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Bryszewska MA, Måge A. Determination of selenium and its compounds in marine organisms. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:91-8. [PMID: 25468190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the type and quantity of selenium compounds in fish and marine organisms, using ion-pair reversed phase LC–ICP-MS, developed and applied for the analysis of Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, Greenland halibut, Atlantic herring, blue mussel, common crab, scallop, calanus, and Euphasia super. Of the samples examined, the lowest level of selenium was found in farmed Atlantic salmon (0.17 mg Se kg(−1) dm). The total selenium extraction efficiency by phosphate buffer was 2.5 times higher in sea plankton and shellfish samples than in fish samples. Analysis of Se species in each hydrolysate obtained by proteolysis showed the presence of selenomethionine, which constituted 41.5% of the selenium compounds detected in hydrolysates of Atlantic herring and 98.4% of those in extracts of Atlantic salmon. Inorganic compounds, such as selenates and selenites, were detected mainly in sea plankton and shellfish samples (<0.13 mg Se kg(−1) wm), although no correlation was found between the presence of inorganic compounds and total selenium concentration. The accuracy of the total selenium determination was validated using a certified reference material (oyster tissue (NIST 1566b)). A lyophilised powder of cod (Gadus morhua) was used to validate speciation analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis of lyophilised powder of cod recovered 54 ± 6% of total selenium, and SeMet constituted 83.5 ± 5.28% of selenium detected in hydrolysates. The chromatographic detection limits were, respectively, 0.30 ng mL(−1), 0.43 ng mL(−1), 0.54 ng mL(−1), 0.55 ng mL(−1), 0.57 ng mL(−1) and 0.72 ng mL(−1) for selenate, selenomethionine, selenite, Se-methyl-selenocysteine, selenocystine and selenomethionine selenoxide.The data on selenium concentrations and speciation presented here could be useful in estimating levels of selenium intake by seafood consumption.
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Noblitt S, Staicu LC, Ackerson CJ, Henry CS. Sensitive, selective analysis of selenium oxoanions using microchip electrophoresis with contact conductivity detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8425-32. [PMID: 25033231 PMCID: PMC4139182 DOI: 10.1021/ac502013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The common selenium oxoanions selenite (SeO3(2-)) and selenate (SeO4(2-)) are toxic at intake levels slightly below 1 mg day(-1). These anions are currently monitored by a variety of traditional analytical techniques that are time-consuming, expensive, require large sample volumes, and/or lack portability. To address the need for a fast and inexpensive analysis of selenium oxoanions, we present the first microchip capillary zone electrophoresis (MCE) separation targeting these species in the presence of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, chlorate, sulfamate, methanesulfonate, and fluoride, which can be simultaneously monitored. The chemistry was designed to give high selectivity in nonideal matrices. Interference from common weak acids is avoided by operating near pH 4. Separation resolution from chloride was enhanced to improve tolerance of high-salinity matrices. As a result, selenate can be quantified in the presence of up to 1.5 mM NaCl, and selenite analysis is even more robust against chloride. Using contact conductivity detection, detection limits for samples with conductivity equal to the background electrolyte are 53 nM (4.2 ppb Se) and 380 nM (30 ppb) for selenate and selenite, respectively. Analysis time, including injection, is ∼2 min. The MCE method was validated against ion chromatography (IC) using spiked samples of dilute BBL broth and slightly outperformed the IC in accuracy while requiring <10% of the analysis time. The applicability of the technique to real samples was shown by monitoring the consumption of selenite by bacteria incubated in LB broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott
D. Noblitt
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lucian C. Staicu
- Biology
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ackerson
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Chemistry
Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Falahati H, Wong L, Davarpanah L, Garg A, Schmitz P, Barz DPJ. The zeta potential of PMMA in contact with electrolytes of various conditions: Theoretical and experimental investigation. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:870-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Falahati
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Queen's-RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Lambert Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Queen's-RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Leila Davarpanah
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Abhinandan Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Queen's-RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Peter Schmitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Dominik P. J. Barz
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
- Queen's-RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre; Queen's University; Kingston ON Canada
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Timerbaev AR. Element speciation analysis using capillary electrophoresis: twenty years of development and applications. Chem Rev 2012; 113:778-812. [PMID: 23057472 DOI: 10.1021/cr300199v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Str. 19, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Yang J, Hu M, Cai Y, Tang J, Li H. Determination of uric acid in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3710-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Afton S, Kubachka K, Catron B, Caruso JA. Simultaneous characterization of selenium and arsenic analytes via ion-pairing reversed phase chromatography with inductively coupled plasma and electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry for detection applications to river water, plant extract and urine matrices. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1208:156-63. [PMID: 18778826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With an increased awareness and concern for varying toxicities of the different chemical forms of environmental contaminants such as selenium and arsenic, effective methodologies for speciation are paramount. In general, chromatographic methodologies have been developed using a particular detection system and a unique matrix for single element speciation. In this study, a routine method to speciate selenium and arsenic in a variety of "real world" matrices with elemental and molecular mass spectrometric detection has been successfully accomplished. Specifically, four selenium species, selenite, selenate, selenomethionine and selenocystine, and four arsenic species, arsenite, arsenate, monomethlyarsonate and dimethylarsinate, were simultaneously separated using ion-pairing reversed phase chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma and electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. Using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as the ion-pairing reagent on a C(18) column, the separation and re-equilibration time was attained within 18min. To illustrate the wide range of possible applications, the method was then successfully applied for the detection of selenium and arsenic species found naturally and spiked in river water, plant extract and urine matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Afton
- University of Cincinnati, University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Lin YF, Wang YC, Chang SY. Capillary electrophoresis of aminoglycosides with argon-ion laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1188:331-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Morales R, López-Sánchez JF, Rubio R. Selenium speciation by capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang W, Tang J, Wang S, Zhou L, Hu Z. Method development for the determination of coumarin compounds by capillary electrophoresis with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1148:108-14. [PMID: 17383667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection (ILIFD) method is described for the simultaneous determination of esculin, esculetin, isofraxidin, genistein, naringin and sophoricoside. The baseline separation was achieved within 5 min with running buffer (pH 9.4) composed of 5mM borate, 20% methanol (v/v) as organic modifier, 10(-7)M fluorescein sodium as background fluorophore and 20 kV of applied voltage at 30 degrees C of cartridge temperature. Good linearity relationships (correlation coefficients >0.9900) between the second-order derivative peak-heights (RFU) and concentrations of the analytes (mol L(-1)) were obtained. The detection limits for all analytes in second-order derivative electrophoregrams were in the range of 3.8-15 microM. The RSD data of intra-day for migration times and second-order derivative peak-height were less than 0.95 and 5.02%, respectively. This developed method was applied to the analysis of the courmin compounds in herb plants with recoveries in the range of 94.7-102.1%. In this work, although the detection sensitivity was lower than that of direct LIF, yet the method would extend the application range of LIF detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Kang J, Yin XB, Yang X, Wang E. Electrochemiluminescence quenching as an indirect method for detection of dopamine and epinephrine with capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1732-6. [PMID: 15812842 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) inhibition method was developed as an indirect detection method for the determination of dopamine and epinephrine separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). When the concentration of Ru(bpy)(3) (2+) was 50 muM diluted by 50 mM phosphate (pH 8.5) in the cell and 0.5 M tripropylamine (TPA) was added to the running buffer (10 mM phosphate, pH 9.0), an inhibition of ECL of the Ru(bpy)(3) (2+)/TPA system by the analytes was observed. Under the optimized conditions, the relative standard deviations of migration time and negative peak area were less than 1% and 3%, respectively, for 1 microM dopamine or 1 microM epinephrine (n = 10). Linear ranges of 0.1-10 microM for both analytes and the detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3) of 10 nM for dopamine and 30 nM for epinephrine were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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Fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(05)45006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lu CY, Yan XP. Capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled with hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry for speciation analysis of selenium. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:155-60. [PMID: 15624179 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new method for speciation analysis of two inorganic selenium species was developed by on-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) and on-line conversion of Se(VI) to Se(IV). Baseline separation of Se(VI) and Se(IV) was achieved by CE in a 50 cm x 75 microm inside diameter (ID) fused-silica capillary at -20 kV using a mixture of 15 mmol.L(-1) NaH2PO4 and 0.5 mmol.L(-1) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (pH 7.5) as electrolyte buffer. Se(VI) was on-line reduced to Se(IV) by mixing the CE effluent with concentrated HCl. The precision (relative standard deviation, RSD, n=7) ranged from 0.7 to 1.3% for migration time, 6.4 to 3.7% for peak height response, and 5.9 to 6.1% for peak area for the two selenium species at the 500 microg.L(-1) (as Se) level. The detection limits were 33 and 25 microg.L(-1) (as Se) for Se(VI) and Se(IV), respectively. The recoveries of the two selenium species in five locally collected water samples ranged from 88 to 114%. The developed method was applied to speciation analysis of inorganic selenium species in spiked natural water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials for Adsorption and Separation, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
This review as a sequel of three earlier similar reports gives a summary of the progress and significant methodological developments, starting from 2002, in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for inorganic ion analysis. As substantiated by the illustrative number of relevant references, improvements in sensitivity achieved both in and outside a CE system, advances in manipulating the separation selectivity, novel hardware configurations, and system performance innovations are continually being reported over the review period. Specifically viewed are the recent advancements in elemental (bio)speciation analysis, which remains one of the most fertile areas of CE research, as well as in three recently booming research topics: contactless conductivity detection, separations on microchips, and transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. A state-of-the-art picture of technique's potentialities within the field of interest presented here demonstrates that CE has become recognized and is growing in acceptance as a reliable alternative to traditional analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Abstract
The growing awareness of the strong development of the toxicity of heavy metals upon their chemical forms has led to an increasing interest in the qualitative and quantitative determination of specific metal species. Speciation has therefore become an important topic of present-day analytical research. The development in the elemental speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is reviewed. Various CE separation modes and detection techniques applied are discussed. A comprehensive description of reported methods to date in CE speciation analysis including metals, metalloids and nonmetallic elements is demonstrated. Some examples are presented to demonstrate CE's ability to solve real-world speciation analysis with emphasis on the applications in biological and environmental samples. Further, some issues concerning the limitations and the future of CE with regard to speciation studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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