1
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Urdiain-Arraiza J, Desguin B. Versatile capillary electrophoresis method for the direct chiral separation of aliphatic and aromatic α-hydroxy acids, β-hydroxy acids and polyhydroxy acids using vancomycin as chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464611. [PMID: 38181629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxy acids (HAs) are ubiquitous in nature and play significant roles in various industrial and biological processes. Most HAs harbor at least one chiral center, therefore the development of efficient chiral analysis techniques for HA stereoisomers is of crucial importance across a wide range of fields. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the chiral analysis and quantification of aliphatic and aromatic α‑hydroxy acid (AHA) enantiomers, aliphatic β‑hydroxy acid (BHA) enantiomers and aliphatic polyhydroxy acid (PHA) stereoisomers. Using a modified partial filling-counter current method with indirect UV detection, high resolution (Rs) was achieved with vancomycin as a chiral selector added to the background electrolyte composed of 10 mM of benzoic acid/L-histidine at pH 5 using a polyacrylamide-coated capillary. This method could be readily applied to the determination of the enantiomers of 12 aliphatic AHAs, 4 aromatic AHAs, 3 aliphatic BHAs, as well as to the determination of the stereoisomers of tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanoic acid, and 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid without the need for sample derivatization. Finally, our study provides a robust and versatile strategy for the chiral and stereoselective analysis of a broad range of hydroxy acid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Urdiain-Arraiza
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benoît Desguin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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2
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Cansever MŞ, Öztekin N, Kıykım E, Zübarioğlu T, Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ. Separation and quantification of the urinary enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection: Application to the diagnosis of D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300145. [PMID: 37269210 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is an inherited neurometabolic disorder with two major types: D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. An easy and fast capillary electrophoresis system combined with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection method was developed for the enantioseparation and determination of D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine. D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acids were separated using vancomycin as the chiral selector. The optimal separation conditions for enantiomers were achieved by the use of a buffer containing 50 mM 4-(N-morpholino) butane sulfonic acid solution (pH 6.5), an electroosmotic flow modifier (0.001% [w/v] polybrene), and 30 mM vancomycin as chiral selector. The analysis time was 6 min under optimal conditions. The optimized and validated method was successfully implemented for quantifying D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in patients' urine, without any pretreatment step. The linearity of the method was determined to be in the range of 2-100 mg/L for D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine. The precision (relative standard deviation%) was obtained at about 7%. For D- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acids, the limits of detection were 0.567 and 0.497 mg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Şerif Cansever
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Öztekin
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kıykım
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tanyel Zübarioğlu
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
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3
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Fan X, Cao L, Geng L, Ma Y, Wei Y, Wang Y. Polysaccharides as separation media for the separation of proteins, peptides and stereoisomers of amino acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:616-638. [PMID: 34242648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable separation of peptides, amino acids and proteins as accurate as possible with the maximum conformation and biological activity is crucial and essential for drug discovery. Polysaccharide, as one of the most abundant natural biopolymers with optical activity on earth, is easy to be functionalized due to lots of hydroxyl groups on glucose units. Over the last few decades, polysaccharide derivatives are gradually employed as effective separation media. The highly-ordered helical structure contributes to complex, diverse molecular recognition ability, allowing polysaccharide derivatives to selectively interact with different analytes. This article reviews the development, application and prospects of polysaccharides as separation media in the separation of proteins, peptides and amino acids in recent years. The chiral molecules mechanism, advantages, limitations, development status and challenges faced by polysaccharides as separation media in molecular recognition are summarized. Meanwhile, the direction of its continued development and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lilong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Linna Geng
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yalu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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4
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He S, Shang X, Lu W, Tian Y, Xu Z, Zhang W. Electrochemical enantioselective sensor for effective recognition of tryptophan isomers based on chiral polyaniline twisted nanoribbon. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1147:155-164. [PMID: 33485574 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective enantioselective recognition with chiral nanomaterials remains a challenge in the field of chemistry and biology. In this paper, a pair of left- and right-handed polyaniline (defined as S-PANI and R-PANI) were synthesized by chemical oxidation of aniline to form a specially twisted nanoribbon, which was induced by enantiomeric camphorsulfonic acid. Both S-PANI and R-PANI were used to construct electrochemical chiral sensors for the discrimination of tryptophan isomers (D- and L-Trp). Owing to the formation of efficient chiral nanospace with special nanoribbon morphology and enormous amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups of S-PANI or R-PANI, the high enantioselectivity was obtained with the recognition efficiency of 4.90 (D-Trp) on S-PANI and 4.20 (L-Trp) on R-PANI, respectively. The obtained chiral electrodes were also used for the determination of the enantiomeric excess (ee) for Trp, and a good linear relationship between peak currents and ee% of Trp was obtained. Furthermore, the strategy we proposed has tremendous potential in enantiomer recognition field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xin Shang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
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5
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Effect of ligand and bridge substitution on chiral recognition of 1-phenylethylammonium cation by an anionic binuclear Ni(II) complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Pu C, Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhu A, Shi G. Enantiomers of Single Chirality Nanotube as Chiral Recognition Interface for Enhanced Electrochemical Chiral Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3015-3020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Pu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Jiang S, Wu C, Yu J, Sun T, Guo X. Separation of eight bedaquiline analogue diastereomers by HPLC on an immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase. Chirality 2018; 31:72-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenmeng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang P. R. China
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8
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Shen H, Du G, Liu K, Ye L, Xie S, Jiang L. Synthesis and evaluation of pseudopeptide chiral stationary phases for enantioselective resolution. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:53-62. [PMID: 28951050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline)s are regarded as bioinspired polymers due to their structural relation to polypeptides. In this work, a new kind of poly(2-oxazoline)s containing dipeptide segments in the side chains was synthesized through a bottom-up protocol, which involves ring-opening copolymerization of 2-(N-Boc-l-2-pyrrolidinyl)-2-oxazoline (PyOXBoc) with 2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline (BuOX) followed by deprotection and amide coupling with N-protected L-proline. The resulting vinyl-functionalized polymers were subsequently immobilized onto mercaptopropylated silica bead matrices by means of thio-click chemistry and their potential as the chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high-performance liquid chromatography was preliminarily evaluated with a series of structurally different racemates. The results showed that this class of pseudopeptide CSPs is particularly adapted to the enantiomeric separation of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and acyloin compounds (such as benzoin) under normal-phase conditions. Moreover, an increase in the length of polymer main chains is beneficial to the enhancement of both enantioselectivity and resolution ability. The chiral discrimination of analytes by the polymeric selectors stems primarily from hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions as well as steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ganhong Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Long Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shoulei Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liming Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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9
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Ding S, Cao S, Zhu A, Shi G. Wettability Switching of Electrode for Signal Amplification: Conversion of Conformational Change of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer into Enhanced Electrochemical Chiral Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12219-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Ding
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sumei Cao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Cârcu-Dobrin M, Budău M, Hancu G, Gagyi L, Rusu A, Kelemen H. Enantioselective analysis of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary zone electrophoresis. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:397-403. [PMID: 28344495 PMCID: PMC5357103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used primarily in the treatment of major depression, panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Chiral separation of racemic fluoxetine is necessary due to its enantioselective metabolism. In order to develop a suitable method for chiral separation of fluoxetine, cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary electrophoresis (CE) was employed. A large number of native and derivatized, neutral and ionized CD derivatives were screened to find the optimal chiral selector. As a result of this process, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD (TRIMEB) was selected for enantiomeric discrimination. A factorial analysis study was performed by orthogonal experimental design in which several factors are varied at the same time to optimize the separation method. The optimized method (50 mM phosphate buffer, pH = 5.0, 10 mM TRIMEB, 15 °C, + 20 kV, 50 mbar/1 s, detection at 230 nm) was successful for baseline separation of fluoxetine enantiomers within 5 min. Our method was validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be sensitive, linear, accurate and precise for the chiral separation of fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Cârcu-Dobrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Monica Budău
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | | | - Aura Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Hajnal Kelemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
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11
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Martínez-Girón AB, Marina ML, Crego AL. Chiral separation of a basic drug with two chiral centers by electrokinetic chromatography for its pharmaceutical development. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:427-435. [PMID: 27558358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral method using capillary electrophoresis was developed for the separation of the four stereoisomers of a new chiral substance currently undergoing drug development as single enantiomer. After the selection of highly sulfated β-CD as chiral selector, an exhaustive study on the influence of several experimental variables on the resolution was performed, being the substitution degree of the CD a very decisive factor. Run time and resolutions were about 20min and higher than 2.0, respectively. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection and quantitation according to the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonisation for the determination of the chiral purity of a drug substance. The usefulness of the method was demonstrated in the control of stereoisomeric impurities in raw material as well as in the determination of the chiral stability of the drug in the solid state and in dosage forms used in safety assessment. Finally, the chiral method was used to investigate the possible in vivo inversion in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Martínez-Girón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry. Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry. Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Antonio L Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry. Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Breitbach ZS, Petersen H, Ellegaard P, Armstrong DW. Enantioseparation of citalopram analogues with sulfated β-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:841-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Hans Petersen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Chemical Process Research; Valby Denmark
| | | | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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13
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Lv L, Wang L, Zou Y, Chen R, Yu J. Chiral separation by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using l-sorbose–boric acid complexes as chiral ion-pair selectors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21806g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chiral nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) method using l-sorbose–boric acid complexes as the chiral ion-pair selectors was developed for enantioseparation of nineteen chiral analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Yanan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- China
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14
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Szabó ZI, Tóth G, Völgyi G, Komjáti B, Hancu G, Szente L, Sohajda T, Béni S, Muntean DL, Noszál B. Chiral separation of asenapine enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis and characterization of cyclodextrin complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:398-404. [PMID: 26440287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of asenapine maleate (ASN), a novel antipsychotic against schizophrenia and mania with bipolar I disorder have been separated by cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. 15 different CDs were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. Although initially, none of the applied chiral selectors gave baseline separation, β-CD proved to be the most effective chiral selector. In order to improve resolution, an orthogonal experimental design was employed, altering the concentration of background electrolyte, organic modifier, pH, capillary temperature and applied voltage in a multivariate manner. The developed method (160 mM TRIS-acetate buffer pH 3.5, 7 mM β-CD, at 20 °C, applying 15 kV) was successful for baseline separation of ASN enantiomers (R(s)=2.40±0.04). Our method was validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be sensitive, linear, accurate and precise for the chiral separation of ASN. Properties of the inclusion complexes, such as stoichiometry, atomic level intermolecular host-guest connections are proposed on the basis of ROESY NMR measurement, ESI-MS spectrometry and molecular modeling studies. It was found that the ASN-β-CD complex is of 1:1 composition, and either of the aromatic rings can be accommodated in the β-CD cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán-István Szabó
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Völgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Komjáti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos Szente
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Sohajda
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Béla Noszál
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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15
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McIldowie MJ, Mocerino M, Ogden MI, Skelton BW, White AH. C 4 Dissymmetric resorcinarene derivatives: synthesis, crystal structure and micelle formation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Kiefer J, Noack K. Universal enantioselective discrimination by Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2015; 140:1787-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel Raman spectroscopy approach allows universal enantioselective discrimination, structural and compositional analysis, as well as investigating molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kiefer
- Technische Thermodynamik
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- School of Engineering
| | - Kristina Noack
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies
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17
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Posch TN, Pütz M, Martin N, Huhn C. Electromigrative separation techniques in forensic science: combining selectivity, sensitivity, and robustness. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:23-58. [PMID: 25381613 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review we introduce the advantages and limitations of electromigrative separation techniques in forensic toxicology. We thus present a summary of illustrative studies and our own experience in the field together with established methods from the German Federal Criminal Police Office rather than a complete survey. We focus on the analytical aspects of analytes' physicochemical characteristics (e.g. polarity, stereoisomers) and analytical challenges including matrix tolerance, separation from compounds present in large excess, sample volumes, and orthogonality. For these aspects we want to reveal the specific advantages over more traditional methods. Both detailed studies and profiling and screening studies are taken into account. Care was taken to nearly exclusively document well-validated methods outstanding for the analytical challenge discussed. Special attention was paid to aspects exclusive to electromigrative separation techniques, including the use of the mobility axis, the potential for on-site instrumentation, and the capillary format for immunoassays. The review concludes with an introductory guide to method development for different separation modes, presenting typical buffer systems as starting points for different analyte classes. The objective of this review is to provide an orientation for users in separation science considering using capillary electrophoresis in their laboratory in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjorben Nils Posch
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics ZEA-3, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Nageswara Rao R, Guru Prasad K. Stereo-specific LC and LC-MS bioassays of antidepressants and psychotics. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:21-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- D215, Discovery Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 607 India
| | - K. Guru Prasad
- D215, Discovery Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 607 India
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19
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Gao SY, Li H, Wang L, Yang LN. Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Benzoic Acid Compounds in the Plant Medicine by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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21
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Aguiar FA, de Gaitani CM, Borges KB. Capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of isradipine enantiomers: Stability studies and pharmaceutical formulation analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2673-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Hu Y, Xu W, Li J, Li L. Determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine in serum by electrochemiluminescence detection with the aid of capillary electrophoresis. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 27:63-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310003; People's Republic of China
| | | | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310003; People's Republic of China
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23
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Enantioseparation of the New Antifungal Drug Iodiconazole and Structurally Related Triadimenol Analogues by CE with Neutral Cyclodextrin Additives. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Comparison of chiral electrophoretic separation methods for phenethylamines and application on impurity analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Kodama S, Taga A, Yamamoto A, Ito Y, Honda Y, Suzuki K, Yamashita T, Kemmei T, Aizawa SI. Enantioseparation of DL-isocitric acid by a chiral ligand exchange CE with Ni(II)-D-quinic acid system. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3586-91. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Ye H, Yu L, Xu X, Zheng C, Lin W, Liu X, Chen G. Affinity capillary electrophoresis coupling with partial filling technique and field-amplified sample injection for enantioseparation and determination of DL-tetrahydropalmatine. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2049-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dubský P, Svobodová J, Tesařová E, Gaš B. Enhanced selectivity in CZE multi-chiral selector enantioseparation systems: Proposed separation mechanism. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1435-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Chen B, Du Y, Wang H. Study on enantiomeric separation of basic drugs by NACE in methanol-based medium using erythromycin lactobionate as a chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:371-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Tano C, Son SH, Furukawa JI, Furuike T, Sakairi N. Enantiomeric separation by MEKC using dodecyl thioglycoside surfactants: Importance of an equatorially oriented hydroxy group at C-2 position in separation of dansylated amino acids. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2743-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Elbashir AA, Saad B, Ali ASM, Saleh MI, Aboul-Enein HY. Determination of quinocide as impurity in primaquine tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:464-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Deñola NL, Quiming NS, Saito Y, Catabay AP, Jinno K. Sensitive Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatographic Determination of Salbutamol, Guaifenesin, and Dyphylline in Oral Formulations. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902900814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerissa L. Deñola
- a School of Materials Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi, Japan
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila , Manila, Philippines
| | - Noel S. Quiming
- c Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics , College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila , Manila, Philippines
| | - Yoshihiro Saito
- a School of Materials Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi, Japan
| | | | - Kiyokatsu Jinno
- a School of Materials Science , Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi, Japan
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Elbashir AA, Saad B, Ali ASM, Saleh MI, Aboul-Enein HY. Enantioselective analysis of primaquine and its impurity quinocide by capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:295-301. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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YANG Y, ZHU C, SHEN J, HAO A. Enantioseparation in Capillary Electrophoresis Using 6-Oligo-(lactic acid)cyclomaltoheptaose as a Chiral Selector. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1315-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli YANG
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Chenfu ZHU
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Jian SHEN
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Aiyou HAO
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University
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Jiang C, Tong MY, Armstrong DW, Perera S, Bao Y, MacDonnell FM. Enantiomeric separation of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes using capillary electrophoresis. Chirality 2009; 21:208-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Castro-Puyana M, García-Ruiz C, Crego AL, Marina ML. Development of a CE-MS2method for the enantiomeric separation of L/D-carnitine: Application to the analysis of infant formulas. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:337-48. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Hoeman KW, Culbertson CT. A novel, environmentally friendly sodium lauryl ether sulfate-, cocamidopropyl betaine-, cocamide monoethanolamine-containing buffer for MEKC on microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4900-5. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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DUBSKY P, SVOBODOVA J, TESAROVA E, GAS B. Model of CE enantioseparation systems with a mixture of chiral selectors☆Part II. Determination of thermodynamic parameters of the interconversion in chiral and achiral environments separately. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 875:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Fakhari AR, Nojavan S, Haghgoo S, Mohammadi A. Development of a stability-indicating CE assay for the determination of amlodipine enantiomers in commercial tablets. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4583-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Model of CE enantioseparation systems with a mixture of chiral selectors☆Part I. Theory of migration and interconversion. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 875:30-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Amini A, Lodén H, Pettersson C, Arvidsson T. Principles for different modes of multiple-injection CZE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3952-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Rousseau A, Pedrini M, Chiap P, Ivanyi R, Crommen J, Fillet M, Servais AC. Determination of flurbiprofen enantiomers in plasma using a single-isomer amino cyclodextrin derivative in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3641-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Steroselective determination of trihexyphenidyl using carboxylmethyl-β-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Capillary electrophoresis for pharmaceutical analysis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2008. [PMID: 18392572 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to pharmaceutical analysis. The areas of pharmaceutical analysis covered are enantiomer separation, analysis of small molecules such as amino acids or drug counter-ions, pharmaceutical assay, related substances determinations, and physiochemical measurements such as log P and pKa of compounds. The different electrophoretic modes available and their advantages for pharmaceutical analysis are described. Recent applications of CE for each subject area are tabulated with electrolyte details. Information on electrolyte choice and method optimization to obtain optimal separations is included.
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Mandrioli R, Raggi MA. Electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of second-generation antidepressant drugs: An update. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:252-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7 Overview of current regulatory guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Mikus P, Maráková K, Marák J, Kaniansky D, Valásková I, Havránek E. Possibilities of column coupling electrophoresis provided with a fiber-based diode array detection in enantioselective analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical and clinical samples. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1179:9-16. [PMID: 17905259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work illustrated possibilities of column coupling electrophoresis combined with ionizable chiral selector and diode array detection (DAD) for the enantioselective analysis of trace drugs (pheniramine and its analogs) in pharmaceutical and clinical samples. Isotachophoresis (ITP), on-line coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), served as an ideal injection technique (high sample load capacity, narrow and sharp drugs zones) of on-line pretreated samples (preseparation, purification and preconcentration of drugs) for the CZE stage. Enhanced (enantio)separation selectivity of CZE with ionizable chiral selector (carboxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin recognized between drugs enantiomers on one hand as well as between drugs and sample matrix constituents on the other hand) enabled to obtain pure zones of the drugs enantiomers, suitable for their detection and quantitation. DAD in comparison with single wavelength UV detection enhanced value of analytical information verifying purity of drugs enantiomers zones (indicating interferents with different spectra to those of drugs). Obtained results indicated pure zones of interest confirming effective ITP-CZE (enantio)separation process. Distinguishing the trace analytes signals superposed on the baseline noise was provided with sufficient reliability (for this purpose the background correction and smoothing procedure had to be applied to the raw DAD spectra). The proposed ITP-CZE-DAD methods were characterized by favorable performance parameters (sensitivity, linearity, precision, recovery, accuracy, robustness, selectivity) and successfully applied for (i) enantiomeric purity testing of dexbrompheniramine in commercial pharmaceutical tablets and (ii) enantioselective metabolic study of pheniramine in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Elbashir AA, Saad B, Mohamed Ali AS, Saleh MI, Aboul‐Enein HY. Determination of Ofloxacin Enantiomers in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701780631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A. Elbashir
- a School of Chemical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- a School of Chemical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Hassan Y. Aboul‐Enein
- b Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department , National Research Centre , Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Kodama S, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Yamashita T, Kemmei T, Yamamoto A, Hayakawa K. Simultaneous chiral resolution of monosaccharides as 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate derivatives by ligand-exchange CE using borate as a central ion of the chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3930-3. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shpigun OA, Ananieva IA, Budanova NY, Shapovalova EN. Use of cyclodextrins for separation of enantiomers. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2003v072n12abeh000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Marák J, Mikus P, Maráková K, Kaniansky D, Valásková I, Havránek E. Enantioselective analysis of pheniramine in urine by charged CD-mediated CZE provided with a fiber-based DAD and an on-line sample pretreatment by capillary ITP. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2738-47. [PMID: 17600843 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Application potentialities of CZE on-line coupled with capillary ITP and DAD to the identification and determination of trace concentration levels (microg/L) of pheniramine (PHM) enantiomers and their metabolites present in complex ionic matrices of biological origin (urine) are shown. An enhanced (enantio)selectivity of the CZE separation system obtained by the addition of carboxyethyl-beta-CD (CE-beta-CD) to the carrier electrolyte provided CZE conditions for a reliable identification of similar/identical DAD spectra of structurally related compounds (PHM enantiomers and their metabolites) in clinical urine samples differing in qualitative and quantitative composition of sample matrix constituents. A high sample loadability (a 30 microL sample injection volume), partial sample clean-up (removing macroconstituents from the sample), and preconcentration of the analytes in ITP stage resulted in the decrease of concentration LOD for PHM enantiomers in urine to 5.2 and 6.8 microg/L (2.2 x 10(-8) and 2.8 x 10(-8) mol/L), without using any sample pretreatment technique. The background correction and smoothing procedure applied to the raw DAD spectra provided analytically relevant DAD spectra of PHM enantiomers and their metabolites also when they were present in urine sample (30 microL injection volumes of ten-times diluted urine sample) at a 9 x 10(-) (8) mol/L concentration. DAD spectra of PHM enantiomers present in urine samples matched their reference spectra with reasonable certainties. DAD spectra of PHM metabolites were compared with the reference spectra of PHM enantiomers and a good match was found which indicates the similarities in the structures of enantiomers and their metabolites detected in the urine samples. This fact allows performing the quantitative analyses of PHM metabolites in the urine samples by applying the calibration parameters of PHM enantiomers also for PHM metabolites and the results show the possibilities of using the ITP-CZE-DAD combination for the direct analysis of PHM enantiomers and/or their metabolites in urine without any sample pretreatment. ITP-CZE-DAD method with oppositely charged selector is suggested to use in clinical research as it provides favorable performance parameters including sensitivity, linearity, precision, recovery, and robustness with minimal demands on sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Marák
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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