1
|
Xia RZ, Cai X, Liang B, Dai HH, Liu YZ, Yang M, Chen SH, Li PH, Huang XJ. Bimodal interferences of Pb(II) induced by parallel deposition in Pb(II)-Cu(II) electrochemical detections: Voltammetric signals analysis combined with numerical simulations on transient interfacial phenomena. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132104. [PMID: 37490798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The perplexity of double peaks in Pb(II) detections has been a threat to the reliability of Pb(II) electroanalysis results for a long term. For the complexity of electrode interfaces, rare studies were taken on mechanisms of Pb(II) double peaks through interfacial kinetics. In this work, analyses on experimental signals and interfacial simulations were working together to reveal that the generation of Pb(II) double peaks in Pb(II)-Cu(II) systems is the deposition of Pb(II) on Cu deposits occurring in parallel. By applying anode stripping voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry, a parallel deposition reaction was found to influence the shape of Pb(II) peaks, and the existence of the second peak was controlled through the adjustment of experimental conditions. A kinetic model was built to reveal the interference of electroanalysis signals caused by a parallel deposition reaction and simulations based on the model were combined with experiments to illustrate that double peaks of Pb(II) were caused by the parallel deposition on Cu(II) deposits. This work proposes another insight of Pb(II) double peaks from macroscale kinetics and pays more attention on the dynamic procedure of electroanalysis interfaces, which makes the study on environmental electroanalysis interface phenomena more clear and is enlightening to develop efficient electrical methods for pollutant monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ze Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hai-Hua Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Shi-Hua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morris A, Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz JM, Bendavid A, Chen M, Vepsäläinen M. Vibrating boron-doped diamond electrode: A new, durable and highly sensitive tool for the detection of cadmium. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1188:339166. [PMID: 34794577 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a vibrating boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode electroanalytical device and respective method for the analysis of ultralow concentrations of Cd(II) in water were studied. The enhanced mass transfer on the electrode surface was studied using Ru(NH3)6Cl3. Vibration with 133 Hz frequency enhanced the Ru(III) to Ru(II) reduction by 92.6% compared to a static electrode. The peak current of the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method employed was increased by a factor of 5.3 and 4.7 for 10 and 30 μg L-1 Cd(II) concentrations, respectively, when a frequency of 200 Hz was used. A calibration plot with two linear regions was resolved between 0.01 and 1 μg L-1 and 1-30 μg L-1 with the LOD and LOQ of 0.04 μg L-1 and 0.12 μg L-1, respectively. The applicability of the device and the respective method in the analysis of real environmental samples was successfully verified by analysis of river samples and comparing the results with the ICP analysis presenting high reproducibility and trueness. According to the results of this research, the vibrating BDD electrode with the ASV method has excellent analytical performance without surface modification or regular replacement or polishing of the electrode surface. Combining the exceptional electrochemical and chemical properties of BDD with enhanced mass transfer and signal strength of vibrating electrodes makes the system especially suitable for on-site and online analysis of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Morris
- CSIRO, Mineral Resources, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia
| | - Núria Serrano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Díaz-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avi Bendavid
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, New South Wales, 2070, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW, Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Miao Chen
- CSIRO, Mineral Resources, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia
| | - Mikko Vepsäläinen
- CSIRO, Mineral Resources, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, VTT, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Kumar AKS, Compton RG. Optimising Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry: Strategies and Limitations. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Archana Kaliyaraj Selva Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pei Y, McLeod JF, Payne SJ, She Z. A Comparative Study of Electroanalytical Methods for Detecting Manganese in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-020-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
5
|
Bogdanowicz R, Ficek M, Malinowska N, Gupta S, Meek R, Niedziałkowski P, Rycewicz M, Sawczak M, Ryl J, Ossowski T. Electrochemical performance of thin free-standing boron-doped diamond nanosheet electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
6
|
Christidi S, Chrysostomou A, Economou A, Kokkinos C, Fielden PR, Baldock SJ, Goddard NJ. Disposable Injection Molded Conductive Electrodes Modified with Antimony Film for the Electrochemical Determination of Trace Pb(II) and Cd(II). SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:s19214809. [PMID: 31694252 PMCID: PMC6865015 DOI: 10.3390/s19214809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a novel electrochemical sensor fabricated by an injection molding process. This device features a conductive polymer electrode encased in a plastic holder and electroplated in situ with a thin antimony film. The antimony film sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The deposition of Sb on the sensor was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and microscopy. The experimental variables (concentration of the antimony plating solution, deposition potential and time, stripping waveform) were investigated, and the potential interferences were studied and addressed. The limits of detection were 0.95 μg L-1 for Pb(II) and 1.3 for Cd(II) (at 240 s of preconcentration) and the within-sensor percentage relative standard deviations were 4.2% and 4.9%, respectively, at the 25 μg L-1 level (n = 8). Finally, the sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in a phosphorite sample and a lake water sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savvina Christidi
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexia Chrysostomou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kokkinos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Peter R. Fielden
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Sara J. Baldock
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maldonado VY, Espinoza-Montero PJ, Rusinek CA, Swain GM. Analysis of Ag(I) Biocide in Water Samples Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Boron-Doped Diamond Disk Electrode. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6477-6485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Y. Maldonado
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Quito 170525, Ecuador
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de octubre y Roca,
P.O. Box 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cory A. Rusinek
- Fraunhofer Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Greg M. Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahour F, Taheri M. Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of copper (II) ions at a graphene quantum dot-modified pencil graphite electrode. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Muralikrishna S, Nagaraju DH, Balakrishna RG, Surareungchai W, Ramakrishnappa T, Shivanandareddy AB. Hydrogels of polyaniline with graphene oxide for highly sensitive electrochemical determination of lead ions. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 990:67-77. [PMID: 29029744 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers with graphene/graphene oxide hydrogels represent a unique class of electrode materials for sensors and energy storage applications. In this article, we report a facile in situ method for the polymerisation of aniline resulting in the decoration of 1D conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers onto the surface of 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets followed by hydrogel formation at elevated temperature. The synthesized nanomaterial exhibits significant properties for the highly sensitive electrochemical determination as well as removal of environmentally harmful lead (Pb2+) ions. The square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) determination of Pb2+ ions showed good electroanalytical performance with two linear ranges in 0.2-250 nM (correlation coefficient = 0.996) and 250-3500 nM (correlation coefficient = 0.998). The developed protocol has shown a limit of detection (LOD) of about 0.04 nM, which is much lower than that of the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold limits. The prepared electrode showed an average of ∼99.4% removal of Pb2+ ions with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.4%. Selectivity of the electrode towards Pb2+ ions were tested in presence of potential interferences such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ of similar and higher concentrations. The sensor showed good repeatability and reproducibility. The developed protocol was used to analyse samples from industrial effluents and natural water samples. The results obtained were correlated with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muralikrishna
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India; Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Road, Thakam, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India.
| | - R Geetha Balakrishna
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Road, Thakam, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; School of Bioresources and Technology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Graduate Programme, and Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Road, Thakam, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - T Ramakrishnappa
- Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology and Management, Udayapura, Opp Art of Living, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore 560082, India
| | - Avinash B Shivanandareddy
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivnagar, Bangalore 560080, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kokkinos C, Economou A, Goddard NG, Fielden PR, Baldock SJ. Determination of Pb(II) by sequential injection/stripping analysis at all-plastic electrochemical fluidic cells with integrated composite electrodes. Talanta 2016; 153:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Electrochemical detection of cupric ions with boron-doped diamond electrode for marine corrosion monitoring. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Sensitive and selective stripping voltammetric determination of copper(II) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with amino-reduced graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
Pathirathna P, Samaranayake S, Atcherley CW, Parent KL, Heien ML, McElmurry SP, Hashemi P. Fast voltammetry of metals at carbon-fiber microelectrodes: copper adsorption onto activated carbon aids rapid electrochemical analysis. Analyst 2015; 139:4673-80. [PMID: 25051455 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, in situ trace metal analysis is essential for understanding many biological and environmental processes. For example, trace metals are thought to act as chemical messengers in the brain. In the environment, some of the most damaging pollution occurs when metals are rapidly mobilized and transported during hydrologic events (storms). Electrochemistry is attractive for in situ analysis, primarily because electrodes are compact, cheap and portable. Electrochemical techniques, however, do not traditionally report trace metals in real-time. In this work, we investigated the fundamental mechanisms of a novel method, based on fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), that reports trace metals with sub-second temporal resolution at carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMs). Electrochemical methods and geochemical models were employed to find that activated CFMs rapidly adsorb copper, a phenomenon that greatly advances the temporal capabilities of electrochemistry. We established the thermodynamics of surface copper adsorption and the electrochemical nature of copper deposition onto CFMs and hence identified a unique adsorption-controlled electrochemical mechanism for ultra-fast trace metal analysis. This knowledge can be exploited in the future to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of CFMs for fast voltammetry of trace metals in a variety of biological and environmental models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Pathirathna
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
March G, Nguyen TD, Piro B. Modified electrodes used for electrochemical detection of metal ions in environmental analysis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2015; 5:241-75. [PMID: 25938789 PMCID: PMC4493548 DOI: 10.3390/bios5020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, and regulations are becoming stricter. Many efforts have been made to develop sensors for monitoring heavy metals in the environment. This review aims at presenting the different label-free strategies used to develop electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic etc. The first part of this review will be dedicated to stripping voltammetry techniques, on unmodified electrodes (mercury, bismuth or noble metals in the bulk form), or electrodes modified at their surface by nanoparticles, nanostructures (CNT, graphene) or other innovative materials such as boron-doped diamond. The second part will be dedicated to chemically modified electrodes especially those with conducting polymers. The last part of this review will focus on bio-modified electrodes. Special attention will be paid to strategies using biomolecules (DNA, peptide or proteins), enzymes or whole cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuan Dung Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Benoit Piro
- Chemistry Department, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
O'Neil GD, Newton ME, Macpherson JV. Direct identification and analysis of heavy metals in solution (Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni) by use of in situ electrochemical X-ray fluorescence. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4933-40. [PMID: 25860820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of a new methodology, in situ electrochemical X-ray fluorescence (EC-XRF), is described that enables direct identification and quantification of heavy metals in solution. A freestanding film of boron-doped diamond serves as both an X-ray window and the electrode material. The electrode is biased at a suitable driving potential to electroplate metals from solution onto the electrode surface. Simultaneously, X-rays that pass through the back side of the electrode interrogate the time-dependent electrodeposition process by virtue of the XRF signals, which are unique to each metal. In this way it is possible to unambiguously identify which metals are in solution and relate the XRF signal intensity to a concentration of metal species in solution. To increase detection sensitivity and reduce detection times, solution is flown over the electrode surface by use of a wall-jet configuration. Initial studies focused on the in situ detection of Pb(2+), where concentration detection limits of 99 nM were established in this proof-of-concept study (although significantly lower values are anticipated with system refinement). This is more than 3 orders of magnitude lower than that achievable by XRF alone in a flowing solution (0.68 mM). In situ EC-XRF measurements were also carried out on a multimetal solution containing Hg(2+), Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), and Fe(3+) (all at 10 μM concentration). Identification of five of these metals was possible in one simple measurement. In contrast, while anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) also revealed five peaks, peak identification was not straightforward, requiring further experiments and prior knowledge of the metals in solution. Time-dependent EC-XRF nucleation data for the five metals, recorded simultaneously, demonstrated similar deposition rates. Studies are now underway to lower detection limits and provide a quantitative understanding of EC-XRF responses in real, multimetal solutions. Finally, the production of custom-designed portable in situ EC-XRF instrumentation will make heavy metal analysis at the source a very realistic possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen D O'Neil
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Newton
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Julie V Macpherson
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ivandini TA, Wicaksono WP, Saepudin E, Rismetov B, Einaga Y. Anodic stripping voltammetry of gold nanoparticles at boron-doped diamond electrodes and its application in immunochromatographic strip tests. Talanta 2015; 134:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Seck SM, Charvet S, Fall M, Baudrin E, Geneste F, Lejeune M, Benlahsen M. Functionalization of amorphous nitrogenated carbon thin film electrodes for improved detection of cadmium vs. copper cations. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Hutton LA, O’Neil GD, Read TL, Ayres ZJ, Newton ME, Macpherson JV. Electrochemical X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Trace Heavy Metal Analysis: Enhancing X-ray Fluorescence Detection Capabilities by Four Orders of Magnitude. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4566-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Hutton
- Element Six Ltd., Element Six Global Innovations Centre, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QR, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roushani M, Sarabaegi M. Electrochemical detection of butylated hydroxyanisole based on glassy carbon electrode modified by iridium oxide nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Gan P, Compton RG, Foord JS. The Voltammetry and Electroanalysis of Some Estrogenic Compounds at Modified Diamond Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
22
|
Hutton LA, Iacobini JG, Bitziou E, Channon RB, Newton ME, Macpherson JV. Examination of the Factors Affecting the Electrochemical Performance of Oxygen-Terminated Polycrystalline Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7230-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401042t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Hutton
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - James G. Iacobini
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Bitziou
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B. Channon
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Newton
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Julie V. Macpherson
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang Y, Pathirathna P, Siriwardhane T, McElmurry SP, Hashemi P. Real-Time Subsecond Voltammetric Analysis of Pb in Aqueous Environmental Samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7535-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Pavithra Pathirathna
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Thushani Siriwardhane
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shawn P. McElmurry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United
States
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Doménech A, Doménech-Carbó MT, Pasies T, del Carmen Bouzas M. Modeling Corrosion of Archaeological Silver-Copper Coins Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
25
|
Seck SM, Charvet S, Fall M, Baudrin E, Lejeune M, Benlahsen M. Detection of Cadmium and Copper Cations Using Amorphous Nitrogenated Carbon Thin Film Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Le TS, Da Costa P, Huguet P, Sistat P, Pichot F, Silva F, Renaud L, Cretin M. Upstream microelectrodialysis for heavy metals detection on boron doped diamond. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
27
|
Doménech A, Doménech-Carbó MT, Pasies T, Bouzas MC. Application of Modified Tafel Analysis to the Identification of Corrosion Products on Archaeological Metals Using Voltammetry of Microparticles. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
28
|
Potentiometric stripping analysis of bismuth based on carbon paste electrode modified with cryptand [2.2.1] and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Yoon JH, Yang JE, Kim JP, Bae JS, Shim YB, Won MS. Simultaneous Detection of Cd (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II) Ions in Dye Waste Water Using a Boron Doped Diamond Electrode with DPASV. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Khun N, Liu E. Linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry of heavy metals from nitrogen doped tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
32
|
Rassaei L, Sillanpää M, Edler K, Marken F. Electrochemically Active Mercury Nanodroplets Trapped in a Carbon Nanoparticle-Chitosan Matrix. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
33
|
Luong JHT, Male KB, Glennon JD. Boron-doped diamond electrode: synthesis, characterization, functionalization and analytical applications. Analyst 2009; 134:1965-79. [DOI: 10.1039/b910206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Toghill K, Wildgoose G, Moshar A, Mulcahy C, Compton R. The Fabrication and Characterization of a Bismuth Nanoparticle Modified Boron Doped Diamond Electrode and Its Application to the Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium(II) And Lead(II). ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
35
|
Yamada D, Ivandini TA, Komatsu M, Fujishima A, Einaga Y. Anodic stripping voltammetry of inorganic species of As3+ and As5+ at gold-modified boron doped diamond electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
El Tall O, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Sigaud M, Vittori O. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Heavy Metals at Nanocrystalline Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
37
|
Zheng H, Dong H, Yan Z, Wen L, Zhang S, Ye B. Determination of Copper at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Langmuir–Blodgett Film ofp-tert-Butylthiacalix[4]arene. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
Ivandini TA, Sato R, Makide Y, Fujishima A, Einaga Y. Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic(III) Using Iridium-Implanted Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes. Anal Chem 2006; 78:6291-8. [PMID: 16970300 DOI: 10.1021/ac0519514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iridium-modified, boron-doped diamond electrodes fabricated by an ion implantation method have been developed for electrochemical detection of arsenite (As(III)). Ir+ ions were implanted with an energy of 800 keV and a dose of 10(15) ion cm(-2). An annealing treatment at 850 degrees C for 45 min in H2 plasma (80 Torr) was required to rearrange metastable diamond produced by an implantation process. Characterization was investigated by SEM, AFM, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection were used to study the electrochemical reaction. The electrodes exhibited high catalytic activity toward As(III) oxidation with the detection limit (S/N = 3), sensitivity, and linearity of 20 nM (1.5 ppb), 93 nA microM(-1) cm(-2), and 0.999, respectively. The precision for 10 replicate determinations of 50 microM As(III) was 4.56% relative standard deviation. The advantageous properties of the electrodes were its inherent stability with a very low background current. The electrode was applicable for analysis of spiked arsenic in tap water containing a significant amount of various ion elements. The results indicate that the metal-implanted method could be promising for controlling the electrochemical properties of diamond electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tribidasari A Ivandini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 112-0031, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Detection of trace levels of Pb2+ in tap water at boron-doped diamond electrodes with anodic stripping voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Batchelor-McAuley C, Banks CE, Simm AO, Jones TGJ, Compton RG. The electroanalytical detection of hydrazine: A comparison of the use of palladium nanoparticles supported on boron-doped diamond and palladium plated BDD microdisc array. Analyst 2006; 131:106-10. [PMID: 16365670 DOI: 10.1039/b513751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that both a random distribution of palladium nanoparticles supported on a BDD electrode or a palladium plated BDD microelectrode array can each provide a sensing platform for the electrocatalytic detection of hydrazine. The palladium nanoparticle modified electrode displays a sensitivity and limit of detection of 60 mA mol(-1) L and 2.6 microM respectively while the array has a sensitivity of 8 mA mol(-1) L with a detection limit of 1.8 microM. The beneficial cost implications of using palladium nano- or micro-particles in sensors compared to a palladium macroelectrode are evident. Interestingly the array of the nanoparticles shows similar sensitivity and limit of detection to the microelectrode array which probably indicates that the random distribution of the former leads to 'clumps' of nanoparticles that effectively act as microelectrodes.
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu Q, Liu NN, Zhu JJ. Lead Determination on MWNT/Nafion Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes. CHINESE J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200591510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
S. Foord J, Hao W, Eaton K. Detection of heavy metals in multianalyte solutions using diamond electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200561907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
43
|
Electrodes of synthetic diamond: The effects of Ti substrate pretreatment on the electrode properties. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11175-005-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
44
|
Manivannan A, Ramakrishnan L, Seehra M, Granite E, Butler J, Tryk D, Fujishima A. Mercury detection at boron doped diamond electrodes using a rotating disk technique. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
45
|
Foord JS, Eaton K, Hao W, Crossley A. Interaction between co-deposited metals during stripping voltammetry at boron-doped diamond electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2787-92. [PMID: 16189594 DOI: 10.1039/b506311f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical processes, which underlie the use of conductive diamond electrodes for the simultaneous detection of two or more metal ions in solution by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), have been investigated. The model analyte system studied contains the two metal species, Ag+(aq) and Pb2+(aq), and the experimental techniques employed include cyclic and square wave voltammetries, along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary electron microscopy. Although the bulk metallic forms of Ag and Pb are immiscible, several interactions in the system between the two metal species present are observed, which significantly influence the electrodeposition and electrodissolution processes which underlie ASV. The subsequent nucleation and growth of a given metal on the electrode surface is enhanced by the presence of the second metal on the surface. The encapsulation of one metal by the other, within the metal particulates that form on the electrode surface, significantly reduces the stripping yield at the potentials characteristic of the individual metals. The stripping potentials are also influenced by bonding interactions between deposited Ag and Pb, which broaden the characteristic stripping peaks in cyclic voltammetry, as well as producing underpotential deposition and stripping. Given these interactions, the extent to which ASV at diamond electrodes can be used to determine the solution concentrations of Ag+(aq) and Pb2+(aq) is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Foord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shin D, Tryk D, Fujishima A, Merkoçi A, Wang J. Resistance to Surfactant and Protein Fouling Effects at Conducting Diamond Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
47
|
Sonthalia P, McGaw E, Show Y, Swain GM. Metal ion analysis in contaminated water samples using anodic stripping voltammetry and a nanocrystalline diamond thin-film electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
48
|
Interaction of Pb and Cd during anodic stripping voltammetric analysis at boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
49
|
Raluca-Ioana Stefan, Semere Ghebru Bairu. Diamond paste based electrodes for the determination of Pb(II) at trace concentration levels. Talanta 2004; 63:605-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2003] [Revised: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
50
|
Voltammetric behaviour at gold electrodes immersed in the BCR sequential extraction scheme media. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|