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Ren Y, Sun X, Chen X, Shao S, Tang J, Xu Z, Xu Y, Kang H, Wang L. The transcription factor ZNF248 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by binding to ZEB1. J Cancer 2024; 15:5440-5450. [PMID: 39247604 PMCID: PMC11375549 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally, with metastasis emerging as the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. Transcription factors play pivotal roles in the metastatic process. Using bioinformatics tools, we analyzed the TCGA-COAD and GES146587 datasets and identified ZNF248 participating in tumor progression. By analyzing 100 CRC patient tissues, it is found that ZNF248 is highly expressed in cancer tissue as well as in CRC cell lines identified by qRT-PCR. Our study discovered that ZNF248 enhances CRC cell migratory and invasive capabilities. A positive correlation was found between ZNF248 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers (ZEB1, snail1), while E-cadherin exhibited a negative correlation with ZNF248. In addition, the analysis of the TCGA dataset demonstrated a strong correlation between the mRNA level of ZNF248 and ZEB1 expressions. Furthermore, it is found that the overexpression of ZEB1 could reverse CRC cell invasion and migration, along with the inhibition on EMT marker expressions induced by the RNA interference with ZNF248. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a substantial association of ZNF248 expression with the lymph node metastasis, and with the liver metastasis (P =0.01, P =0.01), and a positive correlation between ZNF248 and ZEB1 expression (P =0.021) was also identified. Using Chip-PCR assay, it is found that ZNF248 bound to the ZEB1 promoter region. These findings showed that ZNF248 promotes CRC metastasis in vivo, revealed its role as an oncogene in CRC by targeting ZEB1 and activating the EMT pathway, which provided novel and promising biomarkers for CRC therapy through targeting ZEB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Ren
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Sun
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - JingTong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Xu
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haonan Kang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liming Wang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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2
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Xu Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated silencing of CD44: unveiling the role of hyaluronic acid-mediated interactions in cancer drug resistance. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2849-2876. [PMID: 37991544 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of CD44 (CD44 Molecule (Indian Blood Group)), a cell surface glycoprotein, and its interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA) in drug resistance mechanisms across various types of cancer is provided, where CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was utilized to silence CD44 expression and examine its impact on cancer cell behavior, migration, invasion, proliferation, and drug sensitivity. The significance of the HA-CD44 axis in tumor microenvironment (TME) delivery and its implications in specific cancer types, the influence of CD44 variants and the KHDRBS3 (KH RNA Binding Domain Containing, Signal Transduction Associated 3) gene on cancer progression and drug resistance, and the potential of targeting HA-mediated pathways using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to overcome drug resistance in cancer were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Xu
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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3
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Erdemir Sayan S, Sreekumar R, Bhome R, Mirnezami A, Yagci T, Sayan AE. ERCC1 abundance is an indicator of DNA repair-apoptosis decision upon DNA damage. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38272916 PMCID: PMC10810800 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is essential for successful propagation of genetic material and fidelity of transcription. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the earliest DNA repair mechanisms, functionally conserved from bacteria to human. The fact that number of NER genes vary significantly between prokaryotes and metazoans gives the insight that NER proteins have evolved to acquire additional functions to combat challenges associated with a diploid genome, including being involved in the decision between DNA repair and apoptosis. However, no direct association between apoptosis and NER proteins has been shown to date. In this study, we induced apoptosis with a variety of agents, including oxaliplatin, doxorubicin and TRAIL, and observed changes in the abundance and molecular weight of NER complex proteins. Our results showed that XPA, XPC and ERCC1 protein levels change during DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Among these, ERCC1 decrease was observed as a pre-mitochondria depolarisation event which marks the "point of no return" in apoptosis signalling. ERCC1 decrease was due to proteasomal degradation upon lethal doses of oxaliplatin exposure. When ERCC1 protein was stabilised using proteasome inhibitors, the pro-apoptotic activity of oxaliplatin was attenuated. These results explain why clinical trials using proteasome inhibitors and platinum derivatives showed limited efficacy in carcinoma treatment and also the importance of how deep understanding of DNA repair mechanisms can improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Erdemir Sayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Rahul Sreekumar
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rahul Bhome
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alex Mirnezami
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tamer Yagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - A Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T. Mutual regulation of TGFβ-induced oncogenic EMT, cell cycle progression and the DDR. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:86-103. [PMID: 38029866 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ signaling and the DNA damage response (DDR) are two cellular toolboxes with a strong impact on cancer biology. While TGFβ as a pleiotropic cytokine affects essentially all hallmarks of cancer, the multifunctional DDR mostly orchestrates cell cycle progression, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and cell death. One oncogenic effect of TGFβ is the partial activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), conferring invasiveness, cellular plasticity and resistance to various noxae. Several reports show that both individual networks as well as their interface affect chemo-/radiotherapies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly resolved. EMT often correlates with TGFβ-induced slowing of proliferation, yet numerous studies demonstrate that particularly the co-activated EMT transcription factors counteract anti-proliferative signaling in a partially non-redundant manner. Collectively, evidence piled up over decades underscore a multifaceted, reciprocal inter-connection of TGFβ signaling / EMT with the DDR / cell cycle progression, which we will discuss here. Altogether, we conclude that full cell cycle arrest is barely compatible with the propagation of oncogenic EMT traits and further propose that 'EMT-linked DDR plasticity' is a crucial, yet intricate facet of malignancy, decisively affecting metastasis formation and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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Cheraghi-Shavi T, Jalal R, Minuchehr Z. TGM2, HMGA2, FXYD3, and LGALS4 genes as biomarkers in acquired oxaliplatin resistance of human colorectal cancer: A systems biology approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289535. [PMID: 37535601 PMCID: PMC10399784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to oxaliplatin is considered as the primary reason for failure in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Identifying the underlying resistance mechanisms may improve CRC treatment. The present study aims to identify the key genes involved in acquired oxaliplatin-resistant in CRC by confirming the oxaliplatin resistance index (OX-RI). To this aim, two public microarray datasets regarding oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells with different OX-RI, GSE42387, and GSE76092 were downloaded from GEO database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results indicated that the OX-RI affects the gene expression pattern significantly. Then, 54 common DEGs in both datasets including 18 up- and 36 down-regulated genes were identified. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed 13 up- (MAGEA6, TGM2, MAGEA4, SCHIP1, ECI2, CD33, AKAP12, MAGEA12, CALD1, WFDC2, VSNL1, HMGA2, and MAGEA2B) and 12 down-regulated (PDZK1IP1, FXYD3, ALDH2, CEACAM6, QPRT, GRB10, TM4SF4, LGALS4, ALDH3A1, USH1C, KCNE3, and CA12) hub genes. In the next step, two novel up-regulated hub genes including ECI2 and SCHIP1 were identified to be related to oxaliplatin resistance. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis indicated that metabolic pathways, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition may play dominant roles in CRC progression and oxaliplatin resistance. In the next procedure, two in vitro oxaliplatin-resistant sub-lines including HCT116/OX-R4.3 and HCT116/OX-R10 cells with OX-IR 3.93 and 10.06 were established, respectively. The results indicated the up-regulation of TGM2 and HMGA2 in HCT116/OX-R10 cells with high OX-RI and down-regulation of FXYD3, LGALS4, and ECI2 in both cell types. Based on the results, TGM2, HMGA2, FXYD3, and LGALS4 genes are related to oxaliplatin-resistant CRC and may serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Cheraghi-Shavi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Jalal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Systems Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Fu YC, Liang SB, Huang WJ, Chen LS, Chen DM, Liu LZ, Luo M, Zhong XF, Xu XY. Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Necrosis at Different N Stages in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:2085-2092. [PMID: 37497418 PMCID: PMC10367925 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lymph node necrosis (LNN), including retropharyngeal nodal necrosis and cervical nodal necrosis, which is related to radiotherapy/ chemotherapy resistance, is a common phenomenon in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was to assess the prognostic value of LNN at different N stages in NPC patients. Materials and Methods: In total, 1,665 newly diagnosed NPC patients at stage TxN1-3M0 from two centers were enrolled. Univariate and multivariate models were constructed to assess the association between LNN and long-term survival outcomes. The propensity score matching method was performed to balance treatment groups for baseline characteristics. Results: Of the 1,665, 540 patients (540/1665, 32.4%) were diagnosed with LNN, of which 54.1% (292/540) patients were at stage N1, 31.3% (169/540) at stage N2, and 14.6% (79/540) at stage N3. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated LNN as an independent predictor for progression‑free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) in stage N1-3 patients (all P<0.001). When patients were analyzed according to stage, similar findings were observed for N1 patients (all P<0.001); for N2 patients, LNN independently predicted PFS (P=0.003), OS (P=0.011), and DMFS (P=0.004), and for stage N3, LNN only independently predicted LRRFS (P=0.019). 123 pairs of patients who received induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy or only concurrent chemoradiotherapy were matched, adding induction chemotherapy improved 5-year OS, PFS and LRFFS, but the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In NPC patients, LNN could independently predict poor prognosis at all N1-3 stages and at each N stage (N1 to N3). The value of adding induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with LNN still requires further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Chun Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shao-Bo Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lu-Si Chen
- Radiotherapy Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Cancer Center, The First People's Hospital of Foshan Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Dan-Ming Chen
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Li-Zhi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhong
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Unraveling the function of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer: Metastasis, therapy response, and revisiting molecular pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114395. [PMID: 36804124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a dangerous form of cancer that affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is a major global health concern, and the aggressive behavior of tumor cells makes it difficult to treat, leading to poor survival rates for patients. One major challenge in treating CRC is the metastasis, or spread, of the cancer, which is a major cause of death. In order to improve the prognosis for patients with CRC, it is necessary to focus on ways to inhibit the cancer's ability to invade and spread. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that is linked to the spread of cancer cells, also known as metastasis. The process transforms epithelial cells into mesenchymal ones, increasing their mobility and ability to invade other tissues. This has been shown to be a key mechanism in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), a particularly aggressive form of gastrointestinal cancer. The activation of EMT leads to increases in the spread of CRC cells, and during this process, levels of the protein E-cadherin decrease while levels of N-cadherin and vimentin increase. EMT also contributes to the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in CRC. Non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a role in regulating EMT in CRC, often through their ability to "sponge" microRNAs. Anti-cancer agents have been shown to suppress EMT and reduce the progression and spread of CRC cells. These findings suggest that targeting EMT or related mechanisms may be a promising approach for treating CRC patients in the clinic.
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8
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Chen S, Lin J, Zhao J, Lin Q, Liu J, Wang Q, Mui R, Ma L. FBXW7 attenuates tumor drug resistance and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1147239. [PMID: 36998461 PMCID: PMC10043335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1147239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7) is a critical subunit of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF), acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase by ubiquitinating targeted protein. Through degradation of its substrates, FBXW7 plays a pivotal role in drug resistance in tumor cells and shows the potential to rescue the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment. This explains why patients with higher FBXW7 levels exhibit higher survival times and more favorable prognosis. Furthermore, FBXW7 has been demonstrated to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by targeting the degradation of specific proteins, as compared to the inactivated form of FBXW7. Additionally, other F-box proteins have also shown the ability to conquer drug resistance in certain cancers. Overall, this review aims to explore the function of FBXW7 and its specific effects on drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jichun Lin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ryan Mui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Leina Ma,
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9
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Lin X, Yang X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Huang X. Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1132141. [PMID: 36994201 PMCID: PMC10040588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1132141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidences and mortalities from colorectal cancer (CRC) have been increasing; therefore, there is an urgent need to discover newer drugs that enhance drug sensitivity and reverse drug tolerance in CRC treatment. With this view, the current study focuses on understanding the mechanism of CRC chemoresistance to the drug as well as exploring the potential of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in restoring the sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, the mechanism involved in restoring sensitivity, such as by acting on the target of traditional chemical drugs, assisting drug activation, increasing intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs, improving tumor microenvironment, relieving immunosuppression, and erasing reversible modification like methylation, have been thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the effect of TCM along with anticancer drugs in reducing toxicity, increasing efficiency, mediating new ways of cell death, and effectively blocking the drug resistance mechanism has been studied. We aimed to explore the potential of TCM as a sensitizer of anti-CRC drugs for the development of a new natural, less-toxic, and highly effective sensitizer to CRC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangbin Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Huang,
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10
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Toledo B, González-Titos A, Hernández-Camarero P, Perán M. A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054487. [PMID: 36901917 PMCID: PMC10003376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of resistance to traditional chemotherapy and the chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease both play a key role in the treatment failure and poor prognosis of cancer. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical to improve patient survival rate. Here, we briefly describe the technical approach directed at obtaining chemoresistant cell lines and we will focus on the main defense mechanisms against common chemotherapy triggers by tumor cells. Such as, the alteration of drug influx/efflux, the enhancement of drug metabolic neutralization, the improvement of DNA-repair mechanisms, the inhibition of apoptosis-related cell death, and the role of p53 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in chemoresistance. Furthermore, we will focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs), the cell population that subsists after chemotherapy, increasing drug resistance by different processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an enhanced DNA repair machinery, and the capacity to avoid apoptosis mediated by BCL2 family proteins, such as BCL-XL, and the flexibility of their metabolism. Finally, we will review the latest approaches aimed at decreasing CSCs. Nevertheless, the development of long-term therapies to manage and control CSCs populations within the tumors is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Aitor González-Titos
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Camarero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.H.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.H.-C.); (M.P.)
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11
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Luo ZD, Wang YF, Zhao YX, Yu LC, Li T, Fan YJ, Zeng SJ, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer oxaliplatin resistance and liquid biopsy potential. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1-18. [PMID: 36683709 PMCID: PMC9850945 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, with the annual incidence and mortality increasing consistently. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is a preferred therapeutic regimen for patients with advanced CRC. However, most patients will inevitably develop resistance to oxaliplatin. Many studies have reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are extensively involved in cancer progression. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that ncRNAs mediate chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and by epigenetic modification. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate the initiation and development of CRC chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. Furthermore, we investigate the clinical application of ncRNAs as promising biomarkers for liquid CRC biopsy. This review provides new insights into overcoming oxaliplatin resistance in CRC by targeting ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Long-Chen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Jing Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shun-Jie Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Park H, Miyano S. Computational Tactics for Precision Cancer Network Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214398. [PMID: 36430875 PMCID: PMC9695754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Network biology has garnered tremendous attention in understanding complex systems of cancer, because the mechanisms underlying cancer involve the perturbations in the specific function of molecular networks, rather than a disorder of a single gene. In this article, we review the various computational tactics for gene regulatory network analysis, focused especially on personalized anti-cancer therapy. This paper covers three major topics: (1) cell line's (or patient's) cancer characteristics specific gene regulatory network estimation, which enables us to reveal molecular interplays under varying conditions of cancer characteristics of cell lines (or patient); (2) computational approaches to interpret the multitudinous and massive networks; (3) network-based application to uncover molecular mechanisms of cancer and related marker identification. We expect that this review will help readers understand personalized computational network biology that plays a significant role in precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Park
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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13
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Long-term resistance to 5-fluorouracil promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis evasion, autophagy, and reduced proliferation rate in colon cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175253. [PMID: 36067803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The drug, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is a standard first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, drug resistance acquisition remains an important challenge for effective clinical outcomes. Here, we established a long-term drug-resistant CRC model and explored the cellular events underlying 5FU resistance. We showed that 5FU-treated cells (HCT-116 5FUR) using a prolonged treatment protocol were significantly more resistant than parental cells. Likewise, cell viability and IC50 values were also observed to increase in HCT-116 5FUR cells when treated with increasing doses of oxaliplatin, indicating a cross-resistance mechanism to other cytotoxic agents. Moreover, HCT-116 5FUR cells exhibited metabolic and molecular changes, as evidenced by increased thymidylate synthase levels and upregulated mRNA levels of ABCB1. HCT-116 5FUR cells were able to overcome S phase arrest and evade apoptosis, as well as activate autophagy, as indicated by increased LC3B levels. Cells treated with low and high doses displayed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, as observed by decreased E-cadherin and claudin-3 levels, increased vimentin protein levels, and increased SLUG, ZEB2 and TWIST1 mRNA levels. Furthermore, HCT-116 5FUR cells displayed enhanced migration and invasion capabilities. Interestingly, we found that the 5FU drug-resistance gene signature is positively associated with the mesenchymal signature in CRC samples, and that ABCB1 and ZEB2 co-expressed at high levels could predict poor outcomes in CRC patients. Overall, the 5FU long-term drug-resistance model established here induced various cellular events, and highlighted the importance of further efforts to identify promising targets involved in more than one cellular event to successfully overcome drug-resistance.
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Guo XW, Li SQ, Lei RE, Ding Z, Hu BL, Lin R. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells based TMEscore and related gene signature is associated with the survival of CRC patients and response to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:953321. [PMID: 36110947 PMCID: PMC9468757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.953321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are associated with chemotherapy response. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of a TIIC-related tumor microenvironment score (TMEscore) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent chemotherapy and construct a TMEscore-related gene signature to determine its predictive value.MethodsGene profiles of patients who underwent fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy were collected, and their TIIC fractions were calculated and clustered. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between clusters were used to calculate the TMEscore. The association between the TMEscore, chemotherapy response, and survival rate was analyzed. Machine learning methods were used to identify key TMEscore-related genes, and a gene signature was constructed to verify the predictive value.ResultsTwo clusters based on the TIIC fraction were identified, and the TMEscore was calculated based on the DEGs of the two clusters. The TMEscore was higher in patients who responded to chemotherapy than in those who did not, and was associated with the survival rate of patients who underwent chemotherapy. Three machine learning methods, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), identified three TMEscore-related genes (ADH1C, SLC26A2, and NANS) associated with the response to chemotherapy. A TMEscore-related gene signature was constructed, and three external cohorts validated that the gene signature could predict the response to chemotherapy. Five datasets and clinical samples showed that the expression of the three TMEscore-related genes was increased in tumor tissues compared to those in control tissues.ConclusionsThe TIIC-based TMEscore was associated with the survival of CRC patients who underwent fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, and predicted the response to chemotherapy. The TMEscore-related gene signature had a better predictive value for response to chemotherapy than for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Rong-E Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bang-li Hu
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Bang-li Hu, ; Rong Lin,
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bang-li Hu, ; Rong Lin,
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15
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Moyret-Lalle C, Prodhomme MK, Burlet D, Kashiwagi A, Petrilli V, Puisieux A, Seimiya H, Tissier A. Role of EMT in the DNA damage response, double-strand break repair pathway choice and its implications in cancer treatment. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2214-2223. [PMID: 35534984 PMCID: PMC9277259 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics have now been demonstrated to participate in tumor development. Indeed, EMT is involved in invasion, acquisition of stem cell properties, and therapy‐associated resistance of cancer cells. Together, these mechanisms offer advantages in adapting to changes in the tumor microenvironment. However, recent findings have shown that EMT‐associated transcription factors (EMT‐TFs) may also be involved in DNA repair. A better understanding of the coordination between the DNA repair pathways and the role played by some EMT‐TFs in the DNA damage response (DDR) should pave the way for new treatments targeting tumor‐specific molecular vulnerabilities, which result in selective destruction of cancer cells. Here we review recent advances, providing novel insights into the role of EMT in the DDR and repair pathways, with a particular focus on the influence of EMT on cellular sensitivity to damage, as well as the implications of these relationships for improving the efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie K Prodhomme
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Delphine Burlet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ayaka Kashiwagi
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Virginie Petrilli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Institut Curie, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agnès Tissier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, Lyon, France
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16
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Hu H, Liu S, Chu A, Chen J, Xing C, Jing J. Comprehensive analysis of ceRNA network of ERCC4 in colorectal cancer. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12647. [PMID: 34993023 PMCID: PMC8679902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective ERCC4 is one of the most significant molecules of Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), which has been researched due to its high expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to find out the ceRNA (competitive endogenous RNA) network of ERCC4 in CRC. Methods and Materials Pan cancer mRNA expression of ERCC4 was evaluated using TCGA database. The protein expression of ERCC4 was evaluated based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We screened DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs in two groups of ERCC4high and ERCC4low expression in CRC. Then a lncRNA-miRNA-ERCC4 regulatory network was constructed based on DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs using Starbase database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the ceRNA network. Further, RT-PCR was performed to validate the expression of the representative molecules in the ceRNA network in CRC and normal tissues. The relationship between drug sensitivity and these molecules were also evaluated using RNAactDrug database. Results ERCC4 was overexpressed in a variety of tumors at mRNA levels, including CRC. High expression of ERCC4 was also observed on protein level in CRC. A total of 1,885 DElncRNAs and 68 DEmiRNAs were identified from CRC samples in ERCC4high and ERCC4low expression groups. Predicted by the Starbase database, we got interacting miRNAs and lncRNAs of ERCC4 from the DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs, and a lncRNA-miRNA-ERCC4 regulatory network was constructed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves results showed that miR-200c-3p (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, P = 0.032), MALAT1 (HR = 1.54, P = 0.016), and AC005520.2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with the prognosis of CRC. After validation by RT-PCR, we found that ERCC4 and MALAT1 were up-regulated in CRC compared with normal tissues, while miR-200c-3p was down-regulated. A strong negative correlation was observed between MALAT1 and miR-200c-3p. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that ERCC4, miR-200c and MALAT1 were all associated with Cisplatin. Conclusion We constructed a ceRNA network of ERCC4 in CRC, of which the MALAT1-miR-200c-3p-ERCC4 axis may be involved in the development, prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of CRC. These findings might provide novel clues and insights on the molecular mechanisms of ERCC4 and NER pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Hu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Songyi Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aining Chu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhao Z, Lu L, Li W. TAGLN2 promotes the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by activating STAT3 signaling through ANXA2. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:737. [PMID: 34466149 PMCID: PMC8387864 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide and currently ranks third in the USA in terms of prevalence. Transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) was previously reported to serve as a tumor promoter in various types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TAGLN2 in the progression of CRC and to determine the potential underlying mechanism. The expression level of TAGLN2 in CRC cells (HCT116, SNU-C1, LoVo and SW480) were first detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and western blotting. Following TAGLN2 knockdown through transfection with short hairpin (sh)RNAs against TAGLN2, CRC cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5′-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9 and proteins associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including N-cadherin (N-cad), vimentin, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and E-cadherin (E-cad), were also evaluated by western blotting. Furthermore, following TAGLN2 overexpression and the use of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors to treat CRC cells, all the aforementioned biological parameters were evaluated. The potential relationship between annexin 2 (ANXA2) and STAT3 was confirmed by western blotting analysis. The expression level of TAGLN2 was found to be particularly high in CRC cells. Following TAGLN2 knockdown, CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT were significantly inhibited. TAGLN2 knockdown also suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in CRC cells. In addition, the promoting effects of TAGLN2 overexpression on the progression of CRC were reversed by STAT3 inhibitor. Furthermore, ANXA2 was positively associated with STAT3. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that TAGLN2 could promote the proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT of CRC cells by activating STAT3 and regulating ANXA2 expression. This may reveal the underlying mechanism by which TAGLN2 might regulate the progression of CRC and provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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18
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mirzaei S, Hashemi F, Zarrabi A, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Sharifzadeh SO, Soleymani L, Daneshi S, Hushmandi K, Khan H, Kumar AP, Aref AR, Samarghandian S. New insight towards development of paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in cancer cells: EMT as a novel molecular mechanism and therapeutic possibilities. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111824. [PMID: 34175815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism is responsible for metastasis and migration of cancer cells to neighboring cells and tissues. Morphologically, epithelial cells are transformed to mesenchymal cells, and at molecular level, E-cadherin undergoes down-regulation, while an increase occurs in N-cadherin and vimentin levels. Increasing evidence demonstrates role of EMT in mediating drug resistance of cancer cells. On the other hand, paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) are two chemotherapeutic agents belonging to taxene family, capable of inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cells via preventing microtubule depolymerization. Aggressive behavior of cancer cells resulted from EMT-mediated metastasis can lead to PTX and DTX resistance. Upstream mediators of EMT such as ZEB1/2, TGF-β, microRNAs, and so on are involved in regulating response of cancer cells to PTX and DTX. Tumor-suppressing factors inhibit EMT to promote PTX and DTX sensitivity of cancer cells. Furthermore, three different strategies including using anti-tumor compounds, gene therapy and delivery systems have been developed for suppressing EMT, and enhancing cytotoxicity of PTX and DTX against cancer cells that are mechanistically discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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