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Mihai A, Lee SY, Shinton S, Parker MI, Contreras AV, Zhang B, Rhodes M, Dunbrack RL, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Ciofani M, Zhuang Y, Wiest DL. E proteins control the development of NKγδT cells through their invariant T cell receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5078. [PMID: 38871720 PMCID: PMC11176164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling regulates important developmental transitions, partly through induction of the E protein antagonist, Id3. Although normal γδ T cell development depends on Id3, Id3 deficiency produces different phenotypes in distinct γδ T cell subsets. Here, we show that Id3 deficiency impairs development of the Vγ3+ subset, while markedly enhancing development of NKγδT cells expressing the invariant Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR. These effects result from Id3 regulating both the generation of the Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR and its capacity to support development. Indeed, the Trav15 segment, which encodes the Vδ6.3 TCR subunit, is directly bound by E proteins that control its expression. Once expressed, the Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR specifies the innate-like NKγδT cell fate, even in progenitors beyond the normally permissive perinatal window, and this is enhanced by Id3-deficiency. These data indicate that the paradoxical behavior of NKγδT cells in Id3-deficient mice is determined by its stereotypic Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Mihai
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Shinton
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell I Parker
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Baojun Zhang
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michele Rhodes
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria Ciofani
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Zhang B, Jiao A, Dai M, Wiest DL, Zhuang Y. Id3 Restricts γδ NKT Cell Expansion by Controlling Egr2 and c-Myc Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1452-1459. [PMID: 30012846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
γδ NKT cells are neonatal-derived γδ T lymphocytes that are grouped together with invariant NKT cells based on their shared innate-like developmental program characterized by the transcription factor PLZF (promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger). Previous studies have demonstrated that the population size of γδ NKT cells is tightly controlled by Id3-mediated inhibition of E-protein activity in mice. However, how E proteins promote γδ NKT cell development and expansion remains to be determined. In this study, we report that the transcription factor Egr2, which also activates PLZF expression in invariant NKT cells, is essential for regulating γδ NKT cell expansion. We observed a higher expression of Egr family genes in γδ NKT cells compared with the conventional γδ T cell population. Loss of function of Id3 caused an expansion of γδ NKT cells, which is accompanied by further upregulation of Egr family genes as well as PLZF. Deletion of Egr2 in Id3-deficient γδ NKT cells prevented cell expansion and blocked PLZF upregulation. We further show that this Egr2-mediated γδ NKT cell expansion is dependent on c-Myc. c-Myc knockdown attenuated the proliferation of Id3-deficient γδ NKT cells, whereas c-Myc overexpression enhanced the proliferation of Id3/Egr2-double-deficient γδ NKT cells. Therefore, our data reveal a regulatory circuit involving Egr2-Id3-E2A, which normally restricts the population size of γδ NKT cells by adjusting Egr2 dosage and c-Myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710061, China; .,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710061, China
| | - Meifang Dai
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
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3
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Bagchi S, Genardi S, Wang CR. Linking CD1-Restricted T Cells With Autoimmunity and Dyslipidemia: Lipid Levels Matter. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1616. [PMID: 30061888 PMCID: PMC6055000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, or altered blood lipid content, is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, are correlated highly with dyslipidemia. One common thread between both autoimmune diseases and altered lipid levels is the presence of inflammation, suggesting that the immune system might act as the link between these related pathologies. Deciphering the role of innate and adaptive immune responses in autoimmune diseases and, more recently, obesity-related inflammation, have been active areas of research. The broad picture suggests that antigen-presenting molecules, which present self-peptides to autoreactive T cells, can result in either aggravation or amelioration of inflammation. However, very little is known about the role of self-lipid reactive T cells in dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune events. Given that a range of autoimmune diseases are linked to aberrant lipid profiles and a majority of lipid-specific T cells are reactive to self-antigens, it is important to examine the role of these T cells in dyslipidemia-related autoimmune ailments and determine if dysregulation of these T cells can be drivers of autoimmune conditions. CD1 molecules present lipids to T cells and are divided into two groups based on sequence homology. To date, most of the information available on lipid-reactive T cells comes from the study of group 2 CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells while T cells reactive to group 1 CD1 molecules remain understudied, despite their higher abundance in humans compared to NKT cells. This review evaluates the mechanisms by which CD1-reactive, self-lipid specific T cells contribute to dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune disease progression or amelioration by examining available literature on NKT cells and highlighting recent progress made on the study of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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4
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Do JS, Kim S, Keslar K, Jang E, Huang E, Fairchild RL, Pizarro TT, Min B. γδ T Cells Coexpressing Gut Homing α4β7 and αE Integrins Define a Novel Subset Promoting Intestinal Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:908-915. [PMID: 27927968 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes, dominant T cell subsets in the intestine, mediate both regulatory and pathogenic roles, yet the mechanisms underlying such opposing effects remain unclear. In this study, we identified a unique γδ T cell subset that coexpresses high levels of gut-homing integrins, CD103 and α4β7. They were exclusively found in the mesenteric lymph node after T cell-mediated colitis induction, and their appearance preceded the inflammation. Adoptive transfer of the CD103+α4β7high subsets enhanced Th1/Th17 T cell generation and accumulation in the intestine, and the disease severity. The level of generation correlated with the disease severity. Moreover, these cells were also found to be elevated in a spontaneous mouse model of ileitis. Based on the procolitogenic function, we referred to this subset as "inflammatory" γδ T cells. Targeting inflammatory γδ T cells may open a novel strategy to treat inflammatory diseases where γδ T cells play a pathogenic role including inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Do
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Karen Keslar
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Eunjung Jang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44116
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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5
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Bachy E, Urb M, Chandra S, Robinot R, Bricard G, de Bernard S, Traverse-Glehen A, Gazzo S, Blond O, Khurana A, Baseggio L, Heavican T, Ffrench M, Crispatzu G, Mondière P, Schrader A, Taillardet M, Thaunat O, Martin N, Dalle S, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Salles G, Lachuer J, Hermine O, Asnafi V, Roussel M, Lamy T, Herling M, Iqbal J, Buffat L, Marche PN, Gaulard P, Kronenberg M, Defrance T, Genestier L. CD1d-restricted peripheral T cell lymphoma in mice and humans. J Exp Med 2016; 213:841-57. [PMID: 27069116 PMCID: PMC4854725 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous entity of neoplasms with poor prognosis, lack of effective therapies, and a largely unknown pathophysiology. Identifying the mechanism of lymphomagenesis and cell-of-origin from which PTCLs arise is crucial for the development of efficient treatment strategies. In addition to the well-described thymic lymphomas, we found that p53-deficient mice also developed mature PTCLs that did not originate from conventional T cells but from CD1d-restricted NKT cells. PTCLs showed phenotypic features of activated NKT cells, such as PD-1 up-regulation and loss of NK1.1 expression. Injections of heat-killed Streptococcus pneumonia, known to express glycolipid antigens activating NKT cells, increased the incidence of these PTCLs, whereas Escherichia coli injection did not. Gene expression profile analyses indicated a significant down-regulation of genes in the TCR signaling pathway in PTCL, a common feature of chronically activated T cells. Targeting TCR signaling pathway in lymphoma cells, either with cyclosporine A or anti-CD1d blocking antibody, prolonged mice survival. Importantly, we identified human CD1d-restricted lymphoma cells within Vδ1 TCR-expressing PTCL. These results define a new subtype of PTCL and pave the way for the development of blocking anti-CD1d antibody for therapeutic purposes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bachy
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mirjam Urb
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Shilpi Chandra
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rémy Robinot
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Bricard
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
| | | | - Alexandra Traverse-Glehen
- Department of Pathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France CNRS, UMR 5239, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Gazzo
- Department of Cytogenetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France CNRS, UMR 5239, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Blond
- Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, Université J. Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Archana Khurana
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lucile Baseggio
- Department of Cytology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France CNRS, UMR 5239, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Tayla Heavican
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Martine Ffrench
- Department of Cytology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France CNRS, UMR 5239, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Giuliano Crispatzu
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, and Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul Mondière
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Schrader
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, and Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Morgan Taillardet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Martin
- INSERM U955, Créteil 94000, France Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94000, France Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France INSERM UMR-S1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Magali Le Garff-Tavernier
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 06 et Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75004 Paris, France INSERM U1138, Programmed cell death and physiopathology of tumor cells, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69007 Lyon, France CNRS, UMR 5239, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Joel Lachuer
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69007 Lyon, France INSERM UMR-S1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France ProfileXpert, SFR Santé Lyon-Est, UCBL UMS 3453 CNRS-US7 INSERM, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut Imagine, Laboratoire INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, CNRS Équipe de Recherche Laboratoryéllisée 8254, Cellular and Molecular Basis of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, 75015 Paris, France Service d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité et Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mikael Roussel
- Rennes University Hospital, Rennes INSERM UMR 917 Faculté de Médecine Université Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Lamy
- Rennes University Hospital, Rennes INSERM UMR 917 Faculté de Médecine Université Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marco Herling
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, and Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | | | - Patrice N Marche
- Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, Université J. Fourier, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- INSERM U955, Créteil 94000, France Université Paris-Est, Créteil 94000, France Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Thierry Defrance
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Genestier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5308, 69365 Lyon, France
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6
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Noma H, Eshima K, Satoh M, Iwabuchi K. Differential dependence on nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase among natural killer T-cell subsets in their development. Immunology 2015; 146:89-99. [PMID: 25988531 PMCID: PMC4552504 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are comprised of several subsets. However, the possible differences in their developmental mechanisms have not been fully investigated. To evaluate the dependence of some NKT subpopulations on nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) for their generation, we analysed the differentiation of NKT cells, dividing them into subsets in various tissues of alymphoplasia (aly/aly), a mutant mouse strain that lacks functional NIK. The results indicated that the efficient differentiation of both invariant NKT (iNKT) and non-iNKT cells relied on NIK expression in non-haematopoietic cells; however, the dependence of non-iNKT cells was lower than that of iNKT cells. Especially, the differentiation of CD8(+) non-iNKT cells was markedly resistant to the aly mutation. The proportion of two other NKT cell subsets, NK1.1(+) γδ T cells and NK1.1(-) iNKT cells, was also significantly reduced in aly/aly mice, and this defect in their development was reversed in wild-type host mice given aly/aly bone marrow cells. In exerting effector functions, NIK in NKT-αβ cells appeared dispensable, as NIK-deficient NKT-αβ cells could secrete interleukin-4 or interferon-γ and exhibit cytolytic activity at a level comparable to that of aly/+ NKT-αβ cells. Collectively, these results imply that the NIK in thymic stroma may be critically involved in the differentiation of most NKT cell subsets (although the level of NIK dependence may vary among the subsets), and also that NIK in NKT-αβ cells may be dispensable for their effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Noma
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamihara, Japan
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7
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Gays F, Taha S, Brooks CG. The distal upstream promoter in Ly49 genes, Pro1, is active in mature NK cells and T cells, does not require TATA boxes, and displays enhancer activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:6068-81. [PMID: 25926675 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Missing self recognition of MHC class I molecules is mediated in murine species primarily through the stochastic expression of CD94/NKG2 and Ly49 receptors on NK cells. Previous studies have suggested that the stochastic expression of Ly49 receptors is achieved through the use of an alternate upstream promoter, designated Pro1, that is active only in immature NK cells and operates via the mutually exclusive binding of transcription initiation complexes to closely opposed forward and reverse TATA boxes, with forward transcription being transiently required to activate the downstream promoters, Pro2/Pro3, that are subsequently responsible for transcription in mature NK cells. In this study, we report that Pro1 transcripts are not restricted to immature NK cells but are also found in mature NK cells and T cells, and that Pro1 fragments display strong promoter activity in mature NK cell and T cell lines as well as in immature NK cells. However, the strength of promoter activity in vitro does not correlate well with Ly49 expression in vivo and forward promoter activity is generally weak or undetectable, suggesting that components outside of Pro1 are required for efficient forward transcription. Indeed, conserved sequences immediately upstream and downstream of the core Pro1 region were found to inhibit or enhance promoter activity. Most surprisingly, promoter activity does not require either the forward or reverse TATA boxes, but is instead dependent on residues in the largely invariant central region of Pro1. Importantly, Pro1 displays strong enhancer activity, suggesting that this may be its principal function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Gays
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Taha
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin G Brooks
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
Memory T cells are usually considered to be a feature of a successful immune response against a foreign antigen, and such cells can mediate potent immunity. However, in mice, alternative pathways have been described, through which naïve T cells can acquire the characteristics and functions of memory T cells without encountering specific foreign antigen or the typical signals required for conventional T cell differentiation. Such cells reflect a response to the internal rather the external environment, and hence such cells are called innate memory T cells. In this review, we describe how innate memory subsets were identified, the signals that induce their generation and their functional properties and potential role in the normal immune response. The existence of innate memory T cells in mice raises questions about whether parallel populations exist in humans, and we discuss the evidence for such populations during human T cell development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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9
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Divan A, Budd RC, Tobin RP, Newell-Rogers MK. γδ T Cells and dendritic cells in refractory Lyme arthritis. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:653-63. [PMID: 25605869 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ru0714-343rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is a multisystem infection transmitted by tick vectors with an incidence of up to 300,000 individuals/yr in the United States. The primary treatments are oral or i.v. antibiotics. Despite treatment, some individuals do not recover and have prolonged symptoms affecting multiple organs, including the nervous system and connective tissues. Inflammatory arthritis is a common symptom associated with Lyme pathology. In the past decades, γδ T cells have emerged as candidates that contribute to the transition from innate to adaptive responses. These cells are also differentially regulated within the synovia of patients affected by RLA. Here, we review and discuss potential cellular mechanisms involving γδ T cells and DCs in RLA. TLR signaling and antigen processing and presentation will be the key concepts that we review in aid of understanding the impact of γδ T cells in RLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Divan
- *Texas A&M Health Science, Temple, Texas, USA; and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ralph C Budd
- *Texas A&M Health Science, Temple, Texas, USA; and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Richard P Tobin
- *Texas A&M Health Science, Temple, Texas, USA; and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - M Karen Newell-Rogers
- *Texas A&M Health Science, Temple, Texas, USA; and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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10
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Prince AL, Watkin LB, Yin CC, Selin LK, Kang J, Schwartzberg PL, Berg LJ. Innate PLZF+CD4+ αβ T cells develop and expand in the absence of Itk. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:673-87. [PMID: 24928994 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T cell development in the thymus produces multiple lineages of cells, including innate T cells. Studies in mice harboring alterations in TCR signaling proteins or transcriptional regulators have revealed an expanded population of CD4(+) innate T cells in the thymus that produce IL-4 and express the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF). In these mice, IL-4 produced by the CD4(+)PLZF(+) T cell population leads to the conversion of conventional CD8(+) thymocytes into innate CD8(+) T cells resembling memory T cells expressing eomesodermin. The expression of PLZF, the signature invariant NKT cell transcription factor, in these innate CD4(+) T cells suggests that they might be a subset of αβ or γδ TCR(+) NKT cells or mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. To address these possibilities, we characterized the CD4(+)PLZF(+) innate T cells in itk(-/-) mice. We show that itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells are not CD1d-dependent NKT cells, MR1-dependent MAIT cells, or γδ T cells. Furthermore, although the itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells express αβ TCRs, neither β2-microglobulin-dependent MHC class I nor any MHC class II molecules are required for their development. In contrast to invariant NKT cells and MAIT cells, this population has a highly diverse TCRα-chain repertoire. Analysis of peripheral tissues indicates that itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells preferentially home to spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes owing to increased expression of gut-homing receptors, and that their expansion is regulated by commensal gut flora. These data support the conclusion that itk(-/-) innate PLZF(+)CD4(+) T cells are a novel subset of innate T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Prince
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Levi B Watkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Catherine C Yin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Liisa K Selin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Leslie J Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and
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11
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Prinz I, Silva-Santos B, Pennington DJ. Functional development of γδ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1988-94. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immo Prinz
- Institute for Immunology; Hannover Medical School; Germany
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - Daniel J. Pennington
- Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine; Queen Mary University of London; London; UK
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12
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Pereira P, Berthault C, Burlen-Defranoux O, Boucontet L. Critical Role of TCR Specificity in the Development of Vγ1Vδ6.3+ Innate NKTγδ Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1716-23. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Kisielow J, Kopf M. The origin and fate of γδT cell subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 2013; 25:181-8. [PMID: 23562386 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments indicate that in contrast to αβT cells, γδT cell effector functions are largely preprogrammed in the thymus during fetal life. However the thymus also exports juvenile γδT cells that can mature and be polarized in the periphery. How these developmental pathways are regulated and how much they contribute to the γδT cell effector pool is unclear. Here we discuss recent advances in the understanding of γδT cell subset development, with particular focus on IL-17-producing γδT cells and their beneficial and pathogenic roles in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kisielow
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Ghalamfarsa G, Hadinia A, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The role of natural killer T cells in B cell malignancies. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1349-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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15
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Gleimer M, von Boehmer H, Kreslavsky T. PLZF Controls the Expression of a Limited Number of Genes Essential for NKT Cell Function. Front Immunol 2012; 3:374. [PMID: 23267359 PMCID: PMC3528072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NKT) T cells exhibit tissue distribution, surface phenotype, and functional responses that are strikingly different from those of conventional T cells. The transcription factor PLZF is responsible for most of these properties, as its ectopic expression in conventional T cells is sufficient to confer to them an NKT-like phenotype. The molecular program downstream of PLZF, however, is largely unexplored. Here we report that PLZF regulates the expression of a surprisingly small set of genes, many with known immune functions. This includes several established components of the NKT cell developmental program. Expression of the transcriptional regulators Id2, previously shown to be required for iNKT cell survival in the liver and c-Maf, which shapes the NKT cytokine profile, was compromised in PLZF-deficient cells. Ectopic expression of c-Maf complemented the cells' defect in producing IL-4 and IL-10. PLZF also induced a program of cell surface receptors which shape the NKT cell's response to external stimuli, including the costimulatory receptor ICOS and the cytokine receptors IL12rb1 and IL18r1. As an ensemble, the known functions of the molecules whose expression is affected by PLZF explain many defects observed in PLZF(-/-) NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gleimer
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Pereira P, Boucontet L. Innate NKTγδ and NKTαβ cells exert similar functions and compete for a thymic niche. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1272-81. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pereira
- Institut Pasteur; Unité Limphopoïese, INSERM U668; Paris France
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17
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Evidence for the divergence of innate and adaptive T-cell precursors before commitment to the αβ and γδ lineages. Blood 2011; 118:6591-600. [PMID: 22021367 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-352732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to adaptive T cells, the thymus supports the development of unconventional T cells such as natural killer T (NKT) and CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which have innate functional properties, particular antigenic specificities, and tissue localization. Both conventional and innate T cells are believed to develop from common precursors undergoing instructive, TCR-mediated lineage fate decisions, but innate T cells are proposed to undergo positive instead of negative selection in response to agonistic TCR signals. In the present study, we show that, in contrast to conventional αβT cells, innate αβT cells are not selected against functional TCRγ rearrangements and express TCRγ mRNA. Likewise, in contrast to the majority of γδT cells, thymic innate γδT cells are not efficiently selected against functional TCRβ chains. In precursors of conventional T cells, autonomous TCR signals emanating from the pre-TCR or γδTCR in the absence of ligand mediate selection against the TCR of the opposite isotype and αβ/γδ lineage commitment. Our data suggest that developing innate T cells ignore such signals and rely solely on agonistic TCR interactions. Consistently, most innate T cells reacted strongly against autologous thymocytes. These results suggest that innate and adaptive T-cell lineages do not develop from the same pool of precursors and potentially diverge before αβ/γδ lineage commitment.
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18
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Abstract
The role of the zinc finger transcription factor ThPOK (T-helper-inducing POZ-Kruppel-like factor) in promoting commitment of αβ T cells to the CD4 lineage is now well established. New results indicate that ThPOK is also important for the development and/or acquisition of effector functions by other T cell subsets, including several not marked by CD4 expression, i.e. double-negative invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, γδ cells, and even memory CD8(+) T cells. There is compelling evidence that ThPOK expression in most or all of these cases is dependent on T-cell receptor signaling and that differences in relative TCR signal strength/length may induce different levels of ThPOK expression. The developmental consequences of ThPOK expression vary according to cell type, which may partly reflect differences in ThPOK levels and/or in transcriptional networks between cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar J Kappes
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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19
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Kreslavsky T, Gleimer M, Garbe AI, von Boehmer H. αβ versus γδ fate choice: counting the T-cell lineages at the branch point. Immunol Rev 2011; 238:169-81. [PMID: 20969592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both αβ and γδ T cells develop in the thymus from a common progenitor. Historically distinguished by their T-cell receptor (TCR), these lineages are now defined on the basis of distinct molecular programs. Intriguingly, in many transgenic and knockout systems these programs are mismatched with the TCR type, leading to the development of γδ lineage cells driven by αβTCR and vice versa. These puzzling observations were recently explained by the demonstration that TCR signal strength, rather than TCR type per se, instructs lineage fate, with stronger TCR signal favoring γδ and weaker signal favoring αβ lineage fates. These studies also highlighted the ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase)-Egr (early growth response)-Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) axis as a potential molecular switch downstream of TCR that determines lineage choice. Indeed, removal of Id3 was sufficient to redirect TCRγδ transgenic cells to the αβ lineage, even in the presence of strong TCR signal. However, in TCR non-transgenic Id3 knockout mice the overall number of γδ lineage cells was increased due to an outgrowth of a Vγ1Vδ6.3 subset, suggesting that not all γδ T cells depend on this molecular switch for lineage commitment. Thus, the γδ lineage may in fact be a collection of two or more lineages not sharing a common molecular program and thus equipollent to the αβ lineage. TCR signaling is not the only factor that is required for development of αβ and γδ lineage cells; other pathways, such as signaling from Notch and CXCR4 receptors, cooperate with the TCR in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Kreslavsky
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Segawa S, Goto D, Yoshiga Y, Horikoshi M, Sugihara M, Hayashi T, Chino Y, Matsumoto I, Ito S, Sumida T. Involvement of NK 1.1-positive γδT cells in interleukin-18 plus interleukin-2-induced interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:659-66. [PMID: 21257923 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0298oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is induced by various factors in humans. However, the exact mechanism of ILD remains elusive. This study sought to determine the role of natural killer (NK) 1.1(+) γδT cells in ILD. The injection of IL-18 plus IL-2 (IL-18/IL-2) into C57BL6 (B6) mice induced acute ILD that resembled early-stage human ILD. An accumulation of NK1.1(+) γδT cells similar to NK cells was evident in the lungs. The T Cell Receptor (TCR) Vγ and Vδ repertoires of NK1.1(+) γδT cells indicated polyclonal expansion. The expression of IL-2 receptor β (Rβ) and IL-18Rβ in NK1.1(+) γδT cells was higher than in NK1.1(-) γδT cells. IL-18/IL-2 stimulated the proliferation of NK1.1(+) γδT cells, but not NK1.1(-) γδT cells. The IL-18/IL-2-stimulated NK1.1(+) γδT cells produced higher concentrations of IFN-γ than did NK1.1(-) γδT cells. Moreover, NK1.1(+) γδT and NK1.1(-) γδT cells constituted completely different cell populations. The IL-18/IL-2-induced ILD was milder in TCRδ(-/-) and IFN-γ(-/-) mice, compared with B6 mice. Furthermore, cell-transfer experiments demonstrated that NK1.1(+) γδT cells could induce the expansion of NK cells and IFN-γ mRNA in the lung by IL-18/IL-2. Our results suggest that NK1.1(+) γδT cells function as inflammatory mediators in the early phase of IL-18/IL-2-induced ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Segawa
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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21
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TCR-mediated ThPOK induction promotes development of mature (CD24-) gammadelta thymocytes. EMBO J 2010; 29:2329-41. [PMID: 20551904 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes develop into two major lineages characterized by expression of the alphabeta and gammadelta T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimers. Within each major lineage, further specialization occurs, resulting in distinct subsets that differ in TCR specificity, phenotype and functional attributes. Thus, in the murine thymus, two distinct subsets of mature (CD24-) gammadelta cells have been identified, that is NK1.1+ cells, which are enriched for Vgamma1.1 usage and selectively produce IFNgamma on stimulation, and CCR6+ cells, which are enriched for Vgamma2 usage produce IL17. The upstream signals and transcriptional pathways that promote development of these distinct gammadelta subsets remain relatively poorly understood. Here, we show that the Zn-finger transcription factor ThPOK has a critical function in the development of gammadelta thymocytes. Thus, lack of functional ThPOK causes a marked reduction in the percentage and absolute number of mature gammadelta thymocytes, and a particularly severe reduction of NK1.1+ cells. Conversely, constitutive ThPOK expression leads to a striking increase in mature NK1.1+ gammadelta thymocytes. Further, we show that ThPOK induction in gammadelta thymocytes is induced by strong TCR signals mediated by engagement with antibody or high-affinity endogenous ligands, and that an important ThPOK cis-acting element, the distal regulatory element (DRE), is sufficient for this TCR-dependent induction. These results show that ThPOK expression in gammadelta thymocytes is regulated in part by the strength of TCR signalling, identify ThPOK as an important mediator of gammadelta T cell development/maturation, and lend strong support to the view that development of a significant fraction of gammadelta T cells depends on TCR engagement/signalling.
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22
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Andreotti AH, Schwartzberg PL, Joseph RE, Berg LJ. T-cell signaling regulated by the Tec family kinase, Itk. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a002287. [PMID: 20519342 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Tec family tyrosine kinases regulate lymphocyte development, activation, and differentiation. In T cells, the predominant Tec kinase is Itk, which functions downstream of the T-cell receptor to regulate phospholipase C-gamma. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of Itk kinase structure and enzymatic regulation, focusing on Itk protein domain interactions and mechanisms of substrate recognition. We also discuss the role of Itk in the development of conventional versus innate T-cell lineages, including both alphabeta and gammadelta T-cell subsets. Finally, we describe the complex role of Itk signaling in effector T-cell differentiation and the regulation of cytokine gene expression. Together, these data implicate Itk as an important modulator of T-cell signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Andreotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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23
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Narayan K, Kang J. Disorderly conduct in gammadelta versus alphabeta T cell lineage commitment. Semin Immunol 2010; 22:222-7. [PMID: 20451409 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of T cell precursor commitment to the gammadelta or alphabeta T cell lineage remains unclear. While TCR signal strength has emerged as a key factor in lineage commitment based on TCR transgenic models, the entire TCR repertoire may not possess the same discriminatory power. A counterbalance to the TCR as the lineage determinant is the pre-existing heterogeneity in gene expression among precursors, which suggests that single precursors are unlikely to respond homogeneously to a given instructive signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Narayan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, S3-137, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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24
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Odumade OA, Weinreich MA, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA. Krüppel-like factor 2 regulates trafficking and homeostasis of gammadelta T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6060-6. [PMID: 20427763 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
gammadelta T cells are generated in the thymus and traffic to secondary lymphoid organs and epithelial surfaces, where they regulate immune responses. alphabeta T cells require sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1P(1)) and CD62L for thymic emigration and circulation through secondary lymphoid organs. Both of these genes are regulated by the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in conventional alphabeta T cells. It is unclear if gammadelta T cells use similar mechanisms. In this study, we show that thymic gammadelta T cells express S1P(1) and that it is regulated by KLF2. Furthermore, KLF2 and S1P(1)-deficient gammadelta T cells accumulate in the thymus and fail to populate the secondary lymphoid organs or gut, in contrast to the expectation from published work. Interestingly, KLF2 but not S1P(1) deficiency led to the expansion of a usually rare population of CD4(+) promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger(+) "gammadelta NKT" cells. Thus, KLF2 is critically important for the homeostasis and trafficking of gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludare A Odumade
- Center for Immunology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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25
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Haas JD, González FHM, Schmitz S, Chennupati V, Föhse L, Kremmer E, Förster R, Prinz I. CCR6 and NK1.1 distinguish between IL-17A and IFN-gamma-producing gammadelta effector T cells. Eur J Immunol 2010; 39:3488-97. [PMID: 19830744 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gammadelta T cells are a potent source of innate IL-17A and IFN-gamma, and they acquire the capacity to produce these cytokines within the thymus. However, the precise stages and required signals that guide this differentiation are unclear. Here we show that the CD24(low) CD44(high) effector gammadelta T cells of the adult thymus are segregated into two lineages by the mutually exclusive expression of CCR6 and NK1.1. Only CCR6+ gammadelta T cells produced IL-17A, while NK1.1+ gammadelta T cells were efficient producers of IFN-gamma but not of IL-17A. Their effector phenotype correlated with loss of CCR9 expression, particularly among the NK1.1+ gammadelta T cells. Accordingly, both gammadelta T-cell subsets were rare in gut-associated lymphoid tissues, but abundant in peripheral lymphoid tissues. There, they provided IL-17A and IFN-gamma in response to TCR-specific and TCR-independent stimuli. IL-12 and IL-18 induced IFN-gamma and IL-23 induced IL-17A production by NK1.1+ or CCR6+ gammadelta T cells, respectively. Importantly, we show that CCR6+ gammadelta T cells are more responsive to TCR stimulation than their NK1.1+ counterparts. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that CCR6+ IL-17A-producing gammadelta T cells derive from less TCR-dependent selection events than IFN-gamma-producing NK1.1+ gammadelta T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D Haas
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Immunology, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Alonzo ES, Gottschalk RA, Das J, Egawa T, Hobbs RM, Pandolfi PP, Pereira P, Nichols KE, Koretzky GA, Jordan MS, Sant'Angelo DB. Development of promyelocytic zinc finger and ThPOK-expressing innate gamma delta T cells is controlled by strength of TCR signaling and Id3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:1268-79. [PMID: 20038637 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The broad-complex tramtrack and bric a brac-zinc finger transcriptional regulator (BTB-ZF), promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), was recently shown to control the development of the characteristic innate T cell phenotype and effector functions of NK T cells. Interestingly, the ectopic expression of PLZF was shown to push conventional T cells into an activated state that seems to be proinflammatory. The factors that control the normal expression of PLZF in lymphocytes are unknown. In this study, we show that PLZF expression is not restricted to NK T cells but is also expressed by a subset of gammadelta T cells, functionally defining distinct subsets of this innate T cell population. A second BTB-ZF gene, ThPOK, is important for the phenotype of the PLZF-expressing gammadelta T cells. Most importantly, TCR signal strength and expression of inhibitor of differentiation gene 3 control the frequency of PLZF-expressing gammadelta T cells. This study defines the factors that control the propensity of the immune system to produce potentially disease-causing T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Alonzo
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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27
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Lauritsen JPH, Wong GW, Lee SY, Lefebvre JM, Ciofani M, Rhodes M, Kappes DJ, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Wiest DL. Marked induction of the helix-loop-helix protein Id3 promotes the gammadelta T cell fate and renders their functional maturation Notch independent. Immunity 2009; 31:565-75. [PMID: 19833086 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
alphabeta and gammadelta T cells arise from a common thymocyte progenitor during development in the thymus. Emerging evidence suggests that the pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) and gammadelta T cell receptor (gammadeltaTCR) play instructional roles in specifying the alphabeta and gammadelta T-lineage fates, respectively. Nevertheless, the signaling pathways differentially engaged to specify fate and promote the development of these lineages remain poorly understood. Here, we show that differential activation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-early growth response gene (Egr)-inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (Id3) pathway plays a defining role in this process. In particular, Id3 expression served to regulate adoption of the gammadelta fate. Moreover, Id3 was both necessary and sufficient to enable gammadelta-lineage cells to differentiate independently of Notch signaling and become competent IFNgamma-producing effectors. Taken together, these findings identify Id3 as a central player that controls both adoption of the gammadelta fate and its maturation in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Peter Holst Lauritsen
- Blood Cell Development and Cancer Keystone, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
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28
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract allows the residence of an almost enumerable number of bacteria. To maintain homeostasis, the mucosal immune system must remain tolerant to the commensal microbiota and eradicate pathogenic bacteria. Aberrant interactions between the mucosal immune cells and the microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we discuss the role of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) in intestinal immunology. NKT cells are a subset of non-conventional T cells recognizing endogenous and/or exogenous glycolipid antigens when presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like antigen-presenting molecules CD1d and MR1. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, NKT cells can rapidly produce various cytokines that have important roles in mucosal immunity. Our understanding of NKT-cell-mediated pathways including the identification of specific antigens is expanding. This knowledge will facilitate the development of NKT cell-based interventions and immune therapies for human intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Middendorp
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Tec kinase Itk in gammadeltaT cells is pivotal for controlling IgE production in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8308-13. [PMID: 19416854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808459106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In conventional alphabeta T cells, the Tec family tyrosine kinase Itk is required for signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR). Itk also regulates alphabeta T cell development, lineage commitment, and effector function. A well established feature of Itk(-/-) mice is their inability to generate T helper type 2 (Th2) responses that produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13; yet these mice have spontaneously elevated levels of serum IgE and increased numbers of germinal center B cells. Here we show that the source of this phenotype is gammadelta T cells, as normal IgE levels are observed in Itk(-/-)Tcrd(-/-) mice. When stimulated through the gammadelta TCR, Itk(-/-) gammadelta T cells produce high levels of Th2 cytokines, but diminished IFNgamma. In addition, activated Itk(-/-) gammadelta T cells up-regulate costimulatory molecules important for B cell help, suggesting that they may directly promote B cell activation and Ig class switching. Furthermore, we find that gammadelta T cells numbers are increased in Itk(-/-) mice, most notably the Vgamma1.1(+)Vdelta6.3(+) subset that represents the dominant population of gammadelta NKT cells. Itk(-/-) gammadelta NKT cells also have increased expression of PLZF, a transcription factor required for alphabeta NKT cells, indicating a common molecular program between alphabeta and gammadelta NKT cell lineages. Together, these data indicate that Itk signaling regulates gammadelta T cell lineage development and effector function and is required to control IgE production in vivo.
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Abstract
NKT cells are a relatively newly recognized member of the immune community, with profound effects on the rest of the immune system despite their small numbers. They are true T cells with a T cell receptor (TCR), but unlike conventional T cells that detect peptide antigens presented by conventional major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, NKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a nonclassical MHC molecule. As members of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, they bridge the gap between these, and respond rapidly to set the tone for subsequent immune responses. They fill a unique niche in providing the immune system a cellular arm to recognize lipid antigens. They play both effector and regulatory roles in infectious and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, subsets of NKT cells can play distinct and sometimes opposing roles. In cancer, type I NKT cells, defined by their invariant TCR using Valpha14Jalpha18 in mice and Valpha24Jalpha18 in humans, are mostly protective, by producing interferon-gamma to activate NK and CD8(+) T cells and by activating dendritic cells to make IL-12. In contrast, type II NKT cells, characterized by more diverse TCRs recognizing lipids presented by CD1d, primarily inhibit tumor immunity. Moreover, type I and type II NKT cells counter-regulate each other, forming a new immunoregulatory axis. Because NKT cells respond rapidly, the balance along this axis can greatly influence other immune responses that follow. Therefore, learning to manipulate the balance along the NKT regulatory axis may be critical to devising successful immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Terabe
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Valpha14 invariant natural killer T (Valpha14i NKT) cells are a unique lineage of mouse T cells that share properties with both NK cells and memory T cells. Valpha14i NKT cells recognize CDld-associated glycolipids via a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) composed of an invariant Valpha14-Jalpha 18 chain paired preferentially with a restricted set of TCRbeta chains. During development in the thymus, rare CD4+ CD8+ (DP) cortical thymocytes that successfully rearrange the semi-invariant TCR are directed to the Valpha14i NKT cell lineage via interactions with CD d-associated endogenous glycolipids expressed by other DP thymocytes. As they mature, Valphal4i NKT lineage cells upregulate activation markers such as CD44 and subsequently express NK-related molecules such as NKI.1 and members of the Ly-49 inhibitory receptor family. The developmental program of Valpha l4i NKT cells is critically regulated by a number of signaling cues that have little or no effect on conventional T cell development, such as the Fyn/SAP/SLAM pathway, NFkappaB and T-bet transcription factors, and the cytokine IL-15. The unique developmental requirements of Valphal4i NKT cells may represent a paradigm for other unconventional T cell subsets that are positively selected by agonist ligands expressed on hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R MacDonald
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Prinz I, Sansoni A, Kissenpfennig A, Ardouin L, Malissen M, Malissen B. Visualization of the earliest steps of γδ T cell development in the adult thymus. Nat Immunol 2006; 7:995-1003. [PMID: 16878135 DOI: 10.1038/ni1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The checkpoint in gammadelta cell development that controls successful T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements remains poorly characterized. Using mice expressing a reporter gene 'knocked into' the Tcrd constant region gene, we have characterized many of the events that mark the life of early gammadelta cells in the adult thymus. We identify the developmental stage during which the Tcrd locus 'opens' in early T cell progenitors and show that a single checkpoint controls gammadelta cell development during the penultimate CD4- CD8- stage. Passage through this checkpoint required the assembly of gammadelta TCR heterodimers on the cell surface and signaling via the Lat adaptor protein. In addition, we show that gammadelta selection triggered a phase of sustained proliferation similar to that induced by the pre-TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo Prinz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U631, Marseille, France
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Nomizo A, Cardillo F, Postól E, de Carvalho LP, Mengel J. V gamma 1 gammadelta T cells regulate type-1/type-2 immune responses and participate in the resistance to infection and development of heart inflammation in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected BALB/c mice. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:880-8. [PMID: 16513391 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 10/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many different cell populations or lineages participate in the resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. gammadelta T cells may also take part in a network of interactions that lead to control of T. cruzi infection with minimal tissue damage by controlling alphabeta T cell activation, as was previously suggested. However, the gammadelta T cell population is not homogeneous and its functions might vary, depending on T cell receptor usage or distinct stimulatory conditions. In this study, we show that the in vivo depletion of V gamma 1-bearing gammadelta T cells, prior to the infection of BALB/c mice with the Y strain of T. cruzi, induces an increased susceptibility to the infection with lower amounts of IFN-gamma being produced by conventional CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. In addition, the production of IL-4 by spleen T cells in V gamma 1-depleted mice was increased and the production of IL-10 remained unchanged. Since V gamma 1(+) gammadelta T cell depletion diminished the conversion of naive to memory/activated CD4 T cells and the production of IFN-gamma during the acute infection, these cells appear to function as helper cells for conventional CD4+ Th1 cells. Depletion of V gamma 1(+) cells also reduced the infection-induced inflammatory infiltrate in the heart and skeletal muscle. More importantly, V gamma 1(+) cells were required for up-regulation of CD40L in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during infection. These results show that a subset of gammadelta T cells (V gamma 1(+)), which is an important component of the innate immune response, up-regulates the type 1 arm of the adaptative immune response, during T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auro Nomizo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, FCFRP, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Loza MJ, Luppi P, Kiefer K, Martin ES, Szczytkowski JL, Perussia B. Human peripheral CD2−/lo T cells: an extrathymic population of early differentiated, developing T cells. Int Immunol 2005; 17:1213-25. [PMID: 16027135 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a subset of human peripheral blood CD3+ T cells expresses low-to-null CD2 levels (CD2-/lo), produces type 2 cytokines and is inducible to differentiate to functionally mature IFN-gamma+ cells. Multiple-color immunofluorescence analysis indicated that this population, representing <0.1% of the T cells in fresh lymphocytes, contains subsets that are phenotypically immature, including CD4-CD8- and CD3+TCR- cells. Ex vivo, the CD2-/lo cells can proliferate (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester analysis) independently from exogenous stimulation, respond to CD3-mediated stimulation with significantly greater proliferation than the autologous mature cells and their subsets are inducible to undergo in vitro a developmental sequence similar to that reported for the phenotypically similar thymic populations. This is especially evident for the CD4+CD8+ subset. CD2-/lo T-cell populations exhibit a TCR repertoire (Vbeta chain distribution) that is complete but different (complementarity determining region R3 analysis) from that of the autologous CD2+ T cells. These characteristics distinguish peripheral CD2-/lo T cells as possible early differentiated T cells that may undergo extrathymic maturation, and potentially contribute to maintain the peripheral naive T-cell pool. These findings define the existence of phenotypically immature T cells in the periphery. Also, given the high numbers of CD2-/lo T cells generated, upon ex vivo culture, from peripheral lymphocytes of all adult and neonatal individuals tested, they have relevance to clinical applications for immune reconstitution of T cells, as well as myeloid cells, via myeloid colony-stimulating factors and type 2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Loza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, BLSB 750, 233 South, 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Godfrey DI, MacDonald HR, Kronenberg M, Smyth MJ, Van Kaer L. NKT cells: what's in a name? Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4:231-7. [PMID: 15039760 DOI: 10.1038/nri1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 919] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Zhang G, Nichols RD, Taniguchi M, Nakayama T, Parmely MJ. Gamma interferon production by hepatic NK T cells during Escherichia coli infection is resistant to the inhibitory effects of oxidative stress. Infect Immun 2003; 71:2468-77. [PMID: 12704118 PMCID: PMC153215 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.5.2468-2477.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reductive-oxidative status of tissues regulates the expression of many inflammatory genes that are induced during gram-negative bacterial infections. The cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is a potent stimulus for host inflammatory gene expression, and oxidative stress has been shown to inhibit its production in mice challenged with Escherichia coli bacteria. The objective of the present study was to characterize the cells that produced IFN-gamma in a mouse bacterial peritonitis model and determine the effects of oxidative stress on their activation. The liver contained large numbers of IFN-gamma-expressing lymphocytes following challenge with viable E. coli bacteria. The surface phenotypes of IFN-gamma-expressing hepatic lymphocytes were those of natural killer (NK) cells (NK1.1(+) CD3(-)), conventional T cells (NK1.1(-) CD3(+)), and NK T cells (NK1.1(+) CD3(+)). Treating mice with diethyl maleate to deplete tissue thiols significantly impaired IFN-gamma production by NK cells, conventional T cells, and CD1d-restricted NK T cells in response to E. coli challenge. However, IFN-gamma expression by a subset of NK T cells, which did not bind alpha-galactosylceramide-CD1d tetramers, was resistant to the inhibitory effects of tissue oxidative stress. Stress-resistant IFN-gamma-expressing cells were also predominantly CD8(+) and bore gamma delta T-cell antigen receptors. The residual IFN-gamma response by NK T cells may explain previous reports of hepatic gene expression following gram-negative bacterial challenge in thiol-depleted mice. The finding also demonstrates that innate immune cells differ significantly in their responses to altered tissue redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7420, USA
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Voyle RB, Beermann F, Lees RK, Schümann J, Zimmer J, Held W, MacDonald HR. Ligand-dependent inhibition of CD1d-restricted NKT cell development in mice transgenic for the activating receptor Ly49D. J Exp Med 2003; 197:919-25. [PMID: 12682111 PMCID: PMC2193884 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their CD1d-restricted T cell receptor (TCR), natural killer T (NKT) cells express various receptors normally associated with NK cells thought to act, in part, as modulators of TCR signaling. Immunoreceptor-tyrosine activation (ITAM) and inhibition (ITIM) motifs associated with NK receptors may augment or attenuate perceived TCR signals respectively, potentially influencing NKT cell development and function. ITIM-containing Ly49 family receptors expressed by NKT cells are proposed to play a role in their development and function. We have produced mice transgenic for the ITAM-associated Ly49D and ITIM-containing Ly49A receptors and their common ligand H2-Dd to determine the importance of these signaling interplays in NKT cell development. Ly49D/H2-Dd transgenic mice had selectively and severely reduced numbers of thymic and peripheral NKT cells, whereas both ligand and Ly49D transgenics had normal numbers of NKT cells. CD1d tetramer staining revealed a blockade of NKT cell development at an early precursor stage. Coexpression of a Ly49A transgene partially rescued NKT cell development in Ly49D/H2-Dd transgenics, presumably due to attenuation of ITAM signaling. Thus, Ly49D-induced ITAM signaling is incompatible with the early development of cells expressing semi-invariant CD1d-restricted TCRs and appropriately harmonized ITIM-ITAM signaling is likely to play an important role in the developmental program of NKT cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Ly/chemistry
- Antigens, Ly/physiology
- H-2 Antigens/physiology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Ligands
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger B Voyle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Garfias Y, Rojas-Ramos E, Jiménez MDC, Martínez-Cairo S, Chávez R, Gorocica P, Zenteno E, Lascurain R. Comparative analysis of mononuclear cell surface markers in atopic processes--a preliminary study. Immunol Invest 2003; 32:95-104. [PMID: 12722945 DOI: 10.1081/imm-120019211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Atopic disorders are driven by the Th2 cell subset. We have determined the expression of costimulatory molecules and cell surface markers on peripheral CD4+ T cells and antigen presenting cells, in different atopic diseases, and we have also tried to correlate the expression of these markers with the severity of the disease. Cells from patients with atopic and contact dermatitis, mild or severe asthma, and symptomatic and non-symptomatic atopic rhinitis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that CD30, CD124, and CD152 expression on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in atopic dermatitis than in contact dermatitis patients (p < 0.05). It was interesting to observe that the cell surface expression of CD80 in T and B cells from atopic dermatitis patients was not enhanced as opposed to the other atopic diseases we analyzed. Our results suggest that there are differences in the immune mechanisms involved in the different atopic diseases, and that expression of CD30 in CD4+ T cells might be a marker of disease activity in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Garfias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Tlalpan, México
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Abstract
A maturation-dependent change in phenotype and cytokine production from relatively immature CD161(-) or CD161(+), IL-13(+)IL-4(+), IFN-gamma(-), to mature CD161(+)CD56(+) IFN-gamma(+) cells occurs in primary human alpha-galactosyl ceramide-reactive CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells under the control of IL-12 and other monokines. Modulation of this process upon alpha-galactosyl ceramide stimulation explains the opposite roles of NKT cells to drive type 1 and type 2 immune responses. Because the same developmental changes occurred and were similarly regulated in T cells, the data establish that NKT cells should no longer be considered a functionally unique regulatory subset. However, the results of their analysis can be taken as a model for immunotherapeutic approaches with T cells for which a nominal or surrogate antigen is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Loza
- Jefferson Medical College, Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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