying physical activity and sports performance. Studies on swimming and HRV are rare. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the application of HRV in swimming research and draws implications for future research. METHODS A systematic search of databases (PubMed via MEDLINE, PSYNDEX and Embase) according to the PRISMA statement was employed. Studies were screened for eligibility on inclusion criteria: (a) empirical investigation (HRV) in humans (non-clinical); (b) related to swimming; (c) peer-reviewed journal; and (d) English language. RESULTS The search revealed 194 studies (duplicates removed), of which the abstract was screened for eligibility. Fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Included studies broadly fell into three classes: (1) control group designs to investigate between-subject differences (i.e. swimmers vs. non-swimmers, swimmers vs. other athletes); (2) repeated measures designs on within-subject differences of interventional studies measuring HRV to address different modalities of training or recovery; and (3) other studies, on the agreement of HRV with other measures. CONCLUSIONS The feasibility and possibilities of HRV within this particular field of application are well documented within the existing literature. Future studies, focusing on translational approaches that transfer current evidence in general practice (i.e. training of athletes) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koenig
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,
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20
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Abstract
Treatment of asthma lends itself to an integrative medicine approach due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. It is well established that asthma has a neuromuscular component (bronchospasm), an immunological component (inflammation), and a psychological component. This encourages the use of diverse approaches to address all avenues of pathophysiology, aiming for the most effective blend of treatment approaches possible. Integrative medicine is defined by NIH NCCAM ( http://nccam.nih.gov ) as medicine that blends the use of evidence-based complementary therapies with conventional medicine. Statistics from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), showed that approximately four out of 10 adults and approximately one in nine children and more than 50 % of children living with chronic illness, including asthma, used complementary therapies in the USA in 2007. Asthma and allergies rank among the top 15 most common medical conditions in which integrative therapies are used in both children and adults. To date, integrative treatment approaches with some evidence for benefit in asthma treatment include the following: nutrition modification, mind-body medicine, physical activity, and certain dietary supplement interventions.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common condition characterised by airway inflammation and airway narrowing, which can result in intermittent symptoms of wheezing, coughing and chest tightness, possibly limiting activities of daily life. Water-based exercise is believed to offer benefits for people with asthma through pollen-free air, humidity and effects of exercise on physical function. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of water-based exercise for adults with asthma. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of Trials (CAGR), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), PsycINFO, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information Database (LILACS), the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) and Google Scholar on 13 May 2014. We handsearched ongoing clinical trial registers and meeting abstracts of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the British Thoracic Society (BTS). SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with asthma comparing a water-based exercise group versus one or more of the following groups: usual care, land-based exercise, non-exercise. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors (AJG, VS) independently extracted data from the primary studies using a standard form developed for this purpose, which includes methods, participants, interventions and outcomes. We contacted trial authors to request additional data. Data were input by one review author and were double-checked by a second review author. MAIN RESULTS In this systematic review, we provide a narrative synthesis of available evidence from three small studies including 136 adult participants. The studies were at high risk of bias. No meta-analysis was possible because of methodological and interventional heterogeneity between included studies. The primary outcomes of quality of life and exacerbations leading to use of steroids were not reported by these studies. For exacerbations leading to health centre/hospital visits, uncertainty was wide because a very small number of events was reported (in a single study). Secondary outcomes symptoms, lung function, changes in medication and adverse effects, where available, described for each included study. The overall quality of the studies was very low, and no clear differences were noted between water-based exercise and comparator treatments. Therefore, we remain very uncertain about the effects of water-based exercise for adults with asthma. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The small number of participants in the three included studies, the clinical and methodological heterogeneity observed and the high risk of bias assessed mean that we are unable to assess the place of water-based exercise in asthma. Randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of water-based exercise for adults with asthma. For future research, we suggest greater methodological rigour (participant selection, blinding of outcome assessors, reporting of all outcomes analysed and registering of the study protocol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jose Grande
- Universidade do Extremo Sul CatarinenseDepartment of Public HealthAv. Universitária, 1105CriciúmaSanta CatarinaBrazil88806‐000
| | - Valter Silva
- Federal University of São Paulo ‐ UNIFESPInternal Medicine and TherapeuticsSão PauloBrazil
| | - Brenda NG Andriolo
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeBrazilian Cochrane CentreRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐000
| | - Rachel Riera
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeBrazilian Cochrane CentreRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSão PauloBrazil04038‐000
| | | | - Maria S Peccin
- Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of Human Movement SciencesR. Silva Jardim, 136 ‐ Vl. Mathias ‐SantosSão PauloBrazil11015‐020
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Beggs
- Royal Hobart Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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