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Smith JN, Ennis C, Lucas NT. Rigid, biconical hydrogen-bonded dimers that strongly encapsulate cationic guests in solution and the solid state. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11858-11863. [PMID: 34659726 PMCID: PMC8442710 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01802g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The octol of a new rigid, tetraarylene-bridged cavitand was investigated for self-assembly behaviour in solution. 1H and DOSY NMR spectroscopic experiments show that the cavitand readily dimerizes through an unusual seam of interdigitated hydrogen-bonds that is resistant to disruption by polar co-solvents. The well-defined cavity encapsulates small cationic guests, but not their neutral counterparts, restricting the conformation of sequestered tetraethylammonium in solution and the solid state. A robust, dimeric capsule forms quantitatively in low-polarity solvents via a seam of 8 hydrogen bonds. The resulting electron-rich cavity selectively binds small organic cations over neutral counterparts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago Union Place Dunedin New Zealand .,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
| | - Courtney Ennis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago Union Place Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago Union Place Dunedin New Zealand .,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
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2
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Cohen Y, Slovak S, Avram L. Solution NMR of synthetic cavity containing supramolecular systems: what have we learned on and from? Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8856-8884. [PMID: 34486595 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR has been instrumental in studies of both the structure and dynamics of molecular systems for decades, so it is not surprising that NMR has played a pivotal role in the study of host-guest complexes and supramolecular systems. In this mini-review, selected examples will be used to demonstrate the added value of using (multiparametric) NMR for studying macrocycle-based host-guest and supramolecular systems. We will restrict the discussion to synthetic host systems having a cavity that can engulf their guests thus restricting them into confined spaces. So discussion of selected examples of cavitands, cages, capsules and their complexes, aggregates and polymers as well as organic cages and porous liquids and other porous materials will be used to demonstrate the insights that have been gathered from the extracted NMR parameters when studying such systems emphasizing the information obtained from somewhat less routine NMR methods such as diffusion NMR, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and their variants. These selected examples demonstrate the impact that the results and findings from these NMR studies have had on our understanding of such systems and on the developments in various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 699781, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 699781, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Liat Avram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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3
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Kiesilä A, Moilanen JO, Kruve A, Schalley CA, Barran P, Kalenius E. Anion-driven encapsulation of cationic guests inside pyridine[4]arene dimers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2486-2492. [PMID: 31728162 PMCID: PMC6839556 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine[4]arenes have previously been considered as anion binding hosts due to the electron-poor nature of the pyridine ring. Herein, we demonstrate the encapsulation of Me4N+ cations inside a dimeric hydrogen-bonded pyridine[4]arene capsule, which contradicts with earlier assumptions. The complexation of a cationic guest inside the pyridine[4]arene dimer has been detected and studied by multiple gas-phase techniques, ESI-QTOF-MS, IRMPD, and DT-IMMS experiments, as well as DFT calculations. The comparison of classical resorcinarenes with pyridinearenes by MS and NMR experiments reveals clear differences in their host–guest chemistry and implies that cation encapsulation in pyridine[4]arene is an anion-driven process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Kiesilä
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jani O Moilanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anneli Kruve
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Perdita Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, UK
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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4
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Kiesilä A, Beyeh NK, Moilanen JO, Puttreddy R, Götz S, Rissanen K, Barran P, Lützen A, Kalenius E. Thermodynamically driven self-assembly of pyridinearene to hexameric capsules. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6980-6984. [PMID: 31276147 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyridinearene macrocycles have previously shown unique host-guest properties in their capsular dimers including endo complexation of neutral molecules and exo complexation of anions. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the formation of hydrogen bonded hexamer of tetraisobutyl-octahydroxypyridinearene in all three states of matter - gas phase, solution and solid-state. Cationic tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) template was found to stabilize the hexamer in gas phase, whereas solvent molecules do this in condensed phases. In solution, the capsular hexamer was found to be the thermodynamically favoured self-assembly product and transition from dimer to hexamer occurred in course of time. The crystal structure of hexamer revealed 24 N-HO direct intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the six pyridinearene macrocycles without any bridging solvent molecules. Hydrogen bond patterns correlate well with DFT computed structures. Thus, all structural chemistry methods (IM-MS, DOSY NMR, DFT, X-ray crystallography) support the same structure of the hexameric capsule that has a diameter of ca. 3 nm and volume of 1160 Å3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Kiesilä
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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5
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Cohen Y, Slovak S. Diffusion NMR for the characterization, in solution, of supramolecular systems based on calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and other macrocyclic arenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of diffusion NMR in studying calixarenes and other arene-based supramolecular systems is described, emphasizing the pivotal role played by the calixarene community in transforming the methods into a routine tool used in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry
- The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
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6
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Tashiro S, Umeki T, Kubota R, Shionoya M. Rational synthesis of benzimidazole[3]arenes by Cu II-catalyzed post-macrocyclization transformation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7614-7619. [PMID: 30393521 PMCID: PMC6187690 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of calix[n]arene analogues, benzimidazole[3]arenes, was rationally synthesized by CuII-catalyzed post-macrocyclization transformation of a tris(o-phenylenediamine) macrocycle, and fully characterized by NMR, MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses.
A new series of calix[n]arene analogues, benzimidazole[3]arenes, was rationally synthesized by CuII-catalyzed post-macrocyclization transformation of a tris(o-phenylenediamine) macrocycle, and fully characterized by NMR, MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The resulting syn- and anti-benzimidazole[3]arenes have a bowl-shaped and a warped structure, respectively, in their crystalline states, and both display a dynamic inversion behavior in solution. This modification resulted in strong fluorescence due to the generated benzimidazole moieties. The mechanistic study of the post-macrocyclization transformation demonstrated that the formation of both benzimidazole[3]arenes was catalyzed, via triimine intermediates, by CuII ions in air through oxidation and cyclization of the tris(o-phenylenediamine) macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Tsutomu Umeki
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
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Turunen L, Warzok U, Schalley CA, Rissanen K. Nano-sized I12L6 Molecular Capsules Based on the [N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N] Halogen Bond. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Kiesilä A, Kivijärvi L, Beyeh NK, Moilanen JO, Groessl M, Rothe T, Götz S, Topić F, Rissanen K, Lützen A, Kalenius E. Simultane endo
- und exo
-Komplexbildung von Pyridin[4]aren-Dimeren mit neutralen und anionischen Gästen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Kiesilä
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finnland
| | - Lauri Kivijärvi
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finnland
| | - Ngong Kodiah Beyeh
- Aalto University; School of Science; Department of Applied Physics; Puumiehenkuja 2 02150 Espoo Finnland
| | - Jani O. Moilanen
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finnland
| | | | - Tatiana Rothe
- Universität Bonn; Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Sven Götz
- Universität Bonn; Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Filip Topić
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finnland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finnland
| | - Arne Lützen
- Universität Bonn; Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finnland
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9
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Kiesilä A, Kivijärvi L, Beyeh NK, Moilanen JO, Groessl M, Rothe T, Götz S, Topić F, Rissanen K, Lützen A, Kalenius E. Simultaneous endo and exo Complex Formation of Pyridine[4]arene Dimers with Neutral and Anionic Guests. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10942-10946. [PMID: 28665506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The formation of complexes between hexafluorophosphate (PF6- ) and tetraisobutyloctahydroxypyridine[4]arene has been thoroughly studied in the gas phase (ESI-QTOF-MS, IM-MS, DFT calculations), in the solid state (X-ray crystallography), and in chloroform solution (1 H, 19 F, and DOSY NMR spectroscopy). In all states of matter, simultaneous endo complexation of solvent molecules and exo complexation of a PF6- anion within a pyridine[4]arene dimer was observed. While similar ternary complexes are often observed in the solid state, this is a unique example of such behavior in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Kiesilä
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauri Kivijärvi
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ngong Kodiah Beyeh
- Aalto University, School of Science, Department of Applied Physics, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jani O Moilanen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Tatiana Rothe
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Götz
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Filip Topić
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arne Lützen
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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10
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New phosphorus-containing calix[4]pyridine based on para -thiophosphorylated derivative of benzaldehyde. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Martínez-Rodríguez L, Otalora Garmilla J, Kleij AW. Cavitand-Based Polyphenols as Highly Reactive Organocatalysts for the Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Oxiranes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:749-755. [PMID: 26914250 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A variety of cavitand-based polyphenols was prepared from cheap and accessible aldehyde and resorcinol/pyrogallol reagents to give the respective resorcin[4]- or pyrogallol[4]arenes. The preorganization of the phenolic units allows intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bond (HB) networks that affect both the reactivity and stability of these HB-donor catalysts. Unexpectedly, we found that the resorcin[4]arenes show cooperative catalysis behavior compared to the parent resorcinol in the catalytic coupling of epoxides and CO2 with a significantly higher turnover. At elevated reaction temperatures, the resorcin[4]arene-based catalyst 3 d displays the best catalytic performance with very high turnover numbers and frequencies, combining increased reactivity and stability compared to pyrogallol, and an ample substrate scope. This type of polyphenol structure thus illustrates the importance of a new, highly competitive organocatalyst design to devise sustainable CO2 conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez-Rodríguez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Otalora Garmilla
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Knyazeva IR, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Sinyashin OG. Phosphorus-containing calix[4]resorcinols: Synthesis and properties. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1079199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina R. Knyazeva
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander R. Burilov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Michael A. Pudovik
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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Abstract
In the last decade diffusion NMR and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) have become important analytical tools for the characterization of supramolecular systems in solution. Diffusion NMR can be used to glean information on the (effective) size and shape of molecular species, as well as to probe inter-molecular interactions and can be used to estimate the association constant (Ka) of a complex. In addition, the diffusion coefficient, as obtained from diffusion NMR, is a much more intuitive parameter than the chemical shift for probing self-association, aggregation and inter-molecular interactions. The diffusion coefficient may be an even more important analytical parameter in systems in which the formed supramolecular entity has the same symmetry as its building units, when there is a large change in the molecular weight, where many molecular species are involved in the formation of the supramolecular systems, and when proton transfer may occur which, in turn, may affect the chemical shift. Some of the self-assembled molecular capsules and cages prepared in the last decade represent such supramolecular systems and in the present review, following a short introduction on diffusion NMR, we survey the contribution of diffusion NMR and DOSY in the field of molecular containers and capsules. We will first focus on the role played by diffusion NMR in the field of hydrogen bond driven self-assembled capsules. We then survey the contributions of diffusion NMR and DOSY to the study and characterization of metal-ligand cages and capsules. Finally, we describe a few recent applications of diffusion NMR in the field of hydrophobic, electrostatic and covalent containers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Avram
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Tiefenbacher K, Zhang KD, Ajami D, Rebek J. Robust hydrogen-bonded capsules with stability in competitive media. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Kang-da Zhang
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Dariush Ajami
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Julius Rebek
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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15
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Cholewa PP, Dalgarno SJ. Metal–organic calixarene capsules: the evolution of controlled assembly. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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AlHujran TA, Rahman S, Dawe LN, Georghiou PE. Synthesis and complexation of a ‘mixed’-pyridine-naphthalene homooxacalixarene. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.810336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayel A. AlHujran
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Louise Nicole Dawe
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Paris Elias Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X7
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Rozhenko AB, Schoeller WW, Letzel MC, Decker B, Mattay J. Anion–π interactions in adducts of anionic guests with octahydroxy-pyridine[4]arene: theoretical and experimental elucidation. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40670e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Pansuriya PB, Friedrich HB, Maguire GEM. 4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-Octa-O-methyl-2,8,14,20-tetra-pentylresorcin[4]arene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2565. [PMID: 22058735 PMCID: PMC3201257 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811034003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The complete molecule of the title compound, C(56)H(80)O(8), is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the unique half of the molecule is 81.52 (16)°. There are no π-π inter-actions in the crystal structure.
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20
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Schröder T, Sahu SN, Anselmetti D, Mattay J. Supramolecular Capsules Derived from Resorcin[4]arenes by H-Bonding and Metal Coordination: Synthesis, Characterization, and Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Avram L, Cohen Y, Rebek J. Recent advances in hydrogen-bonded hexameric encapsulation complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5368-75. [PMID: 21431233 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Basic research in the chemistry of hexameric resorcin[4]arenes and pyrogallol[4]arenes during the last decade is reviewed. Applications of NMR methods to determine solution structures, host guest properties and exchange dynamics are discussed. The scientific issue is the behavior of molecules in small spaces; the challenge is to translate this information to practical applications in, say, catalysis or transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Avram
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Maerz AK, Fowler DA, Mossine AV, Mistry M, Kumari H, Barnes CL, Deakyne CA, Atwood JL. Solvent mediated self-assembly of organic nanostructures. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wirtheim E, Avram L, Cohen Y. Thio-ether-footed resorcin[4]arenes: self-assembly in solution and interaction with gold nanoparticles as viewed by diffusion NMR. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Al-Saraierh H, Dawe LN, Georghiou PE. Synthesis and properties of a mixed thiophene-octahomotetraoxacalixarene. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cohen Y, Evan-Salem T, Avram L. Hydrogen-Bonded Hexameric Capsules of Resorcin[4]arene, Pyrogallol[4]arene and Octahydroxypyridine[4]arene are Abundant Structures in Organic Solvents: A View from Diffusion NMR. Supramol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701742793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Cohen
- a The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University , Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - T. Evan-Salem
- a The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University , Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - L. Avram
- a The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University , Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Evan-Salem T, Cohen Y. Octahydroxypyridine[4]arene Self-Assembles Spontaneously To Form Hexameric Capsules and Dimeric Aggregates. Chemistry 2007; 13:7659-63. [PMID: 17623281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years it has been observed that resorcin[4]arenes and pyrogallol[4]arenes form hydrogen-bonded hexameric capsules in nonpolar solvents. In the present study we have used NMR spectroscopy, with an emphasis on diffusion NMR, to investigate the self-assembly and the aggregation mode of solutions of octahydroxypyridine[4]arene (1 b) in chloroform. In spectroscopic studies, the hexameric capsule of C-undecylresorcin[4]arene (2 b) was used as a reference compound and in some cases also as an internal reference. The current diffusion NMR spectroscopy study shows, in contrast to a previous report, that compound 1 b self-assembles spontaneously into hexameric and dimeric aggregates in solutions in chloroform. The (1)H NMR and diffusion NMR spectroscopic studies on a solution of 1 b in CHCl(3) show the presence of new upfield-shifted peaks, which diffuse with the same diffusion coefficient as the hexameric peaks in the spectrum. Therefore, these new upfield-shifted peaks were attributed to encapsulated CHCl(3) molecules. Interestingly, diffusion NMR measurements showed that the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (6.7 equiv), which had no effect on the hexameric capsules of 2 b, led to the disassembly of the hexamer and the dimer of 1 b into its monomers. Therefore, we conclude that compound 1 b self-assembles spontaneously into hexameric capsules in nonpolar organic solvents, as do resorcin[4]arenes 2 b and 2 c and pyrogallol[4]arenes 3 a and 3 b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Evan-Salem
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Burilov AR, Knyazeva IR, Pudovik MA, Syakaev VV, Latypov SK, Baier I, Habicher WD, Konovalov AI. New phosphorus-containing analog of calix[4]resorcinarene based on 2,6-dihydroxypyridine. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim B, Balasubramanian R, Pérez-Segarra W, Wei A, Decker B, Mattay J. Self-assembly of Resorcinarene-stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Influence of the Macrocyclic Headgroup. Supramol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270412331328961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Wei
- a Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Björn Decker
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Bielefeld , 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Bielefeld , 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Maksimov AL, Sakharov DA, Filippova TY, Zhuchkova AY, Karakhanov EA. Supramolecular Catalysts on the Basis of Molecules−Receptors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0502436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar S, Paul D, Singh H. Syntheses, Structures and Interactions of Heterocalixarenes. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(05)89002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Letzel MC, Decker B, Rozhenko AB, Schoeller WW, Mattay J. Encapsulated Guest Molecules in the Dimer of Octahydroxypyridine[4]arene. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:9669-74. [PMID: 15291570 DOI: 10.1021/ja049128x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently a new type of calix[4]arenes has been synthesized via condensation of 2,6-dihydroxypyridine and a number of aldehydes. This type of pyridine[4]arenes forms capsules consisting of two single pyridine[4]arenes. These capsules can incorporate different guest molecules, like carboxylic acids and amides in this case. We proved that the guest acids really are incorporated inside the cavity of the capsules by electrospray mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Letzel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Witte T, Decker B, Mattay J, Huber K. Formation of Branched Calixarene AggregatesA Time-Resolved Static Light Scattering Study. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:9276-82. [PMID: 15281818 DOI: 10.1021/ja0493291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of a calix[4]arene and a naphthyridine derivative dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene form thermoreversible aggregates. The aggregation process was followed by means of time-resolved multiangle light scattering at two different mixing ratios, 1:3 and 1:4, yielding a detailed record of the relative mass, the radius of gyration, and the particle scattering function of the growing aggregates. On the basis of these data, a conclusive model of the structure is presented for the developing aggregates: monomers aggregate to wormlike filaments which form branching points. Formation of branching points proceeds in a frequency and distribution which is similar to the polycondensation of ABC monomers toward non-randomly branched macromolecules (Burchard, W. Macromolecules 1977, 10, 919-927). Thus, aggregation results in hyperbranched-like particles with striking analogies to the polymerization of glucose to amylopectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Witte
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Department Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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Barba V, Höpfl H, Farfán N, Santillan R, Beltran HI, Zamudio-Rivera LS. Boron–nitrogen macrocycles: a new generation of calix[3]arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:2834-5. [PMID: 15599430 DOI: 10.1039/b410148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The simple condensation reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylaldehyde and 3-aminophenylboronic acid leads to a trimeric macrocyclic compound. The ability of this molecule to include small organic molecules was in a first approximation analyzed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Barba
- Centro de Investigaciones Quimicas, UAEM, Av. Univ. 1001, C. P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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Miyazaki Y, Kanbara T, Yamamoto T. Preparation of new type of azacalixarene, azacalix[n](2,6)pyridine. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Letzel MC, Agena C, Mattay J. Investigation of homo- and heterodimer alkali metal cation complexes of resorc[4]arenes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:63-68. [PMID: 11813312 DOI: 10.1002/jms.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Resorc[4]arenes are compounds with interesting properties, mainly because of their ability to form host-guest complexes with the guest located inside the cavity. The size of the guest limits the complexation, as shown by a competition experiment with tetraalkylammonium ions of different size. By electroscopy ionization tandem mass spectrometric experiments on resorc[4]arene heterodimers bearing an alkali metal ion as guest, it was found that there must be two different binding mechanisms for alkali metal ions with high surface charge density (Li(+) and Na(+)) on the one hand compared with those with a lower surface charge density on the other hand (K(+), Rb(+), Cs(+)).
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