1
|
Zhao YH, Xia RZ, Liang B, Gao ZW, Song ZY, Yang M, Chen SH, Li PH, Xiao X, Huang XJ. Highly Accurate Determination of the Total Amount of Pb 2+ and Pb(OH) + in a Natural Water Environment Revealed by Dynamic Simulation and DFT Calculation: Benefit from the Electron Inverse Effect of Pt Nanoclusters over Defective g-C 3N 4. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5232-5241. [PMID: 38447030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Although utilizing nanomaterial-modified electrodes for lead ion detection has achieved great success, most of them are carried out under acidic conditions and ignore the variation of Pb(II) speciation at different pH conditions, leading to the potential inaccuracy of Pb(II) detection in a neutral natural water environment. Thus, designing a novel catalyst with high accuracy for the detection of various forms of the total amount of Pb(II) (Pb2+ and Pb(OH)+) in neutral waters is significant. Herein, Pt nanoclusters (Pt NCs) were elaborately constructed and stabilized on the Co single-atom-doped g-C3N4 with abundant N vacancies (Pt NCs/VN-C3N4), which achieved the ultrasensitive detection (102.16 μM μA-1) of Pb(II) in neutral conditions. The dynamic simulation and theoretical calculations reveal that the parallel deposition of Pb2+ and Pb(OH)+ occurs on the electrode surface modified by Pt NCs/VN-C3N4, and the current peaks of Pb(II) are cocontributed by Pb2+ and Pb(OH)+ species. An "electron inverse" phenomenon in Pt NCs/VN-C3N4 from the VN-C3N4 substrate to Pt NCs endows Pt NCs in an electron-rich state, serving as active centers to promote rapid and efficient reduction for both Pb2+ and Pb(OH)+, facilitating the accurate detection of the total amount of Pb(II) in all forms in the actual water environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Huan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Institute of Environmental Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Ze Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Yin Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Environmental Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Institute of Environmental Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai HH, Cai X, Liu ZH, Xia RZ, Zhao YH, Liu YZ, Yang M, Li PH, Huang XJ. Ion-Electron Transduction Layer of the SnS 2-MoS 2 Heterojunction to Elevate Superior Interface Stability for All-Solid Sodium-Ion Selective Electrode. ACS Sens 2024; 9:415-423. [PMID: 38154098 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and fast ion response of all-solid sodium ion selective electrodes were widely applied in human sweat analysis. However, the potential drift due to insufficient interfacial capacitance leads to the deterioration of its stability and ultimately affects the potential accuracy of ion analysis. Designing a novel ion-electron transduction layer between the electrode and the ion selective membrane is an effective method to stabilize the interfacial potential. Herein, the SnS2-MoS2 heterojunction material was constructed by doping Sn in MoS2 nanosheets and used as the ion electron transduction layers of an all-solid sodium ion selective electrode for the first time, achieving the stable and efficient detection of Na+ ions. The proposed electrode exhibited a Nernst slope of 57.86 mV/dec for the detection of Na+ ions with a detection limit of 10-5.7 M in the activity range of 10-6-10-1 M. Via the electronic interaction at the heterojunction interfaces between SnS2 and MoS2 materials, the micro-nanostructure of the SnS2-MoS2 heterojunction was changed and SnS2-MoS2 as the ion-electron transduction layer acquired excellent capacitance (699 μF) and hydrophobicity (132°), resulting in a long-term potential stability of 1.37 μV/h. It was further proved that the large capacitance and high hydrophobicity of the ion-electron transduction layer are primary reasons for the excellent stability of the all-solid sodium ion selective electrode toward Na+ ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui-Ze Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang B, Xiao XY, Song ZY, Li YY, Cai X, Xia RZ, Chen SH, Yang M, Li PH, Lin CH, Huang XJ. Revealing the solid-solution interface interference behaviors between Cu 2+ and As(III) via partial peak area analysis of simulations and experiments. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1277:341676. [PMID: 37604614 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The mutual interference in the sensing detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs) is considerably serious and complex. Besides, the co-existed ions may change the stripping peak intensity, shape and position of the target ion, which partly makes peak current analysis inaccurate. Herein, a promising approach of partial peak area analysis was proposed firstly to research the mutual interference. The interference between two species on their electrodeposition processes was investigated by simulating different kinetics parameters, including surface coverage, electro-adsorption, -desorption rate constant, etc. It was proved that the partial peak area is sensitive and regular to these interference kinetics parameters, which is favorable for distinctly identifying different interferences. Moreover, the applicability of the partial peak area analysis was verified on the experiments of Cu2+, As(III) interference at four sensing interfaces: glassy carbon electrode, gold electrode, Co3O4, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles modified electrodes. The interference behaviors between Cu2+ and As(III) relying on solid-solution interfaces were revealed and confirmed by physicochemical characterizations and kinetics simulations. This work proposes a new descriptor (partial peak area) to recognize the interference mechanism and provides a meaningful guidance for accurate detection of HMIs in actual water environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Zong-Yin Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yong-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Rui-Ze Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Shi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
| | - Chu-Hong Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia RZ, Cai X, Liang B, Dai HH, Liu YZ, Yang M, Chen SH, Li PH, Huang XJ. Bimodal interferences of Pb(II) induced by parallel deposition in Pb(II)-Cu(II) electrochemical detections: Voltammetric signals analysis combined with numerical simulations on transient interfacial phenomena. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132104. [PMID: 37490798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The perplexity of double peaks in Pb(II) detections has been a threat to the reliability of Pb(II) electroanalysis results for a long term. For the complexity of electrode interfaces, rare studies were taken on mechanisms of Pb(II) double peaks through interfacial kinetics. In this work, analyses on experimental signals and interfacial simulations were working together to reveal that the generation of Pb(II) double peaks in Pb(II)-Cu(II) systems is the deposition of Pb(II) on Cu deposits occurring in parallel. By applying anode stripping voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry, a parallel deposition reaction was found to influence the shape of Pb(II) peaks, and the existence of the second peak was controlled through the adjustment of experimental conditions. A kinetic model was built to reveal the interference of electroanalysis signals caused by a parallel deposition reaction and simulations based on the model were combined with experiments to illustrate that double peaks of Pb(II) were caused by the parallel deposition on Cu(II) deposits. This work proposes another insight of Pb(II) double peaks from macroscale kinetics and pays more attention on the dynamic procedure of electroanalysis interfaces, which makes the study on environmental electroanalysis interface phenomena more clear and is enlightening to develop efficient electrical methods for pollutant monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ze Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hai-Hua Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Shi-Hua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, And Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai X, Xia RZ, Ye JJ, Huang CC, Yang YF, Zhang LK, Liang B, Yang M, Lin CH, Li PH, Huang XJ. Practical Strategy for Arsenic(III) Electroanalysis without Modifier in Natural Water: Triggered by Iron Group Ions in Solution. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4104-4112. [PMID: 36688529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in nanomaterial-modified electrodes for highly efficient electroanalysis of arsenic(III) (As(III)). However, the modifiers prepared using some physical methods may easily fall off, and active sites are not uniform, causing the potential instability of the modified electrode. This work first reports a promising practical strategy without any modifiers via utilizing only soluble Fe3+ as a trigger to detect trace-level As(III) in natural water. This method reaches an actual detection limit of 1 ppb on bare glassy carbon electrodes and a sensitivity of 0.296 μA ppb-1 with excellent stability. Kinetic simulations and experimental evidence confirm the codeposition mechanism that Fe3+ is preferentially deposited as Fe0, which are active sites to adsorb As(III) and H+ on the electrode surface. This facilitates the formation of AsH3, which could further react with Fe2+ to produce more As0 and Fe0. Meanwhile, the produced Fe0 can also accelerate the efficient enrichment of As0. Remarkably, the proposed sensing mechanism is a general rule for the electroanalysis of As(III) that is triggered by iron group ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, and Ni2+). The interference analysis of coexisting ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, and F-) indicates that only Cu2+, Pb2+, and F- showed inhibitory effects on As(III) due to the competition of active sites. Surprisingly, adding iron power effectively eliminates the interference of Cu2+ in natural water, achieving a higher sensitivity for 1-15 ppb As(III) (0.487 μA ppb-1). This study provides effective solutions to overcome the potential instability of modified electrodes and offers a practical sensing platform for analyzing other heavy-metal anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Rui-Ze Xia
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Jia-Jia Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Cong-Cong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Yuan-Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Long-Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Chu-Hong Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637459, Singapore
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| |
Collapse
|