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Vignesh R, Aradhyam GK. Calnuc-derived nesfatin-1-like peptide is an activator of tumor cell proliferation and migration. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2288-2300. [PMID: 37539786 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Calnuc (nucleobindin-1, nucb1) is a Ca2+ -binding protein involved in the etiology of many human diseases. To understand the functions of calnuc, we have identified a nesfatin-1-like peptide (NLP) in its N terminus that is proteolyzed by a convertase enzyme in the secretory granules of cells. Mutational studies confirm the presence of a proteolytic cleavage site for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1). We demonstrate that NLP regulates Gαq-mediated intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, likely via a G-protein-coupled receptor. NLP treatment to carcinoma cell lines (SCC131 cells) promotes the expression of regulators of cell cycle, proliferation, and clonogenicity by the AKT/mTOR pathway. NLP is causative of augmented migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), illustrating its metastatic propensity and establishing its tumor promotion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Vignesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Comparative Study of Elabela and Apelin on Apelin Receptor Activation Through β-Arrestin Recruitment. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:394-400. [PMID: 35960440 PMCID: PMC9935735 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ) ligands elabela (ELA) and apelin have divergent distributions and function differently in vitro and in vivo. Whether differences exist in their capacity of recruitment of β-arrestins (ARRBs) to APJ remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the different effects of ELA and apelin on the interaction between APJ and ARRBs in live cells by NanoBiT®. NanoBiT® system is a new technology for studying protein-protein interaction in real-time in live cells, based on the emission of luminescence when two split components of NanoLuc luciferase, large Bit (LgBit) and small Bit (SmBit), complement each other to form an enzymatically active entity. We tagged the APJ and ARRBs with LgBit or SmBit and then evaluated their interactions in transiently transfected HEK293T cells, and determined the signal strength yielded as a result of the interaction. We also investigated the concentration-dependent response of the APJ-ARRB interaction in response to ELA and apelin. Finally, we assessed the effect of F13A, an APJ antagonist which is structurally very similar to apelin-13, on ELA- and apelin-mediated APJ-ARRB interactions. The NanoLuc® luciferase signal was highest in the pair of APJ-LgBit with SmBit-ARRB1 or SmBit-ARRB2. NanoLuc® luciferase signal increased in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.1 nM to 10 μM in response to ELA or apelin. Interestingly, ELA elicited weaker APJ-ARRB interaction signals than apelin. Pre-treatment with F13A potently reduced the APJ-ARRB interaction in response to both ELA and apelin. Our results demonstrated that both ELA and apelin promoted the interaction of APJ and ARRBs in a concentration-dependent manner, and ELA is less efficacious than apelin in inducing the recruitment of ARRBs to APJ, providing a biased functional aspect of ELA vs. apelin at the receptor signaling level. Additionally, ELA and apelin may share the same binding site(s) or pocket(s) at the APJ level.
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Ashokan A, Harisankar HS, Kameswaran M, Aradhyam GK. Critical APJ receptor residues in extracellular domains that influence effector selectivity. FEBS J 2021; 288:6543-6562. [PMID: 34076959 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human APJ receptor/apelin receptor (APJR), activated by apelin peptide isoforms, regulates a wide range of physiological processes. The role of extracellular loop (ECL) domain residues of APJR in ligand binding and receptor activation has not been established yet. Based on multiple sequence alignment of APJ receptor from various organisms, we identified conserved residues in the extracellular domains. Alanine substitutions of specific residues were characterized to evaluate their ligand binding efficiency and Gq -, Gi -, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling. Mutation-dependent variation in ligand binding and signaling was observed. W197 A in ECL2 and L276 L277 W279 -AAA in ECL3 were deficient in Gi and β-arrestin signaling pathways with relatively preserved Gq -mediated signaling. T169 T170 -AA, Y182 A, and T190 A mutants in ECL2 showed impaired β-arrestin-dependent cell signaling while maintaining G protein- mediated signaling. Structural comparison with angiotensin II type I receptor revealed the importance of ECL2 and ECL3 residues in APJR ligand binding and signaling. Our results unequivocally confirm the specific role of these ECL residues in ligand binding and in orchestrating receptor conformations that are involved in preferential/biased signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Ashokan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Harikumar Sheela Harisankar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Li Y, Lu H, Xu W, Shang Y, Zhao C, Wang Y, Yang R, Jin S, Wu Y, Wang X, Teng X. Apelin ameliorated acute heart failure via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in rabbits. Amino Acids 2021; 53:417-427. [PMID: 33609179 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) mediated the ameliorative effect of apelin on acute heart failure (AHF). Rabbit model of AHF was induced by sodium pentobarbital. Cardiac dysfunction and injury were detected in the rabbit models of AHF, including impaired hemodynamic parameters and increased levels of CK-MB and cTnI. Apelin treatment dramatically improved cardiac impairment caused by AHF. ERS, indexed by increased GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved-caspase12 protein levels, was simultaneously attenuated by apelin. Apelin also could ameliorate increased protein levels of cleaved-caspase3 and Bax, and improved decreased protein levels of Bcl-2. Two common ERS stimulators, tunicamycin (Tm) and dithiothreitol (DTT) blocked the ameliorative effect of apelin on AHF. Phosphorylated Akt levels increased after apelin treatment in the rabbit models of AHF. The Akt signaling inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 could block the cardioprotective effect of apelin, which could be relieved by ERS inhibitor 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA). The aforementioned beneficial effects of apelin could all be blocked by APJ receptor antagonist F13A. 4-PBA and SC79, an Akt activator, can restore the ameliorative effect of apelin on AHF blocked by F13A. Apelin treatment dramatically ameliorated cardiac impairment caused by AHF, which might be mediated by APJ/Akt/ERS signaling pathway. These results will shed new light on AHF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chines Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Haohan Lu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Wenyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuxuan Shang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Cece Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yipu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road No. 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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