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Lutz NW, Bernard M. Multiparametric quantification of the heterogeneity of free Ca 2+ concentration by 19F MR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 297:96-107. [PMID: 30380459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For biological tissue that is heterogeneous with respect to free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), the lineshape of the 19F MRS resonance of injected [Ca2+]-sensitive 4-FBAPTA or BAPTA-FF reflects the statistical distribution of [Ca2+]i values. While conventional 19F MRS of these fluorinated Ca2+ reporter molecules only provides one [Ca2+]i value per spectrum, our specially designed lineshape analysis reveals at least eight quantitative statistical parameters (descriptors) characterizing the [Ca2+]i distribution within the observed tissue volume. To this end, the [Ca2+]-sensitive 19F MRS resonance is transformed into a [Ca2+]i curve. Subsequently, the digital points of this [Ca2+]i profile are used to build a histogram using dedicated algorithms. The following statistical descriptors are computed from this histogram: weighted mean and median, standard deviation, range, mode(s), kurtosis, skewness, and entropy. Our new method is thoroughly validated through in silico and experimental models. The potential of combining statistical [Ca2+] information with spatial resolution is demonstrated by simulated statistical CSI maps. This proof of principle should form the basis of future in vivo studies in physiology and medicine, notably in heart and muscle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert W Lutz
- Aix-Marseille Univ, School of Medicine, CRMBM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, F-13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, School of Medicine, CRMBM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, F-13005 Marseille, France.
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Bierwagen A, Begovatz P, Nowotny P, Markgraf D, Nowotny B, Koliaki C, Giani G, Klüppelholz B, Lundbom J, Roden M. Characterization of the peak at 2.06 ppm in (31) P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human liver: phosphoenolpyruvate or phosphatidylcholine? NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:898-905. [PMID: 26010913 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High field MR scanners can resolve a metabolite resonating at 2.06 ppm in the in vivo proton-decoupled liver (31) P MR spectrum. Traditionally this peak has been assigned to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the key metabolite for gluconeogenesis. However, recent evidence supported the assignment to biliary phosphatidylcholine (PtdCh), which is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. To elucidate the respective contributions of PtdCh and PEP to the in vivo resonance at 2.06 ppm (PEP-PtdCh), we made phantom measurements that confirmed that both biliary PtdCh and PEP resonate approximately at 2 ppm. The absolute quantification of PEP-PtdCh yielded concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 mmol/l, with mean coefficients of variation of 4.8% for intraday and 7.2% for interday reproducibility in healthy volunteers. The T1 relaxation time of PEP-PtdCh was 0.97 ± 0.30 s in the liver and 0.44 ± 0.11 s in the gallbladder. Ingestion of a mixed meal decreased the concentration of PtdCh-PEP by approximately 12%. In the retrospective analysis, PEP-PtdCh was 68% higher in the liver of subjects with gallbladder infiltration of the volume of interest (VOI) compared with those without gallbladder infiltration. PEP-PtdCh was also significantly higher in the liver of cholecystectomy patients compared with volunteers without gallbladder infiltration, which suggests increased intrahepatic bile fluid as a compensation for gall bladder removal. These results show that liver PtdCh is the major component of the resonance at 2.06 ppm and that careful VOI positioning is mandatory to avoid interference from the gallbladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bierwagen
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Begovatz
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chrysi Koliaki
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Giani
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Klüppelholz
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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McIntyre DJO, Madhu B, Lee SH, Griffiths JR. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cancer metabolism and response to therapy. Radiat Res 2012; 177:398-435. [PMID: 22401303 DOI: 10.1667/rr2903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows noninvasive in vivo measurements of biochemical information from living systems, ranging from cultured cells through experimental animals to humans. Studies of biopsies or extracts offer deeper insights by detecting more metabolites and resolving metabolites that cannot be distinguished in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of certain drugs, especially fluorinated drugs, can be directly measured in vivo. This review briefly describes these methods and their applications to cancer metabolism, including glycolysis, hypoxia, bioenergetics, tumor pH, and tumor responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J O McIntyre
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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Morikawa S, Inubushi T, Morita M, Murakami K, Masuda C, Maki JI, Tooyama I. Fluorine-19 fast recovery fast spin echo imaging for mapping 5-fluorouracil. Magn Reson Med Sci 2008; 6:235-40. [PMID: 18239361 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.6.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of fast recovery (FR) to increase the sensitivity of fluorine-19 ((19)F) fast spin echo (FSE) in mapping 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its metabolites. We added an additional 90 degrees pulse (which flips back longitudinal magnetization at the end of the sequence) to the chemical shift selective (19)F FSE pulse sequence. In 5-FU solution, FR remarkably improved the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of (19)F 5-FU images, having higher effects with shorter repetition time and smaller echo train numbers. In animal studies, FR produced a conspicuous increase in (19)F signals in the urinary bladder. FR effects for (19)F signals in the liver were smaller than those in other organs but still substantial. Utilization of FR in (19)F FSE images promises more sensitive observation of (19)F metabolite maps of 5-FU and other (19)F-containing compounds that have relatively long relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Morikawa
- Biomedical MR Science Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan.
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Cron GO, Beghein N, Ansiaux R, Martinive P, Feron O, Gallez B. 19F NMR in vivo spectroscopy reflects the effectiveness of perfusion-enhancing vascular modifiers for improving gemcitabine chemotherapy. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:19-27. [PMID: 18050344 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of fluorine-19 ((19)F NMR) has proven useful for evaluating kinetics of fluorinated chemotherapy drugs in tumors in vivo. This work investigated how three perfusion-enhancing vascular modifiers (BQ123, thalidomide, and Botulinum neurotoxin type A [BoNT-A]) would affect the chemotherapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine, a fluorinated drug widely used in human cancer treatment. Murine tumor growth experiments demonstrated that only BoNT-A showed a strong trend to enhance tumor growth inhibition by gemcitabine (1.7 days growth delay, P = 0.052, Student t-test). In accord with these results, (19)F NMR experiments showed that only BoNT-A increased significantly the uptake of gemcitabine in tumors (50% increase, P = 0.0008, Student t-test). Further experiments on gemcitabine kinetics (NMR vs time) and distribution ((19)F MRI) confirmed the uptake-enhancing properties of BoNT-A. The results of this study demonstrate that (19)F NMR can monitor modulation of the pharmacokinetics of fluorinated chemotherapy drugs in tumors. The results also show that (19)F NMR data can give a strong indication of the effectiveness of perfusion-enhancing vascular modifiers for improving gemcitabine chemotherapy in murine tumors. (19)F NMR is a promising tool for preclinical evaluation of such vascular modifiers and may ultimately be used in the clinic to monitor how these modifiers affect chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg O Cron
- Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance and Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL, Brussels, Belgium
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Klomp D, van Laarhoven H, Scheenen T, Kamm Y, Heerschap A. Quantitative 19F MR spectroscopy at 3 T to detect heterogeneous capecitabine metabolism in human liver. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2007; 20:485-92. [PMID: 17131325 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy in non-responding cancer patients leads to unnecessary toxicity. A marker is therefore required that can predict the sensitivity of a specific tumour to chemotherapy, which would enable individualisation of therapy. 19F MR spectroscopy (19F MRS) can be used to monitor the metabolism of fluorinated drugs. The aim of this study was to develop a method for quantified localised detection of fluorinated compounds in human liver. For this purpose, sensitivity-optimised localised 19F MRS methods at 3 T were used to detect MR signals from capecitabine, 5'DFUR, 5'DFCR and FBAL after oral intake of capecitabine. As the radio-frequency (rf) coil is made tuneable to 19F and 1H, the same localisation method is applied to obtain 1H MR signals of water and of the 19F metabolites. In addition, T1 measurements have been performed to correct for measurement-induced saturation effects. Finally, absolute tissue concentrations of capecitabine metabolites were obtained in vivo, which revealed a substantial spatial heterogeneity of these metabolites in human liver after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Klomp
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical Centre, Radiology, The Netherlands.
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Leach MO. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the investigation of cancer at The Royal Marsden Hospital and The Institute of Cancer Research. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51:R61-82. [PMID: 16790921 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/r05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Developments in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at The Royal Marsden Hospital and The Institute of Cancer Research are reviewed in the context of preceding developments in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and MRS, and some of the early developments in this field, particularly those leading to human measurements. The early development of technology, and associated techniques for human measurement and assessment will be discussed, with particular reference to experience at out institutions. Applications using particular nuclei will then be described and related to other experimental work where appropriate. Contributions to the development of MRS that have been published in Physics in Medicine and Biology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Leach
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
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Workman P, Aboagye EO, Chung YL, Griffiths JR, Hart R, Leach MO, Maxwell RJ, McSheehy PMJ, Price PM, Zweit J. Minimally invasive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic technologies in hypothesis-testing clinical trials of innovative therapies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:580-98. [PMID: 16670384 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of new cancer drugs should ideally include measurements of parameters such as molecular target expression, pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior, and pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints that can be linked to measures of clinical effect. Appropriate PK/PD biomarkers facilitate proof-of-concept demonstrations for target modulation; enhance the rational selection of an optimal drug dose and schedule; aid decision-making, such as whether to continue or close a drug development project; and may explain or predict clinical outcomes. In addition, measurement of PK/PD biomarkers can minimize uncertainty associated with predicting drug safety and efficacy, reduce the high levels of drug attrition during development, accelerate drug approval, and decrease the overall costs of drug development. However, there are many challenges in the development and implementation of biomarkers that probably explain their disappointingly low implementation in phase I trials. The Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic Technologies Advisory committee of Cancer Research UK has found that submissions for phase I trials of new cancer drugs in the United Kingdom often lack detailed information about PK and/or PD endpoints, which leads to suboptimal information being obtained in those trials or to delays in starting the trials while PK/PD methods are developed and validated. Minimally invasive PK/PD technologies have logistic and ethical advantages over more invasive technologies. Here we review these technologies, emphasizing magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography, which provide detailed functional and metabolic information. Assays that measure effects of drugs on important biologic pathways and processes are likely to be more cost-effective than those that measure specific molecular targets. Development, validation, and implementation of minimally invasive PK/PD methods are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
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van Laarhoven HWM, Punt CJA, Kamm YJL, Heerschap A. Monitoring fluoropyrimidine metabolism in solid tumors with in vivo (19)F magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005; 56:321-43. [PMID: 15982898 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(19)Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((19)F MRS) offers unique possibilities for monitoring the pharmacokinetics of fluoropyrimidines in vivo in tumors and normal tissue in a non-invasive way, both in animals and in patients. This method may therefore be useful for predicting response to fluoropyrimidine-based therapy with or without the effects of modulating agents, and this may be of value for the individualization of anticancer therapy and the strategic development of new anticancer drugs. (19)F MRS has been very valuable in elucidating the basic aspects of fluoropyrimidine metabolism, especially in animal studies. Studies in humans have indicated its clinical potential, but widespread application has been hampered by the relatively low detection sensitivity of the method. The recent introduction of clinical MR scanners with magnetic fields above 1.5 T may stimulate increased clinical use of (19)F MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology 550, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O. Box, 9101 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Payne GS, Collins DJ, Loynds P, Mould G, Murphy PS, Dzik-Jurasz ASK, Kessar P, Haque N, Yamaguchi M, Atarashi S, Leach MO. Quantitative assessment of the hepatic pharmacokinetics of the antimicrobial sitafloxacin in humans using in vivoF magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59:244-8. [PMID: 15676049 PMCID: PMC1884756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To measure hepatic concentrations of the fluorine-containing antimicrobial, sitafloxacin, using in vivo(19)F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS Data were acquired from eight healthy subjects at 2, 5, 8 and 24 h following doses of 500 mg day(-1) for 5 days using a (1)H/(19)F surface coil in a 1.5T clinical MR system. Tissue water was used as a reference. RESULTS Estimated liver concentrations at 2 h were 15.0 +/- 4.0 microg ml(-1) (mean +/- 95% CI), compared with 3.54 +/- 0.58 microg ml(-1) in plasma (n = 6), and fell below threshold concentrations (2 microg ml(-1)) by 24 h. CONCLUSIONS (19)F MRS is able to detect and quantify sitafloxacin in the liver. There was no evidence for the hepatic retention of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Payne
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
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Payne GS, Dzik-Jurasz ASK, Mancini L, Nutley B, Raynaud F, Leach MO. Identification of biliary metabolites of ifosfamide using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:409-14. [PMID: 15877229 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-005-1023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biliary excretion is a significant component in the metabolism of many drugs, but remains difficult to detect and characterise non-invasively. A previous publication recently described the detection of metabolites of ifosfamide in gall bladder in a guinea pig model using in vivo 1H-decoupled 31P 3-D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and a clinical 1.5 T MR scanner.. Here high-resolution 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of extracted bile identifies peaks as parent ifosfamide (1.19+/-1.47 mM; mean+/-sd), carboxyifosfamide (2.04+/-1.04 mM) and a major contribution from a previously unreported peak at 16.0 ppm (4.05+/-2.38 mM). The unknown resonance was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) as the glutathione conjugate of ifosfamide (MW=531). This was confirmed by analysing products from the reaction of glutathione with ifosfamide using LCMS and MRS. These results demonstrate how combined in vivo and analytical MRS, together with mass spectrometry, can help identify visceral routes of drug metabolism, thereby aiding understanding of +/-drug disposition and mechanisms of action and toxicity. In particular, the distribution of ifosfamide and its metabolites into bile may be related to oxazophosphorine-related cholecystitis reported in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Payne
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Royal Marsden NHS Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM25PT, UK.
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Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that manifests in loss of normal cellular homeostatic mechanisms. The biology and therapeutic modulation of neoplasia occurs at the molecular level. An understanding of these molecular processes is therefore required to develop novel prognostic and early biomarkers of response. In addition to clinical applications, increased impetus for the development of such technologies has been catalysed by pharmaceutical companies investing in the development of molecular therapies. The discipline of molecular imaging therefore aims to image these important molecular processes in vivo. Molecular processes, however, operate at short length scales and concentrations typically beyond the resolution of clinical imaging. Solving these issues will be a challenge to imaging research. The successful implementations of molecular imaging in man will only be realised by the close co-operation amongst molecular biologists, chemists and the imaging scientists.
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Dzik-Jurasz A. The development and application of functional nuclear magnetic resonance toin vivotherapeutic anticancer research. Br J Radiol 2004; 77:296-307. [PMID: 15107319 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/95415645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A little over 30 years ago, Sir Godfrey Hounsfield and his colleagues revolutionized medical imaging by developing CT scanning. In recent years a combination of improved technology and a deeper understanding of tumour biology have led to the development of imaging based strategies aimed at interrogating tissue structure and function. The prospects of this new technology include the prediction of tumour response and the non-invasive study of conventionally inaccessible yet important pharmacological compartments. This article explores how functional nuclear MRI and spectroscopy have been used in predicting response to anticancer therapy in rectal cancers and to assess the biliary excretion of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dzik-Jurasz
- The Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
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Prescot AP, Collins DJ, Leach MO, Dzik-Jurasz ASK. Human Gallbladder Bile: Noninvasive Investigation in Vivo with Single-Voxel1H MR Spectroscopy. Radiology 2003; 229:587-92. [PMID: 14526094 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2292021156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Proton (hydrogen 1) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy was used to study model and porcine bile in vitro. The method was subsequently developed to facilitate the acquisition of in vivo 1H MR spectra from the gallbladder bile of 10 human volunteers. Signals attributable to phosphotidylcholine and conjugated bile acid protons were observed in eight of the 10 volunteers. Phosphotidylcholine concentrations were estimated, and five values (mean = 35.8 mmol/L, SD = 9.8) were within the expected range of levels in human bile. Findings in this preliminary investigation indicate that human gallbladder bile can be qualitatively and quantitatively studied noninvasively with 1H MR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Prescot
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, England, UK
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16
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Klomp DWJ, Van Laarhoven HWM, Kentgens APM, Heerschap A. Optimization of localized 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the detection of fluorinated drugs in the human liver. Magn Reson Med 2003; 50:303-8. [PMID: 12876706 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine MR spectroscopy ((19)F MRS) is an indispensable tool for assessing the pharmacokinetics of fluorinated drugs. Since the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), a frequently used cytotoxic drug, is expected to be different in normal liver and in tumor tissue, spatial localization is required for detection by MRS. In this study, three independent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) optimizations were combined to enable chemical shift imaging (CSI) as a localization method in the detection of 5FU and its metabolites in tumor tissue. First, the hardware was optimized by using circularly polarized coils together with integrated preamplifiers. Second, the optimal pulse angle (Ernst angle) was determined on the basis of T(1) relaxation time measurements of 5FU. Finally, averaging of CSI phase-encoding steps was optimized by using the applied Hamming filter as a weighting function. The combination of these three methods enables the in vivo detection of 5FU and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL) by (19)F MRS, localized in three dimensions in tumor and liver tissue at a time resolution of 4 min at 1.5 Tesla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Dzik-Jurasz ASK, Prescot AP, Leach MO, Collins DJ. Non-invasive study of human gall bladder bile in vivo using (1)H-MR spectroscopy. Br J Radiol 2003; 76:483-6. [PMID: 12857709 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/30212020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The sampling of gall bladder bile for analytical studies remains an invasive procedure. We demonstrate the application of the non-invasive methodology of (1)H-MR spectroscopy to the qualitative and quantitative assessment of human gall bladder bile in vivo. Spectral profiles in vivo are shown in relation to model and porcine gall bladder bile and the quantitation in man of the trimethylamine (choline) and lecithin concentrations were estimated to range from 25.9 mM to 48.4 mM (mean: 35.8 mM, standard deviation: 9.8). The composition of human gall bladder bile together with the quantitation of various constituents can be studied non-invasively in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S K Dzik-Jurasz
- The Cancer Research UK Clinical MR Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
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Wennerberg AB, Jonsson T, Forssberg H, Li TQ. Current awareness in NMR in biomedicine. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2001; 14:48-53. [PMID: 11252040 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of NMR in biomedicine. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Books, Reviews ' Symposia; 2 General; 3 Technology; 4 Brain and Nerves; 5 Neuropathology; 6 Cancer; 7 Cardiac, Vascular and Respiratory Systems; 8 Liver, Kidney and Other Organs; 9 Muscle and Orthopaedic. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Wennerberg
- Department of KARO, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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