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Zhu Y, Tian Y, Han S, Wang J, Liu Y, Yin J. Structure, evolution, and roles of SWEET proteins in growth and stress responses in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130441. [PMID: 38417760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are exported by the SWEET family of transporters, which is a novel class of carriers that can transport sugars across cell membranes and facilitate sugar's long-distance transport from source to sink organs in plants. SWEETs play crucial roles in a wide range of physiologically important processes by regulating apoplastic and symplastic sugar concentrations. These processes include host-pathogen interactions, abiotic stress responses, and plant growth and development. In the present review, we (i) describe the structure and organization of SWEETs in the cell membrane, (ii) discuss the roles of SWEETs in sugar loading and unloading processes, (iii) identify the distinct functions of SWEETs in regulating plant growth and development including flower, fruit, and seed development, (iv) shed light on the importance of SWEETs in modulating abiotic stress resistance, and (v) describe the role of SWEET genes during plant-pathogen interaction. Finally, several perspectives regarding future investigations for improving the understanding of sugar-mediated plant defenses are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China; Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
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Gupta A, Sankararamakrishnan R. Substrate selectivity and unique sequence signatures in SWEET/semiSWEET homologs of four taxonomic groups: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies. Proteins 2024. [PMID: 38243636 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The recently discovered SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins are involved in the selective transport of monosaccharides and disaccharides. The prokaryotic counterparts, semiSWEETs, form dimers with each monomer forming a triple-helix transmembrane bundle (THB). The longer eukaryotic SWEETs have seven transmembrane helices with two THBs and a linker helix. Structures of semiSWEETs/SWEETs have been determined experimentally. Experimental studies revealed the role of plant SWEETs in vital physiological processes and identified residues responsible for substrate selectivity. However, SWEETs/semiSWEETs from metazoans and bacteria are not characterized. In this study, we used structure-based sequence alignment and compared more than 2000 SWEET/semiSWEETs from four different taxonomic groups. Conservation of residue/chemical property was examined at all positions. Properties of clades/subclades of phylogenetic trees from each taxonomic group were analyzed. Conservation pattern of known residues in the selectivity-filter was used to predict the substrate preference of plant SWEETs and some clusters of metazoans and bacteria. Some residues at the gating and substrate-binding regions, pore-facing positions and at the helix-helix interface are conserved across all taxonomic groups. Conservation of polar/charged residues at specific pore-facing positions, helix-helix interface and in loops seems to be unique for plant SWEETs. Overall, the number of conserved residues is less in metazoan SWEETs. Plant and metazoan SWEETs exhibit high conservation of four and three proline residues respectively in "proline tetrad." Further experimental studies can validate the predicted substrate selectivity and significance of conserved polar/charged/aromatic residues at structurally and functionally important positions of SWEETs/semiSWEETs in plants, metazoans and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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Cheng H, Song X, Hu Y, Wu T, Yang Q, An Z, Feng S, Deng Z, Wu W, Zeng X, Tu M, Wang X, Huang H. Chromosome-level wild Hevea brasiliensis genome provides new tools for genomic-assisted breeding and valuable loci to elevate rubber yield. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1058-1072. [PMID: 36710373 PMCID: PMC10106855 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is grown in tropical regions and is the major source of natural rubber. Using traditional breeding approaches, the latex yield has increased by sixfold in the last century. However, the underlying genetic basis of rubber yield improvement is largely unknown. Here, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level genome sequence of the wild rubber tree, the first report on selection signatures and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of its yield traits. Population genomic analysis revealed a moderate population divergence between the Wickham clones and wild accessions. Interestingly, it is suggestive that H. brasiliensis and six relatives of the Hevea genus might belong to the same species. The selective sweep analysis found 361 obvious signatures in the domesticated clones associated with 245 genes. In a 15-year field trial, GWAS identified 155 marker-trait associations with latex yield, in which 326 candidate genes were found. Notably, six genes related to sugar transport and metabolism, and four genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signalling are associated with latex yield. The homozygote frequencies of the causal nonsynonymous SNPs have been greatly increased under selection, which may have contributed to the fast latex yield improvement during the short domestication history. Our study provides insights into the genetic basis of the latex yield trait and has implications for genomic-assisted breeding by offering valuable resources in this new domesticated crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cheng
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Xiaoming Song
- School of Life Sciences/Center for Genomics and Bio‐computingNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Yanshi Hu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Tingkai Wu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Qihang Yang
- School of Life Sciences/Center for Genomics and Bio‐computingNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Zewei An
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Shuyan Feng
- School of Life Sciences/Center for Genomics and Bio‐computingNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanHebeiChina
| | - Zhi Deng
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Wenguan Wu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Xia Zeng
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Min Tu
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
| | - Huasun Huang
- Rubber Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural ScienceHaikouHainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber TreeMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHaikouChina
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Cai J, Xue J, Zhu W, Luo X, Lu X, Xue M, Wei Z, Cai Y, Ou W, Li K, An F, Chen S. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals Sugar Transport and Starch Accumulation in Two Specific Germplasms of Manihot esculenta Crantz. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087236. [PMID: 37108399 PMCID: PMC10138763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a starchy and edible tropical plant, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has been widely used as an industrial raw material and a dietary source. However, the metabolomic and genetic differences in specific germplasms of cassava storage root were unclear. In this study, two specific germplasms, M. esculenta Crantz cv. sugar cassava GPMS0991L and M. esculenta Crantz cv. pink cassava BRA117315, were used as research materials. Results showed that sugar cassava GPMS0991L was rich in glucose and fructose, whereas pink cassava BRA117315 was rich in starch and sucrose. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis indicated that sucrose and starch metabolism had significantly changing metabolites enrichment and the highest degree of differential expression genes, respectively. Sugar transport in storage roots may contribute to the activities of sugar, which will eventually be exported to transporters (SWEETs), such as (MeSWEET1a, MeSWEET2b, MeSWEET4, MeSWEET5, MeSWEET10b, and MeSWEET17c), which transport hexose to plant cells. The expression level of genes involved in starch biosynthesis and metabolism were altered, which may result in starch accumulation. These results provide a theoretical basis for sugar transport and starch accumulation and may be useful in improving the quality of tuberous crops and increasing yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiuqin Luo
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Maofu Xue
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zhuowen Wei
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- School of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenjun Ou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Feifei An
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou 571101, China
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Xu M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Xing J, Qi J, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ye D, Tang C. Genome-wide analysis of the SWEET genes in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin: An insight into two latex-abundant isoforms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:440-448. [PMID: 36493591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (Tk) is a promising alternative rubber-producing grass. However, low biomass and rubber-producing capability limit its commercial application. As a carbon source transporter in plants, sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in diverse physiological events in the context of carbon assimilate transport and utilization. Theoretically, SWEETs would participate in Tk growth, development and response to environmental cues with relation to the accumulation of rubber and biomass, both of which rely on the input of carbon assimilates. Here, we identified 22 TkSWEETs through homology searching of the Tk genomes and bioinformatics analyses. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed these TkSWEETs to have overlapping yet distinct tissue expression patterns. Two TkSWEET isofroms, TkSWEET1 and TkSWEET12 expressed substantially in the latex, the cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers as well as the rubber source. As revealed by the transient expression analysis using Tk mesophyll protoplasts, both TkSWEET1 and TkSWEET12 were located in the plasma membrane. Heterologous expressions of the two TkSWEETs in a yeast mutant revealed that only TkSWEET1 exhibited apparent sugar transport activities, with a preference for monosaccharides. Interestingly, TkSWEET12, the latex-predominant TkSWEET isoform, seemed to have evolved from a tandem duplication event that results in a cluster of six TkSWEET genes with the TkSWEET12 therein, suggesting its specialized roles in the laticifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Xu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - De Ye
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Sui J, Xiao X, Yang J, Fan Y, Zhu S, Zhu J, Zhou B, Yu F, Tang C. The rubber tree RALF peptide hormone and its receptor protein kinase FER implicates in rubber production. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111510. [PMID: 36341879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs), which are secreted peptides serving as extracellular signals transduced to the inside of the cell, interact with the receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) and participates in various biological pathways. Here, we identified 23 RALF and 2 FER genes in Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree), and characterized their expression patterns in different tissues, across the process of leaf development, and in response to the rubber yield-stimulating treatments of tapping and ethylene. Four Hevea latex (the cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers)-abundant RALF isoforms, HbRALF19, HbRALF3, HbRALF22, and HbRALF16 were listed with descending expression levels. Of the four HbRALFs, expressions of HbRALF3 were markedly regulated in an opposite way by the treatments of tapping (depression) and ethylene (stimulation). All of the four latex-abundant RALFs specifically interacted with the extracellular domain of HbFER1. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing these HbRALFs displayed phenotypes similar to those reported for AtRALFs, such as shorter roots, smaller plant architecture, and delayed flowering. The application of HbRALF3 and HbRALF19 recombinant proteins significantly reduced the pH of Hevea latex, an important factor regulating latex metabolism. An in vitro rubber biosynthesis assay in a mixture of latex cytosol (C-serum) revealed a positive role of HbFER1 in rubber biosynthesis. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the participation of the HbRALF-FER module in rubber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Sui
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinheng Zhu
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Fleet J, Ansari M, Pittman JK. Phylogenetic analysis and structural prediction reveal the potential functional diversity between green algae SWEET transporters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:960133. [PMID: 36186040 PMCID: PMC9520054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-Will-Eventually-be-Exported-Transporters (SWEETs) are an important family of sugar transporters that appear to be ubiquitous in all organisms. Recent research has determined the structure of SWEETs in higher plants, identified specific residues required for monosaccharide or disaccharide transport, and begun to understand the specific functions of individual plant SWEET proteins. However, in green algae (Chlorophyta) these transporters are poorly characterised. This study identified SWEET proteins from across representative Chlorophyta with the aim to characterise their phylogenetic relationships and perform protein structure modelling in order to inform functional prediction. The algal genomes analysed encoded between one and six SWEET proteins, which is much less than a typical higher plant. Phylogenetic analysis identified distinct clusters of over 70 SWEET protein sequences, taken from almost 30 algal genomes. These clusters remain separate from representative higher or non-vascular plant SWEETs, but are close to fungi SWEETs. Subcellular localisation predictions and analysis of conserved amino acid residues revealed variation between SWEET proteins of different clusters, suggesting different functionality. These findings also showed conservation of key residues at the substrate-binding site, indicating a similar mechanism of substrate selectivity and transport to previously characterised higher plant monosaccharide-transporting SWEET proteins. Future work is now required to confirm the predicted sugar transport specificity and determine the functional role of these algal SWEET proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Fleet
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mujtaba Ansari
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jon K. Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Gautam T, Dutta M, Jaiswal V, Zinta G, Gahlaut V, Kumar S. Emerging Roles of SWEET Sugar Transporters in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081303. [PMID: 35455982 PMCID: PMC9031177 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugars are the major source of energy in living organisms and play important roles in osmotic regulation, cell signaling and energy storage. SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) are the most recent family of sugar transporters that function as uniporters, facilitating the diffusion of sugar molecules across cell membranes. In plants, SWEETs play roles in multiple physiological processes including phloem loading, senescence, pollen nutrition, grain filling, nectar secretion, abiotic (drought, heat, cold, and salinity) and biotic stress regulation. In this review, we summarized the role of SWEET transporters in plant development and abiotic stress. The gene expression dynamics of various SWEET transporters under various abiotic stresses in different plant species are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the utilization of genome editing tools (TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9) to engineer SWEET genes that can facilitate trait improvement. Overall, recent advancements on SWEETs are highlighted, which could be used for crop trait improvement and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Madhushree Dutta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (M.D.); (V.J.); (G.Z.); (S.K.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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9
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Dominguez PG, Niittylä T. Mobile forms of carbon in trees: metabolism and transport. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:458-487. [PMID: 34542151 PMCID: PMC8919412 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants constitute 80% of the biomass on earth, and almost two-thirds of this biomass is found in wood. Wood formation is a carbon (C)-demanding process and relies on C transport from photosynthetic tissues. Thus, understanding the transport process is of major interest for understanding terrestrial biomass formation. Here, we review the molecules and mechanisms used to transport and allocate C in trees. Sucrose is the major form in which C is transported in plants, and it is found in the phloem sap of all tree species investigated so far. However, in several tree species, sucrose is accompanied by other molecules, notably polyols and the raffinose family of oligosaccharides. We describe the molecules that constitute each of these transport groups, and their distribution across different tree species. Furthermore, we detail the metabolic reactions for their synthesis, the mechanisms by which trees load and unload these compounds in and out of the vascular system, and how they are radially transported in the trunk and finally catabolized during wood formation. We also address a particular C recirculation process between phloem and xylem that occurs in trees during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. A search of possible evolutionary drivers behind the diversity of C-carrying molecules in trees reveals no consistent differences in C transport mechanisms between angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. Furthermore, the distribution of C forms across species suggests that climate-related environmental factors will not explain the diversity of C transport forms. However, the consideration of C-transport mechanisms in relation to tree-rhizosphere coevolution deserves further attention. To conclude the review, we identify possible future lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Guadalupe Dominguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
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10
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Genome-wide in silico analysis indicates the involvement of OsSWEET transporters in abiotic and heavy metal (loid) stress responses in rice. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Xuan C, Lan G, Si F, Zeng Z, Wang C, Yadav V, Wei C, Zhang X. Systematic Genome-Wide Study and Expression Analysis of SWEET Gene Family: Sugar Transporter Family Contributes to Biotic and Abiotic Stimuli in Watermelon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8407. [PMID: 34445115 PMCID: PMC8395094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins are a novel family of sugar transporters that play key roles in sugar efflux, signal transduction, plant growth and development, plant-pathogen interactions, and stress tolerance. In this study, 22 ClaSWEET genes were identified in Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) through homology searches and classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis. The genes with similar structures, conserved domains, and motifs were clustered into the same groups. Further analysis of the gene promoter regions uncovered various growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responsive cis-regulatory elements. Tissue-specific analysis showed most of the genes were highly expressed in male flowers and the roots of cultivated varieties and wild cultivars. In addition, qRT-PCR results further imply that ClaSWEET proteins might be involved in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum infection. Moreover, a significantly higher expression level of these genes under various abiotic stresses suggests its multifaceted role in mediating plant responses to drought, salt, and low-temperature stress. The genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of ClaSWEET genes, together with the expression patterns in different tissues and stimuli, lays a solid foundation for future research into their molecular function in watermelon developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Guangpu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Fengfei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Zhilong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Chunxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.X.); (G.L.); (F.S.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (V.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300384, China
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12
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Breia R, Conde A, Badim H, Fortes AM, Gerós H, Granell A. Plant SWEETs: from sugar transport to plant-pathogen interaction and more unexpected physiological roles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:836-852. [PMID: 33724398 PMCID: PMC8195505 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have important roles in numerous physiological mechanisms where sugar efflux is critical, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed nutrient filling, among other less expected functions. They mediate low affinity and high capacity transport, and in angiosperms this family is composed by 20 paralogs on average. As SWEETs facilitate the efflux of sugars, they are highly susceptible to hijacking by pathogens, making them central players in plant-pathogen interaction. For instance, several species from the Xanthomonas genus are able to upregulate the transcription of SWEET transporters in rice (Oryza sativa), upon the secretion of transcription-activator-like effectors. Other pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea or Erysiphe necator, are also capable of increasing SWEET expression. However, the opposite behavior has been observed in some cases, as overexpression of the tonoplast AtSWEET2 during Pythium irregulare infection restricted sugar availability to the pathogen, rendering plants more resistant. Therefore, a clear-cut role for SWEET transporters during plant-pathogen interactions has so far been difficult to define, as the metabolic signatures and their regulatory nodes, which decide the susceptibility or resistance responses, remain poorly understood. This fuels the still ongoing scientific question: what roles can SWEETs play during plant-pathogen interaction? Likewise, the roles of SWEET transporters in response to abiotic stresses are little understood. Here, in addition to their relevance in biotic stress, we also provide a small glimpse of SWEETs importance during plant abiotic stress, and briefly debate their importance in the particular case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) due to its socioeconomic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Breia
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
- Author for communication:
| | - Hélder Badim
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Lisbon Science Faculty, BioISI, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Antonio Granell
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
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13
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Yin Q, Zhu L, Du P, Fan C, Wang J, Zhang B, Li H. Comprehensive analysis of SWEET family genes in Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1790417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Pingzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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14
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Xie H, Wang D, Qin Y, Ma A, Fu J, Qin Y, Hu G, Zhao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SWEET gene family in Litchi chinensis reveal the involvement of LcSWEET2a/3b in early seed development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:499. [PMID: 31726992 PMCID: PMC6857300 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWEETs (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported transporters) function as sugar efflux transporters that perform diverse physiological functions, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed filling, and pathogen nutrition. The SWEET gene family has been identified and characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about in Litchi chinensis, which is an important evergreen fruit crop. RESULTS In this study, 16 LcSWEET genes were identified and nominated according to its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and grapevine. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the 7 alpha-helical transmembrane domains (7-TMs) were basically conserved in LcSWEETs. The LcSWEETs were divided into four clades (Clade I to Clade IV) by phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 8 predicted motifs were detected in the litchi LcSWEET genes. The 16 LcSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in 9 chromosomes and there was one pairs of segmental duplicated events by synteny analysis. The expression patterns of the 16 LcSWEET genes showed higher expression levels in reproductive organs. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of LcSWEET2a and LcSWEET3b indicated they play central roles during early seed development. CONCLUSIONS The litchi genome contained 16 SWEET genes, and most of the genes were expressed in different tissues. Gene expression suggested that LcSWEETs played important roles in the growth and development of litchi fruits. Genes that regulate early seed development were preliminarily identified. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SWEET gene family in litchi, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies of LcSWEET genes and improvement of litchi fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Integrative analysis reveals evolutionary patterns and potential functions of SWEET transporters in Euphorbiaceae. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Hu B, Wu H, Huang W, Song J, Zhou Y, Lin Y. SWEET Gene Family in Medicago truncatula: Genome-Wide Identification, Expression and Substrate Specificity Analysis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090338. [PMID: 31505820 PMCID: PMC6783836 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) proteins mediate the translocation of sugars across cell membranes and play crucial roles in plant growth and development as well as stress responses. In this study, a total of 25 SWEET genes were identified from the Medicago truncatula genome and were divided into four clades based on the phylogenetic analysis. The MtSWEET genes are distributed unevenly on the M. truncatula chromosomes, and eight and 12 MtSWEET genes are segmentally and tandemly duplicated, respectively. Most MtSWEET genes contain five introns and encode proteins with seven transmembrane helices (TMHs). Besides, nearly all MtSWEET proteins have relatively conserved membrane domains, and contain conserved active sites. Analysis of microarray data showed that some MtSWEET genes are specifically expressed in disparate developmental stages or tissues, such as flowers, developing seeds and nodules. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR expression analysis indicated that many MtSWEET genes are responsive to various abiotic stresses such as cold, drought, and salt treatments. Functional analysis of six selected MtSWEETs in yeast revealed that they possess diverse transport activities for sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, and mannose. These results provide new insights into the characteristics of the MtSWEET genes, which lay a solid foundation for further investigating their functional roles in the developmental processes and stress responses of M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Henry Fok Collge of Life Sciences, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| | - Weifeng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianbo Song
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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17
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Wang P, Wei P, Niu F, Liu X, Zhang H, Lyu M, Yuan Y, Wu B. Cloning and Functional Assessments of Floral-Expressed SWEET Transporter Genes from Jasminum sambac. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164001. [PMID: 31426432 PMCID: PMC6719010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar transporters of the SWEET family mediate cross membrane movement of mono- and disaccharides and play vital roles in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including sink-source relationship, pathogen responses, reproductive growth, and development. However, it remains to be determined how these transporters function in non-module plants of agricultural significance, given the evolutionarily diverse traits. In this study, we combined transcriptome analysis, rapid amplification of cDNA ends-cloning (RACE-cloning), expression profiling, and heterologous functional assay to identify SWEET genes that may have potential roles during flower opening and sexual reproduction in Jasminum sambac . During the anthesis, the floral organs of J. sambac express seven SWEET homologous genes from all four clades of the family. JsSWEET9 and 2 are significantly upregulated when flowers are fully opened, up to 6- and 3-fold compared to unopened buds, respectively. The other transporters, JsSWEET1, 5, 10, and 17 are also accumulated slightly at stage associated with fragrance release, whereas only the vacuole transporter JsSWEET16 showed small decrease in transcript level after anthesis. The JsSWEET5, a clade II member, is capable to complement yeast cell uptake on most tested sugar substrates with a preference for hexoses, while the clade I transporter JsSWEET1 mediates merely galactose import when expressed in yeast. Our results provide first evidence for further investigation on sugar transport and allocation during flowering and reproductive processes in J. sambac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peining Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fangfei Niu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meiling Lyu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Binghua Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Jeena GS, Kumar S, Shukla RK. Structure, evolution and diverse physiological roles of SWEET sugar transporters in plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:351-365. [PMID: 31030374 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Present review describes the structure, evolution, transport mechanism and physiological functions of SWEETs. Their application using TALENs and CRISPR/CAS9 based genomic editing approach is discussed. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) proteins were first identified in plants as the novel family of sugar transporters which mediates the translocation of sugars across cell membranes. The SWEET family of sugar transporters is unique in terms of their structure which contains seven predicted transmembrane domains with two internal triple-helix bundles which possibly originate due to prokaryotic gene duplication. SWEETs perform diverse physiological functions such as pollen nutrition, nectar secretion, seed filling, phloem loading, and pathogen nutrition which we have discussed in the present review. We also discuss how transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing tools are used to engineer SWEET mutants which modulate pathogen resistance in plants and its applications in the field of agriculture. The expression of SWEETs promises to implement insights into many other cellular transport mechanisms. To conclude, the present review highlights the recent aspects which will further develop better understanding of molecular evolution, structure, and function of SWEET transporters in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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