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Abdal Dayem A, Yan E, Do M, Kim Y, Lee Y, Cho SG, Kim DH. Engineering extracellular vesicles for ROS scavenging and tissue regeneration. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:24. [PMID: 38922501 PMCID: PMC11208369 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds promise for tissue regeneration, yet significant challenges persist. Emerging as a safer and potentially more effective alternative, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells exhibit remarkable abilities to activate critical signaling cascades, thereby facilitating tissue repair. EVs, nano-scale membrane vesicles, mediate intercellular communication by encapsulating a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Their therapeutic potential lies in delivering cargos, activating signaling pathways, and efficiently mitigating oxidative stress-an essential aspect of overcoming limitations in stem cell-based tissue repair. This review focuses on engineering and applying EVs in tissue regeneration, emphasizing their role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. Additionally, we explore strategies to enhance EV therapeutic activity, including functionalization and incorporation of antioxidant defense proteins. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for optimizing EV-based regenerative therapies. Insights into EV and ROS signaling modulation pave the way for targeted and efficient regenerative therapies harnessing the potential of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ellie Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yoojung Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseo Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 307 KU Technology Innovation Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin- gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, USA.
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Liao YW, Yu CC, Hsieh CW, Chao SC, Hsieh PL. Aberrantly downregulated FENDRR by arecoline elevates ROS and myofibroblast activation via mitigating the miR-214/MFN2 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130504. [PMID: 38442830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA FENDRR possesses both anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer properties, but its significance in the development of premalignant oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) remains unclear. Here, we showed that FENDRR was downregulated in OSF specimens and fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs), and overexpression of FENDRR mitigated various myofibroblasts hallmarks, and vice versa. In the course of investigating the mechanism underlying the implication of FENDRR in myofibroblast transdifferentiation, we found that FENDRR can directly bind to miR-214 and exhibit its suppressive effect on myofibroblast activation via titrating miR-214. Moreover, we showed that mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a protein that is crucial to the fusion of mitochondria, was a direct target of miR-214. Our data suggested that FENDRR was positively correlated with MFN2 and MFN2 was required for the inhibitory property of FENDRR pertaining to myofibroblast phenotypes. Additionally, our results showed that the FENDRR/miR-214 axis participated in the arecoline-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Building on these results, we concluded that the aberrant downregulation of FENDRR in OSF may be associated with chronic exposure to arecoline, leading to upregulation of ROS and myofibroblast activation via the miR-214-mediated suppression of MFN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Li S, Li H, Kong H, Wu SY, Cheng CK, Xu J. Endogenous and microbial biomarkers for periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1292596. [PMID: 38149100 PMCID: PMC10750125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that there is a two-way relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Diabetes mellitus represents an established risk factor for chronic periodontitis. Conversely, chronic periodontitis adversely modulates serum glucose levels in diabetic patients. Activated immune and inflammatory responses are noted during diabetes and periodontitis, under the modulation of similar biological mediators. These activated responses result in increased activity of certain immune-inflammatory mediators including adipokines and microRNAs in diabetic patients with periodontal disease. Notably, certain microbes in the oral cavity were identified to be involved in the occurrence of diabetes and periodontitis. In other words, these immune-inflammatory mediators and microbes may potentially serve as biomarkers for risk assessment and therapy selection in diabetes and periodontitis. In this review, we briefly provide an updated overview on different potential biomarkers, providing novel diagnostic and therapeutic insights on periodontal complications and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjun Li
- Longgang Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Hospital, Institute of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Longgang Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Hospital, Institute of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT), Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Longgang Institute of Stomatology, Longgang Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiying Kong
- Longgang Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Hospital, Institute of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shang Ying Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Longgang Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Hospital, Institute of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT), Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Longgang Institute of Stomatology, Longgang Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Potel KN, Cornelius VA, Yacoub A, Chokr A, Donaghy CL, Kelaini S, Eleftheriadou M, Margariti A. Effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1165302. [PMID: 37719978 PMCID: PMC10502732 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1165302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the main cause of diabetes mellitus-associated morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction underly injury to the vascular endothelium and myocardium, resulting in diabetic angiopathy and cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in cardiomyopathic disruptions of key cellular functions, including energy metabolism and oxidative balance. Both non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy, however, their impact on mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of this disease is largely unknown. Elucidating the effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial pathways in diabetic cardiomyopathy would allow further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications and could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Stem cell-based models can facilitate the study of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and their unique characteristics make them a promising tool to improve our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray N. Potel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A. Cornelius
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Yacoub
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Chokr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Clare L. Donaghy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Kelaini
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Lu Y, Mai Z, Cui L, Zhao X. Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36978165 PMCID: PMC10053084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has become an effective therapeutic approach for bone regeneration. However, there are still limitations in successful clinical translation. Recently, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, especially exosome, plays a critical role in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Exosomes are nanosized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures carrying proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines and have attracted great attention for their potential application in bone regenerative medicine. In addition, preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering can enhance the regenerative potential of exosomes for treating bone defects. Moreover, with recent advancements in various biomaterials to enhance the therapeutic functions of exosomes, biomaterial-assisted exosomes have become a promising strategy for bone regeneration. This review discusses different insights regarding the roles of exosomes in bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as safe and versatile bone regeneration agent delivery platforms. The current hurdles of transitioning exosomes from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
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Fellah S, Larrue R, Truchi M, Vassaux G, Mari B, Cauffiez C, Pottier N. Pervasive role of the long noncoding RNA DNM3OS in development and diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1736. [PMID: 35491542 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of unique noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are expressed in human cells, some are tissue or cell type specific whereas others are considered as house-keeping molecules. Studies over the last decade have modified our perception of ncRNAs from transcriptional noise to functional regulatory transcripts that influence a variety of molecular processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, or signal transduction. Consequently, aberrant expression of many ncRNAs plays a causative role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Since the identification of its developmental role, the long ncRNA DNM3OS (Dynamin 3 Opposite Strand) has attracted attention of researchers in distinct fields including oncology, fibroproliferative diseases, or bone disorders. Mechanistic studies have in particular revealed the multifaceted nature of DNM3OS and its important pathogenic role in several human disorders. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNM3OS functions in diseases, with an emphasis on its potential as a novel therapeutic target. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Fellah
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
| | - Romain Larrue
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
| | - Marin Truchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Georges Vassaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277, Lille, France
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Knockdown of miR-214 Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Targeting the Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7553928. [PMID: 36285295 PMCID: PMC9588363 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7553928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA-214 (miR-214) precursor is formed by the DNM3 gene on human chromosome 1q24.3, which is encoded and transcribed in the nucleus and processed into mature miR-214 in the cytoplasm. Association of miR-214 with the interstitial fibrosis of the kidney has been reported in existing research. Renal interstitial fibrosis is considered necessary during the process of various renal injuries in chronic kidney disease (CKD). One of the important mechanisms is the TGF- (transforming growth factor-) β1-stimulated epithelial interstitial transformation (EMT). The specific mechanisms of miR-214-3p in renal interstitial fibrosis and whether it participates in EMT are worthy of further investigation. In this paper, we first demonstrated modulation of the downstream PI3K/AKT axis by miR-214-3p through targeting phosphatase and tension protein homologues (PTEN), indicating the miRNA's participation in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) nephropathy and TGF-β1-induced EMT. We overexpressed or silenced miR-214-3p and PTEN for probing into the correlation of miR-214-3p with PTEN and the downstream PI3K/AKT signalling pathways. According to the results of the study, miR-214-3p overexpression silenced PTEN, activated the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, and exacerbated EMT induced by TGF-β1, while miR-214-3p knockdown had the opposite effect. In miR-214-3p knockdown mice, the expression of PTEN was increased, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway was inhibited, and fibrosis was alleviated. In conclusion, miR-214-3p regulates the EMT of renal tubular cells induced by TGF-β1 by targeting PTEN and regulating the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Furthermore, miR-214-3p knockdown can reduce renal interstitial fibrosis through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Wang D, Cao H, Hua W, Gao L, Yuan Y, Zhou X, Zeng Z. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Bone Defect Repair. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070716. [PMID: 35877919 PMCID: PMC9315966 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The repair of critical bone defects is a hotspot of orthopedic research. With the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE), there is increasing evidence showing that the combined application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (MSC-EVs), especially exosomes, with hydrogels, scaffolds, and other bioactive materials has made great progress, exhibiting a good potential for bone regeneration. Recent studies have found that miRNAs, proteins, and other cargo loaded in EVs are key factors in promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In BTE, the expression profile of the intrinsic cargo of EVs can be changed by modifying the gene expression of MSCs to obtain EVs with enhanced osteogenic activity and ultimately enhance the osteoinductive ability of bone graft materials. However, the current research on MSC-EVs for repairing bone defects is still in its infancy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, in this review, the effect of bioactive materials such as hydrogels and scaffolds combined with MSC-EVs in repairing bone defects is summarized, and the mechanism of MSC-EVs promoting bone defect repair by delivering active molecules such as internal miRNAs is further elucidated, which provides a theoretical basis and reference for the clinical application of MSC-EVs in repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.W.); (W.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Hong Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Weizhong Hua
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.W.); (W.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.W.); (W.H.); (L.G.)
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.W.); (W.H.); (L.G.)
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (D.W.); (W.H.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Ding Y, Cui Y, Hou Y, Nie H. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium facilitates fluid resolution via miR-214-activating epithelial sodium channels. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 1:376-385. [PMID: 34766129 PMCID: PMC8491198 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is featured with severe lung edema at the early exudative phase, resulting from the imbalance of alveolar fluid turnover and clearance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) belong to multipotent stem cells, which have shown potential therapeutic effects during ALI. Of note, MSC‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) improved alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in vivo, whereas the involvement of miRNAs is seldom known. We thus aim to explore the roles of miR‐214 in facilitating MSC‐CM mediated fluid resolution of impaired AFC. In this study, AFC was increased significantly by intratracheally administrated MSC‐CM in lipopolysaccharide‐treated mice. MSC‐CM augmented amiloride‐sensitive currents in intact H441 monolayers, and increased α‐epithelial sodium channel (α‐ENaC) expression level in H441 and mouse alveolar type 2 epithelial cells. Meanwhile, MSC‐CM increased the expression of miR‐214, which may participate in regulating ENaC expression and function. Our results suggested that MSC‐CM enhanced AFC in ALI mice in vivo through a novel mechanism, involving miR‐214 regulation of ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine College of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine College of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine College of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Shenyang China
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Kang C, Wang Y, Li L, Li Z, Zhou Q, Pan X. Assessment of tantalum nanoparticle-induced MC3T3-E1 proliferation and underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:133. [PMID: 34689241 PMCID: PMC8542006 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In our previous study, tantalum nanoparticle (Ta-NPs) was demonstrated to promote osteoblast proliferation via autophagy induction, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we will explore the potential mechanism. METHODS Ta-NPs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and BET specific surface area test. MC3T3-E1 were treated with 0 or 20 μg/mL Ta-NPs with or without pretreatment with 10 μM LY294002, Triciribine, Rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors) for 1 h respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of pathway proteins and LC3B. CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle. RESULTS After pretreatment with LY294002, Triciribine and Rapamycin, the p-Akt/Akt ratio of pathway protein in Triciribine and Rapamycin groups decreased (P < 0.05), while the autophagy protein LC3-II/LC3-I in the Rapamycin group was upregulated obviously (P < 0.001). In all pretreated groups, apoptosis was increased (LY294002 group was the most obvious), G1 phase cell cycle was arrested (Triciribine and Rapamycin groups were more obvious), and MC3T3-E1 cells were proliferated much more (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pretreatment with Triciribine or Rapamycin has a greater effect on pathway protein Akt, cell cycle arrest, autophagy protein, and cell proliferation but with inconsistent magnitude, which may be inferred that the Akt/mTOR pathway, as well as its feedback loop, were more likely involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrong Kang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhangwei Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qianbing Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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11
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Wang SJ, Li WW, Wen CJ, Diao YL, Zhao TL. MicroRNA‑214 promotes the EMT process in melanoma by downregulating CADM1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3795-3803. [PMID: 33000202 PMCID: PMC7533494 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer type associated with a high mortality rate, but its treatment is currently not ideal. Both microRNA (miR)-214 and cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) are differentially expressed in melanoma, but their role in this cancer type remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CADM1 and miR-214 in melanoma to identify novel targets for its treatment. The expression levels of CADM1 and miR-214 in cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Moreover, cell viability, migration and invasion were measured by MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. In addition, the relative expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in cells were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. It was found that the expression of CADM1 was inhibited in melanoma cells, while miR-214 expression was increased during melanoma tumorigenesis. Furthermore, miR-214 mimics promoted the viability, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. It was also demonstrated that the downregulation of CADM1 reversed the inhibitory effect of the miR-214 inhibitor in melanoma. Moreover, overexpression of CADM1 inhibited the EMT process in melanoma, while the miR-214 inhibitor suppressed the EMT process. The results also indicated that miR-214 promoted the EMT process by downregulating CADM1, which may represent a novel mechanism for the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Ji Wen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Li Diao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lan Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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Maity S, Das F, Kasinath BS, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Ghosh Choudhury G. TGFβ acts through PDGFRβ to activate mTORC1 via the Akt/PRAS40 axis and causes glomerular mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein expression. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14262-14278. [PMID: 32732288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-induced canonical signaling with the noncanonical kinase cascades regulates glomerular hypertrophy and matrix protein deposition, which are early features of glomerulosclerosis. However, the specific target downstream of the TGFβ receptor involved in the noncanonical signaling is unknown. Here, we show that TGFβ increased the catalytic loop phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed abundantly in glomerular mesangial cells. TGFβ increased phosphorylation of the PI 3-kinase-interacting Tyr-751 residue of PDGFRβ, thus activating Akt. Inhibition of PDGFRβ using a pharmacological inhibitor and siRNAs blocked TGFβ-stimulated phosphorylation of proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40), an intrinsic inhibitory component of mTORC1, and prevented activation of mTORC1 in the absence of any effect on Smad 2/3 phosphorylation. Expression of constitutively active myristoylated Akt reversed the siPDGFRβ-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 activity; however, co-expression of the phospho-deficient mutant of PRAS40 inhibited the effect of myristoylated Akt, suggesting a definitive role of PRAS40 phosphorylation in mTORC1 activation downstream of PDGFRβ in mesangial cells. Additionally, we demonstrate that PDGFRβ-initiated phosphorylation of PRAS40 is required for TGFβ-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy and fibronectin and collagen I (α2) production. Increased activating phosphorylation of PDGFRβ is also associated with enhanced TGFβ expression and mTORC1 activation in the kidney cortex and glomeruli of diabetic mice and rats, respectively. Thus, pursuing TGFβ noncanonical signaling, we identified how TGFβ receptor I achieves mTORC1 activation through PDGFRβ-mediated Akt/PRAS40 phosphorylation to spur mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein accumulation. These findings provide support for targeting PDGFRβ in TGFβ-driven renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA .,Department of Veterans Affairs Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Khokhar M, Roy D, Modi A, Agarwal R, Yadav D, Purohit P, Sharma P. Perspectives on the role of PTEN in diabetic nephropathy: an update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:470-483. [PMID: 32306805 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1746735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor gene that antagonizes the proto-oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and governs basic cellular metabolic processes. Recently, its role in cell growth, metabolism, architecture, and motility as an intramolecular and regulatory mediator has gained widespread research interest as it applies to non-tumorous diseases, such as insulin resistance (IR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN is characterized by renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and PTEN plays a significant role in the regulation of both. Epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) are novel players in post-transcriptional regulation and research evidence demonstrates that they reduce the expression of PTEN by acting as key regulators of autophagy and TIF through activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. These regulatory processes might play an important role in solving the complexities of DN pathogenesis and IR, as well as the therapeutic management of DN with the help of PTEN K27-linked polyubiquitination. Currently, there are no comprehensive reviews citing the role PTEN plays in the development of DN and its regulation via miRNA and epigenetic modifications. The present review explores these facets of PTEN in the pathogenesis of IR and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dipayan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Anupama Modi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Riddhi Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Liang B, Liang JM, Ding JN, Xu J, Xu JG, Chai YM. Dimethyloxaloylglycine-stimulated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhance bone regeneration through angiogenesis by targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:335. [PMID: 31747933 PMCID: PMC6869275 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been recognized as new candidate agents for treating critical-sized bone defects; they promote angiogenesis and may be an alternative to cell therapy. In this study, we evaluated whether exosomes derived from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) preconditioned with a low dose of dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), DMOG-MSC-Exos, exert superior proangiogenic activity in bone regeneration and the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods To investigate the effects of these exosomes, scratch wound healing, cell proliferation, and tube formation assays were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To test the effects in vivo, a critical-sized calvarial defect rat model was established. Eight weeks after the procedure, histological/histomorphometrical analysis was performed to measure bone regeneration, and micro-computerized tomography was used to measure bone regeneration and neovascularization. Results DMOG-MSC-Exos activated the AKT/mTOR pathway to stimulate angiogenesis in HUVECs. This contributed to bone regeneration and angiogenesis in the critical-sized calvarial defect rat model in vivo. Conclusions Low doses of DMOG trigger exosomes to exert enhanced proangiogenic activity in cell-free therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ming Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ning Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Min Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Yishan Rd 600, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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