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Jalal MS, Mehdi SZ, Akber JU, Gowa MA, Lifschitz C. Infantile Colic: A Survey of Physicians in Pakistan. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2024; 27:186-195. [PMID: 38818275 PMCID: PMC11134182 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2024.27.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Infantile colic diagnostic criteria were established by Rome IV. A universally accepted management remains to be established. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and perceived regional prevalence of infantile colic in Pakistan, as well as its effect on physicians and parents. Methods A questionnaire was distributed amongst 1,256 physicians. Results We received 800 replies. Wessel and Rome IV criteria were used by most physicians for diagnosis; however, the response "any infant who cries a lot" was selected by older physicians (48% of those over 60 years), physicians in rural areas (32%), physicians practicing in private clinics (27%), and general physicians (30%). Estimated prevalence of infantile colic ranges from 21-40%. Reassurance was the most widely recommended management strategy followed by herbal teas (51%), switching to a different formula (49%), probiotics (28%) and antibiotics (26%), discontinuation of breastfeeding (14%), elimination of dairy products from the breastfeeding mothers' diet (6%), and the administration of colic drops (1%). Most physicians considered the negative impact of colic on their personal lives and the parents as mild-to-moderate. Notably, 38% of percent of physicians routinely screened for maternal depression, and 45% of physicians were aware of the association between infantile colic and shaken baby syndrome. Conclusion Most physicians in Pakistan diagnose and manage infantile colic according to the established guidelines. However, the guidelines pertaining to treatment planning are not followed. Educational efforts directed toward general physicians and doctors practicing in rural areas and clinics must be implemented to avoid unnecessary testing and treatment burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saif Jalal
- Department of Pediatrics, Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zafar Mehdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Uddin Akber
- Department of Pediatrics, Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Carlos Lifschitz
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplantation, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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McWilliam V, Netting MJ, Volders E, Palmer DJ. World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) guidelines update - X - Breastfeeding a baby with cow's milk allergy. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100830. [PMID: 38020284 PMCID: PMC10656250 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy is rare in exclusively breastfed infants. To support the continuation of breastfeeding an infant after diagnosis with a cow's milk allergy, it is critical to examine the evidence for and against any form of cow's milk elimination diet for lactating mothers. In this narrative review, we highlight the lack of high-quality evidence, hence subsequent controversy, regarding whether the minuscule quantities of cow's milk proteins detectable in human milk cause infant cow's milk allergy symptoms. Current clinical practice recommendations advise a 2-4 week trial of maternal cow's milk dietary elimination for: a) IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy only if the infant is symptomatic on breastfeeding alone; b) non-IgE-mediated associated symptoms only if the history and examination strongly suggest cow's milk allergy; and c) infants with moderate to severe eczema/atopic dermatitis, unresponsive to topical steroids and sensitized to cow's milk protein. There should be a clear plan for home reintroduction of cow's milk into the maternal diet for a period of 1 week to determine that the cow's milk elimination is responsible for resolution of symptoms, and then subsequent reoccurrence of infant symptoms upon maternal cow's milk reintroduction. The evidence base to support the use of maternal cow's milk avoidance for the treatment of a breastfed infant with cow's milk allergy is of limited strength due to a lack of high-quality, adequately powered, randomised controlled trials. It is important to consider the consequences of maternal cow's milk avoidance on reducing immune enhancing factors in breast milk, as well as the potential nutritional and quality of life impacts on the mother. Referral to a dietitian is advised for dietary education, along with calcium and vitamin D supplementation according to local recommendations, and a maternal substitute milk should be advised. However, for most breastfed infants with cow's milk allergy maternal cow's milk dietary elimination will not be required, and active support of the mother to continue breastfeeding is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Merryn J. Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition Department, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Evelyn Volders
- Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Debra J. Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Soria R, Del Compare M, Sallaberry M, Martín G, Aprigliano G, Hermida V, Carosella M, Gruenberg M, Monsell S, Micone P, Maciero E, Giglio N. Efficacy of an extensively hydrolyzed formula with the addition of synbiotics in infants with cow's milk protein allergy: a real-world evidence study. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1265083. [PMID: 37876766 PMCID: PMC10591099 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1265083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most frequent food allergy in early childhood. For those infants requiring breastmilk substitutes, formulas with extensively hydrolyzed proteins (EHF), should be the treatment of choice. As there are limited data showing the progression of initial symptoms in infants newly diagnosed with CMPA who are treated with EHF with added synbiotics, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the resolution of symptoms in said infants after 4 weeks of treatment. As a secondary objective this study aimed to assess the impact of the treatment on the family's quality of life. Materials and Methods observational, longitudinal, prospective, and multicentric real-world evidence study. The intervention phase (EHF with synbiotics) lasted 28 days and was completed by 65 patients. Treating physicians registered child´s anthropometry, Infant Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire (IGSQ-13) and CoMiSS (Cow´s Milk Allergy Symptoms Score) both at baseline and after 28 days of treatment. During treatment, caregivers reported child´s regurgitation and stools, PO-SCORAD (Patient Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis) and FAQL-PB (Family Quality of Life-Parental Burden). Data were collected using Google Forms and analyzed through the STATA program. Results 95.4% of the patients showed an improvement or disappearance of the overall initial symptoms after 4 weeks of treatment. Gastrointestinal symptoms improved or disappeared in 92% of patients (p < 0.05) while dermatological symptoms improved or disappeared in 87.5% of patients (p < 0.05). The median CoMiSS at baseline was 9, with 21 patients exceeding the cut-off point of 12. After 4 weeks of treatment, the median dropped to 3, and no patient exceeded the 12-cut-off point (p = 0.000). At baseline, patients had a PO-SCORAD of 11.5 (interquartile range 1-23) that went to 1.0 (interquartile range 1-6) at day 28 (p = 0.000). The treatment diminished stool frequency (p < 0.05), improved stool consistency (p = 0.004) and decreased the frequency of regurgitation in infants with CMPA (p = 0.01). The percentage of patients who no longer had any episode of regurgitation increased from 11% to 31% on day 28 (p = 0.003). At baseline, 13% of patients cried more than 3 h per day, while at day 28 that percentage dropped to 3% (p = 0.03). An improvement in the infants' sleep pattern was also appreciated with the treatment. At study onset, 56% of the families reported feeling very overwhelmed, a percentage that dropped to 17% after 28 days of treatment (p < 0.05). The small percentage of families who did not feel overwhelmed at study onset (17%), grew to 43% on day 28 (p < 0.05). Conclusions The use of an EHF with synbiotics for the management of infants diagnosed with or suspected to have CMPA suggested a good safety profile, an adequate infant growth, and improvement of overall, gastrointestinal, and dermatological symptoms. It also suggested a lower daily frequency of regurgitations and stools, and an improvement in stool consistency, sleeping pattern, and quality of life of the infant and his family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Soria
- Sanatorio Infantil San Lucas, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mónica Del Compare
- Consultorios Externos Sanatorio Mater Dei, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Graciela Martín
- Clínica del Niño y Consultorios de Especialistas, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Aprigliano
- Consultorio Pediátrico Urquiza, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Hermida
- Consultorios Neuropediatría Barracas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mabel Carosella
- Grupo Pediátrico BelgranoR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvana Monsell
- Consultorio Privado, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Micone
- Servicio de Tocoginecología, Hospital Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Maciero
- Grupo Pediátrico BelgranoR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Giglio
- Grupo Pediátrico BelgranoR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Peng Y, Ma Y, Luo Z, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Yu R. Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1254198. [PMID: 37662007 PMCID: PMC10471993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1254198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Digestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is considered as a new potential economical therapy for its probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal system. We have provided an overview of the researches supporting various L. reuteri strains' application in treating common digestive system diseases, including infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, functional abdominal pain, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases. Methods The summarized literature in this review was derived from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results The therapeutic effects of L. reuteri in digestive system diseases may depend on various direct and indirect mechanisms, including metabolite production as well as modulation of the intestinal microbiome, preservation of the gut barrier function, and regulation of the host immune system. These actions are largely strain-specific and depend on the activation or inhibition of various certain signal pathways. It is well evidenced that L. reuteri can be effective both as a prophylactic measure and as a preferred therapy for infantile colic, and it can also be recommended as an adjuvant strategy to diarrhea, constipation, Helicobacter pylori infection in therapeutic settings. While preclinical studies have shown the probiotic potential of L. reuteri in the management of functional abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases, its application in these disease settings still needs further study. Conclusion This review focuses on the probiotic effects of L. reuteri on gut homeostasis via certain signaling pathways, and emphasizes the importance of these probiotics as a prospective treatment against several digestive system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Department of Pediatric, Jiangyin People’s Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Chouraqui JP, Brancato S, Delmas B, Hanh T. Effectiveness of a starch thickened infant formula with reduced lactose content, probiotics and prebiotics on quality of life and clinical outcome in infants with regurgitation and/or colic. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1164722. [PMID: 37305080 PMCID: PMC10249472 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1164722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regurgitation and colic are quite common in young infants, leading to a reduced quality of life (QoL) and to parental distress. Their management is challenging and aims to effectively reassure and relieve symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness over 30 days of a starch thickened formula with a reduced lactose content, Limosilactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) DSM 17938 and FOS/GOS. Methods A real-world prospective multicenter experimental study was conducted in a before-after design within subject. Full term infants 0-5 months with regurgitation or colic or both symptoms and without intercurrent illness were included after parental informed consent and received the studied formula. The primary endpoint was the improvement in QoL using the QUALIN infant's questionnaire. Secondary endpoints were the symptoms outcome and the formula tolerance. Results Of the 101 infants included (age: 6.2 ± 4.3 weeks), 33 had regurgitation, 34 colic and 34 had both. At D30, the QoL score was improved in 75% of infants in per protocol analysis (n = 68; +8.2 ± 13.7; p < 0.001), more in those with colic or both symptoms. Meanwhile, in intention to treat analysis (all p < 0.001), the daily number of regurgitations decreased by 61% and the weekly number of days with colic by 63% while the daily cumulative duration of crying decreased by 82 ± 106 mn. These improvements were observed within the first week by 89 and 76% of parents, respectively. Conclusion The study formula associated with reassurance is shown to be quickly effective in the management of infant's regurgitation or/and colic in routine clinical practice. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT04462640.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Chouraqui
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospital Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Sandra Brancato
- Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), Brignon, France
| | - Berenice Delmas
- Département Médical Nutrition Infantile, Nestlé France, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Thierry Hanh
- Département Médical Nutrition Infantile, Nestlé France, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
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6 Wochen alter Säugling, schreit seit Stunden fast durchgehend. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R. Cow’s milk-induced gastrointestinal disorders: From infancy to adulthood. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:437-454. [PMID: 36439902 PMCID: PMC9685681 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i6.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is related to many gastrointestinal disorders from the cradle to the grave due to the many milk ingredients that can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort and disorders. Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy, especially in infancy and childhood, which may persist into adulthood. There are three main types of CMPA; immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated CMPA, non-IgE-mediated CMPA, and mixed type. CMPA appears before the first birthday in almost all cases. Symptoms may start even during the neonatal period and can be severe enough to simulate neonatal sepsis. CMPA (often non-IgE mediated) can present with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, eosinophilic esophagitis, hemorrhagic gastritis, food protein-induced protein-losing enteropathy, and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Most CMPAs are benign and outgrown during childhood. CMPA is not as common in adults as in children, but when present, it is usually severe with a protracted course. Lactose intolerance is a prevalent condition characterized by the development of many symptoms related to the consumption of foods containing lactose. Lactose intolerance has four typical types: Developmental, congenital, primary, and secondary. Lactose intolerance and CMPA may be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms for many functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults. They are also common in inflammatory bowel diseases. Milk consumption may have preventive or promoter effects on cancer development. Milk may also become a source of microbial infection in humans, causing a wide array of diseases, and may help increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. This editorial summarizes the common milk-related disorders and their symptoms from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Chest Diseases, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busiateen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
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Shulman RJ, Chichlowski M, Orozco FG, Harris CL, Wampler JL, Bokulich NA, Berseth CL. Infant behavioral state and stool microbiome in infants receiving Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in formula: randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:580. [PMID: 36207675 PMCID: PMC9541012 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim was to evaluate infant behavioral state, stool microbiome profile and calprotectin in infants with infantile colic receiving a partially hydrolyzed protein formula with or without added Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus GG (LGG). Methods In this single-center, double-blind, controlled, parallel, prospective study, term infants (14–28 days of age) identified with colic (using modified Wessel’s criteria: cried and/or fussed ≥ 3 h/day for ≥ 3 days/week, in a one-week period) were randomized to receive one of two formulas over a three-week feeding period: marketed partially hydrolyzed cow’s milk-based infant formula (PHF, n = 35) or a similar formula with added LGG (PHF-LGG, n = 36). Parent-reported infant behavior was recorded at three time points (Study Days 2–4, 10–12, and 18–20). Duration (hours/day) of crying/fussing (averaged over each three-day period) was the primary outcome. Stool samples were collected at Baseline and Study End (Days 19–21) to determine stool LGG colonization (by qPCR) and microbial abundance (using 16S rRNA gene sequencing) and calprotectin (μg/g). Results Duration of crying/fussing (mean ± SE) decreased and awake/content behavior increased over time with no significant group differences over the course of the study. There were no group differences in the percentage of infants who experienced colic by study end. Colic decreased by Study End vs Baseline in both groups. Change in fecal calprotectin also was similar between groups. Comparing Study End vs Baseline, LGG abundance was greater in the PHF-LGG group (P < 0.001) whereas alpha diversity was greater in the PHF group (P = 0.022). Beta diversity was significantly different between PHF and PHF-LGG at Study End (P = 0.05). By study end, relative abundance of L. rhamnosus was higher in the PHF-LGG vs PHF group and vs Baseline. Conclusions In this pilot study of infants with colic, both study formulas were well tolerated. Crying/fussing decreased and awake/content behavior increased in both study groups over the course of the study. Study results demonstrate a successful introduction of the probiotic to the microbiome. The partially hydrolyzed protein formula with added LGG was associated with significant changes in the gut microbiome. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02340143. Registered 16/01/2015. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03647-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Shulman
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Pediatric Abdominal Pain Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates St., Room 8072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt
- Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, 47721, USA
| | - Fabiola Gutierrez Orozco
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt
- Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, 47721, USA
| | - Cheryl L Harris
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt
- Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, 47721, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wampler
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt
- Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, 47721, USA
| | - Nicholas A Bokulich
- Laboratory of Food Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carol Lynn Berseth
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt
- Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, 47721, USA
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Di Profio E, Magenes VC, Fiore G, Agostinelli M, La Mendola A, Acunzo M, Francavilla R, Indrio F, Bosetti A, D’Auria E, Borghi E, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Special Diets in Infants and Children and Impact on Gut Microbioma. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153198. [PMID: 35956374 PMCID: PMC9370825 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex system that starts to take shape early in life. Several factors influence the rise of microbial gut colonization, such as term and mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, maternal diet, presence of siblings and family members, pets, genetics, local environment, and geographical location. Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and later dietary patterns during infancy and toddlerhood are major players in the proper development of microbial communities. Nonetheless, if dysbiosis occurs, gut microbiota may remain impaired throughout life, leading to deleterious consequences, such as greater predisposition to non-communicable diseases, more susceptible immune system and altered gut–brain axis. Children with specific diseases (i.e., food allergies, inborn errors of metabolism, celiac disease) need a special formula and later a special diet, excluding certain foods or nutrients. We searched on PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Embase for relevant pediatric studies published over the last twenty years on gut microbiota dietary patterns and excluded case reports or series and letters. The aim of this review is to highlight the changes in the gut microbiota in infants and children fed with special formula or diets for therapeutic requirements and, its potential health implications, with respect to gut microbiota under standard diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Acunzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Pediatric Section, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavia Indrio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Oral lactase for infantile colic: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:468. [PMID: 35922776 PMCID: PMC9347088 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile colic is a common problem during the first three months of life. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in an urban hospital in Delhi, India evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral lactase in management of infantile colic. Methods One hundred sixty-two clinically healthy infants aged < 5 months age [mean (SD) = 63.5 (30.5) days] fulfilling the Rome-IV diagnostic criteria for infantile colic were enrolled. Eligible children were randomly allocated to receive 5 drops of lactase (600 FCC units/mL) (n = 80) or placebo (n = 82) mixed with breast milk or formula feed four times a day for a duration of 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were duration of crying or fussing (min/d), and number of days with colic lasting > 3 h/d; secondary outcomes were parental satisfaction and adverse events. Results At the end of four weeks, mean (SD) crying or fussing time (min/d) was significantly shorter in infants receiving lactase in comparison to placebo [89.9 (115.2) vs.178.5 (153.2); P = 0.001]. The mean (SD) number of days with colic was also significantly less in the lactase group as compared to placebo group at the end of the treatment [12.1 (7.8) vs 17.6 (8.4); P < 0.001]. By the end of 4th week, parental satisfaction in terms of infant’s mood, activity, alertness, comfort and oral intake was better in intervention group. The adverse event profile was comparable between two groups. Conclusions Oral lactase treatment in infantile colic results in symptomatic relief in terms of shortening of duration of crying or fussing, and better parental satisfaction. Trial registration Clinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2017/12/010930) registered on 20/12/2017.
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11
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Pediatric Aspects of Nutrition Interventions for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:995-1009. [PMID: 35416794 PMCID: PMC9169765 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary factors may play an important role in the generation of symptoms in children with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). Although dietary modification may provide successful treatment, there is a relative paucity of controlled trials that have shown the effectiveness of dietary interventions. This study is a narrative review that explores the existing literature on food and pediatric DGBIs. The following have been shown to be beneficial: (i) in infants with colic, removing cow's milk from the infant's diet or from the maternal diet in those who are breastfed; (ii) in infants with regurgitation, adding thickeners to the formula or removing cow's milk protein from the infant's diet or the maternal diet in those who are breastfed; and (iii) in children with pain-predominant DGBIs, using soluble fiber supplementation or a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet. In children with functional constipation, there is no evidence that adding fiber is beneficial. Given that most dietary interventions include restriction of different foods in children, a thoughtful approach and close follow-up are needed.
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12
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Douglas PS, Perrella SL, Geddes DT. A brief gestalt intervention changes ultrasound measures of tongue movement during breastfeeding: case series. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:94. [PMID: 35105336 PMCID: PMC8808964 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactation consultants frequently advise adjustments to fit and hold (or positioning and attachment) with the aim of optimising intra-oral nipple placement. However, approaches to fit and hold vary widely, with limited evidence of benefits, and effects of fit and hold on infant tongue movement have not been examined. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether a gestalt breastfeeding intervention alters tongue movement, using measurements from ultrasound imaging to determine nipple placement and intra-oral nipple and breast tissue dimensions. METHODS Ultrasound measurements were conducted in five breastfeeding dyads, infants aged 4-20 weeks, while feeding in their usual or 'standard' position and again after brief application of gestalt principles of fit and hold. Four of the mother-baby pairs, who had received comprehensive lactation support, reported persisting nipple pain. Three of these infants had difficulty latching and fussed at the breast; three had been diagnosed with oral ties. A fifth pair was breastfeeding successfully. RESULTS Ultrasound demonstrated that the distance from nipple tip to junction of the hard and soft palate decreased, intra-oral nipple and breast tissue dimensions increased, and nipple slide decreased after a brief gestalt intervention. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggest that changes in fit and hold impact on infant tongue movement and contour. Further research investigating short- and long-term outcomes of a gestalt breastfeeding intervention in larger cohorts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Sylvia Douglas
- Possums & Co., PO Box 5139, West End, Brisbane, 4101, Australia.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, Australia.
| | - Sharon Lisa Perrella
- Geddes Hartmann Human Lactation Research Group, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Donna Tracy Geddes
- Geddes Hartmann Human Lactation Research Group, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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13
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Aumeistere L, Beluško A, Ciproviča I, Zavadska D. Mineral and Vitamin Intakes of Latvian Women during Lactation Period. Foods 2022; 11:259. [PMID: 35159411 PMCID: PMC8834638 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies from Europe and the United States indicate that women during the lactation period do not consume sufficient amounts of essential micronutrients. Previously reported data from Latvia indicates a low vegetable, fruit, fish, cereal, and milk and dairy products intake among lactating women. This raises concerns that nutrient (especially minerals and vitamins) intakes could also be insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to assess mineral and vitamin intakes among lactating women in Latvia in comparison to nutritional guidelines at both a national and European level. 72-h food diaries were collected from 62 participants during the period November 2016 till December 2017 and from 68 participants during the period from January 2020 to December 2020. This also allowed us to evaluate whether nutrient intakes among lactating women in Latvia have changed in recent years. The Fineli Food Composition Database was used to calculate micronutrient intakes among the participants. MS Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics 23 were used for the statistical data analysis. The results revealed that dietary intakes of calcium, iron, iodine, and vitamins A, D, B1, and B9 among the participants of both study periods did not meet dietary recommendations. Low mineral and vitamin intakes could potentially affect the composition of human milk, and therefore micronutrient intakes, for breastfed infants. This indicates a need to develop dietary guidelines in order to improve diets among lactating women in Latvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Līva Aumeistere
- Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rīgas iela 22a, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (A.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Alīna Beluško
- Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rīgas iela 22a, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (A.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Inga Ciproviča
- Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rīgas iela 22a, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia; (A.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Dace Zavadska
- Department of Pediatrics, Riga Stradiņš University, Vienības gatve 45, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
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14
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D’Auria E, Salvatore S, Acunzo M, Peroni D, Pendezza E, Di Profio E, Fiore G, Zuccotti GV, Verduci E. Hydrolysed Formulas in the Management of Cow's Milk Allergy: New Insights, Pitfalls and Tips. Nutrients 2021; 13:2762. [PMID: 34444922 PMCID: PMC8401609 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An allergy to cow's milk requires the avoidance of cow's milk proteins and, in some infants, the use of a hypoallergenic formula. This review aims to summarize the current evidence concerning different types of hydrolysed formulas (HF), and recommendations for the treatment of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy and functional gastrointestinal disorders in infancy, for which some dietary intervention and HF may be of benefit to both immune and motor mechanisms. Current guidelines recommend cow's milk protein (i.e., whey or casein) extensively hydrolysed formula (eHF) as the first choice for cow's milk allergy treatment, and amino acid formulas for more severe cases or those with reactions to eHF. Rice hydrolysed formulas (rHF) have also become available in recent years. Both eHF and rHF are well tolerated by the majority of children allergic to cow's milk, with no concerns regarding body growth or adverse effects. Some hydrolysates may have a pro-active effect in modulating the immune system due to the presence of small peptides and additional components, like biotics. Despite encouraging results on tolerance acquisition, evidence is still not conclusive, thus hampering our ability to draw firm conclusions. In clinical practice, the choice of hypoallergenic formula should be based on the infant's age, the severity, frequency and persistence of symptoms, immune phenotype, growth pattern, formula cost, and in vivo proof of tolerance and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale “F. Del Ponte”, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Miriam Acunzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Erica Pendezza
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
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15
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Karcz K, Lehman I, Królak-Olejnik B. The link between knowledge of the maternal diet and breastfeeding practices in mothers and health workers in Poland. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:58. [PMID: 34372889 PMCID: PMC8351426 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are multiple misconceptions concerning the breastfeeding mother's diet and its adverse impact on breast milk composition and the breastfed child's health, which might lead to breastfeeding cessation. Although prophylactic maternal dietary restrictions are not recommended, mothers all over the world are often recommended to avoid certain foods, due to cultural beliefs, social pressure and even outdated or ambiguous medical recommendations. In Poland, there is no systematic approach to breastfeeding education in the form of nationwide educational programs for particular social groups. It was estimated that in 2017 only 3-4% of Polish infants were exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to recognize the scale of common dietary misconceptions among lactating mothers in Poland and to compare knowledge and opinions between medical staff and mothers who have ever breastfed a child. In addition, the paper is an attempt to identify factors contributing to the still current practice of recommending prophylactic dietary restrictions to breastfeeding mothers by medical staff. METHODS The study was conducted in Poland, in January - February 2019. The study used a diagnostic poll method and was conducted mainly in an electronic form. A total of 1159 completed questionnaires data were analyzed: 35.1% completed by medical staff and 64.9% by mothers in non-medical professions. Statistical calculations were conducted with Chi-square test, logistic regression and U Mann Whitney test (level of significance set at 0.05). RESULTS The respondents presented a good level of knowledge and predominantly assessed the questioned statements correctly. Duration of breastfeeding was found to be the main factor determining respondents' knowledge (p < 0.05). Concerning medical staff, the parity (p < 0.001) and applying an elimination diet when themselves breastfeeding (p < 0.001) had a significant impact on recommendation of prophylactic dietetic restrictions to the lactating women. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of a resonably good level of knowledge on maternal nutrition in the lactation period, both breastfeeding mothers and medical staff are still convinced of the beneficial effect of preventive dietary restrictions, which affects further lactational counselling and lactational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Karcz
- Department and Clinic of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Izabela Lehman
- Department and Clinic of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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16
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Dimitratos SM, Brown H, Shafizadeh T, Kazi S, Altmann T, Ostrer B. Symptomatic relief from at-home use of activated Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001 probiotic in infants: results from a consumer survey on the effects on diaper rash, colic symptoms, and sleep. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:27-34. [PMID: 34057053 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome during infancy is directly involved in the digestion of human milk, development of the immune system, and long-term health outcomes. Gut dysbiosis in early life has been linked to multiple short-term ailments, from diaper dermatitis and poor stooling habits, to poor sleep and fussiness, with mixed results in the scientific literature on the efficacy of probiotics for symptom resolution. Despite the growing interest in probiotics for consumer use, observed symptomatic relief is rarely documented. This study aims to evaluate observed symptomatic relief from at-home use of activated Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001 in infants. Consumer feedback was collected over a 2-year period via a 30-day post-purchase online survey of B. infantis EVC001 (Evivo®) customers. Outcome measures included observed changes in diaper rash, symptoms of colic, and sleep behaviours in infants fed B. infantis EVC001. A total of 1,621 respondents completed the survey. Before purchasing B. infantis EVC001, the majority of respondents visited the product website, researched infant probiotics online, or consulted with their doctor or other healthcare professional. Of the participants whose infants had ever experienced diaper rash, 72% (n=448) reported improvements, and 57% of those reported complete resolution of this problem. Of those who responded to questions about gassiness/fussiness, naptime sleep, and night-time sleep behaviours, 63% (n=984), 33% (n=520), and 52% (n=806) reported resolution or improvements, respectively. Although clinical data regarding probiotic use are often inconclusive for symptom resolution, home use of B. infantis EVC001 in infants improved diaper rash, gassiness/fussiness, and sleep quality within the first week of use in a significant number of respondents who engaged in a voluntary post-purchase survey. These outcomes may be a result of the unique genetic capacity of B. infantis EVC001 to colonise the infant gut highlighting the importance of strain selection in evaluating the effects of probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Dimitratos
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - H Brown
- Evolve BioSystems, Inc, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | | | - S Kazi
- Evolve BioSystems, Inc, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - T Altmann
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Calabasas Pediatrics Wellness Center, Calabasas, CA 91302, USA
| | - B Ostrer
- Evolve BioSystems, Inc, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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17
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Salvatore S, Agosti M, Baldassarre ME, D’Auria E, Pensabene L, Nosetti L, Vandenplas Y. Cow's Milk Allergy or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Can We Solve the Dilemma in Infants? Nutrients 2021; 13:297. [PMID: 33494153 PMCID: PMC7909757 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) may manifest with similar symptoms in infants making the diagnosis challenging. While immediate reaction to cow's milk protein indicate CMA, regurgitation, vomiting, crying, fussiness, poor appetite, sleep disturbances have been reported in both CMA and GERD and in other conditions such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, eosinophilic esophagitis, anatomic abnormalities, metabolic and neurological diseases. Gastrointestinal manifestations of CMA are often non-IgE mediated and clinical response to cow's milk free diet is not a proof of immune system involvement. Neither for non-IgE CMA nor for GERD there is a specific symptom or diagnostic test. Oral food challenge, esophageal pH impedance and endoscopy are recommended investigations for a correct clinical classification but they are not always feasible in all infants. As a consequence of the diagnostic difficulty, both over- and under- diagnosis of CMA or GERD may occur. Quite frequently acid inhibitors are empirically started. The aim of this review is to critically update the current knowledge of both conditions during infancy. A practical stepwise approach is proposed to help health care providers to manage infants presenting with persistent regurgitation, vomiting, crying or distress and to solve the clinical dilemma between GERD or CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Unit, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Massimo Agosti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Unit, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Neonatology and NICU Section, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Unit, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Luana Nosetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Unit, “F. Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Kidz Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
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18
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Chen K, Liu C, Li H, Lei Y, Zeng C, Xu S, Li J, Savino F. Infantile Colic Treated With Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894 and Pediococcus pentosaceus CECT8330: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:635176. [PMID: 34568236 PMCID: PMC8461252 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.635176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colic is a common condition in infants <4 months of age. Attempts to treat infantile colic with probiotics have shown variable efficacy and overall low evidence of success. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894 (KABP042) and Pediococcus pentosaceus CECT8330 (KABP041) mix (1 × 109 colony forming units) would improve the symptoms of infantile colic. Methods: A total of 112 exclusively breastfed or mixed fed infants aged <2 months and meeting the ROME IV criteria for infantile colic were recruited. The infants were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to receive orally administered probiotics (intervention group, IG, n = 48) or placebo (placebo group, PG, n = 42) daily for 21 days. Results: Infants in the IG had significantly shorter crying time (p < 0.001) on day 7 [IG vs. PG, median (25-75th percentile): 38 (3.5-40.5) vs. 62 (40-108) min/day], day 14 [IG vs. PG: 20 (0-40) vs. 50 (30-75) min/day], and day 21 [IG vs. PG: 14 (0-33) vs. 40 (28-62) min/day]. Higher responder ratio and fewer crying/fussing episodes on days 7, 14, and 21 and better stool consistency on day 21 were observed in the IG (p < 0.01) as compared to the PG. Conversely, no significant effects on stool frequency or quality of life were observed. Conclusions: In summary, daily oral administration of B. longum CECT7894 (KABP042) and P. pentosaceus CECT8330 (KABP041) was an effective treatment for shortening crying time due to infantile colic and for improving fecal consistency. This trial was registered retrospectively in December 2019 with a trial number of ISRCTN92431452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Child Health Care, Angel Children's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Qingbaijiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuehua Lei
- Department of Child Health Care, Qingbaijiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenggui Zeng
- Department of Child Health Care, Chengdu Caojiaxiang Community Healthcare Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhong Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Huili Maternity and Child Care Center, Huili, China
| | - Jianqiu Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Angel Children's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Francesco Savino
- Department of Paediatrics, S.S.D. Subintensive Neonatal Care, Children Hospital 'Regina Margherita', Turin, Italy
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19
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Labrosse R, Graham F, Caubet JC. Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies in Children: An Update. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072086. [PMID: 32674427 PMCID: PMC7400851 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-immunoglobulin E-mediated gastrointestinal food allergic disorders (non-IgE-GI-FA) include food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), which present with symptoms of variable severity, affecting the gastrointestinal tract in response to specific dietary antigens. The diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FA is made clinically, and relies on a constellation of typical symptoms that improve upon removal of the culprit food. When possible, food reintroduction should be attempted, with the documentation of symptoms relapse to establish a conclusive diagnosis. Management includes dietary avoidance, nutritional counselling, and supportive measures in the case of accidental exposure. The prognosis is generally favorable, with the majority of cases resolved before school age. Serial follow-up to establish whether the acquisition of tolerance has occurred is therefore essential in order to avoid unnecessary food restriction and potential consequent nutritional deficiencies. The purpose of this review is to delineate the distinctive clinical features of non-IgE-mediated food allergies presenting with gastrointestinal symptomatology, to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis driving these diseases, to discuss recent findings, and to address currents gaps in the knowledge, to guide future management opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Labrosse
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - François Graham
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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20
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Savino F, Montanari P, Galliano I, Daprà V, Bergallo M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) for the Management of Infantile Colic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061693. [PMID: 32517123 PMCID: PMC7352391 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 together with the maternal diet avoidance of cow’s milk in treating infantile colic. Methods: Forty-five colicky breastfed infants were consecutively randomized to receive L. rhamnosus for 28 days at a dosage of 5 × 109 cfu per day or placebo. Faecal samples were collected from each subject before starting supplementation and at the end of the study period and were immediately analysed. Faecal calprotectin was detected via a quantitative assay. The total bacterial load and selected bacterial species were evaluated using real-time TaqMan PCR. Results: After supplementation for 28 days with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, median full-force daily crying was reduced (104 versus 242 min, p < 0.001) and the values of faecal calprotectin decreased significantly (p = 0.026). Furthermore, the probiotic increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (p = 0.048) and total bacteria (p = 0.040); all these effects were not observed in the placebo group. Conclusion: Infants treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 for 28 days, in association with the elimination of cow’s milk from the maternal diet, presented some interesting features related to the effect of this probiotic treatment: reductions in crying time and faecal calprotectin, with increased total bacteria and Lactobacillus. To validate these results, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on a larger cohort is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Savino
- Department of Pediatrics, S.S.D. Subintensive Neonatal Care, Children Hospital “Regina Margherita”, A.U.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-313-5618
| | - Paola Montanari
- Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.M.); (I.G.); (V.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.M.); (I.G.); (V.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Valentina Daprà
- Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.M.); (I.G.); (V.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Dipartimento delle Scienze di Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Scuola di Medicina, 10126 Torino, Italy; (P.M.); (I.G.); (V.D.); (M.B.)
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Karcz K, Lehman I, Królak-Olejnik B. Foods to Avoid While Breastfeeding? Experiences and Opinions of Polish Mothers and Healthcare Providers. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061644. [PMID: 32498286 PMCID: PMC7352950 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Popular beliefs regarding a mother’s diet during lactation have a significant impact on breastfeeding practices among mothers, as well on breastfeeding counseling among healthcare providers worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess mothers’ and medical professionals’ knowledge and opinions on the “lactating mother’s diet”. An electronic survey, prepared in Polish, was administered to healthcare providers, as well as mothers who have breastfed a child. The chi-square test, logistic regression, and Mann Whitney U test were used for statistical calculations. Out of a total of 1180 responses received, 1159 were analyzed, and 21 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The survey was completed by 407 (35%) medical healthcare providers and 752 (65%) lactating mothers in non-medical professions. In total, the study included 1074 mothers who have breastfed a child, and 29.14% of them reported that they eliminated certain foods from their diet when breastfeeding. There was no statistically significant difference in the responses received from mothers and medical staff providing maternal care (for each of 17 products, e.g., steak tartare, sushi, legumes, dairy products, p > 0.05 by the Mann-Whitney test). However, a logistic regression revealed some significant correlations with other variables (e.g., duration of lactation). The respondents revealed an appropriate level of knowledge on nutrition during lactation and the majority of participants neither adhered to nor recommended a prophylactic elimination diet. Among other evaluated factors, the experience of following an elimination diet affected respondents’ knowledge of nutrition during breastfeeding. Both mothers and healthcare providers require good nutritional education.
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Munblit D, Crawley H, Hyde R, Boyle RJ. Health and nutrition claims for infant formula are poorly substantiated and potentially harmful. BMJ 2020; 369:m875. [PMID: 32376671 PMCID: PMC8581741 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Marketing claims for infant formula should be banned, argue Daniel Munblit and colleagues
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Richard Hyde
- School of Law, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert J Boyle
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre of Evidence-based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Ellwood J, Draper-Rodi J, Carnes D. Comparison of common interventions for the treatment of infantile colic: a systematic review of reviews and guidelines. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035405. [PMID: 32102827 PMCID: PMC7202698 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of systematic reviews and national guidelines to assess the effectiveness of four treatment approaches (manual therapy, probiotics, proton pump inhibitors and simethicone) on colic symptoms including infant crying time, sleep distress and adverse events. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Mantis for studies published between 2009 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews and guidelines that used evidence and expert panel opinion. Three reviewers independently selected articles by title, abstract and full paper review. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Selected studies were assessed for quality using modified standardised checklists by two authors. Meta-analysed data for our outcomes of interest were extracted and narrative conclusions were assessed. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were selected. High-level evidence showed that probiotics were most effective for reducing crying time in breastfed infants (range -25 min to -65 min over 24 hours). Manual therapies had moderate to low-quality evidence showing reduced crying time (range -33 min to -76 min per 24 hours). Simethicone had moderate to low evidence showing no benefit or negative effect. One meta-analysis did not support the use of proton pump inhibitors for reducing crying time and fussing. Three national guidelines unanimously recommended the use of education, parental reassurance, advice and guidance and clinical evaluation of mother and baby. Consensus on other advice and treatments did not exist. CONCLUSIONS The strongest evidence for the treatment of colic was probiotics for breastfed infants, followed by weaker but favourable evidence for manual therapy indicated by crying time. Both forms of treatment carried a low risk of serious adverse events. The guidance reviewed did not reflect these findings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019139074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ellwood
- Research Department, University College of Osteopathy, London, UK
| | | | - Dawn Carnes
- Research Department, University College of Osteopathy, London, UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Di Gaspero NC, Razlog R, Patel R, Pellow J. Perceived effectiveness of complementary medicine by mothers of infants with colic in Gauteng. Health SA 2020; 24:1175. [PMID: 31934429 PMCID: PMC6917380 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v24i0.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infantile colic is a self-limiting condition, characterised by spasmodic, excessive and inconsolable crying without apparent cause. Although common, there is no widely accepted conventional treatment approach for colic. Complementary medicine is often promoted as an alternative therapeutic option for infantile colic; however, there is limited research available on its use, safety and effectiveness. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the perceived effectiveness of complementary medicine by mothers of infants with colic by means of the Infantile Colic Questionnaire. Setting Mothers of infants who had colic were recruited from complementary medicine pharmacies, schools, baby clinics and various businesses in Gauteng, South Africa. Methods A quantitative-descriptive design was used whereby data was collected through a randomised, cross-sectional questionnaire. The research sample consisted of 152 participants (mothers), aged between 18 and 45 years, with one or more children who suffered from symptoms of infantile colic, who had used complementary medicine as a form of treatment. Results Results indicated that most participants made use of both complementary and conventional medicines for their infant’s colic; the most commonly used complementary medicine products were homeopathic remedies, probiotics and herbal medicines. Some participants were, however, unfamiliar with the term ‘complementary medicine’, indicating a need for further patient education. Conclusions The participants perceived complementary medicines as safe and effective forms of treatment for infantile colic. However, further, larger scale studies should be conducted to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radmila Razlog
- Department of Homoeopathy, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reshma Patel
- Department of Homoeopathy, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Janice Pellow
- Department of Homoeopathy, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Di Mauro A, Baldassarre ME, Brindisi G, Zicari AM, Tarantini M, Laera N, Capozza M, Panza R, Salvatore S, Pensabene L, Fanelli M, Laforgia N. Hydrolyzed Protein Formula for Allergy Prevention in Preterm Infants: Follow-Up Analysis of a Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:422. [PMID: 32903747 PMCID: PMC7438860 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic diseases are a major public health burden worldwide. Evidence suggests that early nutrition might play a key role in the future development of allergies and the use of hydrolyzed protein formulas have been proposed to prevent allergic disease, mainly in term infants with risk factors. Aim: To evaluate the preventive effect of a hydrolyzed protein formula vs. an intact protein formula on allergy development in preterm infants with or without risk factors. Methods: We performed a 3-year follow-up study of a previous triple-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Evidence of atopic dermatitis, asthma and IgE-mediated food allergies were evaluated according to a validated parental questionnaire (Comprehensive Early Childhood Allergy Questionnaire). Food sensitization was also investigated by skin prick test at 3 years of chronological age. Results: Of the 30 subjects in the intact protein formula group and 30 in the extensively hydrolyzed formula group, respectively 18 and 16 completed the 3-year follow-up and entered the final analysis. No group differences in the incidence of atopic dermatitis, asthma, IgE-mediated food allergies, and food sensitization were found. Conclusion: Despite the small number of cases, extensively hydrolyzed protein formula seems to be ineffective in allergic diseases prevention in preterm neonates. Further adequately powered, randomized controlled trials evaluating hydrolyzed protein formula administration to prevent allergic diseases in preterm neonates are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Mauro
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Pediatrics Department, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Pediatrics Department, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Tarantini
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicla Laera
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela Capozza
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Panza
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Pediatric, Ospedale "F. Del Ponte", University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Margherita Fanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Nocerino R, De Filippis F, Cecere G, Marino A, Micillo M, Di Scala C, de Caro C, Calignano A, Bruno C, Paparo L, Iannicelli AM, Cosenza L, Maddalena Y, della Gatta G, Coppola S, Carucci L, Ercolini D, Berni Canani R. The therapeutic efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 ® in infant colic: A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:110-120. [PMID: 31797399 PMCID: PMC6973258 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of infant colic is poorly defined. Gut microbiota seems to be involved, supporting the potential therapeutic role of probiotics. AIMS To assess the rate of infants with a reduction of ≥50% of mean daily crying duration after 28 days of intervention with the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12® (BB-12). Secondary outcomes were daily number of crying episodes, sleeping time, number of bowel movements and stool consistency. METHODS Randomized controlled trial (RCT) on otherwise healthy exclusively breastfed infants with infant colic randomly allocated to receive BB-12 (1 × 109 CFU/day) or placebo for 28 days. Gut microbiota structure and butyrate, beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2), cathelicidin (LL-37), secretory IgA (sIgA) and faecal calprotectin levels were assessed. RESULTS Eighty infants were randomised, 40/group. The rate of infants with reduction of ≥50% of mean daily crying duration was higher in infants treated with BB-12, starting from the end of 2nd week. No infant relapsed when treatment was stopped. The mean number of crying episodes decreased in both groups, but with a higher effect in BB-12 group (-4.7 ± 3.4 vs -2.3 ± 2.2, P < 0.05). Mean daily stool frequency decreased in both groups but the effect was significantly higher in the BB-12 group; stool consistency was similar between the two groups. An increase in Bifidobacterium abundance (with significant correlation with crying time reduction), butyrate and HBD-2, LL-37, sIgA levels associated with a decrease in faecal calprotectin level were observed in the BB-12 group. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with BB-12 is effective in managing infant colic. The effect could derive from immune and non-immune mechanisms associated with a modulation of gut microbiota structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nocerino
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Gaetano Cecere
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Antonio Marino
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Maria Micillo
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Carmen Di Scala
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Carmen de Caro
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | - Cristina Bruno
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Anna M. Iannicelli
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Linda Cosenza
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Ylenia Maddalena
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Giusy della Gatta
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IIPorticiItaly
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical ScienceUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- CEINGE Advanced BiotechnologiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food‐Induced DiseasesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile colic has an effect on both infants and their parents, who become exhausted and concerned as they attempt to comfort their child. Common approaches have focused upon physical treatments to reduce symptoms, with inconclusive evidence as to their effectiveness. An alternative approach seeks to provide training, support and psychological interventions for parents. This approach is known as parent training programmes. Programmes can include soothing techniques, advice on feeding or normalisation material in any form. The teaching format can vary including face-to-face courses, online learning, printed materials, home visits and remote support and counselling. Here, we aim to collate the evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions and examine their effectiveness at reducing infantile colic symptoms and parental anxiety levels, and their safety. OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of parent training programmes for managing colic in infants under four months of age. 2. To identify the educational content and attributes of such published programmes. SEARCH METHODS In June 2019 we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, 13 other databases and two trials registers. We also handsearched conference abstracts, inspected the references of included studies and contacted leaders in the field for more trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs investigating the effectiveness of any form of parental training programmes, alone or in combination, versus another intervention(s) or control, on infantile colic. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias within the included studies. We used Review Manager 5 to analyse the data. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE methodology. MAIN RESULTS Our search found 6064 records from which we selected 20 for full-text review. From these, we identified seven studies with 1187 participants that met our inclusion criteria. All of the studies included infants under the age of four months suffering from infantile colic. Four studies were conducted in the USA, one in Canada, one in the Netherlands and one in Iran. Four studies stated their funding sources, which included national research institutes, foundations and nutritional companies. Five studies assessed parent training versus a control group that received reassurance or routine care; and of these, one study was three-armed and also examined the effectiveness of using a specialised baby seat. One study examined parent training programmes against a milk-exclusion diet and one study assessed a parent training programme versus the same parent training programme plus swaddling. The duration of the interventions varied, with the shortest being six days and the longest being three months. Generally, most studies had low participant numbers and were at high risk of bias, prone to selection bias, performance bias, and the placebo effect. We could not complete the planned qualitative analysis (objective 2) due to lack of data in study reports and no further information being supplied by authors on request. Instead, we completed a descriptive content analysis with the limited information available. The parent training interventions were found to focus on one or a combination of the following: soothing techniques for crying infants (six studies); general care advice, including sleep (four studies); feeding advice (two studies); stress reduction and empathic programme for parents (two studies); and positive play interaction advice (one study). One study taught 'kangaroo care', a specific form of skin-to-skin cuddling. The control groups consisted of reassurance (two studies), advice to rock the infant in the crib (one study), or no intervention (two studies). Parent training versus control We conducted a meta-analysis using data from three studies (157 infants) that assessed the primary outcome of 'crying time at completion of study period'. Parent training was more effective than control: mean difference (MD) -113.58 m/d, 95% confidence interval (CI) -144.19 m/d to -82.96 m/d; low-certainty evidence (downgraded due to imprecision and some concerns with risk of bias). Parent training versus specialised baby seat One study (38 participants) found no difference in mean crying time at completion between the parent training group and the specialised baby seat group, but did not report specific figures. Parent training versus a milk-exclusion/soy milk formula One study (20 participants) comparing parent training with a milk-exclusion/soy milk formula found crying time at completion of the study to be 2.03 hours versus 1.08 hours, respectively. Parent training versus parent training plus swaddling One study (398 participants) comparing parental training with the same intervention plus training on how to swaddle an infant did not report separate data for each group. No adverse effects were reported, but these were not explicitly reported in any study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence on the effectiveness and safety of parent training programmes for managing infantile colic. Despite a single meta-analysis showing that parent training may reduce crying times for infants, compared to control, the certainty of the evidence was low. Evidence for other comparisons was sparse. We were unable to identify comprehensively the educational content and attributes of the included programmes due to a lack of information in study reports. Further RCTs are needed: they should define interventions clearly to ensure replicability, address all appropriate outcome measures, and minimise risk of bias in order to assess definitively the role of parent training programmes in managing infantile colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Gordon
- University of Central LancashireSchool of MedicinePrestonLancashireUK
| | - Jesal Gohil
- University of Central LancashireSchool of MedicinePrestonLancashireUK
| | - Shel SC Banks
- Blackpool Victoria HospitalFamilies DivisionBlackpoolUK
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Douglas PS. Pre-emptive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Theoretical Foundations and Clinical Translation. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:66. [PMID: 31798425 PMCID: PMC6877903 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are an emergent public health problem, placing significant burden upon the individual, family and health system. ASD are polygenetic spectrum disorders of neural connectome development, in which one or more feedback loops amplify small genetic, structural, or functional variations in the very early development of motor and sensory-motor pathways. These perturbations trigger a 'butterfly effect' of unpredictable cascades of structural and functional imbalances in the global neuronal workspace, resulting in atypical behaviors, social communication, and cognition long-term. The first 100 days post-term are critically neuroplastic and comprise an injury-sensitive developmental window, characterized by a neural biomarker, the persistence of the cortical subplate, and a behavioral biomarker, the crying diathesis. By the time potential diagnostic signs are identified, from 6 months of age, ASD neuropathy is already entrenched. The International Society for Autism Research Special Interest Group has called for pre-emptive intervention, based upon rigorous theoretical frames, and real world translation and evaluation. This paper responds to that call. It synthesizes heterogenous evidence concerning ASD etiologies from both psychosocial and biological research literatures with complexity science and evolutionary biology, to propose a theoretical framework for pre-emptive intervention. This paper hypothesizes that environmental factors resulting from a mismatch between environment of evolutionary adaptedness and culture initiate or perpetuate early motor and sensory-motor lesions, triggering a butterfly effect of multi-directional cascades of atypical developmental in the complex adaptive system of the parent and ASD-susceptible infant. Chronic sympathetic nervous system/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperarousal and disrupted parent-infant biobehavioral synchrony are the key biologic and behavioral mechanisms perpetuating these atypical developmental cascades. A clinical translation of this evidence is proposed, for application antenatally and in the first 6 months of life, as pre-emptive intervention for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Douglas
- Transforming Maternity Care Collaborative, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Discipline of General Practice, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Perry R, Leach V, Penfold C, Davies P. An overview of systematic reviews of complementary and alternative therapies for infantile colic. Syst Rev 2019; 8:271. [PMID: 31711532 PMCID: PMC6844054 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile colic is a distressing condition characterised by excessive crying in the first few months of life. The aim of this research was to update the synthesis of evidence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research literature on infantile colic and establish what evidence is currently available. METHODS Medline, Embase and AMED (via Ovid), Web of Science and Central via Cochrane library were searched from their inception to September 2018. Google Scholar and OpenGrey were searched for grey literature and PROSPERO for ongoing reviews. Published systematic reviews that included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of infants aged up to 1 year, diagnosed with infantile colic using standard diagnostic criteria, were eligible. Reviews of RCTs that assessed the effectiveness of any individual CAM therapy were included. Three reviewers were involved in data extraction and quality assessment using the AMSTAR-2 scale and risk of bias using the ROBIS tool. RESULTS Sixteen systematic reviews were identified. Probiotics, fennel extract and spinal manipulation show promise to alleviate symptoms of colic, although some concerns remain. Acupuncture and soy are currently not recommended. The majority of the reviews were assessed as having high or unclear risk of bias and low confidence in the findings. CONCLUSION There is clearly a need for larger and more methodologically sound RCTs to be conducted on the effectiveness of some CAM therapies for IC. Particular focus on probiotics in non-breastfed infants is pertinent. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42018092966.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Perry
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Nutrition Theme, 3rd Floor, Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE UK
| | - Verity Leach
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Penfold
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Nutrition Theme, 3rd Floor, Education & Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8AE UK
| | - Philippa Davies
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration (ARC), University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Wallingford JC. Perspective: Structure-Function Claims on Infant Formula. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:183-192. [PMID: 29767697 PMCID: PMC5952939 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of a food product label, the term "claim" refers to information that attributes value to the product. The term extends to many different types of information, from product identity, descriptors of intended use, and identification of characteristic properties to the physiologic effects in the body of substances in the food, including the reduction of risk of disease. Food labeling, which includes claims, provides information that consumers want and use to improve their diets. Consumers prefer short statements on the front label claims to longer, more detailed information, including ingredients statements and a nutrition panel. Three types of claims are permitted in the United States. Nutrient content claims describe the level of the nutrient in the food relative to an established daily value, e.g., "Excellent source of choline," and are subject to composition limits for other nutrients, such as total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Health claims describe the relation between a food substance and the risk of disease, e.g., "Adequate calcium and vitamin D throughout life, as part of a well-balanced diet, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis." They must undergo a premarket evaluation by the FDA to ensure that there is significant scientific agreement about the relation in question. The third type of claim, structure-function (SF) claims, has recently come under scrutiny, particularly regarding their use on infant formula. Such claims represent a food's effect on the structure or function of the body for maintenance of good health and nutrition. These claims must be truthful and not misleading, but are not subject to premarket approval before use. The purpose of this perspective is to describe the origins and unique niche of SF claims, and to comment on recent proposals to further regulate such claims on infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Wallingford
- Nutrispectives, LLC, Spokane, WA,Address correspondence to JCW (e-mail: )
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