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Xu X, Han Y, Zhang B, Ren Q, Ma J, Liu S. Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:132. [PMID: 38368403 PMCID: PMC10874090 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregated factors and cells in inflamed CSF may represent candidate targets for therapy. The physiological barriers in the brain, such as the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), establish a stable environment for the distribution of resident immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which peripheral immune cells migrate into the brain and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis in CSF are still unclear. To advance our understanding of the causal link between brain diseases and immune cell status, we investigated the characteristics of immune cell changes in CSF and the molecular mechanisms involved in common brain diseases. Furthermore, we summarized the diagnostic and treatment methods for brain diseases in which immune cells and related cytokines in CSF are used as targets. Further investigations of the new immune cell subtypes and their contributions to the development of brain diseases are needed to improve diagnostic specificity and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binlong Zhang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- JST Sarcopenia Research Centre, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
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2
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Shimizu M. Clinical Features of Cytokine Storm Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1448:33-42. [PMID: 39117806 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a severe life-threatening condition characterized by a clinical phenotype of overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinemia, hemodynamic instability, and multiple organ failure (MOF), and, if untreated, it can potentially lead to death. The hallmark of CSS is an uncontrolled and dysfunctional immune response involving the continual activation and expansion of lymphocytes and macrophages, which secrete large amounts of cytokines, causing a cytokine storm. Many clinical features of CSS can be explained by the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-18 [1-7]. These cytokines are elevated in most patients with CSS as well as in animal models of CSS [8, 9]. A constellation of symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities occurs that depends on the severity of the syndrome, the underlying predisposing conditions, and the triggering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Vastert SJ, Canny SP, Canna SW, Schneider R, Mellins ED. Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1448:323-353. [PMID: 39117825 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) has widely been referred to as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). In this chapter, we use the term sJIA-associated CSS (sJIA-CSS) when referring to this syndrome and use the term MAS when referencing publications that specifically report on sJIA-associated MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan J Vastert
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology & Immunology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan P Canny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott W Canna
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rayfel Schneider
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Mellins
- Divisions of Human Gene Therapy and Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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4
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Baggio C, Bindoli S, Guidea I, Doria A, Oliviero F, Sfriso P. IL-18 in Autoinflammatory Diseases: Focus on Adult Onset Still Disease and Macrophages Activation Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11125. [PMID: 37446301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in various innate and adaptive immune processes related to infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Therefore, it is described as a key mediator of autoinflammatory diseases associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still's disease. This review focuses on the role of IL-18 in inflammatory responses, placing emphasis on autoinflammatory diseases associated with chronic excess of serum IL-18, which correlate with clinical and biological signs of the disease. Therefore, it is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity. Researchers are currently investigating IL-18's role as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The inhibition of IL-18 signaling through recombinant human IL-18BP (IL-18 binding protein) seems to be an effective therapeutic strategy, though further studies are necessary to clarify its importance as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baggio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Irina Guidea
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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5
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Bi Z, Zhan J, Zhang Q, Gao H, Yang M, Ge H, Gui M, Lin J, Bu B. Clinical and immune-related factors associated with exacerbation in adults with well-controlled generalized myasthenia gravis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177249. [PMID: 37266422 PMCID: PMC10230065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the clinical predictors and immune-related factors for exacerbation in adults with well-controlled generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 585 adults with well-controlled GMG from our institution to explore the risk factors for exacerbation. Furthermore, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare the proportions of lymphocyte subsets, and the levels of immunoglobulin, complement, and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-ab) in the peripheral blood of 111 patients with exacerbations and 72 patients without exacerbations. Results A total of 404 patients (69.1%) experienced at least one exacerbation, and the median (interquartile range) time to the first exacerbation was 1.5 years (0.8-3.1 years). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that age at onset, disease duration before enrollment, Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification (MGFA) class III vs. class II, MGFA class IV-V vs. class II, AChR-ab levels, anti-muscle specific kinase antibody levels, thymus hyperplasia, prednisone plus immunosuppressants vs. prednisone treatment, and thymectomy were independent predictors for exacerbations [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.011, 1.031, 1.580, 1.429, 2.007, 2.033, 1.461, 0.798, and 0.651, respectively]. Propensity-matched analysis compared 51 patient pairs. After PSM, the peripheral blood proportions of CD3-CD19+ B cells, ratios of CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ T cells, and AChR-ab levels were significantly increased, and the peripheral blood proportions of CD3+CD8+ T and CD4+CD25+CD127low+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly lower in patients with exacerbation than in those without exacerbation (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Myasthenia gravis (MG) exacerbations were more frequent in those patients with older onset age, longer disease duration, more severe MGFA classification, positive AChR-ab, and lack of combined immunotherapy or thymectomy treatment. On the other hand, CD3-CD19+ B cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, Tregs, and AChR-ab in peripheral blood may be involved in the course of GMG exacerbation.
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Prado GHJD, Sardeli AV, Lord JM, Cavaglieri CR. The effects of ageing, BMI and physical activity on blood IL-15 levels: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111933. [PMID: 36007720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to test the effect of ageing, BMI, physical activity and chronic exercise on IL-15 blood concentration by meta-analyses of the literature. METHODS The search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase and Cochrane databases. First meta-analysis compared blood IL-15 of healthy adults across three age groups (<35 years, 35-65 years, and >65 years), considering BMI as confounding factor; the second compared IL-15 levels between physically active and non-physically active individuals (cross-sectional studies); and the third tested the effect of chronic exercise interventions on blood IL-15 levels on participants of any age, sex, and health condition. RESULTS From 2582 studies retrieved, 67 were selected for the three meta-analyses (age effect: 59; physical activity cross-sectional effect: 5; chronic exercise effect: 14). Older adults had lower blood IL-15 than young and middle-aged adults (5.30 pg/ml [4.76; 5.83]; 7.11 pg/ml [6.33; 7.88]; 7.10 pg/ml [5.55; 8.65], respectively). However, the subgroup of overweight older adults had higher IL-15 than young and middle aged overweight adults; Habitual physical activity did not affect blood IL-15 (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.61 [-0.65; 1.88], p = 0.34); Chronic exercise reduced blood IL-15 in short-term interventions (<16 weeks) (SMD -0.14 [-0.27; -0.01], p = 0.04), but not studies of >16 weeks of intervention (SMD 0.44 [-0.26; 1.15], p = 0.22). CONCLUSION The present meta-analyses highlight the complex interaction of age, BMI and physical activity on blood IL-15 and emphasize the need to take these factors into account when considering the role of this myokine in health throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Veiga Sardeli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Janet Mary Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Shimizu M, Takei S, Mori M, Yachie A. Pathogenic roles and diagnostic utility of interleukin-18 in autoinflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951535. [PMID: 36211331 PMCID: PMC9537046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pleiotropic, pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-18 has attracted increasing attention as a key mediator in autoinflammatory diseases associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still’s disease. In these diseases, dysregulation of inflammasome activity and overproduction of IL-18 might be associated with the development of MAS by inducing natural killer cell dysfunction. Serum IL-18 levels are high in patients with these diseases and therefore are useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity. In contrast, a recent study revealed the overproduction of IL-18 was present in cases of autoinflammation without susceptibility to MAS such as pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) syndrome. The pathogenic and causative roles of IL-18 remain unclear in these autoinflammatory diseases. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the role of IL-18 and its importance as a therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Shimizu,
| | - Syuji Takei
- Department of Pediatrics, Field of Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Division of Medical Safety, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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8
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Dizaji Asl K, Mazloumi Z, Majidi G, Kalarestaghi H, Sabetkam S, Rafat A. NK cell dysfunction is linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:559-568. [PMID: 35833321 PMCID: PMC9350078 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 first raised from Wuhan City, Hubei Province in November 2019. The respiratory disorder, cough, weakness, fever are the main clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Natural Killer (NK) cells as a first defense barrier of innate immune system have an essential role in early defense against pulmonary virus. They kill the infected cells by inducing apoptosis or the degranulation of perforin and granzymes. Collectively, NK cells function are coordinated by the transmitted signals from activating and inhibitory receptors. It is clear that the cytotoxic function of NK cells is disrupted in COVID-19 patients due to the dysregulation of activating and inhibitory receptors. Therefore, better understanding of the activating and inhibitory receptors mechanism could facilitate the treatment strategy in clinic. To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in COVID-19 patients, the functional detail of NK cell and manipulation of their key checkpoints are gathered in current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr HospitalTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTabrizIran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Medical Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Ghazal Majidi
- Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of MedicineArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | - Shahnaz Sabetkam
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTabrizIran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Department of Anatomical SciencesTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Anatomical Sciences Research CenterKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
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9
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Fathollahi A, Samimi LN, Akhlaghi M, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. The role of NK cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1063-1073. [PMID: 34580740 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system which not only provides a primary response to pathogenic conditions but can also play an important regulatory role in immune responses. Furthermore, these cells can influence immune responses by affecting other involved cells. Human NK cells can be classified as CD56dim and CD56bright; the former demonstrates mostly cytotoxic effects, while the latter comprises mostly tolerant or regulatory NK cells. These cells participate in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their role remains still unclear. METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases to review and analyze relevant literature on the impact of NK cells in the pathogenesis of RA. RESULTS Although the percentage of NK cells increases in peripheral blood of RA patients compared to healthy individuals, the cytotoxic function of these cells is impaired. It is demonstrated by reduced "perforin+ NK cells" and decreased per-cell lytic function. These cytotoxic NK cells may control the pathogenic bone absorptive function of osteoclasts by directly targeting these cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the evidence collected in the current review emphasizes the possible protective role of CD56dim NK cells in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Fathollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nejatbakhsh Samimi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maassoumeh Akhlaghi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA). An immunological feature is the excessive activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Massive hypercytokinemia is strongly associated with its pathogenesis, particularly the overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-18; interferon (IFN)-γ; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, heterozygous mutations in causative genes for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and in vivo exposure to highly elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-18 might induce natural killer cell dysfunction and decrease their numbers, respectively. A proper diagnosis is important to begin appropriate therapeutic interventions and change an unfavorable prognosis. The 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for MAS have a high diagnostic performance; however, the diagnostic sensitivity for onset is relatively low. Therefore, careful monitoring of laboratory values during the course of MAS is necessary to diagnose it early in s-JIA. Further studies on the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity using serum cytokine profile and a targeted cytokine strategy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Zhao D, Yang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Tim-3 associated with apoptotic NK cells and disease activity in SLE. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) has been found to play important roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however, whether Tim-3 is involved in apoptosis of NK cells in SLE remains unknown. The proportion of CD3−CD56+ NK cells and the percentage of AnnexinV+ NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry in SLE patients and healthy controls. Tim-3 expression on NK cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. We firstly observed a decreased proportion of NK cells and an increased proportion of apoptotic NK cells in SLE patients. The proportion of apoptotic NK cells was positively correlated with anti-dsDNA and SLEDAI. Tim-3 expression on NK cells was up-regulated in SLE patients. Further analysis showed that Tim-3 expression on NK cells was negatively correlated with the proportion of apoptotic NK cells, anti-dsDNA and SLEDAI, while positively correlated with the proportion of NK cells. The present results suggest that Tim-3 might play roles in SLE by regulating the apoptosis of NK cells and Tim-3 might serve as a potential target for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji’nan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji’nan, China
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12
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McQuaid SL, Loughran ST, Power PA, Maguire P, Szczygiel A, Johnson PA. Low-dose IL-2 induces CD56 bright NK regulation of T cells via NKp44 and NKp46. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:228-241. [PMID: 31989589 PMCID: PMC7232012 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 has shown clinical benefits in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Both regulatory T cells (Tregs ) and natural killer (NK) cells are increased in response to low-dose IL-2 immunotherapy. The role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases has been extensively studied; however, NK cells have not been as thoroughly explored. It has not been well reported whether the increase in NK cells is purely an epiphenomenon or carries actual benefits for patients with autoimmune diseases. We demonstrate that low-dose IL-2 expands the primary human CD56bright NK cells resulting in a contact-dependent cell cycle arrest of effector T cells (Teffs ) via retention of the cycle inhibitor p21. We further show that NK cells respond via IL-2R-β, which has been shown to be significant for immunity by regulating T cell expansion. Moreover, we demonstrate that blocking NK receptors NKp44 and NKp46 but not NKp30 could abrogate the regulation of proliferation associated with low-dose IL-2. The increase in NK cells was also accompanied by an increase in Treg cells, which is dependent on the presence of CD56bright NK cells. These results not only heighten the importance of NK cells in low-dose IL-2 therapy but also identify key human NK targets, which may provide further insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of low-dose IL-2 in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. L. McQuaid
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- Mason Technology LtdDublinIreland
| | - S. T. Loughran
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- Department of Applied ScienceDundalk Institute of TechnologyDundalkIreland
| | - P. A. Power
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- Technological University DublinDublinIreland
| | - P. Maguire
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- School of BiotechnologyDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | - A. Szczygiel
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | - P. A. Johnson
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW IL-18 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-18 pro-inflammatory activities are finely regulated in vivo by the inhibitory effects of the soluble IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP). The elevation of circulating levels of IL-18 has been described in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). In the recent years, the role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), also referred to as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), in the context of autoinflammatory diseases, including sJIA, is emerging. RECENT FINDINGS A large number of studies in patients and animal models pointed to the imbalance in IL-18/IL-18BP levels, causing increased systemic levels of free bioactive IL-18, as a predisposing factor in the development of MAS. Although the exact mechanisms involved in the development of MAS are not clearly understood, increasing evidence demonstrate the role of IL-18 in upregulating the production of interferon (IFN)-γ. SUMMARY On the basis of the first emerging data on the possibility of blocking IL-18, we here discuss the scientific rationale for neutralizing the IL-18/IFNγ axis in the prevention and treatment of sHLH and MAS.
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Soares JL, Oliveira EM, Pontillo A. Variants in NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome associate with susceptibility and severity of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 29:26-34. [PMID: 30658261 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune and inflammatory characteristics, and a still uncertain pathogenesis. Early events as well as evolution of MS are heterogeneous (three main clinical forms) and multifactorial. Genome-wide association studies indicate that MS pathogenesis shares features with both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Innate immunity has been recently proved to be an important factor in MS. Genetic variants in inflammasome components have been associated with both autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, letting us hypothesize that inflammasome, and related cytokines IL-1ß and IL-18, could represent important contributors in MS pathogenesis, and eventually explain, at least in part, the heterogeneity observed in MS patients. AIM To evaluate the contribution of inflammasome in MS, in term of (a) genetic effect on development, severity and/or prognosis, and (b) complex activation in peripheral blood as a measure of systemic inflammation. METHODS Functional genetic variants in inflammasome components were analyzed in a cohort of MS patients, by the use of allele-specific assays and qPCR. Multivariate analysis was performed based on clinical form (recurrent remittent/RR, primary progressive/PP or secondary progressive/SP), severity index (EDSS) and progression index (PI), response to IFN-ß treatment. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) of patients were examined for inflammasome activation and expression profile. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Variants associated with low serum levels of IL-18 were significantly less frequent in MS patients than in controls, suggesting a protective role of diminished IL-18-mediate inflammation in MS development. On the other hands, gain-of-function variants in NLRP3 (Q705K) and IL1B (-511 C >T) associated with severity and progression of MS, suggesting that a constitutive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome could represent a risk factor for MS clinical presentation. Accordingly, -511C >T SNP resulted more frequent in progressive forms than in RR MS, reinforcing the idea that increased inflammasome activation characterized bad prognosis of MS. Altogether these findings corroborate previous data about the harmful role of NLRP3 inflammasome in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Moreover, we reported for the first time the beneficial effect of NLRC4 rs479333 G >C variant in MS progression and in the response to IFN-ß treatment. This intronic polymorphism have been previously associated to decreased NLRC4 transcription and low IL-18 serum level, indicated once more that less activation of inflammasome and IL-18 production are beneficial for MS patients. PBM analysis showed that MS cells express higher level of inflammasome genes than HD ones, and are more prone to respond to a classical NLRP3 stimulus than HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaine Ls Soares
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP). Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1730, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enedina Ml Oliveira
- Ambulatório de Doenças Desmielinizantes, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP). Rua Pedro de Toledo 650, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratorio de Imunogenetica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP). Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1730, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Abstract
Initially described as an interferon (IFN)γ‐inducing factor, interleukin (IL)‐18 is indeed involved in Th1 and NK cell activation, but also in Th2, IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells and macrophage activation. IL‐18, a member of the IL‐1 family, is similar to IL‐1β for being processed by caspase 1 to an 18 kDa‐biologically active mature form. IL‐18 binds to its specific receptor (IL‐18Rα, also known as IL‐1R7) forming a low affinity ligand chain. This is followed by recruitment of the IL‐18Rβ chain. IL‐18 then uses the same signaling pathway as IL‐1 to activate NF‐kB and induce inflammatory mediators such as adhesion molecules, chemokines and Fas ligand. IL‐18 also binds to the circulating high affinity IL‐18 binding protein (BP), such as only unbound free IL‐18 is active. IL‐18Rα may also bind IL‐37, another member of the IL‐1 family, but in association with the negative signaling chain termed IL‐1R8, which transduces an anti‐inflammatory signal. IL‐18BP also binds IL‐37 and this acts as a sink for the anti‐inflammatory properties of IL‐37. There is now ample evidence for a role of IL‐18 in various infectious, metabolic or inflammatory diseases such as influenza virus infection, atheroma, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Crohn's disease. However, IL‐18 plays a very specific role in the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic syndromes (HS) also termed Macrophage Activation Syndrome. In children affected by NLRC4 gain‐of‐function mutations, IL‐18 circulates in the range of tens of nanograms/mL. HS is treated with the IL‐1 Receptor antagonist (anakinra) but also specifically with IL‐18BP. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult‐onset Still's disease are also characterized by high serum IL‐18 concentrations and are treated by IL‐18BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Kaplanski
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Conception, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Vascular Research Center Marseille, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S1076, Marseille, France
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16
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Park IH, Yang HN, Lee KJ, Kim TS, Lee ES, Jung SY, Kwon Y, Kong SY. Tumor-derived IL-18 induces PD-1 expression on immunosuppressive NK cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32722-32730. [PMID: 28415798 PMCID: PMC5464822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) is known to activate natural killer (NK) cells, its precise role in cancer is controversial. In this study, we investigated the role of tumor-derived IL-18 on peripheral blood NK cells in breast cancer patients. Results In breast cancer cell lines, IL-18 was expressed and secreted in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-231 and HCC-70 but not in MCF-7 cells. The immature and non-cytotoxic CD56dimCD16dim/− NK cell fraction was increased following co-culture with MDA-MB-231 cells, and this increase was not observed with tumor cells transfected with siRNA for IL-18 or in MCF-7 cells. In addition, tumor-derived IL-18 increased PD-1 expression on CD56dimCD16dim/− NK cells, although no effect on PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was observed. Among EBC patients, serum IL-18 levels were significantly increased in those with a TNBC subtype compared to levels from patients with other subtypes, and the IL-18 levels were strongly associated with poor survival. Similarly, serum IL-18 and CD56dimCD16dim/− NK cells were also increased in patients with metastatic TNBC who had progressive disease following cytotoxic chemotherapy. Experimental Design We performed in vitro experiments in breast cancer cell lines, measured cytokine levels by RT-qPCR, western blot, and ELISA, and analyzed NK cell subsets by flow cytometry. For clinical validation, we collected and analyzed blood sample from patients with early breast cancer (EBC, N = 545) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC, N = 42). Conclusions Our data revealed that tumor-derived IL-18 is associated with bad prognosis in patients with TNBC. Tumor-derived IL-18 increased the immunosuppressive CD56dimCD16dim/− NK cell fraction and induced PD-1 expression on these NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hae Park
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Korea.,Breast and Endocrine Cancer Branch of Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Han Na Yang
- Breast and Endocrine Cancer Branch of Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Kyoung Joo Lee
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Kim
- Translational Epidemiology Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - So-Youn Jung
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Korea.,Breast and Endocrine Cancer Branch of Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kwon
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Korea.,Breast and Endocrine Cancer Branch of Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Korea.,Translational Epidemiology Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Korea
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17
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Cruz-González DDJ, Gómez-Martin D, Layseca-Espinosa E, Baranda L, Abud-Mendoza C, Alcocer-Varela J, González-Amaro R, Monsiváis-Urenda AE. Analysis of the regulatory function of natural killer cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 191:288-300. [PMID: 29058308 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells participate in the regulation of the immune response. However, the immunomodulatory function of NK cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regulatory function of NK cells in SLE patients and to identify the NK cells involved in the pathogenesis of this complex disease. We analysed the expression of NK receptors and co-stimulatory molecules in peripheral NK cells (CD3- CD56+ ) from SLE patients, as well as the numbers of human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)/CD11c+ NK cells. In addition, NK cell regulatory function was assessed by the detection of NK cell-mediated dendritic cell (DC) lysis. We found that SLE patients showed increased numbers of immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2)+ , CD86+ and CD134+ NK cells. Furthermore, NK cells from SLE patients induced higher levels of DC lysis. We were able to identify a new subset of NK cells co-expressing CD11c and HLA-DR. These atypical NK cells were increased in SLE patients when compared with controls. We have identified an expanded new subset of NK cells in SLE patients. This is the first study, to our knowledge, which demonstrates that NK cells in SLE patients have an altered phenotype with a high expression of receptors characteristic of dendritic cells. Our results suggest that the impairment in the regulatory function of NK cells, together with the increased number of DC-like NK cells, could play an important role in the development of SLE and highlight the importance of NK cells as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de J Cruz-González
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
| | - D Gómez-Martin
- Departamento de Reumatología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Ciudad de México
| | - E Layseca-Espinosa
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
| | - L Baranda
- Unidad de Reumatología y Osteoporosis, Hospital Central 'Ignacio Morones Prieto', San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - C Abud-Mendoza
- Unidad de Reumatología y Osteoporosis, Hospital Central 'Ignacio Morones Prieto', San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - J Alcocer-Varela
- Departamento de Reumatología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición 'Salvador Zubirán', Ciudad de México
| | - R González-Amaro
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
| | - A E Monsiváis-Urenda
- Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
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18
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Harms RZ, Creer AJ, Lorenzo-Arteaga KM, Ostlund KR, Sarvetnick NE. Interleukin (IL)-18 Binding Protein Deficiency Disrupts Natural Killer Cell Maturation and Diminishes Circulating IL-18. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1020. [PMID: 28900426 PMCID: PMC5581878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin (IL)-18 is a crucial amplifier of natural killer (NK) cell function. IL-18 signaling is regulated by the inhibitory effects of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Using mice deficient in IL-18BP (IL-18BPKO), we investigated the impact of mismanaged IL-18 signaling on NK cells. We found an overall reduced abundance of splenic NK cells in the absence of IL-18BP. Closer examination of NK cell subsets in spleen and bone marrow using CD27 and CD11b expression revealed that immature NK cells were increased in abundance, while the mature population of NK cells was reduced. Also, NK cells were polarized to greater production of TNF-α, while dedicated IFN-γ producers were reduced. A novel subset of IL-18 receptor α- NK cells contributed to the expansion of immature NK cells in IL-18BPKO mice. Splenocytes cultured with IL-18 resulted in alterations similar to those observed in IL-18BP deficiency. NK cell changes were associated with significantly reduced levels of circulating plasma IL-18. However, IL-18BPKO mice exhibited normal weight gain and responded to LPS challenge with a >10-fold increase in IFN-γ compared to wild type. Finally, we identified that the source of splenic IL-18BP was among dendritic cells/macrophage localized to the T cell-rich regions of the spleen. Our results demonstrate that IL-18BP is required for normal NK cell abundance and function and also contributes to maintaining steady-state levels of circulating IL-18. Thus, IL-18BP appears to have functions suggestive of a carrier protein, not just an inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z. Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Austin J. Creer
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Katie R. Ostlund
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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19
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Morawski PA, Bolland S. Expanding the B Cell-Centric View of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:373-382. [PMID: 28274696 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a breakdown of self-tolerance in B cells and the production of antibodies against nuclear self-antigens. Increasing evidence supports the notion that additional cellular contributors beyond B cells are important for lupus pathogenesis. In this review we consider recent advances regarding both the pathogenic and the regulatory role of lymphocytes in SLE beyond the production of IgG autoantibodies. We also discuss various inflammatory effector cell types involved in cytokine production, removal of self-antigens, and responses to autoreactive IgE antibodies. We aim to integrate these ideas to expand the current understanding of the cellular components that contribute to disease progression and ultimately help in the design of novel, targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Morawski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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20
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Chalan P, van den Berg A, Kroesen BJ, Brouwer L, Boots A. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Immunosenescence and the Hallmarks of Aging. Curr Aging Sci 2016. [PMID: 26212057 PMCID: PMC5388800 DOI: 10.2174/1874609808666150727110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for the development of infectious diseases, cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The very act of living causes damage to cells. A network of molecular, cellular and physiological maintenance and repair systems creates a buffering capacity against these damages. Aging leads to progressive shrinkage of the buffering capacity and increases vulnerability. In order to better understand the complex mammalian aging processes, nine hallmarks of aging and their interrelatedness were recently put forward. RA is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the joints. Although RA may develop at a young age, the incidence of RA increases with age. It has been suggested that RA may develop as a consequence of premature aging (immunosenescence) of the immune system. Alternatively, premature aging may be the consequence of the inflammatory state in RA. In an effort to answer this chicken and egg conundrum, we here outline and discuss the nine hallmarks of aging, their contribution to the pre-aged phenotype and the effects of treatment on the reversibility of immunosenescence in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annemieke Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Chalan P, Bijzet J, Kroesen BJ, Boots AMH, Brouwer E. Altered Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Seropositive Arthralgia and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Associated with Autoantibody Status. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1008-16. [PMID: 27036380 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. Therefore, numerical and functional alterations of CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) NK cells in the early stages of RA development were studied. METHODS Whole blood samples from newly diagnosed, treatment-naive, seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) patients with RA (SP RA, n = 45 and SN RA, n = 12), patients with SP arthralgia (n = 30), and healthy controls (HC, n = 41) were assessed for numbers and frequencies of T cells, B cells, and NK cells. SP status was defined as positive for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and/or rheumatoid factor (RF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for further analysis of NK cell phenotype and function. RESULTS Total NK cell numbers were decreased in SP RA and SP arthralgia but not in SN RA. Also, NK cells from SP RA showed a decreased potency for interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. A selective decrease of CD56(dim), but not CD56(bright), NK cells in SP RA and SP arthralgia was observed. This prompted investigation of CD16 (FcγRIIIa) triggering in NK cell apoptosis and cytokine expression. In vitro, CD16 triggering induced apoptosis of CD56(dim) but not CD56(bright) NK cells from HC. This apoptosis was augmented by adding interleukin 2 (IL-2). Also, CD16 triggering in the presence of IL-2 stimulated IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α expression by CD56(dim) NK cells. CONCLUSION The decline of CD56(dim) NK cells in SP arthralgia and SP RA and the in vitro apoptosis of CD56(dim) NK cells upon CD16 triggering suggest a functional role of immunoglobulin G-containing autoantibody (anti-CCP and/or RF)-immune complexes in this process. Moreover, CD16-triggered cytokine production by CD56(dim) NK cells may contribute to systemic inflammation as seen in SP arthralgia and SP RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chalan
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Johan Bijzet
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen.
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
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Voynova E, Qi CF, Scott B, Bolland S. Cutting Edge: Induction of Inflammatory Disease by Adoptive Transfer of an Atypical NK Cell Subset. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:806-9. [PMID: 26109646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus, including FcγRIIB-KO and TLR7tg mice, develop an expansion of an atypical NK cell subset with functional similarity to cells referred as IFN-producing killer DCs or pre-mature NKs in other systems. In this study, we show that atypical NKs purified from spleens of systemic lupus erythematosus-prone mice, and identified as NK1.1(+)CD11c(+)CD122(+)MHC-II(+), induce persistent autoimmune disease in an IFN-I- and CD40L-dependent manner when transferred to wild-type mice. A single transfer of 4 × 10(6) NK1.1(+) cells from TLR7tg into wild-type induces a 2-wk-long wave of inflammatory cytokines in the serum; a sustained increase in T cell activation and follicular helper cells for the following months; and a progressive expansion of dendritic cells, monocytes, and granulocytes. Furthermore, IL-15 deficiency, which impedes development of NK cells, ameliorates the autoimmune pathology of TLR7tg mice. These results suggest that cells of the NK lineage can develop into cytokine-producing/APCs that affect the priming and progression of systemic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisaveta Voynova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Bethany Scott
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
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Mirjačić Martinović K, Babović N, Džodić R, Jurišić V, Matković S, Konjević G. Favorable in vitro effects of combined IL-12 and IL-18 treatment on NK cell cytotoxicity and CD25 receptor expression in metastatic melanoma patients. J Transl Med 2015; 13:120. [PMID: 25889680 PMCID: PMC4421987 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As IL-12 and IL-18 have important immunostimulatory role the aim of this study was to investigate their in vitro effects on functional and receptor characteristics of NK cells and their subsets in healthy controls (HC) and metastatic melanoma patients (MM). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HC and MM were stimulated with culture medium alone, medium supplemented with IL-12 (10 ng/ml), IL-18 (100 ng/ml) and their combination. NK cell activity was determined using radioactive cytotoxicity assay, while perforin, CD107a and pSTAT-4 expression, IFN-γ production and the expression of NKG2D, DNAM-1, CD161, CD158a/b, CD25, IL-12R beta 1/2 receptors on CD3−CD56+ NK cells and their CD3−CD56dim+ and CD3−CD56bright+ subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine induced level of DAP10 in PBMC was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results IL-12 alone or in combination with IL-18 significantly induced NK cell activity and CD107a degranulation marker expression in MM and HC, while IL-18 alone did not have any effect in patients. The combination of IL-12 and IL-18 significantly increased mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IFN-γ in all NK cell subsets in HC and only in the bright subset in MM. MM that belong to M1c group with metastasis in liver and increased LDH serum values had significantly lower increase in NK cell cytotoxicity after combined IL-12 and IL-18 treatment compared to the patients in M1a and M1b categories. These results could be explained by decreased IL-12R expression and lower increase in pSTAT-4 and perforin expression in NK cells of M1c patients after IL-12 and combined IL-12 and IL-18 treatment. IL-18 alone significantly decreased NKG2D receptor expression and level of DAP10 signaling molecule in MM, while combined IL-12 and IL-18 increased the expression of CD25 on all NK cell subsets in HC and MM. Additionally, MM that belong to M1a + M1b group had significantly higher increase in CD25 receptor expression compared to the patients in M1c group. Conclusions The novel data obtained in this study support the use of IL-12 and IL-18 in combination for developing new therapeutic strategies for metastatic melanoma especially for patients with better survival rate and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nada Babović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Radan Džodić
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. .,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000, Beograd, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, P.BOX 124, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Suzana Matković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Gordana Konjević
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. .,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000, Beograd, Serbia.
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Cytokine balance and cytokine-driven natural killer cell dysfunction in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Fabbi M, Carbotti G, Ferrini S. Context-dependent role of IL-18 in cancer biology and counter-regulation by IL-18BP. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:665-75. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ru0714-360rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Papanikolaou IC, Boki KA, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Kotsaki A, Kagouridis K, Karagiannidis N, Polychronopoulos VS. Innate immunity alterations in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung diseases. Immunol Lett 2014; 163:179-86. [PMID: 25540922 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a prospective cohort study elucidating innate immunity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), rheumatoid arthritis-associated usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP) and RA-associated non specific interstitial pneumonia (RA-NSIP). METHODS 23 IPF subjects, 9 COP subjects, 5 RA-UIP subjects, 8 RA-NSIP subjects were enrolled. 10 subjects were excluded. 19 healthy subjects served as controls. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were obtained. Natural killer (NK) and NKT cells, NK cells apoptosis and the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells type 1 (TREM-1) were assessed. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was measured in cell cultures after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) and Pam3CysSK3, and in BAL. Surface expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 on peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC's) and circulating NK cells was also assessed. RESULTS RA-NSIP had low blood NKs, marginally insignificant (p=0.07). These NKs poorly produced TNF-α after LPS stimulation. TLR's expression on NK cells was similar throughout disease groups and controls. PBMC's mainly from IPF patients exhibited low TNF-α production after LPS stimulation but not after Pam3CysSK3 stimulation, while TLR4 expression on PBMC's was found normal in all study groups. TLR2 expression on PBMC's was increased in IPF, but mainly in COP, RA-UIP and RA-NSIP (p=0.015). TREM-1 expression was significant on COP monocytes and on COP neutrophils versus controls. RA-NSIP monocytes also exhibited TREM-1 expression (p=0.07). Decreased TNF-α concentration in BAL was finally observed in IPF and RA-UIP. CONCLUSIONS Innate immunity in the lungs and the peripheral circulation in IPF and RA-UIP are similar and more fibrotic than in RA-NSIP which is characterized by NK cell depletion and dysfunction. TREM-1 and TLR's likely affect patterns of inflammation in various interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias C Papanikolaou
- 3rd Pulmonary Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
| | - Kyriaki A Boki
- Rheumatology Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
| | | | - Antigoni Kotsaki
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462 Attica, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Kagouridis
- 3rd Pulmonary Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
| | - Napoleon Karagiannidis
- 3rd Pulmonary Department, Sismanoglion General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1, 15126 Attica, Greece.
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Ye Z, Ma N, Zhao L, Jiang ZY, Jiang YF. Differential expression of natural killer activating and inhibitory receptors in patients with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:613-21. [PMID: 24617980 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents as the abnormal activation and over-proliferation of immune competent cells. Few studies have characterized the role of natural killer (NK) and NK T (NKT) cells in the pathogenesis of SLE, and therefore a consensus has not been reached as yet. METHOD Thirty-two patients with new-onset SLE and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Activated and inhibitory NK and NKT cells in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. The proportions of spontaneous and stimulated interferon (IFN)-γ(+) NK and NKT cells and CD107a(+) NK cells was examined. Finally, the potential relationship between the cell subsets and clinical indexes was analyzed. RESULTS The proportions of NK and NKT cells (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively) as well as the proportions of NKG2C(+) NK cells, inhibitory NK and NKT cell subsets (P = 0.016, P = 0.019, P = 0.049, and P = 0.028, respectively) in SLE patients were significantly lower than those in controls. In contrast, the proportions of activated NK cells and NKT cell subsets were significantly higher (P = 0.036, P = 0.034, P = 0.005, and P = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, the proportions of stimulated IFN-γ(+) NKT cells were significantly higher than in the controls, and the proportions of stimulated CD107a(+) NKT cells in SLE patients were significantly lower than in the controls (P = 0.032 and P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Lower proportions of NK and NKT cells, higher proportions of activated NK cells and activated NKT cells, lower proportions of inhibitory NK and NKT cells, higher NKT cell activity, and lower NKT cell degranulation may induce the autoimmune reaction involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Fang Jiang
- Department of Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Aramaki T, Ida H, Izumi Y, Fujikawa K, Huang M, Arima K, Tamai M, Kamachi M, Nakamura H, Kawakami A, Origuchi T, Matsuoka N, Eguchi K. A significantly impaired natural killer cell activity due to a low activity on a per-cell basis in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Yap DYH, Lai KN. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus - from bench to bedside. Nephrology (Carlton) 2013; 18:243-55. [PMID: 23452295 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) entails a complex interaction between the different arms of the immune system. While autoantibodies production and immune complex deposition are cornered as hallmark features of SLE, there is growing evidence to propose the pathogenic role of cytokines in this disease. Examples of these cytokines include BLys, interleukin-6, interleukin-17, interleukin-18, type I interferons and tumour necrosis factor alpha. These cytokines all assume pivotal functions to orchestrate the differentiation, maturation and activation of various cell types, which would mediate local inflammatory process and tissue injury. The knowledge on these cytokines not only fosters our understanding of the disease, but also provides insights in devising biomarkers and targeted therapies. In this review, we focus on cytokines which have substantial pathogenic significance and also highlight the possible clinical applications of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Yat Hin Yap
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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31
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Strippoli R, Caiello I, De Benedetti F. Reaching the Threshold: A Multilayer Pathogenesis of Macrophage Activation Syndrome. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:761-7. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a potentially fatal complication of rheumatic diseases. The condition is considered part of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytoses (HLH). There are similarities in genetic background, pathogenesis, and clinical and laboratory features with primary HLH (p-HLH). We describe findings in mouse models of secondary HLH, comparing them with models of p-HLH and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, and relate them to recent findings in patients with secondary HLH. A multilayer model is presented in which background inflammation, infections, and genetics all contribute in different proportions and in several ways. Once the “threshold” has been reached, inflammatory cytokines are the final effectors, independent of the interplay between different upstream pathogenic factors.
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Association of interleukin-18 and systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:3055-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Ehlers M, Papewalis C, Stenzel W, Jacobs B, Meyer KL, Deenen R, Willenberg HS, Schinner S, Thiel A, Scherbaum WA, Ullrich E, Zitvogel L, Schott M. Immunoregulatory natural killer cells suppress autoimmunity by down-regulating antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4367-79. [PMID: 22733969 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system. Besides their role in antitumor immunity, NK cells also regulate the activity of other cells of the immune system, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells, and may, therefore, be involved in autoimmune processes. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of NK cells within this context. Using two mouse models for type 1 diabetes mellitus, a new subset of NK cells with regulatory function was identified. These cells were generated from conventional NK cells by incubation with IL-18 and are characterized by the expression of the surface markers CD117 (also known as c-Kit, stem cell factor receptor) and programmed death (PD)-ligand 1. In vitro analyses demonstrated a direct lysis activity of IL-18-stimulated NK cells against activated insulin-specific CD8(+) T cells in a PD-1/PD-ligand 1-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a large increase of splenic and lymphatic NK1.1(+)/c-Kit(+) NK cells in nonobese diabetic mice at 8 wk of age, the time point of acceleration of adaptive cytotoxic immunity. Adoptive transfer of unstimulated and IL-18-stimulated NK cells into streptozotocin-treated mice led to a delayed diabetes development and partial disease prevention in the group treated with IL-18-stimulated NK cells. Consistent with these data, mild diabetes was associated with increased numbers of NK1.1(+)/c-Kit(+) NK cells within the islets. Our results demonstrate a direct link between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmunity with newly identified immunoregulatory NK cells displaying a potential role as immunosuppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Ehlers
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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34
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Transient impairment of NK cell function in an infant born to a mother with adult-onset Still's disease: Perinatal effect of maternal IL-18. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:273-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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IL-32 aggravates synovial inflammation and bone destruction and increases synovial natural killer cells in experimental arthritis models. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:671-9. [PMID: 22527134 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of IL-32 on joint inflammation, bone destruction, and synovial cytokine expressions, and on synovial natural killer (NK) cell expressions in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was induced by type II collagen in DBA1 mice, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group) or IL-32 (IL-32 group) were injected into both knee joints at day 28 and 32, then mice were killed at day 35. Severity of synovial inflammation and bone destruction was determined by histological scoring method, and synovial cytokine expressions such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-21, and IL-23 were measured by real-time RT-PCR and western blot. Synovial NK cell expressions were determined by real-time RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, and chemokines and chemokine receptors expressions that are associated with NK cell migration were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Scores of synovial inflammation and bone destruction, synovial expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in IL-32 group compared with PBS group. Synovial expressions of NK cell, and chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL9) and chemokine receptors (CCR2 and CCR5) that are associated with NK cell migration were significantly increased in IL-32 group compared with PBS group. IL-32 aggravated joint inflammation and bone destruction and increased synovial expressions of inflammatory cytokine and NK cells in CIA. These results suggest that IL-32 play a role in joint inflammation and bone destruction, and IL-32 might be a new target for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Terme M, Ullrich E, Aymeric L, Meinhardt K, Coudert JD, Desbois M, Ghiringhelli F, Viaud S, Ryffel B, Yagita H, Chen L, Mécheri S, Kaplanski G, Prévost-Blondel A, Kato M, Schultze JL, Tartour E, Kroemer G, Degli-Esposti M, Chaput N, Zitvogel L. Cancer-induced immunosuppression: IL-18-elicited immunoablative NK cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2757-67. [PMID: 22427351 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During cancer development, a number of regulatory cell subsets and immunosuppressive cytokines subvert adaptive immune responses. Although it has been shown that tumor-derived interleukin (IL)-18 participates in the PD-1-dependent tumor progression in NK cell-controlled cancers, the mechanistic cues underlying this immunosuppression remain unknown. Here, we show that IL-18 converts a subset of Kit(-) (CD11b(-)) into Kit(+) natural killer (NK) cells, which accumulate in all lymphoid organs of tumor bearers and mediate immunoablative functions. Kit(+) NK cells overexpressed B7-H1/PD-L1, a ligand for PD-1. The adoptive transfer of Kit(+) NK cells promoted tumor growth in two pulmonary metastases tumor models and significantly reduced the dendritic and NK cell pools residing in lymphoid organs in a B7-H1-dependent manner. Neutralization of IL-18 by RNA interference in tumors or systemically by IL-18-binding protein dramatically reduced the accumulation of Kit(+)CD11b(-) NK cells in tumor bearers. Together, our findings show that IL-18 produced by tumor cells elicits Kit(+)CD11b(-) NK cells endowed with B7-H1-dependent immunoablative functions in mice.
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37
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Zhao L, Jiang Z, Jiang Y, Ma N, Wang K, Zhang Y. Changes in immune cell frequencies after cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil treatments in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31:951-9. [PMID: 22349930 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-012-1958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the profile of immune cell subsets, including T, B, natural killer (NK), and NKT cells, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and to determine their relationships with the clinical index and the effects of cyclophosphamide (CYC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment. SLE patients (n = 28) and age/sex-matched healthy controls (n = 28) were evaluated. The patients were equally divided into two treatment groups: intravenous drip (IVD) with CYC and prednisolone, and oral MMF and IVD with prednisolone. SLE peripheral blood samples were taken immediately prior to treatment and after 4 weeks of drug treatment. T, B, NK, and NKT cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Double-stranded DNA antibody and Sm antibody were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Serum C3, C4, and C-reactive protein were determined by scatter turbidimetry. The percentages of CD3+CD4+ T, CD3-CD16CD56+ NK, and CD3+CD16CD56+ NKT cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower in SLE patients, while CD3+CD8+ T and CD3-CD19+ B cells were higher than the controls. The lymphocyte subsets were significantly correlated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and complement factors (C3, C4). Four weeks of CYC or MMF treatment led to a significant increase in CD3+CD4+ T cells (P < 0.05). In addition, both CYC and MMF treatments led to increases in CD3+ T and CD3-CD16CD56+NKT cells and decreases in CD3-CD16CD56+ NK and CD3+CD8+ T cells, but these changes were not obvious. The significant correlation that exists between lymphocytes subsets and SLEDAI activity scores suggests that the lymphocyte subsets may reflect SLE severity. Our results indicate that both the traditional cyclophosphamide agent and the new mycophenolate mofetil agent can regulate the lymphocyte subsets and consequent abnormal immunity, suggesting that MMF, which is known to produce less side-effects than CYC, may be used as an effective treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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38
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Immunopathological roles of cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and pattern-recognition receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:715190. [PMID: 22312407 PMCID: PMC3270521 DOI: 10.1155/2012/715190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology affecting more than one million individuals each year. It is characterized by B- and T-cell hyperactivity and by defects in the clearance of apoptotic cells and immune complexes. Understanding the complex process involved and the interaction between various cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, and pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune pathways will provide valuable information on the development of novel therapeutic targets for treating SLE. In this paper, we review the immunopathological roles of novel cytokines, chemokines, signaling molecules, PRRs, and their interactions in immunoregulatory networks and suggest how their disturbances may implicate pathological conditions in SLE.
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Conigliaro P, Scrivo R, Valesini G, Perricone R. Emerging role for NK cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthropathies. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:577-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Terme M, Ullrich E, Aymeric L, Meinhardt K, Desbois M, Delahaye N, Viaud S, Ryffel B, Yagita H, Kaplanski G, Prévost-Blondel A, Kato M, Schultze JL, Tartour E, Kroemer G, Chaput N, Zitvogel L. IL-18 induces PD-1-dependent immunosuppression in cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5393-9. [PMID: 21724589 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cytokines subvert innate and adaptive immune responses during cancer progression. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) is known to accumulate in cancer patients, but its pathophysiological role remains unclear. In this study, we show that low levels of circulating IL-18, either exogenous or tumor derived, act to suppress the NK cell arm of tumor immunosurveillance. IL-18 produced by tumor cells promotes the development of NK-controlled metastases in a PD-1-dependent manner. Accordingly, PD-1 is expressed by activated mature NK cells in lymphoid organs of tumor bearers and is upregulated by IL-18. RNAi-mediated knockdown of IL-18 in tumors, or its systemic depletion by IL-18-binding protein, are sufficient to stimulate NK cell-dependent immunosurveillance in various tumor models. Together, these results define IL-18 as an immunosuppressive cytokine in cancer. Our findings suggest novel clinical implementations of anti-PD-1 antibodies in human malignancies that produce IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Terme
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Lünemann A, Tackenberg B, DeAngelis T, da Silva RB, Messmer B, Vanoaica LD, Miller A, Apatoff B, Lublin FD, Lünemann JD, Münz C. Impaired IFN-γ production and proliferation of NK cells in multiple sclerosis. Int Immunol 2011; 23:139-48. [PMID: 21212154 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxq463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are multicompetent lymphocytes of the innate immune system with a central role in host defense and immune regulation. Studies in experimental animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) provided evidence for both pathologic and protective effects of NK cells. Humans harbor two functionally distinct NK-cell subsets exerting either predominantly cytotoxic (CD56(dim)CD16(+)) or immunoregulatory (CD56(bright)CD16(-)) functions. We analyzed these two subsets and their functions in the peripheral blood of untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS compared with healthy blood donors. While ex vivo frequencies of CD56(bright)CD16(-) and CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cells were similar in patients and controls, we found that cytokine-driven in vitro accumulation and IFN-γ production of CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells but not of their CD56(dim)CD16(+) counterparts were substantially diminished in MS. Impaired expansion of CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells was cell intrinsic because the observed effects could be reproduced with purified NK cells in an independent cohort of patients and controls. In contrast, cytolytic NK-cell activity toward the human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia cell line K562, the allogeneic CD4(+) T cell line CEM and allogeneic primary CD4(+) T-cell blasts was unchanged. Thus, characteristic functions of CD56(bright)CD16(-) NK cells, namely cytokine-induced NK cell expansion and IFN-γ production, are compromised in the NK cell compartment of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lünemann
- Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Huang Y, Lei Y, Zhang H, Zhang M, Dayton A. Role of interleukin-18 in human natural killer cell is associated with interleukin-2. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:2604-10. [PMID: 21035858 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells constitute an important cellular component of innate immunity, capable of killing infected and transformed cells. The proliferation and activation of NK cells are regulated by various cytokines. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) promotes NK cell activation; however, whether the effects of IL-18 on NK cell are associated with other cytokines is still unknown. In this study, we observed that IL-18 induced NK cell apoptosis and inhibited NK cell expansion in the presence of low concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), while high concentrations of IL-2 overcame these effects of IL-18, and high concentrations of IL-2 promoted the stimulatory activity of IL-18 on NK cells. At a low concentration of IL-2, IL-18 induced NK cell apoptosis in part through activation of the FasL/Fas- and TNFα/TNFR-mediated death receptor signaling by enhancing FasL expression and inhibiting c-FLIP(long) expression. However, high concentrations of IL-2 strongly blocked IL-18-induced NK cell apoptosis through alleviating IL-18-induced FasL expression and activation of Fas-mediated death signaling and increasing anti-apoptosis molecule (Bcl-X(L)). These results reveal that the effects of IL-18 on human NK cell are associated with IL-2 concentration and suggest the importance of IL-2 level in cytokine immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a prominent component of the innate immune system, are large granular lymphocytes that respond rapidly to a variety of insults via cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. Recently, there has been growing insight into the biological functions of NK cells, in particular into their roles in infection, tumorurveillance and autoimmunity. Under these pathophysiological circumstances, NK cells readily home to the central nervous system (CNS) tissues to combat infection and presumably to curb progression of tumor. Bystander neuronal and/or glial cell damage can occur in this setting. Paradoxically, NK cells appear to have an inhibitory role for autoimmune responses within the CNS. As in the periphery, NK cells act in concert with T cells and other lymphocytes responsible for CNS pathology and immune regulation. Insights into the molecular signals and pathways governing the diverse biological effects of NK cells are keys for designing NK cell-based therapy for CNS infections, tumor and autoimmune diseases.NK cells readily accumulate in homing to CNS tissues under the pathophysiological situations. This process is tightly controlled by a number of chemokines and chemokine receptors. There is ample of evidence that NK cells within the CNS contribute to the control of infections and might limit progression of certain tumor. Bystander neuronal and/or glial cell damage can occur. In certain autoimmune conditions of the CNS, NK cells appear to have an inhibitory role. Disassociation of disease-inhibiting versus disease-promoting effects of NK cells is a key to harnessing NK cells for therapeutic purposes. To achieve this goal, a generation of genetic models with selective NK cell deficiency, and development of reagents (antibodies) for visualizing subsets of NK cells in situ will be necessary.
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Favilli F, Anzilotti C, Martinelli L, Quattroni P, De Martino S, Pratesi F, Neumann D, Beermann S, Novick D, Dinarello CA, Boraschi D, Migliorini P. IL-18 activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173:301-9. [PMID: 19758166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an inflammation-related cytokine that plays a central role both in innate defense reactions and in Th1 activation and specific immune responses. Increased levels of IL-18 can be detected in biological fluids and organs of individuals affected by several autoimmune pathologies, as well as in autoimmune animal models. In this review, the role of IL-18 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is critically examined, including its possible role in the pathogenesis of disease. In SLE, increased levels of IL-18 have been found in serum/plasma of affected persons, which positively correlated with disease severity. The possibility that circulating IL-18 levels are predictive of renal damage has been proposed, suggesting that IL-18 may be a prognostic marker of renal involvement useful to identify patients at risk of renal failure. The evaluation of urinary levels of free active IL-18 indeed suggests a correlation with the degree of renal involvement. The possible pathogenic role of IL-18 in lupus has been studied in a mouse model of progressive disease, which makes possible the identification, at the level of the different affected organs, of IL-18 changes preceding disease development and those appearing after disease onset. It can be concluded that IL-18 has a multifaceted role in autoimmune lupus, being apparently involved both in the effector phases of the late organ damage and, in some organs, in the initial pathogenic events. Therapeutic strategies targeting IL-18 in autoimmunity are under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Favilli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Pisa, Italy.
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LEE HUITING, CHEN WEISHENG, SUN KUANGHUI, CHOU CHUNGTEI, TSAI CHANGYOUH. Increased Spontaneous But Decreased Mitogen-stimulated Expression and Excretion of Interleukin 18 by Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1910-6. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective.To measure serum concentration and analyze the expression of interleukin 18 (IL-18) mRNA in mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.IL-18 concentrations in sera and culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy controls and patients with active SLE were measured by ELISA. PBMC and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) purified from patients with active SLE were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Expression of IL-18 mRNA in cells was analyzed by RT-PCR.Results.Serum IL-18 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls, and correlated with disease activity in SLE patients (r2 = 0.602). Two patients receiving intravenous methylprednisolone therapy (1.0 g/day for 3 days) showed profound decreases in serum IL-18 levels after therapy. The quiescent PBMC from SLE patients (30/30) expressed IL-18 transcript more frequently than control PBMC (20/30). PBMC from SLE patients produced more IL-18 than control PBMC after 72 hours of incubation, by RT-PCR. PHA and PWM inhibited the production of IL-18 in PBMC from both SLE patients and controls. Inhibition by PWM was more pronounced than that by PHA, especially in SLE-PBMC. Control and SLE-PMN with or without LPS stimulation produced negligible IL-18.Conclusion.IL-18 is involved in the autoimmune derangement of leukocyte function in patients with active SLE.
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Park YW, Kee SJ, Cho YN, Lee EH, Lee HY, Kim EM, Shin MH, Park JJ, Kim TJ, Lee SS, Yoo DH, Kang HS. Impaired differentiation and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1753-63. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lünemann A, Lünemann JD, Münz C. Regulatory NK-cell functions in inflammation and autoimmunity. Mol Med 2009; 15:352-8. [PMID: 19603102 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were viewed traditionally as cytotoxic effector cells whose rapid killing of infected and transformed cells without preactivation provides a first line of defense prior to the initiation of an adaptive immune response against infection and tumor development. However, it has become clear that NK cells interact with various components of the immune system, and therefore have the potential to function as regulatory cells. While NK cells can assist in dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T-cell polarization, increasing evidence indicates that NK cells can also prevent and limit adaptive (auto) immune responses via killing of autologous myeloid and lymphoid cells. Investigating immunoregulatory NK-cell functions might generate exciting insights into the reciprocal regulation between NK-cell-mediated innate immunity and adaptive immune responses, improve our capacity to monitor these cells as surrogate markers for disease activity and treatment responses in autoimmune diseases, and, perhaps, provide new prospects for NK cell-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lünemann
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
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Nishiura Y, Nakamura T, Fukushima N, Nakamura H, Ida H, Aramaki T, Eguchi K. Disulfide-mediated apoptosis of human T-lymphotrophc virus type-I (HTLV-I)-infected cells in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis. Antivir Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350901400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to construct a basis for a therapeutic strategy against human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) using a compound that contained a disulfide moiety, prosultiamine, which is a homologue of allithiamine originally synthesized by allicin and thiamine-thiol, for the targeting of HTLV-I-infected cells. Methods First, we analysed the apoptotic pathway in allicin or prosultiamine treatment against an HTLV-I-infected T-cell line (HCT-1), derived from an HAM/TSP patient, by flow cytometry and western blot. Second, we evaluated the effect of targeting HTLV-I-infected cells in a prosultiamine in vitro treatment and in a clinical trial in HAM/TSP patients by quantitative PCR analysis of HTLV-I proviral load. Results Prosultiamine, like allicin, induced caspase-dependent apoptosis against HCT-1 cells. The fact that the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was recovered in z-VAD-fmk-pretreated HCT-1 cells with prosultiamine treatment suggested that prosultiamine can induce caspase-dependent apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. On the basis of data showing that prosultiamine in vitro treatment against peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells of HAM/TSP patients induced a significant decrease of HTLV-I proviral copy numbers by apoptosis of HTLV-I- infected cells, we treated six HAM/ TSP patients with intravenous administration of pro-sultiamine for 14 days. As a result of this treatment, the copy numbers of HTLV-I provirus in peripheral blood decreased to approximately 30–50% of their pretreat-ment levels with some clinical benefits in all patients. Conclusions Our results suggest that prosultiamine has the potential to be a new therapeutic tool that targets HTLV-I-infected cells in HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishiura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naomi Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Aramaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsumi Eguchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Potential role of interleukin-18 in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS: involvement in fratricidal killing of NK cells. J Virol 2009; 83:5999-6010. [PMID: 19339355 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02350-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We had shown earlier that the concentrations of circulating interleukin-18 (IL-18) are increased significantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons compared to HIV-seronegative healthy subjects. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of these elevated levels of IL-18 on natural killer (NK) cells and the immunopathogenesis of AIDS. We show here an inverse correlation between IL-18 concentrations and absolute numbers of various subsets of NK cells in infected persons. Recombinant human IL-18 caused increased death of a human NK cell line, as well as of primary human NK cells in vitro. The IL-18-mediated cell death was dependent upon Fas-FasL interactions and tumor necrosis factor alpha. IL-18 induced the expression of FasL on NK cells, increased the transcription from the human FasL promoter, reduced the expression of Bcl-X(L) in NK cells, and increased their sensitivity to FasL-mediated cell death. These results suggest that increased IL-18 concentrations present in the circulation of HIV-infected persons contribute to the immunopathogenesis of AIDS by altering NK cell homeostasis.
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Aramaki T, Ida H, Izumi Y, Fujikawa K, Huang M, Arima K, Tamai M, Kamachi M, Nakamura H, Kawakami A, Origuchi T, Matsuoka N, Eguchi K. A significantly impaired natural killer cell activity due to a low activity on a per-cell basis in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 19:245-52. [PMID: 19283441 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the characterization of peripheral natural killer (NK) cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated the NK cell activity, the expression of NK cell activating receptors and intracellular molecules. The NK activity was analyzed in 27 RA patients, 22 primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients, and 15 healthy individuals using the (51)Chrominium release assay. The expression of NK cell activating receptors (NKG2D, CD244, CD2, and CD16) and intracellular molecules (granzyme B, perforin, and TCR zeta chain) in CD3-CD56+ cells were characterized by flow cytometry. The serum cytokine levels (IL-6, TNFalpha, and IL-18) were measured using ELISA. Both the NK cell activity and the activity on a per-cell basis were observed to significantly decrease in the RA patients in comparison to the controls. The expression of NKG2D and CD244 also significantly decreased in both the RA and primary SS patients, whereas the significant decrease in the CD16 expression was only observed in the RA patients. The titer of the serum IL-6, TNFalpha, and IL-18 was significantly higher in the RA patients than in the controls. These data suggest that a low NK activity on a per-cell basis might therefore contribute to an impaired NK activity in the patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Aramaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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