1
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Su R, Kang X, Niu Y, Zhao T, Wang H. PCBP1 interacts with the HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein to potentiate NF-κB activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375168. [PMID: 38690287 PMCID: PMC11058652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The HTLV-1 Tax constitutively activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to promote the survival and transformation of HTLV-1-infected T cells. Despite extensive study of Tax, how Tax interacts with host factors to regulate NF-κB activation and HTLV-1-driven cell proliferation is not entirely clear. Here, we showed that overexpression of Poly (rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) promoted Tax-mediated IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB signaling activation, whereas knockdown of PCBP1 attenuated Tax-dependent IKK-NF-κB activation. However, Tax activation of HTLV-1 long terminal repeat was unaffected by PCBP1. Furthermore, depletion of PCBP1 led to apoptosis and reduced proliferation of HTLV-1-transformed cells. Mechanistically, PCBP1 interacted and co-localized with Tax in the cytoplasm, and PCBP1 KH3 domain was indispensable for the interaction between PCBP1 and Tax. Moreover, PCBP1 facilitated the assembly of Tax/IKK complex. Collectively, our results demonstrated that PCBP1 may exert an essential effect in Tax/IKK complex combination and subsequent NF-κB activation, which provides a novel insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xue Kang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yifan Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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2
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Yang B, Pei J, Lu C, Wang Y, Shen M, Qin X, Huang Y, Yang X, Zhao X, Ma S, Song Z, Liang Y, Wang H, Wang J. RNF144A promotes antiviral responses by modulating STING ubiquitination. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57528. [PMID: 37955227 PMCID: PMC10702816 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING, also named MITA, ERIS, MPYS, or TMEM173) plays an essential role in DNA virus- or cytosolic DNA-triggered innate immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that the RING-in-between RING (RBR) E3 ubiquitin ligase family member RING-finger protein (RNF) 144A interacts with STING and promotes its K6-linked ubiquitination at K236, thereby enhancing STING translocation from the ER to the Golgi and downstream signaling pathways. The K236R mutant of STING displays reduced activity in promoting innate immune signal transduction. Overexpression of RNF144A upregulates HSV-1- or cytosolic DNA-induced immune responses, while knockdown of RNF144A expression has the opposite effect. In addition, Rnf144a-deficient cells exhibit impaired DNA virus- or cytosolic DNA-triggered signaling, and RNF144A protects mice from DNA virus infection. In contrast, RNF144A does not affect RNA virus- or cytosolic RNA-triggered innate immune responses. Taken together, our findings identify a new positive regulator of DNA virus- or cytosolic DNA-triggered signaling pathways and a critical ubiquitination site important for fully functional STING during antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Jinyong Pei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Chen Lu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Mengyang Shen
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xiao Qin
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yulu Huang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xi Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Shujun Ma
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Zhishan Song
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Ping Yuan LaboratoryXinxiangChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and ImmunologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted DrugXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
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3
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Wang J, Qin X, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Pei J, Wang Y, Goren I, Ma S, Song Z, Liu Y, Xing H, Wang H, Yang B. TRIM7/RNF90 promotes autophagy via regulation of ATG7 ubiquitination during L. monocytogenes infection. Autophagy 2023; 19:1844-1862. [PMID: 36576150 PMCID: PMC10262811 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2162706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes is a widely used infection model for the research on pathogenesis and host defense against gram-positive intracellular bacteria. Emerging evidence indicates that posttranslational modifications play a critical role in the regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy. However, little is known about the posttranslational modifications of ATG7, the essential protein in the autophagy process. In this study, we demonstrated that the RING-type E3 ligase TRIM7/RNF90 positively regulated autophagosome accumulation by promoting the ubiquitination of ATG7 at K413, thereby affecting L. monocytogenes infection. TRIM7 expression was induced by a variety range of conditions, including starvation, rapamycin stimulation, and L. monocytogenes infection. TRIM7 deficiency in mice or cells resulted in elevated innate immune responses and increased L. monocytogenes infection. ATG7 was associated with TRIM7 and the positive regulatory role of TRIM7 in L. monocytogenes infection-, starvation- or rapamycin-induced autophagosome accumulation was suggested by TRIM7 deficiency, TRIM7 overexpression, and TRIM7 knockdown. Further mechanistic investigation indicated that TRIM7 promoted the K63-linked ubiquitination of ATG7 at K413 and ubiquitination at this site was required for the function of ATG7 in autophagy and L. monocytogenes infection. Thus, our findings suggested a new regulator in intracellular bacterial infection and autophagy, with a novel posttranslational modification targeting ATG7. This research may expand our understanding of host anti-bacterial defense and the role of autophagy in intracellular bacterial infection.Abbreviations: ATG3: autophagy related 3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG10: autophagy related 10; ATG12: autophagy related 12; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CQ: chloroquine; BMDC: bone marrow-derived dendritic cell; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophage; CFUs: colony-forming units; CXCL10/IP-10: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFIT1/ISG56: interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1; IFNB/IFN-β: interferon beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3; Lm: L. monocytogenes; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MOI: multiplicity of infection; PLA: proximity ligation assay; PMA: phorbol myristate acetate; PMA-THP1, PMA-differentiated THP1; PMs: peritoneal macrophages; PTMs: posttranslational modifications; STING1, stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TBK1, TANK binding kinase 1; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TRIM7/RNF90: tripartite motif containing; Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yulu Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qunmei Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, County, China
| | - Jinyong Pei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Idan Goren
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shujun Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhishan Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yanzi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongxia Xing
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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4
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Mohanty S, Harhaj EW. Mechanisms of Innate Immune Sensing of HTLV-1 and Viral Immune Evasion. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050735. [PMID: 37242405 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) was the first identified oncoretrovirus, which infects and establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10-20 million people worldwide. Although only ~5% of infected individuals develop pathologies such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or a neuroinflammatory disorder termed HTLV-1-asssociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), asymptomatic carriers are more susceptible to opportunistic infections. Furthermore, ATLL patients are severely immunosuppressed and prone to other malignancies and other infections. The HTLV-1 replication cycle provides ligands, mainly nucleic acids (RNA, RNA/DNA intermediates, ssDNA intermediates, and dsDNA), that are sensed by different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to trigger immune responses. However, the mechanisms of innate immune detection and immune responses to HTLV-1 infection are not well understood. In this review, we highlight the functional roles of different immune sensors in recognizing HTLV-1 infection in multiple cell types and the antiviral roles of host restriction factors in limiting persistent infection of HTLV-1. We also provide a comprehensive overview of intricate strategies employed by HTLV-1 to subvert the host innate immune response that may contribute to the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases. A more detailed understanding of HTLV-1-host pathogen interactions may inform novel strategies for HTLV-1 antivirals, vaccines, and treatments for ATLL or HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Edward W Harhaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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5
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Sirt1 Negatively Regulates Cellular Antiviral Responses by Preventing the Cytoplasmic Translocation of Interferon-Inducible Protein 16 in Human Cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0197522. [PMID: 36749073 PMCID: PMC9973000 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01975-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) plays a critical role in antiviral innate immune responses against DNA viruses. Although the acetylation of IFI16 is crucial to its cytoplasmic translocation and downstream signal transduction, the regulation of IFI16 acetylation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the NAD-dependent deacetylase silent information regulatory 1 (Sirtuin1, Sirt1) interacted with IFI16 and decreased the acetylation of IFI16, resulting in the inhibition of IFI16 cytoplasmic localization and antiviral responses against DNA virus and viral DNA in human cells. Meantime, Sirt1 could not inhibit RNA virus-triggered signal transduction. Interestingly, even p204, the murine ortholog of human IFI16, barely interacted with Sirt1. Thus, Sirt1 could not negatively regulate the acetylation of p204 and subsequent signal transduction upon herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in mouse cells. Taken together, our research work showed a new mechanism by which Sirt1 manipulated IFI16-mediated host defense. Our study also demonstrated a difference in the regulation of antiviral host defense between humans and mice, which might be considered in preclinical studies for antiviral treatment. IMPORTANCE DNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), can cause a wide range of diseases and are considered a global threat to human health. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) binds virus DNA and triggers antiviral innate immune responses to restrict viral infection. In this study, we identified that silent information regulatory 1 (Sirtuin1, Sirt1) interacted with IFI16 and regulated IFI16-mediated innate host defense. Therefore, the activator or inhibitor of Sirt1 may have the potential to be used as a novel strategy to treat DNA virus-associated diseases. We also found that Sirt1 barely interacted with p204, the murine ortholog of human IFI16, and could not negatively regulate innate immune responses upon HSV-1 infection in mouse cells. This difference between humans and mice in the regulation of antiviral host defense might be considered in preclinical studies for antiviral treatment.
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White MC, Wu X, Damania B. Oncogenic viruses, cancer biology, and innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102253. [PMID: 36240666 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies that arise as a result of viral infection account for roughly 15% of cancer cases worldwide. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against oncogenic viral infection and is also involved in the response against viral-driven tumors. In this review, we discuss research advances made over the last five years elucidating how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to oncogenic viruses, how these viruses have evolved to escape this immune pressure, and ways that innate immunity can inform the development of novel therapeutics against oncogenic viral infection and their associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C White
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinjun Wu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Carcone A, Journo C, Dutartre H. Is the HTLV-1 Retrovirus Targeted by Host Restriction Factors? Viruses 2022; 14:v14081611. [PMID: 35893677 PMCID: PMC9332716 DOI: 10.3390/v14081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), was identified a few years before Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). However, forty years later, our comprehension of HTLV-1 immune detection and the host immune responses to HTLV-1 is far more limited than for HIV. In addition to innate and adaptive immune responses that rely on specialized cells of the immune system, host cells may also express a range of antiviral factors that inhibit viral replication at different stages of the cycle, in a cell-autonomous manner. Multiple antiviral factors allowing such an intrinsic immunity have been primarily and extensively described in the context HIV infection. Here, we provide an overview of whether known HIV restriction factors might act on HTLV-1 replication. Interestingly, many of them do not exert any antiviral activity against HTLV-1, and we discuss viral replication cycle specificities that could account for these differences. Finally, we highlight future research directions that could help to identify antiviral factors specific to HTLV-1.
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8
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Yang B, Zhang G, Qin X, Huang Y, Ren X, Sun J, Ma S, Liu Y, Song D, Liu Y, Cui Y, Wang H, Wang J. Negative Regulation of RNF90 on RNA Virus-Triggered Antiviral Immune Responses Targeting MAVS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730483. [PMID: 34512666 PMCID: PMC8429505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral innate immunity is the first line of host defense against viral infection. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS, also named Cardif/IPS-1/VISA) is a critical protein in RNA virus-induced antiviral signaling pathways. Our previous research suggested that E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases RING-finger protein (RNF90) negatively regulate cellular antiviral responses by targeting STING for degradation, though its role in RNA virus infection remains unknown. This study demonstrated that RNF90 negatively regulated RNA virus-triggered antiviral innate immune responses in RNF90-silenced PMA-THP1 cells, RNF90-deficient cells (including HaCaTs, MEFs, and BMDMs), and RNF90-deficient mice. However, RNF90 regulated RNA virus-triggered antiviral innate immune responses independent of STING. RNF90 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of MAVS and its proteasome-dependent degradation, leading to the inhibition of innate immune responses. Altogether, our findings suggested a novel function and mechanism of RNF90 in antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yulu Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingliang Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shujun Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanzi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Di Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Center China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuhan Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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9
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Zhang F, Yuan Y, Ma F. Function and Regulation of Nuclear DNA Sensors During Viral Infection and Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:624556. [PMID: 33505405 PMCID: PMC7829187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IFI16, hnRNPA2B1, and nuclear cGAS are nuclear-located DNA sensors that play important roles in initiating host antiviral immunity and modulating tumorigenesis. IFI16 triggers innate antiviral immunity, inflammasome, and suppresses tumorigenesis by recognizing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), damaged nuclear DNA, or cooperatively interacting with multiple tumor suppressors such as p53 and BRCA1. hnRNPA2B1 initiates interferon (IFN)-α/β production and enhances STING-dependent cytosolic antiviral signaling by directly binding viral dsDNA from invaded viruses and facilitating N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) modification of cGAS, IFI16, and STING mRNAs. Nuclear cGAS is recruited to double-stranded breaks (DSBs), suppresses DNA repair, and promotes tumorigenesis. This review briefly describes the nuclear functions of IFI16, hnRNPA2B1, and cGAS, and summarizes the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of these nuclear DNA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
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10
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Futsch N, Prates G, Mahieux R, Casseb J, Dutartre H. Cytokine Networks Dysregulation during HTLV-1 Infection and Associated Diseases. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120691. [PMID: 30563084 PMCID: PMC6315340 DOI: 10.3390/v10120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of a neural chronic inflammation, called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and of a malignant lymphoproliferation, called the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). The mechanisms through which the HTLV-1 induces these diseases are still unclear, but they might rely on immune alterations. HAM/TSP is associated with an impaired production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL9, or CXCL10. ATLL is associated with high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β. These immunosuppressive cytokines could promote a protumoral micro-environment. Moreover, HTLV-1 infection impairs the IFN-I production and signaling, and favors the IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 expression. This contributes both to immune escape and to infected cells proliferation. Here, we review the landscape of cytokine dysregulations induced by HTLV-1 infection and the role of these cytokines in the HTLV-1-associated diseases progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Futsch
- Équipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe Labellisée «FRM», CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Labex Ecofect, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Gabriela Prates
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246-100, Brazil.
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- Équipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe Labellisée «FRM», CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Labex Ecofect, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246-100, Brazil.
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- Équipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe Labellisée «FRM», CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Labex Ecofect, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
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