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Fonódi M, Nagy L, Boratkó A. Role of Protein Phosphatases in Tumor Angiogenesis: Assessing PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PTPs Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6868. [PMID: 38999976 PMCID: PMC11241275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels to support tumor growth and metastasis, is a complex process regulated by a multitude of signaling pathways. Dysregulation of signaling pathways involving protein kinases has been extensively studied, but the role of protein phosphatases in angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment remains less explored. However, among angiogenic pathways, protein phosphatases play critical roles in modulating signaling cascades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis, highlighting their diverse functions and mechanisms of action. Protein phosphatases are key regulators of cellular signaling pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of proteins, thereby modulating their activity and function. This review aims to assess the activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatases and serine/threonine phosphatases. These phosphatases exert their effects on angiogenic signaling pathways through various mechanisms, including direct dephosphorylation of angiogenic receptors and downstream signaling molecules. Moreover, protein phosphatases also crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, further emphasizing their significance in regulating tumor vascularization, including endothelial cell survival, sprouting, and vessel maturation. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis and accentuate their potential as therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.F.); (L.N.)
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2
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Zhang T, Zhou Q, Jusić N, Lu W, Pignoni F, Neal SJ. Mitf, with Yki and STRIPAK-PP2A, is a key determinant of form and fate in the progenitor epithelium of the Drosophila eye. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151421. [PMID: 38776620 PMCID: PMC11229422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor (MITF) governs numerous cellular and developmental processes. In mice, it promotes specification and differentiation of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), and in humans, some mutations in MITF induce congenital eye malformations. Herein, we explore the function and regulation of Mitf in Drosophila eye development and uncover two roles. We find that knockdown of Mitf results in retinal displacement (RDis), a phenotype associated with abnormal eye formation. Mitf functions in the peripodial epithelium (PE), a retinal support tissue akin to the RPE, to suppress RDis, via the Hippo pathway effector Yorkie (Yki). Yki physically interacts with Mitf and can modify its transcriptional activity in vitro. Severe loss of Mitf, instead, results in the de-repression of retinogenesis in the PE, precluding its development. This activity of Mitf requires the protein phosphatase 2 A holoenzyme STRIPAK-PP2A, but not Yki; Mitf transcriptional activity is potentiated by STRIPAK-PP2A in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of STRIPAK-PP2A results in cytoplasmic retention of Mitf in vivo and in its decreased stability in vitro, highlighting two potential mechanisms for the control of Mitf function by STRIPAK-PP2A. Thus, Mitf functions in a context-dependent manner as a key determinant of form and fate in the Drosophila eye progenitor epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4601, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4601, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Nisveta Jusić
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4601, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Wenwen Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4601, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Francesca Pignoni
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4601, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, USA.
| | - Scott J Neal
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, NRB 4601, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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3
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Li AX, Martin TA, Lane J, Jiang WG. Cellular Impacts of Striatins and the STRIPAK Complex and Their Roles in the Development and Metastasis in Clinical Cancers (Review). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:76. [PMID: 38201504 PMCID: PMC10777921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Striatins (STRNs) are generally considered to be cytoplasmic proteins, with lower expression observed in the nucleus and at cell-cell contact regions. Together with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), STRNs form the core region of striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes through the coiled-coil region of STRN proteins, which is crucial for substrate recruitment. Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing amount of research into the biological and cellular functions of STRIPAK members. STRNs and the constituent members of the STRIPAK complex have been found to regulate several cellular functions, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, and motility. Dysregulation of these cellular events is associated with cancer development. Importantly, their roles in cancer cells and clinical cancers are becoming recognised, with several STRIPAK components found to have elevated expression in cancerous tissues compared to healthy tissues. These molecules exhibit significant diagnostic and prognostic value across different cancer types and in metastatic progression. The present review comprehensively summarises and discusses the current knowledge of STRNs and core STRIPAK members, in cancer malignancy, from both cellular and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracey A. Martin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.X.L.); (J.L.); (W.G.J.)
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Cariulo C, Martufi P, Verani M, Toledo-Sherman L, Lee R, Dominguez C, Petricca L, Caricasole A. IKBKB reduces huntingtin aggregation by phosphorylating serine 13 via a non-canonical IKK pathway. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302006. [PMID: 37553253 PMCID: PMC10410066 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
N-terminal phosphorylation at residues T3 and S13 is believed to have important beneficial implications for the biological and pathological properties of mutant huntingtin, where inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKBKB) was identified as a candidate regulator of huntingtin N-terminal phosphorylation. The paucity of mechanistic information on IKK pathways, together with the lack of sensitive methods to quantify endogenous huntingtin phosphorylation, prevented detailed study of the role of IKBKB in Huntington's disease. Using novel ultrasensitive assays, we demonstrate that IKBKB can regulate endogenous S13 huntingtin phosphorylation in a manner, dependent on its kinase activity and known regulators. We found that the ability of IKBKB to phosphorylate endogenous huntingtin S13 is mediated through a non-canonical interferon regulatory factor3-mediated IKK pathway, distinct from the established involvement of IKBKB in mutant huntingtin's pathological mechanisms mediated via the canonical pathway. Furthermore, increased huntingtin S13 phosphorylation by IKBKB resulted in decreased aggregation of mutant huntingtin in cells, again dependent on its kinase activity. These findings point to a non-canonical IKK pathway linking S13 huntingtin phosphorylation to the pathological properties of mutant huntingtin aggregation, thought to be significant to Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cariulo
- Neuroscience Unit, Translational and Discovery Research Department, IRBM S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Martufi
- Neuroscience Unit, Translational and Discovery Research Department, IRBM S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Verani
- Neuroscience Unit, Translational and Discovery Research Department, IRBM S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Leticia Toledo-Sherman
- Rainwatercf.org Tau Consortium, Rainwater Charitable Foundation, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- UCLA, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramee Lee
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Lara Petricca
- Neuroscience Unit, Translational and Discovery Research Department, IRBM S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Caricasole
- Neuroscience Unit, Translational and Discovery Research Department, IRBM S.p.A., Rome, Italy
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5
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Yu H, Zaveri S, Sattar Z, Schaible M, Perez Gandara B, Uddin A, McGarvey LR, Ohlmeyer M, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1552. [PMID: 37763671 PMCID: PMC10535831 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
New disease targets and medicinal chemistry approaches are urgently needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a complex heterotrimeric enzyme that regulates dephosphorylation of serine and threonine residues from many proteins, is observed in multiple pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Loss of PP2A responses is linked to many mechanisms associated with disease progressions, such as senescence, proliferation, inflammation, corticosteroid resistance, enhanced protease responses, and mRNA stability. Therefore, chemical restoration of PP2A may represent a novel treatment for these diseases. This review outlines the potential impact of reduced PP2A activity in pulmonary diseases, endogenous and exogenous inhibitors of PP2A, details the possible PP2A-dependent mechanisms observed in these conditions, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. Substantial medicinal chemistry efforts are underway to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of specific activators of PP2A that selectively target PP2A holoenzymes could improve our understanding of the function of PP2A in pulmonary diseases. This may lead to the development of therapeutics for restoring normal PP2A responses within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Yu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Sahil Zaveri
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Zeeshan Sattar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Michael Schaible
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Brais Perez Gandara
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Anwar Uddin
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | - Lucas R. McGarvey
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
| | | | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (H.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.S.); (M.S.); (B.P.G.); (A.U.); (L.R.M.)
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Zhu W, Chu H, Zhang Y, Luo T, Yu H, Zhu H, Liu Y, Gao H, Zhao Y, Li Q, Wang X, Li G, Yang W. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 dephosphorylates IκBα and suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2023; 33:245-257. [PMID: 36646759 PMCID: PMC9977772 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that some metabolic enzymes that phosphorylate soluble metabolites can also phosphorylate a variety of protein substrates as protein kinases to regulate cell cycle, apoptosis and many other fundamental cellular processes. However, whether a metabolic enzyme dephosphorylates protein as a protein phosphatase remains unknown. Here we reveal the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose 1,6-biphosphatase 1 (FBP1) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP) to fructose 6-phosphate (F-6-P) as a protein phosphatase by performing a high-throughput screening of metabolic phosphatases with molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, we identify IκBα as the substrate of FBP1-mediated dephosphorylation by performing phosphoproteomic analysis. Mechanistically, FBP1 directly interacts with and dephosphorylates the serine (S) 32/36 of IκBα upon TNFα stimulation, thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation. MD simulations indicate that the catalytic mechanism of FBP1-mediated IκBα dephosphorylation is similar to F-1,6-BP dephosphorylation, except for higher energetic barriers for IκBα dephosphorylation. Functionally, FBP1-dependent NF-κB inactivation suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis by sensitizing tumor cells to inflammatory stresses and preventing the mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Our finding reveals a previously unrecognized role of FBP1 as a protein phosphatase and establishes the critical role of FBP1-mediated IκBα dephosphorylation in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanlin Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Weiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Wuerger LTD, Kudiabor F, Alarcan J, Templin M, Poetz O, Sieg H, Braeuning A. Okadaic Acid Activates JAK/STAT Signaling to Affect Xenobiotic Metabolism in HepaRG Cells. Cells 2023; 12:770. [PMID: 36899906 PMCID: PMC10000888 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a marine biotoxin that is produced by algae and accumulates in filter-feeding shellfish, through which it enters the human food chain, leading to diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) after ingestion. Furthermore, additional effects of OA have been observed, such as cytotoxicity. Additionally, a strong downregulation of the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the liver can be observed. The underlying mechanisms of this, however, remain to be examined. In this study, we investigated a possible underlying mechanism of the downregulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and retinoid-X-receptor alpha (RXRα) by OA through NF-κB and subsequent JAK/STAT activation in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. Our data suggest an activation of NF-κB signaling and subsequent expression and release of interleukins, which then activate JAK-dependent signaling and thus STAT3. Moreover, using the NF-κB inhibitors JSH-23 and Methysticin and the JAK inhibitors Decernotinib and Tofacitinib, we were also able to demonstrate a connection between OA-induced NF-κB and JAK signaling and the downregulation of CYP enzymes. Overall, we provide clear evidence that the effect of OA on the expression of CYP enzymes in HepaRG cells is regulated through NF-κB and subsequent JAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T. D. Wuerger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicia Kudiabor
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Poetz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has good anti-hyperglycemic effectiveness, but does not induce hypoglycemia,is very safe, and has become the preferred drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recently, the other effects of metformin, such as being anti-inflammatory and delaying aging, have also attracted increased attention. METHODS AND RESULTS The relevant literatures on pubmed and other websites for reading, classification and sorting, and did not involve any animal experiments. CONCLUSION Metformin has anti-inflammatory effects through multiple routes, which provides potential therapeutic targets for certain inflammatory diseases, such as neuroinflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, inflammation is a key component of tumor occurrence and development ; thus, targeted inflammatory intervention is a significant benefit for both cancer prevention and treatment. Therefore, metformin may have further potential for inflammation-related disease prevention and treatmen. However, the inflammatory mechanism is complex; various molecules are connected and influence each other. For example, metformin significantly inhibits p65 nuclear translocation, but pretreatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolishes this effect, and silencing of HMGB1 inhibits NF-κB activation . SIRT1 deacetylates FoxO, increasing its transcriptional activity . mTOR in dendritic cells regulates FoxO1 via AKT. The interactions among various molecules should be further explored to clarify their specific mechanisms and provide more direction for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as cancer.
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Sun Z, Liu X, Lu M, Zhang X, Sun J. Serum-derived exosomes induce proinflammatory cytokines production in Cynoglossus semilaevis via miR-133-3p. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104497. [PMID: 35921922 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by various types of cells. In mammals, a wide range of physiological and pathological functions have been confirmed and attributed to EVs carrying a variety of molecular cargoes, including miRNAs. However, studies on the biological functions and related molecular mechanisms of serum exosomes isolated from teleost fish are limited. Indeed, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of serum exosomes on immune responses and inflammatory processes are unknown. Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an economically important species used widely in industrial aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi, a common bacterial pathogen that infects C. semilaevis and some other fish, causes excessive inflammatory reactions, which are characterized by skin ulceration. Here, we isolated serum-derived exosomes from C. semilaevis and investigated their effects on inflammatory processes following V. harveyi infection. We found that compared with uninfected fish, exosome abundance in infected fish blood increased with bacterial infection time, while expression of TNF-α increased, and that of IL-10 decreased, significantly. Moreover, artificial infection studies demonstrated that injection of serum exosomes isolated from infected fish increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, which is consistent with the increase in proinflammatory cytokines induced by V. harveyi infection. To further investigate the mechanisms by which exosomes increase proinflammatory cytokine production, we performed miRNA expression profiling and found that 26 differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with bacterial infection and immune responses; of these, miR-133-3p was considerably more abundant in serum exosomes from infected fish. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-133-3p inhibits NF-κB signaling pathways by targeting PP2A and affecting cytokine release. We also found that miR-133-3p increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in fish blood and kidney, whereas an miR-133-3p inhibitor showed the opposite results. Thus, the data suggest that serum exosomes participate in innate immunity in teleost fish by promoting inflammatory responses to bacterial infection. Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-133-3p increases expression of proinflammatory cytokines in C. semilaevis, resulting in excessive inflammatory responses during V. harveyi infection. These data may lead to development of methods and strategies that control skin ulceration in Chinese tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Faculty of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Meiyi Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
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Gergs U, Jahn T, Schulz N, Großmann C, Rueckschloss U, Demus U, Buchwalow IB, Neumann J. Protein Phosphatase 2A Improves Cardiac Functional Response to Ischemia and Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094688. [PMID: 35563079 PMCID: PMC9101092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification of regulatory proteins involved in cardiac signaling pathways. Here, we focus on the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) for cardiac gene expression and stress response using a transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocyte-specific overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-TG). Gene and protein expression were assessed under basal conditions by gene chip analysis and Western blotting. Some cardiac genes related to the cell metabolism and to protein phosphorylation such as kinases and phosphatases were altered in PP2A-TG compared to wild type mice (WT). As cardiac stressors, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in vivo and a global cardiac ischemia in vitro (stop-flow isolated perfused heart model) were examined. Whereas the basal cardiac function was reduced in PP2A-TG as studied by echocardiography or as studied in the isolated work-performing heart, the acute LPS- or ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction deteriorated less in PP2A-TG compared to WT. From the data, we conclude that increased PP2A activity may influence the acute stress tolerance of cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4093
| | - Tina Jahn
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Nico Schulz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Claudia Großmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany;
| | - Uwe Rueckschloss
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Uta Demus
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio-und Umwelttechnologien e. V., D-06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Igor B. Buchwalow
- Institut für Hämatopathologie, D-22547 Hamburg, Germany;
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center for Molecular Morphology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (T.J.); (N.S.); (J.N.)
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Resveratrol-loaded titania nanotube coatings promote osteogenesis and inhibit inflammation through reducing the reactive oxygen species production via regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112513. [PMID: 34857292 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although titanium and its alloys are widely used in bone surgeries, the implantation failures caused by sterile inflammation still occur. The excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peri-implant region are considered to cause inflammation and impede the osseointegration of titanium implants. In this study, a coating of resveratrol-loaded titania nanotube (TNT-Res) for eliminating ROS was fabricated on titanium surface through electrochemical anodization and following surface adsorption of resveratrol. The resveratrol concentration of released from TNT-Res coating was controlled by modulating the loading amount. The ROS production in macrophage cell lineage RAW 264.7 and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were significantly decreased when cultured on TNT-Res coatings. The pro-inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and NO produced by RAW 264.7 cells were reduced when cells were cultured on TNT-Res coatings. These results proved that the TNT-Res coating can effectively eliminate ROS and inhibit inflammation. Moreover, the osteogenic indicators, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production, extracellular calcium deposition, and osteogenesis-related gene expression, including collagen І (Col-І), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), were significantly promoted for TNT-Res groups, which demonstrated that the TNT-Res coating can enhance the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Additionally, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) were down-regulated both in RAW 264.7 cells and BMSCs, which indicated that the TNT-Res coating could inhibit inflammation and promote osteogenesis by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The TNT-Res coating could be an effective implant surface for improving osseointegration ability of titanium implants.
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Yuan JN, Hong Y, Ma ZL, Pang RP, Lei QQ, Lv XF, Zhou JG, Huang H, Zhang TT. MiR-302a Limits Vascular Inflammation by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-κ B Pathway in Endothelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682574. [PMID: 34409030 PMCID: PMC8365611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response of endothelial cells accelerates various vascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in diverse cellular processes during inflammation. In the present study, we found that miR-302a is an effective suppressor of vascular inflammation in endothelial cells. It was revealed that miR-302a exhibited a lower level in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model and in patients with vascular inflammatory disease. Genetic haploinsufficiency of miR-302 aggravated the LPS-induced vascular inflammatory response in mice, and overexpression of miR-302a attenuated vascular inflammation in mice. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-302a inhibited the synthesis and secretion of adhesion factors in endothelial cells, and suppressed the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium. In the study of molecular mechanism, we found that miR-302a relieved vascular inflammation mainly by regulating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway in endothelial cells. The results showed that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase4 (IRAK4) and zinc finger protein 91 (ZFP91) were the binding targets of miR-302a. MiR-302a prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by inhibiting phosphorylation of IκB kinase complex β (IKKβ) and inhibitors of κBα (IκBα) via targeting IRAK4. In addition, miR-302a downregulated the expression of NF-κB by directly binding with ZFP91. These findings indicate that miR-302a negatively regulates inflammatory responses in the endothelium via the NF-κB pathway and it may be a novel target for relieving vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ni Yuan
- Program of Cardiovascular Research, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Lin Ma
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhou
- Program of Cardiovascular Research, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Program of Cardiovascular Research, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Program of Cardiovascular Research, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Docrat TF, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Metformin protects against neuroinflammation through integrated mechanisms of miR-141 and the NF-ĸB-mediated inflammasome pathway in a diabetic mouse model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 903:174146. [PMID: 33961875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The brain responds to diabetic stress by inducing the inflammatory response. Under normal circumstances this process is tightly regulated. However, uncontrolled inflammatory responses lead to compromised function and eventual neurodegeneration. The microRNA (miR)-200 family, specifically miR-141, is differentially expressed in diseased states including cognitive decline, thereby triggering changes in downstream genes. We hypothesised that Metformin (MF) regulates the miR-141/protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) axis, and associated NF-ĸB-mediated inflammasome expression in diabetic mice brain. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), thereafter mice were treated with MF (20 mg/kg BW). Whole brain tissue was harvested for further analysis. In silico analysis showed that Sirt1 and PP2A are prediction targets of miR-141. Selected protein and gene expressions were established through western blotting and qPCR, respectively. Diabetic mice brain tissue demonstrated overexpression of miR-141 and related pro-inflammatory factors as well as decreased PP2A gene expression. MF was able to counteract this by regulating expression of miR-141, PP2A, and p-tau at Ser396 protein expressions. Further experimentation revealed MF's inhibitory action on the inflammasome system by regulating the expression of the upstream controller NLRP3, related cytokines and NF-κB signalling pathway. Collectively, we demonstrate that MF promotes neuroprotection in diabetic mice by dampening inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways. CATEGORIES: Inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Metabolic Disorders and Endocrinology, Neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Fathima Docrat
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Zhang D, Gao JL, Zhao CY, Wang DN, Xing XS, Hou XY, Wang SS, Liu Q, Luo Y. Cyclin G2 promotes the formation of smooth muscle cells derived foam cells in atherosclerosis via PP2A/NF-κB/LOX-1 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:446. [PMID: 33850843 PMCID: PMC8039706 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of cyclin G2 (G2-type cyclin) in the formation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived foam cells. Methods The levels of α-SMA (alpha-SM-actin), p-NF-κB (phosphorylation nuclear transcription factors kappa B), and LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The mouse aortic root smooth muscle cell line MOVAS was transfected to over-express cyclin G2, which were then stimulated with 80 µg/mL ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) to induce foam cell formation. DT-061 an activator of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) agonist was used to verify the role of PP2A in the process. Results Knocking out the Ccng2 gene in Apoe-/- mice alleviated aortic lipid plaque, foam cell formulation, ameliorative body weight, and LDL-cholesterol. We observed that the number of α-SMA positive cells was significantly decreased in Apoe-/-Ccng2-/- mice compared to Apoe-/- mice. Also, the protein levels of p-NF-κB and LOX-1 were markedly reduced in the aortic root of Apoe-/-Ccng2-/- mice. Upon stimulation with ox-LDL, upregulated cyclin G2 increased the intracellular lipid accumulation in MOVAS cells. Also, it suppressed the activity of PP2A but up-regulated LOX-1. Additionally, the cell nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB was increased. Interestingly, DT-061 intervention, re-activating the activity of PP2A, reduced the levels of nuclear p-NF-κB and LOX-1. This led to decreased lipid endocytosis reducing the formation of VSMCs- derived foam cells. Conclusions Cyclin G2 increases the nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB by reducing the enzymatic activity of PP2A and upregulating LOX-1, thereby promotes the formation of VSMCs -derived foam cells in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin-Lan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan-Ning Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Sha Xing
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Sen Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Qadri M, ElSayed S, Elsaid KA. Fingolimod Phosphate (FTY720-P) Activates Protein Phosphatase 2A in Human Monocytes and Inhibits Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Interleukin-1 β Production. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:222-230. [PMID: 33239408 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a chronic inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal deposits in joints of lower limbs. Phagocytic uptake of MSU crystals by joint-resident macrophages and recruited circulating monocytes results in IL-1β expression and production. Current acute gout treatments have serious toxicities and suffer suboptimal clinical outcomes. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays an important role in regulating signaling pathways relevant to inflammation. We hypothesized that innate immune danger signals, e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and soluble uric acid (sUA), prime human monocytes toward MSU crystal phagocytosis and that increased IL-1β production mediated by a reduction in PP2A activity and restoring PP2A activity exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in this setting. Priming monocytes with LPS + sUA increased cytosolic pro-IL-1β and mature IL-1β and enhanced MSU crystal phagocytosis and its downstream IL-1β expression (P < 0.001). A combination of LPS + sUA priming and MSU crystals reduced PP2A activity in monocytes by 60% (P = 0.013). PP2A catalytic subunit gene knockdown reduced PP2A activity and exacerbated MSU crystal-induced IL-1β expression and secretion (P < 0.0001). Fingolimod (FTY720) and its active metabolite, fingolimod phosphate (FTY720-P), were evaluated for their ability to activate PP2A in human monocytes over 24 hours. FTY720 and FTY720-P activated PP2A to a similar extent, and maximal enzyme activity occurred at 24 hours for FTY720 and at 6 hours for FTY720-P. FTY720-P (2.5 μM) reduced pro-IL-1β production and IL-1β secretion in primed and MSU crystal-stimulated monocytes (P < 0.0001) without changing the magnitude of crystal phagocytosis. We conclude that PP2A is a promising new target in acute gout. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is implicated in the enhanced expression and production of IL-1β by human monocytes in response to priming with soluble uric acid and lipopolysaccharide and phagocytosis of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals. Fingolimod phosphate activates PP2A in human monocytes and reduces cytosolic pro-IL-1β content and its conversion to biologically active IL-1β in human monocytes exposed to MSU crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Q.) and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, Irvine, California (S.E., K.A.E.)
| | - Sandy ElSayed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Q.) and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, Irvine, California (S.E., K.A.E.)
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.Q.) and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, Irvine, California (S.E., K.A.E.)
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Zan J, Xu R, Tang X, Lu M, Xie S, Cai J, Huang Z, Zhang J. RNA helicase DDX5 suppresses IFN-I antiviral innate immune response by interacting with PP2A-Cβ to deactivate IRF3. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112332. [PMID: 33065113 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DEAD-box (DDX) helicases are critical for recognizing viral nucleic acids to regulate antiviral innate immunity. Although DDX5 has been reported to participate in various virus infection, whether DDX5 regulates innate immune responses and its underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we report that DDX5 is a negative regulator of type I IFN (IFN-I) production in antiviral responses. DDX5 knockdown significantly promoted DNA or RNA virus infection-induced IFN-I production and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression, while ectopic expression of DDX5 inhibited IFN-I production and promoted viral replication. Furthermore, we found that DDX5 specifically interacted with serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2 A catalytic subunit beta (PP2A-Cβ) and viral infection enhanced the interaction between DDX5 and PP2A-Cβ. Besides, PP2A-Cβ interacted with IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and PP2A-Cβ knockdown promoted viral infection-induced IRF3 phosphorylation and IFN-I production. In addition, DDX5 knockdown rendered the mice more resistant to viral infection and enhanced antiviral innate immunity in vivo. Thus, DDX5 suppresses IFN-I antiviral innate immune response by interacting with PP2A-Cβ to deactivate IRF3. Together, these findings identify a negative role of DDX5 on regulating IFN-I signaling in innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xialin Tang
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minyi Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jun Cai
- The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Disease, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, China; The Infectious Disease Monitoring Laboratory of Guizhou International Travel Heathcare Center, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Guan T, Fang F, Su X, Lin K, Gao Q. Silencing PEG3 inhibits renal fibrosis in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the NF-κB pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 513:110823. [PMID: 32311421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), which can activate NF-κB pathway, plays an important role in the development of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN), the present study aimed to investigate the interaction of PEG3 and the NF-κB pathway on renal fibrosis in a DN model. Following the induction of the rat model of DN, a series of experiments were used to measure serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine protein for 24 h (UP24 h), proliferation of renal fibroblasts, positive expression of PEG3, Collagen I and Collagen II protein, the activity of NF-κB, collagen fiber expression and the FSP1+ cell ratio (fibroblast marker, reflecting renal fibrosis). Silencing of PEG3 or inhibition of the NF-κB pathway decreased the levels of Scr, BUN, and UP24 h, down-regulated Collagen I protein and up-regulated Collagen II protein. These treatments also down-regulated the expression of PEG3, NF-κB, Vimentin, α-SMA, FN, caspase-3 and FSP1 and the extents of IκBα, inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ), and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation while that of E-cadherin was up-regulated, and the ratio of FSP1+ cells was decreased. Taken together, these results showed that silencing of PEG3 inhibited the NF-κB pathway, thereby alleviating renal fibrosis in DN, thus presenting PEG3 as a potential therapeutic target in renal fibrosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjun Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, PR China
| | - Fan Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, PR China
| | - Kaiqiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, PR China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, PR China.
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Zhou X, Ke C, Lv Y, Ren C, Lin T, Dong F, Mi Y. Asiaticoside suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting the NF‑κB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1525-1537. [PMID: 32945376 PMCID: PMC7447327 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality. Asiaticoside (AC) exhibits antitumor effects; however, to the best of our knowledge, the biological function of AC in CRC cells remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of AC on CRC cells. In the present study, CCK-8 and colony formation assays were performed to assess the effects of AV on human CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480 and LoVo). Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by JC-1 staining. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were monitored by flow cytometry, and the expression of genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the biological effect of AC in vivo was detected using a xenograft mouse model. The findings revealed that 2 µM AC suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but had no adverse effects on normal human intestinal FHC cells at a range of concentrations. AC decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the apoptosis of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AC induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. AC attenuated IκBα phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, thereby preventing P65 from entering the nucleus, and resulting in inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, AC significantly reduced the expression of CDK4 and Cyclin D1 in a dose-dependent manner, significantly upregulated the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio. Furthermore, treatment with the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor JSH-23 significantly increased the cytotoxicity of AC in CRC cells. Findings of the xenograft mice model experiments revealed that AC significantly inhibited colorectal tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, AC suppressed activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by downregulating IκBα phosphorylation. This resulted in inhibition of CRC cell viability and an increase of cell apoptosis, which may form the basis of AC use in the treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Ke
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Tiansheng Lin
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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Xie F, Li F, Li R, Liu Z, Shi J, Zhang C, Dong N. Inhibition of PP2A enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valvular interstitial cells via ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. Life Sci 2020; 257:118086. [PMID: 32679147 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of PP2A in calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The expressions of PP2A subunits were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot in aortic valves from patients with CAVD and normal controls, the activities of PP2A were analyzed by commercial assay kit at the same time. Aortic valve calcification of mice was evaluated through histological and echocardiographic analysis. ApoE-/- mice and ApoE-/- mice injected intraperitoneally with PP2A inhibitor LB100 were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 24 weeks. Immunofluorescent staining was used to locate the cell-type in which PP2A activity was decreased, the PP2A activity of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) treated with osteogenic induction medium was assessed by western blot and commercial assay kit. After changing the activity of VICs through pharmacologic and genetic intervention, the osteoblast differentiation and mineralization were assessed by western blot and Alizarin Red staining. Finally, the mechanism was clarified by using several specific inhibitors. KEY FINDINGS PP2A activity was decreased both in calcified aortic valves and human VICs under osteogenic induction. The PP2A inhibitor LB100 aggravated the aortic valve calcification of mice. Furthermore, PPP2CA overexpression inhibited osteogenic differentiation of VICs, whereas PPP2CA knockdown promoted the process. Further study revealed that the ERK/p38 MAPKs signaling pathways mediated the osteogenic differentiation of VICs induced by PP2A inactivation. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that PP2A plays an important role in CAVD pathophysiology, PP2A activation may provide a novel strategy for the pharmacological treatment of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Wang X, Ren R, Shao M, Lan J. MicroRNA‑16 inhibits endometrial stromal cell migration and invasion through suppression of the inhibitor of nuclear factor‑κB kinase subunit β/nuclear factor‑κB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:740-750. [PMID: 32626910 PMCID: PMC7307865 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) are responsible for the pathogenesis of endometriosis (Ems), which is characterized by the presence of functional endometrial-like tissues outside the uterine cavity. Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ESCs may be implicated in the etiology of Ems; however, the exact mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of miRNAs on ESCs and the underlying mechanisms. Using a microarray assay, microRNA-16 (miR-16) was found to be significantly downregulated in the ectopic endometrial tissues in patients with Ems, compared with that in eutopic endometrial tissues. Overexpression of miR-16 significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of ESCs, whereas miR-16 inhibition exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-16 directly targeted the inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-κB kinase subunit β (IKKβ) and suppressed its translation. It was observed that the expression of IKKβ was upregulated and inversely correlated with miR-16 levels in the ectopic endometrial tissues in patients with Ems. Additionally, knockdown of IKKβ by si-IKKβ mimicked the effects of miR-16 overexpression on ESCs, while the promoting effects of IKKβ overexpression on the migration and invasion of ESCs were attenuated by miR-16 overexpression. Finally, miR-16 inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway by targeting IKKβ. Collectively, these results demonstrated that miR-16 may suppress Ems by inhibiting the IKKβ/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that miR-16 may be a useful target in the treatment of Ems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Meili Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Women and Children Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lan
- Department of Gynecology, The Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Dongguan City Guangdong Province, Dongguan, Guangdong 523120, P.R. China
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21
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Clark AR, Ohlmeyer M. Protein phosphatase 2A as a therapeutic target in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:181-201. [PMID: 31158394 PMCID: PMC6700395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric enzyme that catalyzes the selective removal of phosphate groups from protein serine and threonine residues. Emerging evidence suggests that it functions as a tumor suppressor by constraining phosphorylation-dependent signalling pathways that regulate cellular transformation and metastasis. Therefore, PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) are being actively sought and investigated as potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Here we explore the concept that PP2A also constrains inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways, suggesting that PADs may be effective in the treatment of inflammation-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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22
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Hawiger J, Zienkiewicz J. Decoding inflammation, its causes, genomic responses, and emerging countermeasures. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12812. [PMID: 31378956 PMCID: PMC6883124 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the mechanism of diseases caused by microbial, autoimmune, allergic, metabolic and physical insults that produce distinct types of inflammatory responses. This aetiologic view of inflammation informs its classification based on a cause‐dependent mechanism as well as a cause‐directed therapy and prevention. The genomic era ushered in a new understanding of inflammation by highlighting the cell's nucleus as the centre of the inflammatory response. Exogenous or endogenous inflammatory insults evoke genomic responses in immune and non‐immune cells. These genomic responses depend on transcription factors, which switch on and off a myriad of inflammatory genes through their regulatory networks. We discuss the transcriptional paradigm of inflammation based on denying transcription factors’ access to the nucleus. We present two approaches that control proinflammatory signalling to the nucleus. The first approach constitutes a novel intracellular protein therapy with bioengineered physiologic suppressors of cytokine signalling. The second approach entails control of proinflammatory transcriptional cascades by targeting nuclear transport with a cell‐penetrating peptide that inhibits the expression of 23 out of the 26 mediators of inflammation along with the nine genes required for metabolic responses. We compare these emerging anti‐inflammatory countermeasures to current therapies. The transcriptional paradigm of inflammation offers nucleocentric strategies for microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, physical and other types of inflammation afflicting millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Gergs U, Jahn T, Werner F, Köhler C, Köpp F, Großmann C, Neumann J. Overexpression of protein phosphatase 5 in the mouse heart: Reduced contractility but increased stress tolerance - Two sides of the same coin? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221289. [PMID: 31425567 PMCID: PMC6699691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction are largely unknown. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in cardiac myocytes and is involved in bacterial endotoxin-mediated inflammatory disorders. TLR4 signaling leads to activation of the nuclear factor kappa B followed by increased expression of cytokines. Several protein phosphatases including PP2Cβ, PP2A or PP1 are known to act as regulators of this signaling pathway. Here, we examined the role of PP5 for the inflammatory response to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide in the heart using a transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocyte directed overexpression of PP5. In these transgenic mice, basal cardiac contractility was reduced, in vivo as well as in vitro, but LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction was less pronounced compared to wild type mice. Quantitative RT-PCR suggested an attenuated NF-κB signaling in the heart and cardiac expression of heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) was increased in PP5 transgenic mice. From our data we assume that PP5 increases stress tolerance of cardiac myocytes by downregulation of NF-κB signaling and upregulation of HSP25 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tina Jahn
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carolin Köhler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Friedrich Köpp
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Großmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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24
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Kück U, Radchenko D, Teichert I. STRIPAK, a highly conserved signaling complex, controls multiple eukaryotic cellular and developmental processes and is linked with human diseases. Biol Chem 2019; 400:1005-1022. [PMID: 31042639 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex is evolutionary highly conserved and has been structurally and functionally described in diverse lower and higher eukaryotes. In recent years, this complex has been biochemically characterized better and further analyses in different model systems have shown that it is also involved in numerous cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotic organisms. Further recent results have shown that the STRIPAK complex functions as a macromolecular assembly communicating through physical interaction with other conserved signaling protein complexes to constitute larger dynamic protein networks. Here, we will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the architecture, function and regulation of the STRIPAK complex and discuss key issues and future perspectives, linked with human diseases, which may form the basis of further research endeavors in this area. In particular, the investigation of bi-directional interactions between STRIPAK and other signaling pathways should elucidate upstream regulators and downstream targets as fundamental parts of a complex cellular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kück
- Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daria Radchenko
- Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ines Teichert
- Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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25
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Ding Y, Yu A, Tsokos GC, Malek TR. CD25 and Protein Phosphatase 2A Cooperate to Enhance IL-2R Signaling in Human Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:93-104. [PMID: 31085588 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose IL-2 therapy is a direct approach to boost regulatory T cells (Tregs) and promote immune tolerance in autoimmune patients. However, the mechanisms responsible for selective response of Tregs to low-dose IL-2 is not fully understood. In this study we directly assessed the contribution of CD25 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in promoting IL-2R signaling in Tregs. IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 (pSTAT5) was proportional to CD25 levels on human CD4+ T cells and YT human NK cell line, directly demonstrating that CD25 promotes IL-2R signaling. Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) by lentiviral transduction in human Tregs increased the level of IL-2R subunits and promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak3 and STAT5. Interestingly, increased expression of CD25 only partially accounted for this enhanced activation of pSTAT5, indicating that PP2A promotes IL-2R signaling through multiple mechanisms. Consistent with these findings, knockdown of PP2Ac in human Tregs and impaired PP2Ac activity in mouse Tregs significantly reduced IL-2-dependent STAT5 activation. In contrast, overexpression or knockdown of PP2Ac in human T effector cells did not affect IL-2-dependent pSTAT5 activation. Overexpression of PP2Ac in human Tregs also increased the expressions of proteins related to survival, activation, and immunosuppressive function, and upregulated several IL-2-regulated genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that CD25 and PP2A cooperatively enhance the responsiveness of Tregs to IL-2, which provide potential therapeutic targets for low-dose IL-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Aixin Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136; .,Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
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26
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Chowdhury KD, Sarkar A, Chatterjee S, Patra D, Sengupta D, Banerjee S, Chakraborty P, Sadhukhan GC. Cathepsin B mediated scramblase activation triggers cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest by andrographolide to overcome cellular resistance in cisplatin resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:120-132. [PMID: 30889542 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide regimen in single or in combination with anticancer drugs is a promising new strategy to reverse chemoresistance in heaptocellular carcinoma. Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) may regulate a complementary, cooperative or redundant pathway, along with caspase cascades. Despite these findings, mechanisms underlying caspase-dependent and-independent signaling pathways in andrographolide -induced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2CR) remain unclear. Andrographolide treatment effectively reduced NF-κβ nuclear localization by modulating protein kinase A- protein phosphatase 2 A- Iκβ kinase (PKA/PP2 A/IKK) axis that in turn maintains initiator caspase8 activity. Lysosomal distribution of tBid stimulates cytosolic cathepsin B resulting accumulation of truncated-AIF with induction in scramblase mediated phosphatidylserine exposure in HepG2CR cells. Andrographolide treatment thereby switch on subG1 phase arrest by modulating cellular check points (cyclin A, B, cyclin dependent kinase-1) cueing to the apoptosis event. Collectively, this study suggested antineoplastic potential of andrographolide through PKA/PP2 A/IKK pathway in HepG2CR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Dutta Chowdhury
- Cyto-genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Avik Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University, India
| | - Sujan Chatterjee
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Debajyoti Patra
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | | | - Soumi Banerjee
- Cyto-genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, 700 009, India
| | - Pratip Chakraborty
- Department of Infertility, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, HB-36/A/3, Salt Lake, Sector-III, Kolkata, 700106, India
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27
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Wei D, Shen B, Wang W, Zhou Y, Yang X, Lu G, Yang J, Shao Y. MicroRNA‑199a‑5p functions as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma via targeting the IKKβ/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1585-1596. [PMID: 30720059 PMCID: PMC6414152 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to have a significant role in the progression of several types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in OSCC remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miRNAs in OSCC and the relevant mechanism. Using a microarray, it was found that miRNA (miR)-199a-5p was one of the most downregulated miRNAs in OSCC tissues. A low expression of miR-199a-5p was closely associated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and overall survival rate. Functionally, the overexpression of miR-199a-5p suppressed cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and promoted the apoptosis of Tca8113 and SCC-4 cells. Subsequently, inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) kinase β (IKKβ), an important regulator of NF-κB activation, was identified as a direct target of miR-199-5p. An inverse correlation was found between miR-199a-5p and IKKβ in tumor tissues. Further investigations revealed that the overexpression of IKKβ efficiently abrogated the influences caused by the overexpression of miR-199a-5p. It was also found that the miR-199a-5p-mediated anticancer effects were dependent on the inhibition of NF-κB activation. These findings indicate that miR-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of the NF-κB pathway by targeting IKKβ in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Weixin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Guangjian Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yuebao Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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28
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Zhou H, Xu J, Wang S, Peng J. Role of cantharidin in the activation of IKKα/IκBα/NF‑κB pathway by inhibiting PP2A activity in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7672-7682. [PMID: 29620225 PMCID: PMC5983964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CAN), a potent inhibitor of serine/threonine‑protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is widely used in clinical practice, particularly in the treatment of advanced cancer due to its specific action on these types of cancer. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of CAN was examined in two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (QBC939 and Hucc‑t1). Following treatment with CAN, cell viability was effectively reduced in QBC939 and Hucc‑t1 cells and normal human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells. However, a slight increase in reactive oxygen species levels in QBC939 cells treated with CAN was observed post‑treatment. CAN significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in a dose‑dependent manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) pathway was stimulated by CAN, which was confirmed by the upregulated phosphorylation levels of inhibitor of NF‑κB kinase subunit α (IKKα) and NF‑κB inhibitor α (IκBα) in cells, and an increased NF‑κB p65 subunit level in the nucleus. The expression levels of 72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were downregulated by CAN. Notably, there was a negative association between MMP2 and MMP9 expression levels, and NF‑κB p65, although NF‑κB p65 regulates the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and has a positive association with these proteins in various types of cancer. Notably, it was observed that CAN exerted specific inhibition on PP2A activity and thereby resulted in the activation of the IKKα/IκBα/NF‑κB pathway. Therefore, CAN‑induced cell inhibition maybe partially dependent on the activation of the IKKα/IκBα/NF‑κB pathway. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that CAN selectively and effectively inhibited cholangiocarcinoma cell migration and invasion. The present study may provide a novel insight into the use of CAN as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
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