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Shi L, Ngounou Wetie AG, Wang W, Chen Y. Validation of a sensitive and specific LC–MS/MS method and application to evaluate the systemic exposure and bioavailability of glycopyrrolate via different drug delivery approaches/devices. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4899. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc 84 Waterford Drive Marlborough MA 01752 USA
| | | | - Weimin Wang
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc 84 Waterford Drive Marlborough MA 01752 USA
| | - Yu‐Luan Chen
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc 84 Waterford Drive Marlborough MA 01752 USA
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2
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Capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking for simultaneous determination of indacaterol and glycopyrronium in inhaler capsules: Application to human plasma and urine. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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van Boxtel N, Wolfs K, Palacín MG, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Headspace gas chromatography based methodology for the analysis of aromatic substituted quaternary ammonium salts. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1476:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Gorynski K, Bojko B, Kluger M, Jerath A, Wąsowicz M, Pawliszyn J. Development of SPME method for concomitant sample preparation of rocuronium bromide and tranexamic acid in plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:183-92. [PMID: 24525565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput method using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-LC-MS/MS) for determination of tranexamic acid and rocuronium bromide in human plasma was developed and validated. Standard analytical approaches employ acidification of the sample due to the instability of rocuronium bromide in collected plasma samples. However, acidification affects the binding equilibrium of the drug and consequently no information on the free/bound concentration can be obtained. Contrary to these protocols, the proposed method requires minimum sample handling and no ion pairing and/or derivatization procedure. A weak cation exchange coating was chosen as the best extracting phase for selected drugs, guaranteed a good recovery, minimum carry-over, reusability and reproducibility. SPME procedure met all Food and Drug Administration acceptance criteria for bioanalytical assays at three concentration levels, for both selected drugs. Post-extraction addition experiments showed that matrix effect was less than ±3%. Here, a weak cation exchange thin-film solid-phase microextraction (WCX TF-SPME) approach is presented, offering effective cleanup procedure and full quantitation of the drugs in plasma, undoubtedly one the most challenging matrices with regards to its complexity. In addition, the 96-well plate format of WCX TF-SPME system provides considerable advantages, such as high throughput analysis for up to 96 samples in 35min (22s/sample), requirement of small amounts of plasma samples (0.8mL), and a simple sample preparation protocol, all of which shows a promise for possible on-site application in hospitals to monitor concentrations of the drugs in close to real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gorynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michael Kluger
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Angela Jerath
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4; Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcin Wąsowicz
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4; Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Cao D, Li W, Zhao X, Ye X, Sun F, Li J, Song F, Fan G. Development and validation of a rapid and high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of neostigmine in small-volume beagle dog plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:354-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- Department of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 280 Outer Ring East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; No. 1 Huatuo Road, Shangjie Town Park, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Ye
- Department of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 280 Outer Ring East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlu Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Li
- Xuhui Central Hospital of Shanghai; No.966 Huaihai Road Shanghai 200031 People's Republic of China
| | - Fenyun Song
- Department of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 280 Outer Ring East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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6
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Regulatory control of glycopyrrolate in performance horses using validated UHPLC/MS–MS methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 889-890:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Detection of singly- and doubly-charged quaternary ammonium drugs in equine urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 710:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Hubicka U, Krzek J, Szczyrbowska O. TLC-UV and -VIS Densitometric Detection Method for Determination of Oxyphenonium Bromide and its Degradation Products in Tablets. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902854813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Hubicka
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Krzek
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Szczyrbowska
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
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9
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Moraine JJ, Truflandier K, Vandenbergen N, Berré J, Mélot C, Vincent JL. Placement of the nebulizer before the humidifier during mechanical ventilation: Effect on aerosol delivery. Heart Lung 2009; 38:435-9. [PMID: 19755194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic aerosols are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients. The position of the nebulizer in the ventilator circuit and the humidification of inhaled gases can influence the efficiency of aerosol delivery. We evaluated the effect of nebulizer position on the pulmonary bioavailability of nebulized ipratropium in ventilated patients without known preexisting respiratory disease. METHODS The study included 38 mechanically ventilated and sedated patients after open heart surgery. Ipratropium (500 microg) was delivered by an ultrasonic nebulizer. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: the nebulizer positioned before the heat humidification system (group 1, n = 19) or at the end of the inspiratory limb before the Y-piece (group 2, n = 19). The amount of ipratropium in the urine collected during the 4 hours after drug administration was measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in tidal volume or respiratory rate between groups. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the amount of drug excreted (group 1 vs 2: 13,237 +/- 2313 pg/mL vs 15,529 +/- 3204 pg/mL) or in pulmonary bioavailability (.9% +/- .1% vs 1.1% +/- .2%). CONCLUSION The position of the nebulizer in the ventilatory circuit had no effect on the pulmonary bioavailability of ipratropium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Moraine
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Free Universite' libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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10
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Pantůčková P, Gebauer P, Boček P, Křivánková L. Electrolyte systems for on-line CE-MS: Detection requirements and separation possibilities. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:203-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Quantitative determination of glycopyrrolate in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: The use of a volatile ion-pairing agent during both liquid–liquid extraction and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 876:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Hadad GM. Validated, Stability-Indicating LC Method for Analysis of Pipenzolate Bromide and Its Hydrolysis Products. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Ballard KD, Vickery WE, Nguyen LT, Diamond FX, Rieders F. An analytical strategy for quaternary ammonium neuromuscular blocking agents in a forensic setting using LC-MS/MS on a tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight instrument. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:1457-1468. [PMID: 16887364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An analytical strategy is described for analyzing quaternary ammonium neuromuscular blocking agents in a wide variety of biological specimens in a forensic setting. Neuromuscular blocking agents such as succinylcholine, pancuronium, and tubocurarine, often used as paralytic agents during surgery, are occasionally suspected as paralytic poisoning agents involved in suspected homicide and suicide cases. Because suspicion in such cases can develop slowly, the age, nature, and quality of available specimens varies greatly. The compounds are challenging analytically because of their simultaneous precharged yet lipophilic character. An analytical strategy has been devised for extracting these compounds from complex matrices using a combination of a modified Bligh and Dyer liquid-liquid extraction (used in reverse) followed by reverse-phase ion pairing solid-phase extraction using heptafluorobutyric acid as an ion pairing reagent. Final analysis is by LC-MS/MS using a tandem quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time of flight instrument (Q-TOF) with repetitive product ion scanning at high resolution. Native and spiked specimens are compared for both quantitative and especially qualitative purposes. The method has been applied to a wide variety of fluid and tissue specimen types, including numerous specimens from exhumation autopsies. For most specimens, detection limits are in the 2 to 10 ng/g range. Succinylmonocholine has been demonstrated to be present at low levels in normal posthumous kidney and liver. The Q-TOF is an excellent platform for forensic analytical investigations. This analytical strategy should also be applicable to other problematic analytes and sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ballard
- Research and Development, NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd., 19090, Willow Grove, PA, USA.
| | - William E Vickery
- Research and Development, NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd., 19090, Willow Grove, PA, USA
| | - Loan T Nguyen
- Research and Development, NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd., 19090, Willow Grove, PA, USA
| | - Francis X Diamond
- Research and Development, NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd., 19090, Willow Grove, PA, USA
| | - Fredric Rieders
- The Fredric Rieders Family Renaissance Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Huck CW, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Progress in capillary electrophoresis of biomarkers and metabolites between 2002 and 2005. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:111-25. [PMID: 16315181 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker discovery and metabolite research is a fast-growing and extremely important domain not only for the early detection of certain diseases but also for controlling its progress as well as in pharmaceutical investigations. For the analytical separation and identification, CE plays an indisputable role. Capillary systems enhancing different selectivity are applied and connected to different kind of detection systems. As the choice of buffer and its composition is responsible for a successful separation, special emphasis is put on solvent effects in this review. Altogether the most important capillary electrophoretic techniques applied for biomarker and metabolites analysis published between 2002 and 2005 are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of quaternary ammonium alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry coupled with a selective precipitation reaction using Reinecke salt. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Miao H, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Confirmation of peak assignments in capillary electrophoresis using immunoprecipitation. Application to D-aspartate measurements in neurons. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1106:56-60. [PMID: 16199049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is a powerful tool for analysis of samples ranging from tissue extracts to single cells. However, accurate peak identification in electropherograms is challenging when complex biological samples are analyzed, as often matching a migration time between an analyte and corresponding standard may be insufficient to confirm the peak's identity. A method which combines single-step immunoprecipitation and CE-LIF analysis for investigation of the chiral amino acids in single cells and small tissue samples is demonstrated. D-Aspartate (D-Asp) has been reported in the central nervous system of the invertebrate neurobiological model Aplysia californica. In order to confirm the identity of D-Asp signal in the complex electropherograms of nerve tissue extracts and individual neurons, anti-D-Asp serum, preincubated with L-Asp conjugate, is added to the sample. This selectively binds the free D-Asp, creating an antibody-antigen complex with a migration time similar to that of antibody alone, but not that of D-Asp. The complete disappearance of the putative D-Asp peak confirms its identity and validates that there are no other detectable analytes co-migrating with D-Asp in the electropherogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Champaign, School of Chemical Sciences, 600 South Mathews Avenue 63-5, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Ohnesorge J, Sänger-van de Griend C, Wätzig H. Quantification in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: long- and short-term variance components and their compensation using internal standards. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2360-75. [PMID: 15924364 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Different approaches were chosen to examine ionization reproducibility of analytes after separation by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) in a commercially available sheath-flow electrospray interface. For this task three different standard samples were examined. Sample 1 contained neostigmine bromide (cationic), paracetamol (PCM) (neutral) and nicotinic acid (anionic component). Results were evaluated using internal standard (IS) calculations. Sample 2 represented an isotopically labelled IS of the quantified substance (PCM/D4-PCM), while sample 3 (neostigmine bromide/scopolamine hydrobromide) provided an IS closely migrating to the tested substance. Furthermore, short-time variations inside the interface were examined by multiple injections of the same substance. For sample 1, the relative standard deviations (RSD%s) were between 8 and 25% (n at least 58) for the peak area ratios. Multiple injected samples gave 5.5-19.4% (n = 25) for peak area RSD%. Using a closely migrating IS, sample 3, RSD%s between 6.5 and 10% (n at least 63) were achieved. With isotopically labelled IS, sample 2, an RSD% of 3-4% was achieved for peak area ratios over long periods (n = 25), for shorter periods (n = 9) even 1-2% RSD% was obtained. Keeping the instrument settings constant, the influence on the ionization efficiency and reproducibility was tested, varying the buffer pH, the organic buffer modifier and the sample concentration. Repeatabilities of migration time and peak area were measured and compared. Two 10 mM ammonium acetate buffers with pH 4.0 and 8.5 were investigated. No influence of buffer pH on peak area reproducibility was found. Isopropanol as organic buffer modifier significantly improved the ionisation leading to larger peak areas, but reduced reproducibility. The basic buffer produced slightly better RSD%s for migration times (2.5-4.0%) (n = 180) and faster analysis for the different test analytes of sample 1, while with the acetic buffer, RSD%s from 3.9 to 6.0% were obtained (n at least 163). The positioning of the capillary turned out to be the crucial parameter to ensure reproducible results. Thus, a procedure was established to ensure a defined ion-intensity level after capillary changes. The investigation of the different sample concentrations gave negligible differences in RSD%, showing that the signal-to-noise ratio was not the crucial parameter for reproducibility here, in contrast to CE-UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Ohnesorge
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Soga T, Kakazu Y, Robert M, Tomita M, Nishioka T. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2005; 25:1964-1972. [PMID: 15237395 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method to identify and quantify amino acids using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS/MS). Amino acids, including physiological amino acids, were first separated by CE under acidic pH conditions and then detected by MS/MS. To efficiently introduce the whole sample into the capillary, no electrical potential was applied to the electrospray probe until running electrophoresis. The position of the electrosprayer with respect to the MS capillary entrance drastically affected sensitivity and generation of cluster ions. MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection was performed to obtain sufficient selectivity and sensitivity. Under optimized CE-MS/MS conditions, the minimum detectable levels for 32 free amino acids normally found in proteins and other physiological amino acids were between 0.1 and 14 micromol/L with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 3 s (3 nL) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. For most amino acids, this constitutes a severalfold increase in sensitivity compared to CE-MS. The relative standard deviations (% RSD) for all amino acids were better than 0.4% for migration times and between 1.4% and 8.6% for peak areas (n = 10). Since amino acids exhibited characteristic MS/MS spectra, this approach is useful for the simultaneous, selective, quantitative, and reproducible analysis of amino acids in physiological and biological samples that contain various kinds of matrices. The power of the method was demonstrated by analyzing amino acids in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuji Kakazu
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Martin Robert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nishioka
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mass spectrometry detection in capillary electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(05)45009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Yiu K, Ho E, Wan T. Detection of Quaternary Ammonium Drugs in Equine Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Buchberger W, Schöftner R. Determination of low-molecular-mass quaternary ammonium compounds by capillary electrophoresis and hyphenation with mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:2111-2118. [PMID: 12858383 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The determination of quaternary ammonium ions by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is reviewed. The analytes include tetraalkylammonium and alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds frequently used as antiseptic and antibacterial agents as well as in various household products, several plant growth regulators and herbicides, by-products in bile acid sequestrants, and a range of anticholinergic drugs. Besides direct and indirect UV detection, hyphenation with electrospray mass spectrometry is particularly suited for quaternary ammonium ions and may lower the detection limits by two orders of magnitude. In comparison with established liquid chromatographic techniques, CE may exhibits superior separation efficiency. Applications in routine analysis have demonstrated that CE is reliable and robust enough to represent a real alternative to chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Buchberger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
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22
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H Abdine F Belal H, A Al-Badr A. Ipratropium bromide: analytical methods. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2003; 30:101-116. [PMID: 22469542 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-5428(03)30005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Abdine F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy King Saud University P.O. Box 2457 Riyadh - 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1324-1333. [PMID: 11754125 DOI: 10.1002/jms.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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