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Elucidation of the primary structure and molecular modeling of Parkia pendula lectin and in vitro evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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2
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Fondrie WE, Noble WS. Machine Learning Strategy That Leverages Large Data sets to Boost Statistical Power in Small-Scale Experiments. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1267-1274. [PMID: 32009418 PMCID: PMC8455073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning methods have proven invaluable for increasing the sensitivity of peptide detection in proteomics experiments. Most modern tools, such as Percolator and PeptideProphet, use semi-supervised algorithms to learn models directly from the datasets that they analyze. Although these methods are effective for many proteomics experiments, we suspected that they may be suboptimal for experiments of smaller scale. In this work, we found that the power and consistency of Percolator results was reduced as the size of the experiment was decreased. As an alternative, we propose a different operating mode for Percolator: learn a model with Percolator from a large dataset and use the learned model to evaluate the small-scale experiment. We call this a “static modeling” approach, in contrast to Percolator’s usual “dynamic model” that is trained anew for each dataset. We applied this static modeling approach to two settings: small, gel-based experiments and single-cell proteomics. In both cases, static models increased the yield of detected peptides and eliminated the model-induced variability of the standard dynamic approach. These results suggest that static models are a powerful tool for bringing the full benefits of Percolator and other semi-supervised algorithms to small-scale experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Fondrie
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5065, United States
| | - William S Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5065, United States.,Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5065, United States
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3
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Cormier N, McGlone JJ, Leszyk J, Hardy DM. Immunocontraceptive target repertoire defined by systematic identification of sperm membrane alloantigens in a single species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190891. [PMID: 29342175 PMCID: PMC5771590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm competence in animal fertilization requires the collective activities of numerous sperm-specific proteins that are typically alloimmunogenic in females. Consequently, sperm membrane alloantigens are potential targets for contraceptives that act by blocking the proteins' functions in gamete interactions. Here we used a targeted proteomics approach to identify the major alloantigens in swine sperm membranes and lipid rafts, and thereby systematically defined the repertoire of these sperm-specific proteins in a single species. Gilts with high alloantibody reactivity to proteins in sperm membranes or lipid rafts produced fewer offspring (73% decrease) than adjuvant-only or nonimmune control animals. Alloantisera recognized more than 20 potentially unique sperm membrane proteins and five sperm lipid raft proteins resolved on two-dimensional immunoblots with or without prior enrichment by anion exchange chromatography. Dominant sperm membrane alloantigens identified by mass spectrometry included the ADAMs fertilin α, fertilin ß, and cyritestin. Less abundant alloantigens included ATP synthase F1 β subunit, myo-inositol monophosphatase-1, and zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein-2. Immunodominant sperm lipid raft alloantigens included SAMP14, lymphocyte antigen 6K, and the epididymal sperm protein E12. Of the fifteen unique membrane alloantigens identified, eleven were known sperm-specific proteins with uncertain functions in fertilization, and four were not previously suspected to exist as sperm-specific isoforms. De novo sequences of tryptic peptides from sperm membrane alloantigen "M6" displayed no evident homology to known proteins, so is a newly discovered sperm-specific gene product in swine. We conclude that alloimmunizing gilts with sperm membranes or lipid rafts evokes formation of antibodies to a relatively small number of dominant alloantigens that include known and novel sperm-specific proteins with possible functions in fertilization and potential utility as targets for immunocontraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Cormier
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - John J. McGlone
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Leszyk
- Proteomic and Mass Spectrometry Facility and Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Hardy
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Raberg M, Volodina E, Lin K, Steinbüchel A. Ralstonia eutrophaH16 in progress: Applications beside PHAs and establishment as production platform by advanced genetic tools. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:494-510. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1369933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Raberg
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Volodina
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kaichien Lin
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Hentschker C, Dewald C, Otto A, Büttner K, Hecker M, Becher D. Global quantification of phosphoproteins combining metabolic labeling and gel-based proteomics in B. pumilus. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:334-343. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hentschker
- Department of Microbial Proteomics; Institute for Microbiology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Carolin Dewald
- Chair of Materials Science; Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Department of Microbial Proteomics; Institute for Microbiology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Knut Büttner
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology; Institute for Microbiology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology; Institute for Microbiology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics; Institute for Microbiology; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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Skinner WS, Phinney BS, Herren A, Goodstal FJ, Dicely I, Facciotti D. Using LC-MS Based Methods for Testing the Digestibility of a Nonpurified Transgenic Membrane Protein in Simulated Gastric Fluid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5251-5259. [PMID: 27255301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The digestibility of a nonpurified transgenic membrane protein was determined in pepsin, as part of the food safety evaluation of its resistance to digestion and allergenic potential. Delta-6-desaturase from Saprolegnia diclina, a transmembrane protein expressed in safflower for the production of gamma linolenic acid in the seed, could not be obtained in a pure, native form as normally required for this assay. As a novel approach, the endoplasmic reticulum isolated from immature seeds was digested in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and the degradation of delta-6-desaturase was selectively followed by SDS-PAGE and targeted LC-MS/MS quantification using stable isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards. The digestion of delta-6-desaturase by SGF was shown to be both rapid and complete. Less than 10% of the initial amount of D6D remained intact after 30 s, and no fragments large enough (>3 kDa) to elicit a type I allergenic response remained after 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne S Skinner
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California , Room 1414 GBSF, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anthony Herren
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California , Room 1414 GBSF, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Floyd J Goodstal
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Isabel Dicely
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Daniel Facciotti
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
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Chaurand P, Schwartz SA, Reyzer ML, Caprioli RM. Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Potentials. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 33:92-101. [PMID: 15805060 DOI: 10.1080/01926230590881862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Direct tissue profiling and imaging mass spectrometry (MS) allow for detailed mapping of the complex protein pattern across a tissue sample. Utilization of these tools provides spatial information across a tissue section for target protein expression and can be used to correlate changes in expression levels with specific disease states or drug response. Protein patterns can be directly correlated to known histological regions within the tissue, allowing for the direct monitoring of proteins specific for morphological regions within a tissue sample. Profiling and imaging MS have been used to characterize multiple tissues, including human gliomas and lung cancers, as well as tumor response to specific therapeutics, suggesting the use of proteomic information in assessing disease progression as well as predicting patient response to specific treatments. This article discusses both the technology and methods involved in analyzing proteins directly from tissue samples as well as several MS applications, including profiling human tumors, characterizing protein differences between tumor grades, and monitoring protein changes due to drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Chaurand
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
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Abstract
Efficient fractionation of peptides is an essential prerequisite for comprehensive analysis of complex protein mixtures by shotgun mass spectrometry. The separation of peptides by isoelectric focusing is particularly attractive due to its orthogonality to reverse-phase HPLC. Here, we present a protocol for in-gel peptide isoelectric focusing using immobilized pH gradient strips. The method shows high resolving power for up to 1 mg of sample and is highly reproducible.
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Abstract
A major aim of present-day proteomics is to study changes in protein expression levels at a global level, ideally monitoring all proteins present in cells or tissue. Mass spectrometry is a well-respected technology in proteomics that is widely used for the identification of proteins. More recently, methodologies have been introduced showing that mass spectrometry can also be used for protein quantification. This article reviews various mass spectrometry-based technologies in quantitative proteomics, highlighting several interesting applications in areas ranging from cell biology to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J R Heck
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Sparre T, Bergholdt R, Nerup J, Pociot F. Application of genomics and proteomics in Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis research. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 3:743-57. [PMID: 14628902 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.3.6.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a polygenic, multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by selective and irreversible destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. An exogenous supply of insulin is required to sustain life after the onset of Type 1 diabetes. Despite decades of intensive research into its pathogenesis, no single gene or protein has been found to be responsible for Type 1 diabetes. This review will describe the use of large-scale genomics and proteomics in studying the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes, and will discuss future directions of research in the field.
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11
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A perspective on proteomics in cell biology. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:257-64. [PMID: 24284280 PMCID: PMC3989996 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic strategies facilitate system-wide analyses of protein complexes. Isotope labelling allows quantitative measurement of protein properties, not only their identification. There is a major need to organise effective community sharing of the proteomic data mountain. The integration of proteomic data with other online data repositories must be improved.
During the past 15 years mass spectrometry (MS)-based analyses have become established as the method of choice for direct protein identification and measurement. Owing to the remarkable improvements in the sensitivity and resolution of MS instruments, this technology has revolutionised the opportunities available for the system-wide characterisation of proteins, with wide applications across virtually the whole of cell biology. In this article we provide a perspective on the current state of the art and discuss how the future of cell biology research may benefit from further developments and applications in the field of MS and proteomics, highlighting the major challenges ahead for the community in organising the effective sharing and integration of the resulting data mountain.
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12
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Liu F, Ye M, Wang C, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Qin H, Cheng K, Zou H. Polyacrylamide Gel with Switchable Trypsin Activity for Analysis of Proteins. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7024-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4017693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Liu
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengyan Hu
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Parthasarathy RN, Lakshmanan J, Thangavel M, Seelan RS, Stagner JI, Janckila AJ, Vadnal RE, Casanova MF, Parthasarathy LK. Rat brain myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase is a phosphoprotein. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 378:83-9. [PMID: 23504145 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of lithium in bipolar disorder are poorly understood. Lithium decreases free inositol levels by inhibiting inositol monophosphatase 1 and myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (IPS). In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that IPS can be phosphorylated. This was evident when purified rat IPS was dephosphorylated by lambda protein phosphatase and analyzed by phospho-specific ProQ-Diamond staining and Western blot analysis. These techniques demonstrated a mobility shift consistent with IPS being phosphorylated. Mass spectral analysis revealed that Serine-524 (S524), which resides in the hinge region derived from exon 11 of the gene, is the site for phosphorylation. Further, an antibody generated against a synthetic peptide of IPS containing monophosphorylated-S524, was able to discriminate the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of IPS. The phosphoprotein is found in the brain and testis, but not in the intestine. The intestinal IPS isoform lacks the peptide bearing S524, and hence, cannot be phosphorylated. Evidences suggest that IPS is monophosphorylated at S524 and that the removal of this phosphate does not alter its enzymatic activity. These observations suggest a novel function for IPS in brain and other tissues. Future studies should resolve the functional role of phospho-IPS in brain inositol signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Parthasarathy
- Molecular Neuroscience and Bioinformatics Laboratories, Mental Health, Behavioral Science and Research Services, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA.
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Saha P, Das D, Roy S, Chakrabarti A, Sen Raychaudhuri S. Effect of gamma irradiation on metallothionein protein expression in Plantago ovata Forsk. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:88-96. [PMID: 23020665 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.734940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of gamma rays on metallothionein (MT) expression was studied using the medicinal plant Plantago ovata as the test system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used for this purpose. RESULTS Western blot analysis showed significant induction of metallothionein protein following gamma exposure and that induction was highest at 20 Gy gamma dose. At higher gamma doses (100 Gy) MT expression level declined due to degeneration of cells. MALDI-TOF MS analysis indicated the presence of low molecular weight (7-8 kD) MT molecules following the lower radiation doses. CONCLUSION It was concluded from the MALDI-TOF MS result that low gamma exposure leads to expression of MT-like protein. At high doses of gamma ray, MT homologues or MT-like protein were not identified, possibly because they might have precipitated due to uncontrolled cross-linking and non-specific aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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15
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Mass spectrometry imaging is moving toward drug protein co-localization. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:466-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Autotrophic production of stable-isotope-labeled arginine in Ralstonia eutropha strain H16. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7884-90. [PMID: 22941075 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01972-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of improving industrial-scale production of stable-isotope (SI)-labeled arginine, we have developed a system for the heterologous production of the arginine-containing polymer cyanophycin in recombinant strains of Ralstonia eutropha under lithoautotrophic growth conditions. We constructed an expression plasmid based on the cyanophycin synthetase gene (cphA) of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6308 under the control of the strong P(cbbL) promoter of the R. eutropha H16 cbb(c) operon (coding for autotrophic CO(2) fixation). In batch cultures growing on H(2) and CO(2) as sole sources of energy and carbon, respectively, the cyanophycin content of cells reached 5.5% of cell dry weight (CDW). However, in the absence of selection (i.e., in antibiotic-free medium), plasmid loss led to a substantial reduction in yield. We therefore designed a novel addiction system suitable for use under lithoautotrophic conditions. Based on the hydrogenase transcription factor HoxA, this system mediated stabilized expression of cphA during lithoautotrophic cultivation without the need for antibiotics. The maximum yield of cyanophycin was 7.1% of CDW. To test the labeling efficiency of our expression system under actual production conditions, cells were grown in 10-liter-scale fermentations fed with (13)CO(2) and (15)NH(4)Cl, and the (13)C/(15)N-labeled cyanophycin was subsequently extracted by treatment with 0.1 M HCl; 2.5 to 5 g of [(13)C/(15)N]arginine was obtained per fed-batch fermentation, corresponding to isotope enrichments of 98.8% to 99.4%.
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Slade AJ, McGuire C, Loeffler D, Mullenberg J, Skinner W, Fazio G, Holm A, Brandt KM, Steine MN, Goodstal JF, Knauf VC. Development of high amylose wheat through TILLING. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:69. [PMID: 22584013 PMCID: PMC3424102 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat (Triticum spp.) is an important source of food worldwide and the focus of considerable efforts to identify new combinations of genetic diversity for crop improvement. In particular, wheat starch composition is a major target for changes that could benefit human health. Starches with increased levels of amylose are of interest because of the correlation between higher amylose content and elevated levels of resistant starch, which has been shown to have beneficial effects on health for combating obesity and diabetes. TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) is a means to identify novel genetic variation without the need for direct selection of phenotypes. RESULTS Using TILLING to identify novel genetic variation in each of the A and B genomes in tetraploid durum wheat and the A, B and D genomes in hexaploid bread wheat, we have identified mutations in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in starch branching enzyme IIa genes (SBEIIa). Combining these new alleles of SBEIIa through breeding resulted in the development of high amylose durum and bread wheat varieties containing 47-55% amylose and having elevated resistant starch levels compared to wild-type wheat. High amylose lines also had reduced expression of SBEIIa RNA, changes in starch granule morphology and altered starch granule protein profiles as evaluated by mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS We report the use of TILLING to develop new traits in crops with complex genomes without the use of transgenic modifications. Combined mutations in SBEIIa in durum and bread wheat varieties resulted in lines with significantly increased amylose and resistant starch contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Slade
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 410 West Harrison St, Suite 150, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - Cate McGuire
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 202 Cousteau Pl, Suite 200, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Dayna Loeffler
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 410 West Harrison St, Suite 150, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - Jessica Mullenberg
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 410 West Harrison St, Suite 150, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - Wayne Skinner
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 202 Cousteau Pl, Suite 200, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Gia Fazio
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 202 Cousteau Pl, Suite 200, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Aaron Holm
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 410 West Harrison St, Suite 150, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - Kali M Brandt
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 410 West Harrison St, Suite 150, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - Michael N Steine
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 410 West Harrison St, Suite 150, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
| | - John F Goodstal
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 202 Cousteau Pl, Suite 200, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Vic C Knauf
- Arcadia Biosciences, Inc, 410 West Harrison St, Suite 150, Seattle, WA, 98119, USA
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The Role of Proteomics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Women's Cancers: Current Trends in Technology and Future Opportunities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2011; 2011. [PMID: 21886869 PMCID: PMC3163496 DOI: 10.1155/2011/373584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Technological and scientific innovations over the last decade have greatly contributed to improved diagnostics, predictive models, and prognosis among cancers affecting women. In fact, an explosion of information in these areas has almost assured future generations that outcomes in cancer will continue to improve. Herein we discuss the current status of breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers as it relates to screening, disease diagnosis, and treatment options. Among the differences in these cancers, it is striking that breast cancer has multiple predictive tests based upon tumor biomarkers and sophisticated, individualized options for prescription therapeutics while ovarian cancer lacks these tools. In addition, cervical cancer leads the way in innovative, cancer-preventative vaccines and multiple screening options to prevent disease progression. For each of these malignancies, emerging proteomic technologies based upon mass spectrometry, stable isotope labeling with amino acids, high-throughput ELISA, tissue or protein microarray techniques, and click chemistry in the pursuit of activity-based profiling can pioneer the next generation of discovery. We will discuss six of the latest techniques to understand proteomics in cancer and highlight research utilizing these techniques with the goal of improvement in the management of women's cancers.
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Böhmer M, Schroeder JI. Quantitative transcriptomic analysis of abscisic acid-induced and reactive oxygen species-dependent expression changes and proteomic profiling in Arabidopsis suspension cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 67:105-18. [PMID: 21426425 PMCID: PMC3125488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Early rapid changes in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) have been observed at the transcript level, but little is known how these transcript changes translate to changes in protein abundance under the same conditions. Here we have performed a global quantitative analysis of transcript and protein changes in Arabidopsis suspension cells in response to ABA using microarrays and quantitative proteomics. In summary, 3494 transcripts and 50 proteins were significantly regulated by ABA over a treatment period of 20-24 h. Abscisic acid also caused a rapid and strong increase in production of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an average half-rise time of 33 sec. A subset of ABA-regulated transcripts were differentially regulated in the presence of the ROS scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU) as compared with ABA alone, suggesting a role for ROS in the regulation of these ABA-induced genes. Transcript changes showed an overall poor correlation to protein changes (r = 0.66). Only a subset of genes was regulated at the transcript and protein level, including known ABA marker genes. We furthermore identified ABA regulation of proteins that function in a branch of glucosinolate catabolism previously not associated with ABA signaling. The discovery of genes that were differentially regulated at the transcript and at the protein level emphasizes the strength of our combined approach. In summary, our dataset not only expands previous studies on gene and protein regulation in response to ABA, but rather uncovers unique aspects of the ABA regulon and gives rise to additional mechanisms regulated by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Böhmer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
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20
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Taverna D, Nanney LB, Pollins AC, Sindona G, Caprioli R. Spatial mapping by imaging mass spectrometry offers advancements for rapid definition of human skin proteomic signatures. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:642-7. [PMID: 21545539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into the human skin proteome by classical analytical procedures have not addressed spatial molecular distributions in whole-skin biopsies. The aim of this study was to develop methods for the detection of protein signatures and their spatial disposition in human skin using advanced molecular imaging technology based on mass spectrometry technologies. This technology allows for the generation of protein images at specific molecular weight values without the use of antibody while maintaining tissue architecture. Two experimental approaches were employed: MALDI-MS profiling, where mass spectra were taken from discrete locations based on histology, and MALDI-IMS imaging, where complete molecular images were obtained at various MW values. In addition, proteins were identified by in situ tryptic digestion, sequence analysis of the fragment peptides and protein database searching. We have detected patterns of protein differences that exist between epidermis and dermis as well as subtle regional differences between the papillary and reticular dermis. Furthermore, we were able to detect proteins that are constitutive features of human skin as well as those associated with unique markers of individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Taverna
- Department of Chemistry, Universita' della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cs, Italy
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21
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Zhang D, Liu H, Zhang S, Chen X, Li S, Zhang C, Hu X, Bi K, Chen X, Jiang Y. An effective method for de novo peptide sequencing based on phosphorylation strategy and mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 84:614-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Mrozik KM, Zilm PS, Bagley CJ, Hack S, Hoffmann P, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Proteomic characterization of mesenchymal stem cell-like populations derived from ovine periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and bone marrow: analysis of differentially expressed proteins. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 19:1485-99. [PMID: 20050811 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal mesenchymal stem/stromal-like cells (MSCs) including periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. Despite their similar expression of MSC-associated and osteoblastic markers, MSCs retain the capacity to generate structures resembling the microenvironments from which they are derived in vivo and represent a promising therapy for the regeneration of complex tissues in the clinical setting. With this in mind, systematic approaches are required to identify the differential protein expression patterns responsible for lineage commitment and mediating the formation of these complex structures. This is the first study to compare the differential proteomic expression profiles of ex vivo-expanded ovine PDLSCs, DPSCs, and BMSCs derived from an individual donor. The two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed and regulated proteins were identified by liquid chromatography--electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS), database searching, and de novo sequencing. In total, 58 proteins were differentially expressed between at least 2 MSC populations in both sheep, 12 of which were up-regulated in one MSC population relative to the other two. In addition, the regulation of selected proteins was also conserved between equivalent human MSC populations. We anticipate that differential protein expression profiling will provide a basis for elucidating the protein expression patterns and molecular cues that are crucial in specifying the characteristic growth and developmental capacity of dental and non-dental tissue-derived MSC populations. These expression patterns can serve as important tools for the regeneration of particular tissues in future stem cell-based tissue engineering studies using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Helsens K, Martens L, Vandekerckhove J, Gevaert K. Mass spectrometry-driven proteomics: an introduction. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 753:1-27. [PMID: 21604112 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-148-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are reckoned to be the key actors in a living organism. By studying proteins, one engages into deciphering a complex series of events occurring during a protein's life span. This starts at the creation of a protein, which is tightly controlled on both a transcriptional (Williams and Tyler, 2007, Curr Opin Genet Dev 17, 88-93) and a translational level (Van Der Kelen et al., 2009, Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 44, 143-168). During translation, a primary strand of amino acids undergoes a complex folding process in order to obtain a native three-dimensional protein structure (Gross et al., 2003, Cell 115, 739-750). Proteins take on a plethora of functions, such as complex formation, receptor activity, and signal transduction, which ultimately adds up to a cellular phenotype. Consequently, protein analysis is of major interest in molecular biology and involves annotating their presence and localization, as well as their modification state and biochemical context. To accomplish this, many methods have been developed over the last decades, and their general principles and important recent advances in large-scale protein analysis or proteomics are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Helsens
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Seal BS, Fouts DE, Simmons M, Garrish JK, Kuntz RL, Woolsey R, Schegg KM, Kropinski AM, Ackermann HW, Siragusa GR. Clostridium perfringens bacteriophages ΦCP39O and ΦCP26F: genomic organization and proteomic analysis of the virions. Arch Virol 2011; 156:25-35. [PMID: 20963614 PMCID: PMC4127328 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poultry intestinal material, sewage and poultry processing drainage water were screened for virulent Clostridium perfringens bacteriophages. Viruses isolated from broiler chicken offal washes (O) and poultry feces (F), designated ΦCP39O and ΦCP26F, respectively, produced clear plaques on host strains. Both bacteriophages had isometric heads of 57 nm in diameter with 100-nm non-contractile tails characteristic of members of the family Siphoviridae in the order Caudovirales. The double-strand DNA genome of bacteriophage ΦCP39O was 38,753 base pairs (bp), while the ΦCP26F genome was 39,188 bp, with an average GC content of 30.3%. Both viral genomes contained 62 potential open reading frames (ORFs) predicted to be encoded on one strand. Among the ORFs, 29 predicted proteins had no known similarity while others encoded putative bacteriophage capsid components such as a pre-neck/appendage, tail, tape measure and portal proteins. Other genes encoded a predicted DNA primase, single-strand DNA-binding protein, terminase, thymidylate synthase and a transcription factor. Potential lytic enzymes such as a fibronectin-binding autolysin, an amidase/hydrolase and a holin were encoded in the viral genomes. Several ORFs encoded proteins that gave BLASTP matches with proteins from Clostridium spp. and other Gram-positive bacterial and bacteriophage genomes as well as unknown putative Collinsella aerofaciens proteins. Proteomics analysis of the purified viruses resulted in the identification of the putative pre-neck/appendage protein and a minor structural protein encoded by large open reading frames. Variants of the portal protein were identified, and several mycobacteriophage gp6-like protein variants were detected in large amounts relative to other virion proteins. The predicted amino acid sequences of the pre-neck/appendage proteins had major differences in the central portion of the protein between the two phage gene products. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the large terminase protein, these phages are predicted to be pac-type, using a head-full DNA packaging strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Seal
- Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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25
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Gómez-Requeni P, Conceição LEC, Olderbakk Jordal AE, Rønnestad I. A reference growth curve for nutritional experiments in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and changes in whole body proteome during development. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:1199-1215. [PMID: 20432063 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is one of the most used vertebrate model organisms in molecular and developmental biology, recently gaining popularity also in medical research. However, very little work has been done to assess zebrafish as a model species in nutritional studies in aquaculture in order to utilize the methodological toolbox that this species represents. As a starting point to acquire some baseline data for further nutritional studies, growth of a population of zebrafish was followed for 15 weeks. Furthermore, whole body proteome was screened during development by means of bi-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Fish were reared under best practice laboratory conditions from hatching until 103 days post-fertilization (dpf) and regularly fed ad libitum with Artemia nauplii from 12 dpf. A growth burst occurred within 9-51 dpf, reaching a plateau after 65 dpf. Fork length and body weight were significantly lower in males than in females from 58 dpf onwards. Proteomics analysis showed 28 spot proteins differently expressed through development and according to sex. Of these proteins, 20 were successfully identified revealing proteins involved in energy production, muscle development, eye lens differentiation, and sexual maturation. In summary, zebrafish exhibited a rapid growth until approximately 50 dpf, when most individuals started to allocate part of the dietary energy intake for sexual maturation. However, proteomic analysis revealed that some individuals reached sexual maturity earlier and already from 30 dpf onwards. Thus, in order to design nutritional studies with zebrafish fed Artemia nauplii, it is recommended to select a period between 20 and 40 dpf, when fish allocate most of the ingested energy for non-reproductive growth purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Requeni
- Department of Biology, High Technology Center, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
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26
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Lewis LA, Ngampasutadol J, Wallace R, Reid JEA, Vogel U, Ram S. The meningococcal vaccine candidate neisserial surface protein A (NspA) binds to factor H and enhances meningococcal resistance to complement. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001027. [PMID: 20686663 PMCID: PMC2912398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement forms an important arm of innate immunity against invasive meningococcal infections. Binding of the alternative complement pathway inhibitor factor H (fH) to fH-binding protein (fHbp) is one mechanism meningococci employ to limit complement activation on the bacterial surface. fHbp is a leading vaccine candidate against group B Neisseria meningitidis. Novel mechanisms that meningococci employ to bind fH could undermine the efficacy of fHbp-based vaccines. We observed that fHbp deletion mutants of some meningococcal strains showed residual fH binding suggesting the presence of a second receptor for fH. Ligand overlay immunoblotting using membrane fractions from one such strain showed that fH bound to a ∼17 kD protein, identified by MALDI-TOF analysis as Neisserial surface protein A (NspA), a meningococcal vaccine candidate whose function has not been defined. Deleting nspA, in the background of fHbp deletion mutants, abrogated fH binding and mAbs against NspA blocked fH binding, confirming NspA as a fH binding molecule on intact bacteria. NspA expression levels vary among strains and expression correlated with the level of fH binding; over-expressing NspA enhanced fH binding to bacteria. Progressive truncation of the heptose (Hep) I chain of lipooligosaccharide (LOS), or sialylation of lacto-N-neotetraose LOS both increased fH binding to NspA-expressing meningococci, while expression of capsule reduced fH binding to the strains tested. Similar to fHbp, binding of NspA to fH was human-specific and occurred through fH domains 6–7. Consistent with its ability to bind fH, deleting NspA increased C3 deposition and resulted in increased complement-dependent killing. Collectively, these data identify a key complement evasion mechanism with important implications for ongoing efforts to develop meningococcal vaccines that employ fHbp as one of its components. Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide. The complement system is a family of proteins that is critical for innate immune defenses against this pathogen. In order to successfully colonize humans and cause disease, the meningococcus must escape killing by the complement system. In this study we show that meningococci can use one of its surface proteins called Neisserial surface protein A (NspA) to bind to a host complement inhibitory protein called factor H (fH). NspA is a protein vaccine candidate against group B meningococcal disease. Binding of fH limits complement activation on the bacterial surface and enhances the ability of the meningococcus to resist complement-dependent killing. Capsular polysaccharide expression decreases fH binding to NspA, while truncation of the core glycan chain of lipooligosaccharide increases fH binding to meningococcal NspA. Loss of NspA results in enhanced complement activation on the bacterial surface and increased complement-dependent killing of meningococci. Our findings have disclosed a novel function for NspA and sheds further light on how this pathogen evades killing by the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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27
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Pazik R, Seisenbaeva GA, Gohil S, Wiglusz R, Kȩpiński L, Strek W, Kessler VG. Simple and Efficient Synthesis of a Nd:LaAlO3 NIR Nanophosphor from Rare Earth Alkoxo-Monoaluminates Ln2Al2(OiPr)12(iPrOH)2 Single Source Precursors by Bradley Reaction. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2684-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pazik
- Department of Chemistry, SLU P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Suresh Gohil
- Department of Chemistry, SLU P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rafal Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw
| | - Leszek Kȩpiński
- Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw
| | - Wieslaw Strek
- Institute of Low Temperatures and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw
| | - Vadim G. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, SLU P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Kang S, Shim HS, Lee JS, Kim DS, Kim HY, Hong SH, Kim PS, Yoon JH, Cho NH. Molecular Proteomics Imaging of Tumor Interfaces by Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1157-64. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900666q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suki Kang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Sik Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Su Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Yong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Hong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pan Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Heon Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Bruker BioSciences Korea Company, Ltd., Daltonics Division, Seoul, Korea, Genomine Research Division, Genomine, Inc., Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Korea, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Instrument Support Team, Suwon, Korea, Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Quantification of target proteins using hydrogel antibody arrays and MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (A2M2S). N Biotechnol 2009; 25:404-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Duan J, Linman MJ, Chen CY, Cheng QJ. CHCA-modified Au nanoparticles for laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric analysis of peptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1530-1539. [PMID: 19447644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been studied as a potential solid-state matrix for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) but the efficiency in ionization remains low. In this report, AuNPs are capped by a self-assembled monolayer of cysteamine and modified with alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) for effective MALDI measurements. CHCA-terminated AuNPs offer marked improvement on peptide ionization compared with citrate-capped or cysteamine-capped AuNPs. The coating also effectively suppresses formation of Au cluster ions and analyte fragment ions, leading to cleaner mass spectra. Addition of glycerol and citric acid to the peptide/AuNPs sample further improves the performance of these AuNPs for LDI-MS analysis. Glycerol appears to enhance the dispersion of AuNPs in sample spots, increasing the sample ionization and shot-to-shot reproducibility, while citric acid serves as an external proton donor, providing high production of protonated analyte ions and reducing fragmentation of peptides on the nanoparticle-based surface. Optimal ratios of citric acid, glycerol, and AuNPs in sample solution have been systematically studied. A more than 10-fold increase for desorption ionization of peptides can be achieved by combining 5% glycerol and 20 mM citric acid with the CHCA-terminated AuNPs. The applicability of the CHCA-AuNPs for LDI-MS analysis of protein digests has also been demonstrated. This work shows the potential of AuNPs for SALDI-MS analysis, and the improvement with chemical functionalization, controlled dispersion, and use of an effective proton donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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31
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Application of the SILAC (stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture) technique in quantitative comparisons for tissue proteome expression. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2009; 54:11-20. [DOI: 10.1042/ba20090007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Diagnostic oncoproteomics is the application of proteomic techniques for the diagnosis of malignancies. A new mass spectrometric technology involves surface enhanced laser desorption ionization combined with time-of flight mass analysis (SELDI-TOF-MS), using special protein chips. After the description of the relevant principles of the technique, including approaches to proteomic pattern diagnostics, applications are reviewed for the diagnosis of ovarian, breast, prostate, bladder, pancreatic, and head and neck cancers, and also several other malignancies. Finally, problems and prospects of the approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Roboz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Scicchitano MS, Dalmas DA, Boyce RW, Thomas HC, Frazier KS. Protein extraction of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue enables robust proteomic profiles by mass spectrometry. J Histochem Cytochem 2009; 57:849-60. [PMID: 19471015 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.953497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global mass spectrometry (MS) profiling and spectral count quantitation are used to identify unique or differentially expressed proteins and can help identify potential biomarkers. MS has rarely been conducted in retrospective studies, because historically, available samples for protein analyses were limited to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archived tissue specimens. Reliable methods for obtaining proteomic profiles from FFPE samples are needed. Proteomic analysis of these samples has been confounded by formalin-induced protein cross-linking. The performance of extracted proteins in a liquid chromatography tandem MS format from FFPE samples and extracts from whole and laser capture microdissected (LCM) FFPE and frozen/optimal cutting temperature (OCT)-embedded matched control rat liver samples were compared. Extracts from FFPE and frozen/OCT-embedded livers from atorvastatin-treated rats were further compared to assess the performance of FFPE samples in identifying atorvastatin-regulated proteins. Comparable molecular mass representation was found in extracts from FFPE and OCT-frozen tissue sections, whereas protein yields were slightly less for the FFPE sample. The numbers of shared proteins identified indicated that robust proteomic representation from FFPE tissue and LCM did not negatively affect the number of identified proteins from either OCT-frozen or FFPE samples. Subcellular representation in FFPE samples was similar to OCT-frozen, with predominantly cytoplasmic proteins identified. Biologically relevant protein changes were detected in atorvastatin-treated FFPE liver samples, and selected atorvastatin-related proteins identified by MS were confirmed by Western blot analysis. These findings demonstrate that formalin fixation, paraffin processing, and LCM do not negatively impact protein quality and quantity as determined by MS and that FFPE samples are amenable to global proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S Scicchitano
- Department of Safety Assessment, 709 Swedeland Road, Mail Stop UE0364, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Macek B, Mann M, Olsen JV. Global and site-specific quantitative phosphoproteomics: principles and applications. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 49:199-221. [PMID: 18834307 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a key posttranslational modification, which reversibly regulates almost all processes in the living cell. Deregulated signaling is a hallmark of cancer and other diseases, and protein kinases are prominent drug targets. Phosphorylation events are commonly probed in a targeted manner by phosphorylation-specific antibodies. In contrast, advances in proteomics technology, including phosphopeptide enrichment, high-accuracy mass spectrometry, and associated bioinformatics now make it possible to analyze entire phosphoproteomes. Quantitative methods can assess the relative change in phosphorylation for several thousand sites in a single experiment. Here we review enrichment strategies and methods for mass spectrometric fragmentation and analysis of phosphopeptides. We also describe different quantitative methods and their application to problems in cell signaling and drug target discovery. Emerging phosphoproteomics technologies are becoming more comprehensive, robust, and generically applicable to a wide range of questions, including areas outside traditional eukaryotic cell signaling such as Ser/Thr/Tyr signaling in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Macek
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Mudalige WAKA, Tao TC, Lehrer SS. Ca2+-dependent photocrosslinking of tropomyosin residue 146 to residues 157-163 in the C-terminal domain of troponin I in reconstituted skeletal muscle thin filaments. J Mol Biol 2009; 389:575-83. [PMID: 19379756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-dependent interaction of troponin I (TnI) with actin.tropomyosin (Tm) in muscle thin filaments is a critical step in the regulation of muscle contraction. Previous studies have suggested that, in the absence of Ca(2+), TnI interacts with Tm and actin in reconstituted muscle thin filaments, maintaining Tm at the outer domain of actin and blocking myosin-actin interaction. To obtain direct evidence for this Tm-TnI interaction, we performed photochemical crosslinking studies using Tm labeled with 4-maleimidobenzophenone at position 146 or 174 (Tm*146 or Tm*174, respectively), reconstituted with actin and troponin [composed of TnI, troponin T (TnT), and troponin C] or with actin and TnI. After near-UV irradiation, SDS gels of the Tm*146-containing thin filament showed three new high-molecular-weight bands determined to be crosslinked products Tm*146-TnI, Tm*146-troponin C, and Tm*146-TnT using fluorescence-labeled TnI, mass spectrometry, and Western blot analysis. While Tm*146-TnI was produced only in the absence of Ca(2+), the production of other crosslinked species did not show Ca(2+) dependence. Tm*174 mainly crosslinked to TnT. In the absence of actin, a similar crosslinking pattern was obtained with a much lower yield. A tryptic peptide from Tm*146-TnI with a molecular mass of 2601.2 Da that was not present in the tryptic peptides of Tm*146 or TnI was identified using HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. This was shown, using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, to be the 4-maleimidobenzophenone-labeled peptide from Tm crosslinked to TnI peptide 157-163. These data, which show that a region in the C-terminal domain of TnI interacts with Tm in the absence of Ca(2+), support the hypothesis that a TnI-Tm interaction maintains Tm at the outer domain of actin and will help efforts to localize troponin in actin.Tm muscle thin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana A K A Mudalige
- Cardiovascular Program, Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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Flosadóttir HD, Stano M, Ingólfsson O. Sodium controlled selective reactivity of protonated deoxy-oligonucleotides in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:689-696. [PMID: 19200751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastable fragmentation of the positively charged, hexameric oligonucleotides 5'-d(TTXYTT) (X and Y are dC, dG, or dA) and 5'-d(CTCGTT), 5'-d(TTCGTC) and 5'-d(CTCGTC) is studied after matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The influence of the degree of sodiation, i.e., when the acidic protons are one by one exchanged against sodium ions, is systematically studied for the exchange of up to seven protons against sodium ions. Exchanging the acidic protons against sodium gradually quenches the backbone cleavage through the w and a-B channels, and quantitative quenching of these channels is generally achieved with the exchange of four protons against sodium ions. At the same time, the exchange of protons against sodium ions promotes the loss of a neutral, high proton affinity base. The formation of the w and a-B fragments is found to be highly dependent on the sequence of the central bases. A single mechanism consistent with these observations is proposed. In addition to the quenching of the classical w and a-B reaction channels, a drastic and abrupt on/off-switching of new reaction channels is observed as the degree of sodiation successively increases. These channels involve selective loss of the two central bases and the excision of a phosphodiester group and a sugar unit from the center of the oligonucleotides. Synchronously, the two terminal fragments recombine to form a tetramer containing the two terminal nucleosides from each end of the hexamer. Possible mechanism explaining these remarkable channels are discussed.
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Sivaram MVS, Wadzinski TL, Redick SD, Manna T, Doxsey SJ. Dynein light intermediate chain 1 is required for progress through the spindle assembly checkpoint. EMBO J 2009; 28:902-14. [PMID: 19229290 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint monitors microtubule attachment to kinetochores and tension across sister kinetochores to ensure accurate division of chromosomes between daughter cells. Cytoplasmic dynein functions in the checkpoint, apparently by moving critical checkpoint components off kinetochores. The dynein subunit required for this function is unknown. Here we show that human cells depleted of dynein light intermediate chain 1 (LIC1) delay in metaphase with increased interkinetochore distances; dynein remains intact, localised and functional. The checkpoint proteins Mad1/2 and Zw10 localise to kinetochores under full tension, whereas BubR1 is diminished at kinetochores. Metaphase delay and increased interkinetochore distances are suppressed by depletion of Mad1, Mad2 or BubR1 or by re-expression of wtLIC1 or a Cdk1 site phosphomimetic LIC1 mutant, but not Cdk1-phosphorylation-deficient LIC1. When the checkpoint is activated by microtubule depolymerisation, Mad1/2 and BubR1 localise to kinetochores. We conclude that a Cdk1 phosphorylated form of LIC1 is required to remove Mad1/2 and Zw10 but not BubR1 from kinetochores during spindle assembly checkpoint silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylavarapu V S Sivaram
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Lee JY, Byun JY, Lee SH. Proteomic analysis of normal human nasal mucosa: establishment of a two-dimensional electrophoresis reference map. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:692-700. [PMID: 19167376 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a partial two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) reference map of the proteins that compose normal human nasal mucosa. DESIGN AND METHODS Normal inferior turbinate mucosa samples were subjected to 2-DE, the protein spots were visualized by silver staining, and 78 spots were selected for analysis by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical techniques were performed for validation and localization analysis. RESULTS Among the identified proteins, the largest functional groups included proteins associated with the human immune response and enzymes, particularly those of protein metabolism. Proteins participating in the cell cycle, cell division, calcium metabolism, and ion transport were also detected. The mRNA transcripts for 10 selected proteins were amplified by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed that secretagogin was localized in the submucosal gland and calsenilin was localized in the epithelium and submucosal gland. CONCLUSION This database will serve as the basis for further comparative proteomic studies of nasal mucosal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea
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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics of mycobacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2009. [PMID: 20560054 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-207-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) is the classic proteomics approach used to monitor the dynamics of protein abundance and posttranslational modifications in biological systems. In this chapter, we provide detailed protocols for 2-DE-based proteomics of mycobacteria. Adequate standard operating procedures for mycobacterial culture, subcellular fractionation, and selective enrichment of proteins are indispensable prerequisites for targeted proteome analyses. Therefore, we also provide approved protocols for selective and efficient extraction of cytosolic, secreted, and hydrophobic plasma membrane proteins of mycobacteria, as well as for isolation of mycobacteria from infected macrophages.
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Matos JM, Witzmann FA, Cummings OW, Schmidt CM. A pilot study of proteomic profiles of human hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. J Surg Res 2008; 155:237-43. [PMID: 19535095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest causes of mortality among solid organ malignancies. The incidence of HCC in the United States is rising. Few proteomic biomarker studies have been done in U.S. populations. Tumor and nonmalignant tissue from three American patients with hepatitis and non-hepatitis-associated HCC were analyzed to find common differences in protein expression. Proteins were separated by 2D electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing followed by 10% SDS-PAGE). Gels were fixed and then stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. Digitization and processing were performed using the PDQuest software. The Student's t-test was used to detect quantitative protein changes between tumor and nonmalignant liver consistent in all sample pairs with a cutoff made at P < 0.01. This yielded a total of 20 spots with significant (>2 fold) abundance changes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis was performed using Waters Micomass M@LDI SYSTEM. The proteins were then identified using manual ProFound. Among the 20 spots, 10 showed overexpression and 10 showed underexpression in tumor. Overexpressed proteins included beta-5-tubulin, beta-actin, vimentin, hypermethylated in cancer 2 protein, heat-shock 70-kDa protein 9B, serum albumin, 39S ribosomal protein L45, butyrophilin, autoimmune regulator, and transcription factor ETV7. Underexpressed proteins included BiP protein, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 2, inoraganic pyrophosphatase, keratin 8, carbonic anhydrase 1, repulsive guidance molecule, catalase, C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, and hemoglobin alpha-2. Of particular interest, the protein autoimmune regulator was expressed 14-fold higher in tumor tissue, suggesting it may have a role in HCC. Validation and further investigation of these protein changes may lead to the discovery of new molecular targets for therapy, biomarkers for early detection, and new endpoints for therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Matos
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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MALDI imaging mass spectrometry for direct tissue analysis: a new frontier for molecular histology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:421-34. [PMID: 18618129 PMCID: PMC2522327 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for investigating the distribution of proteins and small molecules within biological systems through the in situ analysis of tissue sections. MALDI-IMS can determine the distribution of hundreds of unknown compounds in a single measurement and enables the acquisition of cellular expression profiles while maintaining the cellular and molecular integrity. In recent years, a great many advances in the practice of imaging mass spectrometry have taken place, making the technique more sensitive, robust, and ultimately useful. In this review, we focus on the current state of the art of MALDI-IMS, describe basic technological developments for MALDI-IMS of animal and human tissues, and discuss some recent applications in basic research and in clinical settings.
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Quantitative proteomics as a new piece of the systems biology puzzle. J Proteomics 2008; 71:357-67. [PMID: 18640294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The definition of the role of each gene product in its cellular context is of outstanding importance in the post-genomics era. Recent technological innovations have driven research in proteomics from single protein characterization to global approaches, aiming to achieve a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative description of complex molecular mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the methodology of quantitative proteomics as it applies to the analysis of complex biological model systems. A special attention will be given to model systems that are suitable for functional genomic studies, where the potential of quantitative proteomics can be effectively demonstrated.
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Hiett KL, Stintzi A, Andacht TM, Kuntz RL, Seal BS. Genomic differences between Campylobacter jejuni isolates identify surface membrane and flagellar function gene products potentially important for colonizing the chicken intestine. Funct Integr Genomics 2008; 8:407-20. [PMID: 18592283 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-008-0087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are one of the leading bacterial etiologic agents of acute human gastroenteritis among industrialized countries. Poultry are implicated as a major source of the organism for human illness; however, the factors involved with colonization of poultry gastrointestinal systems remain unclear. Genomics and proteomics analyses were used to identify differences between poor- versus robust-colonizing Campylobacter jejuni isolates, 11168(GS) and A74/C, respectively. Sequence analyses of subtracted DNA resulted in A74/C-specifc genes similar to a dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, a serine protease, polysaccharide modification proteins, and restriction modification proteins. DNA microarray analyses were performed for comparison of A74/C to the complete genome sequences published for two C. jejuni. A total of 114 genes (7.1%) were determined absent from A74/C relative to those genomes. Additionally, proteomics was completed on both soluble and membrane protein extracts from 11168(GS) and A74/C. Variation in protein expression and physical characteristics such as pI was detected between the two isolates that included the major outer membrane protein, flagella, and aconitate hydratase. Several proteins including cysteine synthase and a Ni/Fe hydrogenase were determined to be differentially present between the two isolates. Finally, DNA hybridization analyses of 19 C. jejuni isolates recovered from chickens and humans worldwide over the past 20 years were performed to determine the distribution of a subset of differentially identified gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Hiett
- Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA, 30604-5677, USA.
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Panchaud A, Hansson J, Affolter M, Bel Rhlid R, Piu S, Moreillon P, Kussmann M. ANIBAL, Stable Isotope-based Quantitative Proteomics by Aniline and Benzoic Acid Labeling of Amino and Carboxylic Groups. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:800-12. [DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700216-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Proteomik. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-008-0610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Preparative electrophoresis is a protein fractionation approach useful for the enrichment of low-abundance gene products. Preparative electrophoresis is usually performed in the PrepCell apparatus. Proteins are separated according to their size in a cylindrical gel in the presence of an ionic detergent. The method is particularly efficient for the enrichment of low-molecular-mass gene products. Preparative electrophoresis can be followed by proteomic analysis, and the proteins eluted from the preparative gel can be separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry.
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Abstract
Quantitative proteomics has become a pivotal tool that has been applied to the investigation of many different biological processes such diverse as the detection of biomarkers in tissue samples, the regulation of cell signaling, and the characterization of protein interactions. Stable isotope labeling techniques have facilitated the precise quantitation of changes in protein abundance by mass spectrometry. Among different choices, Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) is an easy and reliable method for unbiased comparative proteomic experiments, which has been employed to study post-translational modifications such as protein phosphorylation and methylation, to characterize signaling pathways and to determine specific protein interactions. Here we describe detailed procedures for SILAC experiments in mammalian and yeast cells.
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Mikšík I, Sedláková P, Mikulíková K, Eckhardt A, Kašička V. Comparison of CE-MS and LC-MS Analyses of Avian Eggshell Matrix Proteins. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Oshima R, Nakano H, Katayama M, Sakurai J, Wu W, Koizumi S, Asano T, Watanabe T, Asakura T, Ohta T, Otsubo T. Modification of the hepatic mitochondrial proteome in response to ischemic preconditioning following ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat liver. Eur Surg Res 2007; 40:247-55. [PMID: 18057903 DOI: 10.1159/000111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may reduce hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but efficacy of IPC on mitochondrial proteome is not demonstrated. We investigated how IPC modifies the mitochondrial proteome after IR injury. METHODS Rats were subjected to 25 min of portal triad crossclamping (IR group, n = 8). In the IPC group (n = 8), 10 min of temporal portal triad clamping was performed before 25 min of portal clamping. Samples were obtained after 24 h. The mitochondrial inner-membrane potential was measured by the uptake of a lipophilic cationic carbocyanine probe and mitochondrial proteome was also investigated using 2-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mitochondrial inner-membrane potential and glutathione were lower and serum transaminase was higher in the IPC group than in the IR group. The mitochondrial precursor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase were upregulated in the IPC group in comparison to the IR group. In contrast, protein disulfide-isomerase A3 precursor, 60S acid ribosomal protein P0, carbonic anhydrase 3 and superoxide dismutase were significantly more downregulated in the IPC group than in the IR group. CONCLUSIONS A hepatoprotective effect by IPC was not shown; however, IPC caused significant up- or downregulation of several mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
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Abstract
The complexity of the proteome is extremely high, because every organ or even a part of it can differ considerably in its protein composition. Performing proteomic studies therefore means to separate these functional different tissue areas before analysis. Otherwise all gained results will be depending on the question whether they are incorrect or at least dubious and do they reflect the different functions of tissues at all. The separation of functional tissue areas can be achieved by laser-based microdissection. In this review we will discuss the compatibly of microdissected formalin or cryofixed tissue with different proteomic techniques like 2-DE, MS and protein arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand von Eggeling
- Core Unit Chip Application, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Medical Faculty at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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