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Zhang Y, Xun H, Gao Q, Qi F, Sun J, Tang F. Chemical Constituents of the Mushroom Dictyophora indusiata and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062760. [PMID: 36985732 PMCID: PMC10052543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As an edible and medicinal fungus, Dictyophora indusiata is well-known for its morphological elegance, distinctive taste, high nutritional value, and therapeutic properties. In this study, eighteen compounds (1-18) were isolated and identified from the ethanolic extract of D. indusiata; four (1-4) were previously undescribed. Their molecular structures and absolute configurations were determined via a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data (1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, ECD, and XRD). Seven isolated compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activities using an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-simulated BV-2 microglial cells. Compound 3 displayed the strongest inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, with an IC50 value of 11.9 μM. Compound 16 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, with an IC50 value of 13.53 μM. Compound 17 showed the most potent anti-inflammatory capacity by inhibiting the LPS-induced generation of nitric oxide (NO) (IC50: 10.86 μM) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (IC50: 23.9 μM) and by significantly suppressing induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor-α (p-IκB-α) expression at concentrations of 5 μM and 20 μM, respectively (p < 0.01). The modes of interactions between the isolated compounds and the target inflammation-related proteins were investigated in a preliminary molecular docking study. These results provided insight into the chemodiversity and potential anti-inflammatory activities of metabolites with small molecular weights in the mushroom D. indusiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hang Xun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feifei Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
- Eurofins Agroscience Services, Hercules, CA 94547, USA
| | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
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2
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Ruddarraju RR, Kiran G, Murugulla AC, Maroju R, Prasad DK, Kumar BH, Bakshi V, Reddy NS. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of theophylline containing variant acetylene derivatives as α-amylase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103120. [PMID: 31525527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel pharmacophore with theophylline and acetylene moieties was constructed by using a fragment-based drug design and a series of twenty theophylline containing acetylene conjugates were designed and synthesized, and all the compounds were evaluated by enzyme-based in vitro α-amylase inhibition activity. The in vitro evaluation revealed that most of the compounds displayed good inhibitory activities, and among them nine analogs 13-15, 20, 21 and 24-27 were exhibited more or nearly as equipotent inhibitory activity with IC50 values 1.11 ± 0.07, 1.14 ± 0.17, 1.07 ± 0.01 and 1.21 ± 0.03, 1.33 ± 0.09, 1.17 ± 0.01, 1.05 ± 0.02, 1.61 ± 0.04, 1.02 ± 0.03 μM respectively, as compared with standard, acarbose 1.37 ± 0.26 μM. Further, molecular docking simulation studies were done to identify the interactions and binding mode of synthesized analogs at binding site of α-amylase enzyme (PBD ID: 4GQR). Among the synthesized analogs, two compounds 25 and 27 were selected on the basis of α-amylase inhibition activity and evaluated for in vivo anti-diabetic activity by High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) model in normal rats. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, bw, po these compounds have significantly reduced Plasma Glucose level in rats as compared to pioglitazone. The anti-diabetic activity results showed that the animal treated with the compounds 25 and 27 could better reverse and control the progression of the disease compared to the standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnam Raju Ruddarraju
- Dr. MACS Bio-Pharma Pvt. Ltd, Factory: Plot-79/B&C, Pashamylaram, Patancheru, Medak (Dist) 502307, Telangana, India.
| | - Gangarapu Kiran
- Department of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, School of Pharmacy, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal, Telangana 500 088, India.
| | - Adharvana Chari Murugulla
- Dr. MACS Bio-Pharma Pvt. Ltd, Factory: Plot-79/B&C, Pashamylaram, Patancheru, Medak (Dist) 502307, Telangana, India.
| | - Ravichandar Maroju
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad 500 075, Telangana, India
| | - Devarakonda Krishna Prasad
- Department of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, School of Pharmacy, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal, Telangana 500 088, India
| | - Boyina Hemanth Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, School of Pharmacy, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal, Telangana 500 088, India
| | - Vasudha Bakshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, School of Pharmacy, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal, Telangana 500 088, India
| | - Nukala Shravya Reddy
- Department of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, School of Pharmacy, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal, Telangana 500 088, India
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Peintner U, Kuhnert-Finkernagel R, Wille V, Biasioli F, Shiryaev A, Perini C. How to resolve cryptic species of polypores: an example in Fomes. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 32647621 PMCID: PMC7325651 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Species that cannot be easily distinguished based on morphology, but which form distinct phylogenetic lineages based on molecular markers, are often referred to as cryptic species. They have been proposed in a number of fungal genera, including the basidiomycete genus Fomes. The main aim of this work was to test new methods for species delimitation in cryptic lineages of polypores, and to define useful characters for species identification. A detailed examination of a number of different Fomes strains that had been collected and isolated from different habitats in Italy and Austria confirmed the presence of distinct lineages in the Fomes fomentarius clade. Our zero hypothesis was that the Mediterranean strains growing on Quercus represent a species which can be delimited based on morphological and physiological characters when they are evaluated in statistically relevant numbers. This hypothesis was tested based on phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA ITS region, morphological characters of basidiomes and pure cultures, growth rates and optimum growth temperature experiments, mycelial confrontation tests, enzyme activity tests and volatile organic compound (VOC) production. The Mediterranean lineage can unambiguously be delimited from F. fomentarius. A syntype of an obscure and previously synonymized name, Polyporus inzengae, represents the Mediterranean lineage that we recognize as Fomes inzengae, a distinct species. The rDNA ITS region is useful for delimitation of Fomes species. Moreover, also a variety of morphological characters including hymenophore pore size, basidiospore size, and diameter of skeletal hyphae are useful delimiting characters. The ecology is also very important, because the plant host appears to be a central factor driving speciation. Physiological characters turned also out to be species-specific, e.g. daily mycelial growth rates or the temperature range of pure cultures. The production of VOCs can be considered as a very promising tool for fast and reliable species delimitation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Peintner
- University Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Viana Wille
- University Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’ Adige, Italy
| | - Anton Shiryaev
- Vegetation & Mycobiota Diversity Department, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UrB RAS), 8 March str., 202/3, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Claudia Perini
- Department of Life Sciences, University Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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4
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Abstract
Acetylenic metabolites belong to a class of molecules containing triple bond(s). They are found in plants, fungi, microorganisms, and marine invertebrates. This review presents 139 active acetylenic molecules of plant, fungal, and soil bacterial origin that reveal cytotoxic and/or anticancer activities. Although many compounds of this group possess encouraging characteristics, they have never been evaluated as potential anticancer agents. They are of great interest, especially for the medicine and/or pharmaceutical industries. Here we describe structures and biological activities of acetylenic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 12065, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dmitri O Levitsky
- CNRS UMR 6204, Biotechnologie, Biocatalyse et Biorégulation, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, P.O. Box 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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5
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Lee S, Behringer G, Hung R, Bennett J. Effects of fungal volatile organic compounds on Arabidopsis thaliana growth and gene expression. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Liarzi O, Bucki P, Braun Miyara S, Ezra D. Bioactive Volatiles from an Endophytic Daldinia cf. concentrica Isolate Affect the Viability of the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne javanica. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168437. [PMID: 27997626 PMCID: PMC5173030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes form one of the largest sources of biotic stress imposed on plants, and are very difficult to control; among them are the obligate parasites, the sedentary root-knot nematodes (RKNs)-Meloidogyne spp.-which are extremely polyphagous and exploit a very wide range of hosts. Endophytic fungi are organisms that spend most of their life cycle within plant tissue without causing visible damage to the host plant. Many endophytes secrete specialized metabolites and/or emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that exhibit biological activity. Recently, we demonstrated that the endophytic fungus Daldinia cf. concentrica secrets biologically active VOCs. Here we examined the ability of the fungus and its VOCs to control the RKN M. javanica both in vitro and greenhouse experiments. The D. cf. concentrica VOCs showed bionematicidal activity against the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. javanica. We found that exposure of J2s to fungal volatiles caused 67% reduction in viability, and that application of a synthetic volatile mixture (SVM), comprising 3-methyl-1-butanol, (±)-2-methyl-1-butanol, 4-heptanone, and isoamyl acetate, in volumetric ratio of 1:1:2:1 further reduced J2s viability by 99%. We demonstrated that, although each of the four VOCs significantly reduced the viability of J2s relative to the control, only 4-heptanone elicited the same effect as the whole mixture, with nematicidal activity of 90% reduction in viability of the J2s. Study of the effect of the SVM on egg hatching demonstrated that it decreased eggs hatching by 87%. Finally, application of the SVM to soil inoculated with M. javanica eggs or J2s prior to planting susceptible tomato plants resulted in a significantly reduced galling index and fewer eggs produced on each root system, with no effect on root weight. Thus, D. cf. concentrica and/or SVM based on fungal VOCs may be considered as a novel alternative approach to controlling the RKN M. javanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Liarzi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Patricia Bucki
- Department of Entomology and the Nematology and Chemistry units, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sigal Braun Miyara
- Department of Entomology and the Nematology and Chemistry units, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David Ezra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO - the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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7
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Liarzi O, Bar E, Lewinsohn E, Ezra D. Use of the Endophytic Fungus Daldinia cf. concentrica and Its Volatiles as Bio-Control Agents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168242. [PMID: 27977739 PMCID: PMC5158029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are organisms that spend most of their life cycle within plant tissues without causing any visible damage to the host plant. Many endophytes were found to secrete specialized metabolites and/or emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may be biologically active and assist fungal survival inside the plant as well as benefit their hosts. We report on the isolation and characterization of a VOCs-emitting endophytic fungus, isolated from an olive tree (Olea europaea L.) growing in Israel; the isolate was identified as Daldinia cf. concentrica. We found that the emitted VOCs were active against various fungi from diverse phyla. Results from postharvest experiments demonstrated that D. cf. concentrica prevented development of molds on organic dried fruits, and eliminated Aspergillus niger infection in peanuts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the volatiles led to identification of 27 VOCs. On the basis of these VOCs we prepared two mixtures that displayed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity. In postharvest experiments these mixtures prevented development of molds on wheat grains, and fully eliminated A. niger infection in peanuts. In light of these findings, we suggest use of D. cf. concentrica and/or its volatiles as an alternative approach to controlling phytopathogenic fungi in the food industry and in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Liarzi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Einat Bar
- Newe Ya'ar Regional Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | | | - David Ezra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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8
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Strobel G. The story of mycodiesel. Curr Opin Microbiol 2014; 19:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Strobel GA. Methods of discovery and techniques to study endophytic fungi producing fuel-related hydrocarbons. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:259-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Kuklev DV, Domb AJ, Dembitsky VM. Bioactive acetylenic metabolites. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1145-1159. [PMID: 23871125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on anticancer, and other biological activities of acetylenic metabolites obtained from plants and fungi. Acetylenic compounds belong to a class of molecules containing triple bond(s). Naturally occurring acetylenics are of particular interest since many of them display important biological activities and possess antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and immunosuppressive properties. There are of great interest for medicine, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and pharmaceutical industries. This review presents structures and describes cytotoxic activities of more than 100 acetylenic metabolites, including fatty alcohols, ketones, and acids, acetylenic cyclohexanoids, spiroketal enol ethers, and carotenoids isolated from fungi and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Kuklev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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Zhi-Lin Y, Yi-Cun C, Bai-Ge X, Chu-Long Z. Current perspectives on the volatile-producing fungal endophytes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 32:363-73. [PMID: 22458418 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.651429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial-derived volatiles are ubiquitous in the environment and actively engaged in bio-communication with other organisms. Recently, some volatile-producing endophytes (VPEs), cryptic fungal symbionts persisting in healthy plant tissues, have attracted great attention due to their strong antibiotic activity or production of carbon chains that are identical to many of those found in petroleum, while other fragrant volatiles can be used in the flavoring industries. From an application-oriented and biotechnological point of view, these findings show significant promise for sustainable development of agriculture, forestry, and industry, especially in the control of fruit postharvest diseases, soil-borne pathogen management, and bio-fuel production. In comparison, the ecological importance of VPEs has only rarely been addressed and warrants further exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and future directions in this fascinating research field, and also highlight the constraints and progresses towards commercialization of VPEs products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhi-Lin
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, 311400, China.
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12
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Griffin MA, Spakowicz DJ, Gianoulis TA, Strobel SA. Volatile organic compound production by organisms in the genus Ascocoryne and a re-evaluation of myco-diesel production by NRRL 50072. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 156:3814-3829. [PMID: 20705658 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.041327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Patagonian fungal endophyte NRRL 50072 is reported to produce a variety of medium-chain and highly branched volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have been highlighted for their potential as fuel alternatives and are collectively termed myco-diesel. To assess the novelty of this observation, we determined the extent to which ten closely related Ascocoryne strains from commercial culture collections possess similar VOC production capability. DNA sequencing established a high genetic similarity between NRRL 50072 and each Ascocoryne isolate, consistent with its reassignment as Ascocoryne sarcoides. The Ascocoryne strains did not produce highly branched medium-chain-length alkanes, and efforts to reproduce the branched alkane production of NRRL 50072 were unsuccessful. However, we confirmed the production of 30 other products and expanded the list of VOCs for NRRL 50072 and members of the genus Ascocoryne. VOCs detected from the cultures consisted of short- and medium-chain alkenes, ketones, esters and alcohols and several sesquiterpenes. Ascocoryne strains NRRL 50072 and CBS 309.71 produced a more diverse range of volatiles than the other isolates tested. CBS 309.71 also showed enhanced production compared with other strains when grown on cellulose agar. Collectively, the members of the genus Ascocoryne demonstrated production of over 100 individual compounds, with a third of the short- and medium-chain compounds also produced when cultures were grown on a cellulose substrate. This comparative production analysis could facilitate future studies to identify and manipulate the biosynthetic machinery responsible for production of individual VOCs, including several that have a potential application as biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Griffin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tara A Gianoulis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott A Strobel
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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13
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Letter to the Editor. J Food Sci 2010; 75:x. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Mitchell AM, Strobel GA, Moore E, Robison R, Sears J. Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 156:270-277. [PMID: 19797357 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.032540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscodor crispans is a recently described novel endophytic fungus of Ananas ananassoides (wild pineapple) growing in the Bolivian Amazon Basin. The fungus produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); some of the major components of this mixture, as determined by GC/MS, are propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester; propanoic acid, 2-methyl-; 1-butanol, 3-methyl-;1-butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate; propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester; and ethanol. The fungus does not, however, produce naphthalene or azulene derivatives as has been observed with many other members of the genus Muscodor. The mixture of VOCs produced by M. crispans cultures possesses antibiotic properties, as does an artificial mixture of a majority of the components. The VOCs of the fungus are effective against a wide range of plant pathogens, including the fungi Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Mycosphaerella fijiensis (the black sigatoka pathogen of bananas), and the serious bacterial pathogen of citrus, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. In addition, the VOCs of M. crispans killed several human pathogens, including Yersinia pestis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. Artificial mixtures of the fungal VOCs were both inhibitory and lethal to a number of human and plant pathogens, including three drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The gaseous products of Muscodor crispans potentially could prove to be beneficial in the fields of medicine, agriculture, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Mitchell
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gary A Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Emily Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Richard Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joe Sears
- Center for Lab Services/RJ Lee Group, 2710 North 20th Ave, Pasco, WA 99301, USA
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15
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Stadler M, Schulz B. High energy biofuel from endophytic fungi? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2009; 14:353-355. [PMID: 19556159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A paper entitled 'The production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072)' (Strobel et al., Microbiology 154, 3319-3328, 2008) demonstrated for the first time that a fungal endophyte can produce volatile hydrocarbons, which are major constituents of diesel fuel. The possible implications of this finding with regards to potential commercial applications and the ecological role of volatiles in endophyte-host relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Stadler
- Department of Mycology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, Germany.
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16
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Strobel GA, Knighton B, Kluck K, Ren Y, Livinghouse T, Griffin M, Spakowicz D, Sears J. The production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072). MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2008; 154:3319-3328. [PMID: 18957585 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/022186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic fungus, Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072), produced a series of volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives on an oatmeal-based agar under microaerophilic conditions as analysed by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME)-GC/MS. As an example, this organism produced an extensive series of the acetic acid esters of straight-chained alkanes including those of pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, sec-octyl and decyl alcohols. Other hydrocarbons were also produced by this organism, including undecane, 2,6-dimethyl; decane, 3,3,5-trimethyl; cyclohexene, 4-methyl; decane, 3,3,6-trimethyl; and undecane, 4,4-dimethyl. Volatile hydrocarbons were also produced on a cellulose-based medium, including heptane, octane, benzene, and some branched hydrocarbons. An extract of the host plant, Eucryphia cordifolia (ulmo), supported the growth and hydrocarbon production of this fungus. Quantification of volatile organic compounds, as measured by proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), indicated a level of organic substances in the order of 80 p.p.m.v. (parts per million by volume) in the air space above the oatmeal agar medium in an 18 day old culture. Scaling the PTR-MS profile the acetic acid heptyl ester was quantified (at 500 p.p.b.v.) and subsequently the amount of each compound in the GC/MS profile could be estimated; all yielded a total value of about 4.0 p.p.m.v. The hydrocarbon profile of G. roseum contains a number of compounds normally associated with diesel fuel and so the volatiles of this fungus have been dubbed 'myco-diesel'. Extraction of liquid cultures of the fungus revealed the presence of numerous fatty acids and other lipids. All of these findings have implications in energy production and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Berk Knighton
- Department of Chemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Katreena Kluck
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Yuhao Ren
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Tom Livinghouse
- Department of Chemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Meghan Griffin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Spakowicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joe Sears
- Center for Lab Services/RJ Lee Group, 2710 North 20th Ave, Pasco, WA 99301, USA
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17
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Gogoi D, Mazumder S, Saikia R, Bora T. Impact of submerged culture conditions on growth and bioactive metabolite produced by endophyte Hypocrea spp. NSF-08 isolated from Dillenia indica Linn. in North-East India. J Mycol Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Gogoi DK, Deka Boruah HP, Saikia R, Bora TC. Optimization of process parameters for improved production of bioactive metabolite by a novel endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. DF2 isolated from Taxus wallichiana of North East India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Luque-Almagro VM, Huertas MJ, Roldán MD, Moreno-Vivián C, Martínez-Luque M, Blasco R, Castillo F. The cyanotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 responds to cyanide by defence mechanisms against iron deprivation, oxidative damage and nitrogen stress. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:1541-9. [PMID: 17504491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis approach has been used to test protein expression changes in response to cyanide in the alkaliphilic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344. This is a cyanide-assimilating strain which also grows in media containing cyanide-enriched effluent from the jewellery industry. The bacterium efficiently uses this residue as the sole nitrogen source for aerobic growth under alkaline pH with negligible nitrogen losses as HCN. Cell-free extracts isolated from P. pseudoalcaligenes grown with a jewellery residue, free cyanide or ammonium chloride as nitrogen source were subjected to 2-D electrophoresis and the spot patterns were examined to determine differential protein expression. Electrophoretic plates exhibiting an average of 1000 spots showed significant differences in the expression of about 44 proteins depending on the nitrogen source. Some of these protein spots were analysed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Characterization of five of these proteins reveals that cyanide shock induces proteins related to iron acquisition, regulation of nitrogen assimilation pathways and oxidative stress repairing and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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20
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Pinches SE, Apps P. Production in food of 1,3-pentadiene and styrene by Trichoderma species. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 116:182-5. [PMID: 17360064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of two strains of Trichoderma, isolated from food, to produce the Volatile Organic Compounds 1,3-pentadiene and styrene was investigated. One of the strains had been implicated in a case of food spoilage involving the production of both compounds. In vitro in potato dextrose broth, the strains produced both 1,3-pentadiene and styrene within 5 days in the presence of sorbic acid and cinnamic acid. The taints were produced only in the presence of sorbic acid and cinnamic acid and were not synthesised de novo under the test conditions. Neither the conversion of cinnamic acid to styrene, nor the conversion of sorbic acid to 1,3-pentadiene by Trichoderma strains in foods has been previously reported. The range of organisms implicated in these types of spoilage is thus extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Pinches
- Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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21
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Abstract
This review is a comprehensive survey of acetylenic lipids and their derivatives, obtained from living organisms, that have anticancer activity. Acetylenic metabolites belong to a class of molecules containing triple bond(s). They are found in plants, fungi, microorganisms, and marine invertebrates. Although acetylenes are common as components of terrestrial plants, fungi, and bacteria, it is only within the last 30 years that biologically active polyacetylenes having unusual structural features have been reported from plants, cyanobacteria, algae, invertebrates, and other sources. Naturally occurring aquatic acetylenes are of particular interest since many of them display important biological activities and possess antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifouling, antifungal, pesticidal, phototoxic, HIV-inhibitory, and immunosuppressive properties. There is no doubt that they are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and/or pharmaceutical industries. This review presents structures and describes cytotoxic and anticancer activities only for more than 300 acetylenic lipids and their derivatives isolated from living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 12065, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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22
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Abstract
Indoor mould development can occur following the accumulation of free water associated with a susceptible building material. Upon entry of viable fungal propagules from outdoors, the fungus becomes attached to a susceptible substrate. Vegetative growth begins if the appropriate environmental conditions exist, the primary ones being ample free water and a susceptible substrate that can provide the necessary nutrients for fungal growth. Extracellular fungal enzymes are released into the immediate environment surrounding the fungus from which nutrients are absorbed resulting in biodeterioration of building materials. As the fungal vegetative growth expands, fungal reproductive propagules such as conidia, ascospores, basidiospores, and viable hyphal units develop that are typically carried by air currents to new sites within the indoor environment. The indoor fungal ecologic niche is a complex ecosystem where different fungal species interact among themselves and with bacteria, insects, and mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McGinnis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston, TX 77555-0740, USA.
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23
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Strobel G. Harnessing endophytes for industrial microbiology. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006; 9:240-4. [PMID: 16647289 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms exist within the living tissues of most plant species. They are most abundant in rainforest plants. Novel endophytes usually have associated with them novel secondary natural products and/or processes. Muscodor is a novel endophytic fungal genus that produces bioactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This fungus, as well as its VOCs, has enormous potential for uses in agriculture, industry and medicine. Muscodor albus produces a mixture of VOCs that act synergistically to kill a wide variety of plant and human pathogenic fungi and bacteria. This mixture of gases consists primarily of various alcohols, acids, esters, ketones and lipids. Artificial mixtures of the VOCs mimic the biological effects of the fungal VOCs when tested against a wide range of fungal and bacterial pathogens. Many practical applications for 'mycofumigation' by M. albus have been investigated and the fungus is now in the market place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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24
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Strobel G. Muscodor albus and its biological promise. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:514-22. [PMID: 16491360 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have found a novel fungal genus that produces extremely bioactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This fungal isolate was initially discovered as an endophyte in Cinnamomum zeylanicum in a botanical garden in Honduras. This endophytic fungus, Muscodor albus, produces a mixture of VOCs that are lethal to a wide variety of plant and human pathogenic fungi and bacteria. It is also effective against nematodes and certain insects. The mixture of VOCs has been analyzed using GC/MS and consists primarily of various alcohols, acids, esters, ketones, and lipids. Final verification of the identity of the VOCs was carried out by using artificial mixtures of the putatively identified compounds and showing that the artificial mixture possessed the identical retention times and mass spectral qualities as those of the fungal derived substances. Artificial mixtures of the VOCs nicely mimicked the biological effects of the fungal VOCs when tested against a wide range of fungal and bacterial pathogens. Potential applications for "mycofumigation" by M. albus are currently being investigated and include uses for treating various plant parts, and human wastes. Another promising option includes its use to replace methyl bromide fumigation as a means to control soil-borne plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Abstract
Mold growth within homes and other buildings has been associated to varying degrees with human health problems. These problems vary from allergenic disease to toxicosis. Case definitions for mold exposure have not been adequately defined to allow for a pathognomonic diagnosis of mold-caused disease following indoor exposure. Some important factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of indoor mold induced disease include beta (1,3)-D-glucans, outer cell wall fungal hydrophobins, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin, fungal volatile organic compounds, mycotoxins, and stachylysin. The information in this contribution was presented as the ISHAM Presidential address as a means to clarify some of the confusing surrounding indoor mold-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McGinnis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA.
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