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Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ma H, Ge P, Bian S, Li Y, Ni A, Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zong Y, Yuan J, Sun Y, Chen J. miR-193-5p negatively regulates PIK3CD to promote crop fibrocyte proliferation in pigeon (Columba livia). Poult Sci 2022; 102:102378. [PMID: 36565634 PMCID: PMC9801189 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The crop of pigeon has specific characteristics as producing crop milk in the lactating period. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the regulation of crop lactation remain unclear. miRNAs, the essential regulators of gene expression, are implicated in various physiological and biological activities. In this study, we discovered a new miRNA that regulated phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) and crop fibrocyte proliferation. Results of the luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-193-5p suppressed PIK3CD expression by targeting a conserved binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PIK3CD mRNA. MiR-193-5p promoted crop fibrocyte proliferation and migration, whereas PIK3CD inhibited these effects. These findings suggested an important regulatory role of miR-193-5p in crop fibrocyte proliferation, suggesting that miR-193-5p and PIK3CD might be important regulators of crop milk production.
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Li J, Jiang T, Ren ZC, Wang ZL, Zhang PJ, Xiang GA. Early detection of colorectal cancer based on circular DNA and common clinical detection indicators. World J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 14:833-848. [PMID: 36157359 PMCID: PMC9453338 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i8.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and it is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world, accounting for approximately 9% of all cancer deaths. Early detection of CRC is urgently needed in clinical practice.
AIM To build a multi-parameter diagnostic model for early detection of CRC.
METHODS Total 59 colorectal polyps (CRP) groups, and 101 CRC patients (38 early-stage CRC and 63 advanced CRC) for model establishment. In addition, 30 CRP groups, and 62 CRC patients (30 early-stage CRC and 32 advanced CRC) were separately included to validate the model. 51 commonly used clinical detection indicators and the 4 extrachromosomal circular DNA markers NDUFB7, CAMK1D, PIK3CD and PSEN2 that we screened earlier. Four multi-parameter joint analysis methods: binary logistic regression analysis, discriminant analysis, classification tree and neural network to establish a multi-parameter joint diagnosis model.
RESULTS Neural network included carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), sialic acid (SA), PIK3CD and lipoprotein a (LPa) was chosen as the optimal multi-parameter combined auxiliary diagnosis model to distinguish CRP and CRC group, when it differentiated 59 CRP and 101 CRC, its overall accuracy was 90.8%, its area under the curve (AUC) was 0.959 (0.934, 0.985), and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.5% and 82.2%, respectively. After validation, when distinguishing based on 30 CRP and 62 CRC patients, the AUC was 0.965 (0.930-1.000), and its sensitivity and specificity were 66.1% and 70.0%. When distinguishing based on 30 CRP and 32 early-stage CRC patients, the AUC was 0.960 (0.916-1.000), with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 90.0%, distinguishing based on 30 CRP and 30 advanced CRC patients, the AUC was 0.970 (0.936-1.000), with a sensitivity and specificity of 96.7% and 86.7%.
CONCLUSION We built a multi-parameter neural network diagnostic model included CEA, IMA, SA, PIK3CD and LPa for early detection of CRC, compared to the conventional CEA, it showed significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Medicine Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zeng-Ci Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Interventional Therapy Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guo-An Xiang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong Province, China
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Prasopdee S, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Pholhelm M, Phanaksri T, Kunjantarachot A, Kulsantiwong J, Butthongkomvong K, Tesana S, Sathavornmanee T, Thitapakorn V. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta as a potential biomarker for Opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma. Parasitology 2022; 149:171-180. [PMID: 35234600 PMCID: PMC11010463 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov), the primary risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA), is a parasite endemic to southeast Asian countries. With no effective treatments for CHCA currently available, early diagnosis and treatment of Ov infection remains the only practical method for the prevention of CHCA. In this study, plasma phosphoproteomes of patients in the non-Ov infection, non-cholangiocarcinoma subject group (non-OVCCA), the asymptomatic Ov infected group (OV), and the CHCA group (CCA), were investigated to identify potential biomarkers for Ov infection and CHCA. The AKT signalling pathway was found to be up-regulated. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform (PIK3CB), an upstream signalling molecule, was selected as a potential biomarker and evaluated using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results demonstrated evidence that levels of PIK3CB in both the OV group and CCA group was statistically different compared to the non-OVCCA group (P < 0.01). However, the levels of PIK3CB between the OV group and the CCA group were found not to be statistically different. Sensitivity and specificity for OV using OD450 cut-off at >1.570 was 76 and 72%, respectively. For CCA, sensitivity and specificity using OD450 cut-off at >1.398 was 68 and 76%, respectively. Application of indirect ELISA detecting plasma PIK3CB will be of great benefit for screening of opisthorchiasis and CHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattrachai Prasopdee
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Proteomics Research Team, National Omics Center, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Montinee Pholhelm
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Teva Phanaksri
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Anthicha Kunjantarachot
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | | | | | - Smarn Tesana
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Veerachai Thitapakorn
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Wang X, Zhang M, Zhu R, Wu Z, Wu F, Wang Z, Yu Y. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of 2-Difluoromethylbenzimidazole Derivatives as Potential PI3Kα Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:387. [PMID: 35056702 PMCID: PMC8777764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Kα is one of the potential targets for novel anticancer drugs. In this study, a series of 2-difluoromethylbenzimidazole derivatives were studied based on the combination of molecular modeling techniques 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. The results showed that the best comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model had q2 = 0.797 and r2 = 0.996 and the best comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) model had q2 = 0.567 and r2 = 0.960. It was indicated that these 3D-QSAR models have good verification and excellent prediction capabilities. The binding mode of the compound 29 and 4YKN was explored using molecular docking and a molecular dynamics simulation. Ultimately, five new PI3Kα inhibitors were designed and screened by these models. Then, two of them (86, 87) were selected to be synthesized and biologically evaluated, with a satisfying result (22.8 nM for 86 and 33.6 nM for 87).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcong Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Moxuan Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Ranran Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Zhongshan Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Fanhong Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (F.W.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (F.W.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China; (X.W.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.W.); (F.W.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201400, China
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Integrated safety analysis of umbralisib, a dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory lymphoid malignancies. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5332-5343. [PMID: 34547767 PMCID: PMC9153017 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbralisib is a unique PI3Kδ/casein kinase-1ε inhibitor with a tolerable safety profile in relapsed/refractory lymphoid malignancies. Low rates of immune-mediated toxicities were observed with umbralisib.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitors are active in lymphoid malignancies, although associated toxicities can limit their use. Umbralisib is a dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ and casein kinase-1ε (CK1ε). This study analyzed integrated comprehensive toxicity data from 4 open-label, phase 1 and 2 studies that included 371 adult patients (median age, 67 years) with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (follicular lymphoma [n = 147]; marginal zone lymphoma [n = 82]; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/mantle cell lymphoma [n = 74]; chronic lymphocytic leukemia [n = 43]; and other tumor types [n = 25]) who were treated with the recommended phase 2 dose of umbralisib 800 mg or higher once daily. At data cutoff, median duration of umbralisib treatment was 5.9 months (range, 0.1-75.1 months), and 107 patients (28.8%) received umbralisib for ≥12 months. Any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) occurred in 366 (98.7%) of 371 patients, with the most frequent being diarrhea (52.3%), nausea (41.5%), and fatigue (31.8%). Grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent AEs occurred in 189 (50.9%) of 371 patients and included neutropenia (11.3%), diarrhea (7.3%), and increased aminotransferase levels (5.7%). Treatment-emergent serious AEs occurred in 95 (25.6%) of 371 patients. AEs of special interest were limited and included pneumonia (29 of 371 [7.8%]), noninfectious colitis (9 of 371 [2.4%]), and pneumonitis (4 of 371 [1.1%]). AEs led to discontinuation of umbralisib in 51 patients (13.7%). Four patients (1.1%) died of AEs, none of which was deemed related to umbralisib. No cumulative toxicities were reported. The favorable long-term tolerability profile and low rates of immune-mediated toxicities support the potential use of umbralisib for the benefit of a broad population of patients with lymphoid malignancies.
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Che N, Zhao X, Zhao N, Zhang Y, Ni C, Zhang D, Su S, Liang X, Li F, Li Y. The role of different PI3K protein subtypes in the metastasis, angiogenesis and clinical prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 53:151755. [PMID: 34023498 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is closely related to tumor occurrence, development and angiogenesis. PI3K, as a key protein in the PI3K/Akt pathway, has different subtypes that play diverse roles in various tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the roles of different PI3K protein subtypes (PI3Kp110α, PI3Kp110β, and PI3Kp110δ) in the metastasis, angiogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The roles of different PI3K protein subtypes in the metastasis, angiogenesis and prognosis of HCC were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of 97 HCC tissues and the STRING database. RESULTS Our results showed that PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110δ were associated with HCC metastasis and angiogenesis. Patients with high expression of PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110δ had a worse prognosis and shorter survival time, respectively, than those with low expression, whereas these effects were not observed for PI3Kp110β. Cox regression analysis showed that PI3Kp110α and clinical stage were independent risk factors for the overall survival of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110δ promoted HCC metastasis and angiogenesis via the PI3K/AKT pathway, and PI3Kp110α was an independent risk factor for HCC patients. These findings provide valuable insights for the prognosis evaluation and the selection of subtype inhibitors of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chunsheng Ni
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Gjelaj E, Hamel PA. Distinct epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions induced by PIK3CA H1047R and PIK3CB. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.248294. [PMID: 33526718 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common PIK3CA mutation, producing the H1047R mutant of p110α, arises in myriad malignancies and is typically observed in low-grade breast tumours. In contrast, amplification is observed for wild-type PIK3CB, encoding p110β, and occurs at low frequency but in aggressive, high-grade metastatic tumours. We hypothesized that mutant p110αH1047R and wild-type p110β give rise to distinct transformed phenotypes. We show that p110αH1047R and wild-type p110β, but not wild-type p110α, transform MCF-10A cells and constitutively stimulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway signalling. However, their resultant morphological transformed phenotypes are distinct. p110αH1047R induced an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) commensurate with SNAIL (also known as SNAI1) induction and loss of E-cadherin. Upon p110β expression, however, E-cadherin expression was maintained despite cells readily delaminating from epithelial sheets. Distinct from the prominent filopodia in p110αH1047R-expressing cells, p110β induced formation of lamellipodia, and these cells migrated with significantly greater velocity and decreased directionality. p110β-induced phenotypic alterations were accompanied by hyperactivation of RAC1; the dependency of transformation of p110β-binding to Rac1 revealed using a Rac1-binding mutant of p110β. Thus, PIK3CB amplification induces a transformed phenotype that is dependent upon a p110β-Rac1 signalling loop and is distinct from the transformed phenotype induced by p110αH1047R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersa Gjelaj
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul A Hamel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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PRKAR1B-AS2 Long Noncoding RNA Promotes Tumorigenesis, Survival, and Chemoresistance via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041882. [PMID: 33668685 PMCID: PMC7918312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the role of PRKAR1B-AS2 long noncoding RNA in ovarian cancer (OC) and chemoresistance and identified potential downstream molecular circuitry underlying its action. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas OC dataset, in vitro experiments, proteomic analysis, and a xenograft OC mouse model were implemented. Our findings indicated that overexpression of PRKAR1B-AS2 is negatively correlated with overall survival in OC patients. Furthermore, PRKAR1B-AS2 knockdown-attenuated proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells and ameliorated cisplatin and alpelisib resistance in vitro. In proteomic analysis, silencing PRKAR1B-AS2 markedly inhibited protein expression of PI3K-110α and abrogated the phosphorylation of PDK1, AKT, and mTOR, with no significant effect on PTEN. The RNA immunoprecipitation detected a physical interaction between PRKAR1B-AS2 and PI3K-110α. Moreover, PRKAR1B-AS2 knockdown by systemic administration of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles loaded with PRKAR1B-AS2–specific small interfering RNA enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in a xenograft OC mouse model. In conclusion, PRKAR1B-AS2 promotes tumor growth and confers chemoresistance by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Thus, targeting PRKAR1B-AS2 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of OC patients.
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Kma L, Baruah TJ. The interplay of ROS and the PI3K/Akt pathway in autophagy regulation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:248-264. [PMID: 33442914 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy causes the breakdown of damaged proteins and organelles to their constituent components. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway played an important role in regulating the autophagic response of cells in response to changing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The PI3K α catalytic subunit inhibits autophagy, while its β catalytic subunit promotes autophagy in response to changes in ROS levels. The downstream Akt protein acts against autophagy initiation in response to increases in ROS levels under nutrient-rich conditions. Akt acts by activating a mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and by arresting autophagic gene expression. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein counteracts the Akt actions. mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibit autophagy under moderate ROS levels, but under high ROS levels, mTORC2 can promote cellular senescence via autophagy. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein are the negative regulators of the PI3K pathway, and it has proautophagic activities. Studies conducted on cells treated with flavonoids and ionizing radiation showed that the moderate increase in ROS levels in the flavonoid-treated groups corresponded with higher PTEN levels and lowered Akt levels leading to a higher occurrence of autophagy. In contrast, higher ROS levels evoked by ionizing radiation caused a lowering of the incidence of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhan Kma
- Cancer and Radiation Countermeasures Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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11
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Wang H, Wang Y, Li C, Wang H, Geng X, Hu B, Wen R, Wang J, Zhang F. Structural basis for tailor-made selective PI3K α/β inhibitors: a computational perspective. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PI3K α and β are Class IA PI3K isoforms that share a highly homologous ATP binding site, differing only in a few residues around the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshi Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Xiaohui Geng
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Baichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Rui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
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Identification of a cross-talk between EGFR and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109885. [PMID: 33340661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
EGFRis a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. EGFR is actively pursued as a therapeutic target because its aberrant expression or activity has been reported in several cancers. Several studies have reported the nuclear localization of the EGFR in various cell types, however, its exact nuclear functions are not clear yet. In this study, we have generated GFP fusion constructs of EGFR and its mutants to analyze their subcellular localizationin normal and cancer cells and impact of its sub-cellular location on its various activities using immunoblotting, confocal microscopy, reporter assays, loss-of-function EGFR mutants, and EGFR specific small molecule inhibitors. We show that EGFR is involved in modulating TCF dependent β-catenin transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells in a similar fashion as IGF1R tyrosine kinase. Moreover, we show that cytoplasmic and nuclear functions are two independent activities of EGFR.
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14
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Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors as new weapon to combat cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Chen JS, Huang JQ, Luo B, Dong SH, Wang RC, Jiang ZK, Xie YK, Yi W, Wen GM, Zhong JF. PIK3CD induces cell growth and invasion by activating AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:997-1011. [PMID: 30618098 PMCID: PMC6398891 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic subunit p110δ of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) encoded by PIK3CD has been implicated in some human solid tumors. However, its roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Here we found that PIK3CD was overexpressed in colon cancer tissues and CRC cell lines and was an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) of patients with colon cancer. The ectopic overexpression of PIK3CD significantly promoted CRC cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, inhibition of PIK3CD by specific small‐interfering RNA or idelalisib dramatically suppressed CRC cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, PIK3CD overexpression increased AKT activity, nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcriptional activity and decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β) activity, whereas PIK3CD inhibition exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, PIK3CD‐mediated cell growth, migration and invasion were reversed by blockade of AKT signaling or depletion of β‐catenin. In addition, PIK3CD expression in colon cancer tissues positively correlated with β‐catenin abnormal expression, which was an independent predictor for OS of colon cancer patients. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PIK3CD is an independent prognostic factor in CRC and that PIK3CD induces CRC cell growth, migration and invasion by activating AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling, suggesting that PIK3CD might be a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Song Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiong-Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hao Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Chang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Kun Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Kang Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ming Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase PIK3CA/p110α and PIK3CB/p110β Isoforms in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123931. [PMID: 30544563 PMCID: PMC6321576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway is highly dysregulated in cancer, leading to elevated PI3K signalling and altered cellular processes that contribute to tumour development. The pathway is normally orchestrated by class I PI3K enzymes and negatively regulated by the phosphatase and tensin homologue, PTEN. Endometrial carcinomas harbour frequent alterations in components of the pathway, including changes in gene copy number and mutations, in particular in the oncogene PIK3CA, the gene encoding the PI3K catalytic subunit p110α, and the tumour suppressor PTEN. PIK3CB, encoding the other ubiquitously expressed class I isoform p110β, is less frequently altered but the few mutations identified to date are oncogenic. This isoform has received more research interest in recent years, particularly since PTEN-deficient tumours were found to be reliant on p110β activity to sustain transformation. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the common and distinct biochemical properties of the p110α and p110β isoforms, summarise their mutations and highlight how they are targeted in clinical trials in endometrial cancer.
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Singh P, Bano N, Hossain MM, Basit R, Dar MJ. p110α and p110β isoforms of PI3K are involved in protection against H 2O 2 induced oxidative stress in cancer cells. Breast Cancer 2018; 26:378-385. [PMID: 30499025 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in regulating cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and survival. p110α and p110β, two ubiquitously expressed isoforms of PI3K signalling, are involved in growth factor mediated signaling and survival by generating second messengers. Earlier, we have generated GFP-fusion proteins of p110α and p110β and expressed them in normal and cancer cell-lines to investigate their subcellular localization and their role in various activities. Here, we sought to examine the role of p110α and p110β isoforms in protecting MCF-7 breast cancer cells against oxidative stress. MATERIAL METHODS We performed cytotoxicity assays, DNA transfection, Plasmid DNA preparation, western blotting, flourscence microscopy and statistical analysis. RESULTS To know whether p110α and p110β are involved in protecting MCF-7 breast cancer cells against oxidative stress, we subjected MCF-7 cells to H2O2 treatment and observed a dose dependent decrease in cell viability and a marked increase in the levels of pro-apoptotic markers which include PARP, Bcl-2, Bax and procaspase-9. We then over-expressed recombinant GFP-fusion p110α and p110β proteins in MCF-7 cells and observed a significant decrease in apoptosis and a concomitant increase in pAkt levels. CONCLUSION We report the involvement of p110α and p110β isoforms of Class 1A PI3K signalling in rescue from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in Akt dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjeet Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, 180001, India
| | - Nasima Bano
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, 180001, India
| | - Md Mehedi Hossain
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, 180001, India
| | - Rafia Basit
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, 180001, India
| | - Mohd Jamal Dar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India. .,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, 180001, India.
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Castejón-Griñán M, Herraiz C, Olivares C, Jiménez-Cervantes C, García-Borrón JC. cAMP-independent non-pigmentary actions of variant melanocortin 1 receptor: AKT-mediated activation of protective responses to oxidative DNA damage. Oncogene 2018; 37:3631-3646. [PMID: 29622793 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), a well-established melanoma susceptibility gene, regulates the amount and type of melanin pigments formed within epidermal melanocytes. MC1R variants associated with increased melanoma risk promote the production of photosensitizing pheomelanins as opposed to photoprotective eumelanins. Wild-type (WT) MC1R activates DNA repair and antioxidant defenses in a cAMP-dependent fashion. Since melanoma-associated MC1R variants are hypomorphic in cAMP signaling, these non-pigmentary actions are thought to be defective in MC1R-variant human melanoma cells and epidermal melanocytes, consistent with a higher mutation load in MC1R-variant melanomas. We compared induction of antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage responses in melanocytic cells of defined MC1R genotype. Increased expression of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes following MC1R activation was cAMP-dependent and required a WT MC1R genotype. Conversely, pretreatment of melanocytic cells with an MC1R agonist before an oxidative challenge with Luperox decreased (i) accumulation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine, a major product of oxidative DNA damage, (ii) phosphorylation of histone H2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, and (iii) formation of DNA breaks. These responses were comparable in cells WT for MC1R or harboring hypomorphic MC1R variants without detectable cAMP signaling. In MC1R-variant melanocytic cells, the DNA-protective responses were mediated by AKT. Conversely, in MC1R-WT melanocytic cells, high cAMP production downstream of MC1R blocked AKT activation and was responsible for inducing DNA repair. Accordingly, MC1R activation could promote repair of oxidative DNA damage by a cAMP-dependent pathway downstream of WT receptor, or via AKT in cells of variant MC1R genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castejón-Griñán
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Conchi Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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The crosstalk between long non-coding RNAs and PI3K in cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:39. [PMID: 28176240 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are able to positively or negatively regulate other genes expression in cis or in trans. Their effect can be achieved through RNA-protein, RNA-DNA, or RNA-RNA interactions. They can recruit transcription factors and act as scaffolds or guides for chromatin-modifying enzymes. PI3K kinases transform external stimuli to intracellular signals regulating cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, survival, intracellular trafficking, cytoskeletal changes, cell migration and motility, and metabolism. PI3K is activated in cancer and affects several aspects of oncogenesis. LncRNAs and PI3K have been shown to be interconnected in several different cancer subtypes enhancing aberrant cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion, and also cancer cell metabolism. In this review, we have assembled recent data describing the interaction between lncRNAs and PI3K and the results of such interaction.
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