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Cuvertino S, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. SOX7-enforced expression promotes the expansion of adult blood progenitors and blocks B-cell development. Open Biol 2016; 6:160070. [PMID: 27411892 PMCID: PMC4967825 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the three SOXF transcription factors, SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18, regulate the specification of the cardiovascular system and are also involved in the development of haematopoiesis. The ectopic expression of SOX17 in both embryonic and adult blood cells enhances self-renewal. Likewise, the enforced expression of SOX7 during embryonic development promotes the proliferation of early blood progenitors and blocks lineage commitment. However, whether SOX7 expression can also affect the self-renewal of adult blood progenitors has never been explored. In this study, we demonstrate using an inducible transgenic mouse model that the enforced expression of Sox7 ex vivo in bone marrow/stroma cell co-culture promotes the proliferation of blood progenitors which retain multi-lineage short-term engrafting capacity. Furthermore, SOX7 expression induces a profound block in the generation of B lymphocytes. Correspondingly, the ectopic expression of SOX7 in vivo results in dramatic alterations of the haematopoietic system, inducing the proliferation of blood progenitors in the bone marrow while blocking B lymphopoiesis. In addition, SOX7 expression induces extra-medullary haematopoiesis in the spleen and liver. Together, these data demonstrate that the uncontrolled expression of the transcription factor SOX7 in adult haematopoietic cells has dramatic consequences on blood homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuvertino
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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Grechkin M, Logsdon BA, Gentles AJ, Lee SI. Identifying Network Perturbation in Cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004888. [PMID: 27145341 PMCID: PMC4856318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a computational framework, called DISCERN (DIfferential SparsE Regulatory Network), to identify informative topological changes in gene-regulator dependence networks inferred on the basis of mRNA expression datasets within distinct biological states. DISCERN takes two expression datasets as input: an expression dataset of diseased tissues from patients with a disease of interest and another expression dataset from matching normal tissues. DISCERN estimates the extent to which each gene is perturbed-having distinct regulator connectivity in the inferred gene-regulator dependencies between the disease and normal conditions. This approach has distinct advantages over existing methods. First, DISCERN infers conditional dependencies between candidate regulators and genes, where conditional dependence relationships discriminate the evidence for direct interactions from indirect interactions more precisely than pairwise correlation. Second, DISCERN uses a new likelihood-based scoring function to alleviate concerns about accuracy of the specific edges inferred in a particular network. DISCERN identifies perturbed genes more accurately in synthetic data than existing methods to identify perturbed genes between distinct states. In expression datasets from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast cancer and lung cancer, genes with high DISCERN scores in each cancer are enriched for known tumor drivers, genes associated with the biological processes known to be important in the disease, and genes associated with patient prognosis, in the respective cancer. Finally, we show that DISCERN can uncover potential mechanisms underlying network perturbation by explaining observed epigenomic activity patterns in cancer and normal tissue types more accurately than alternative methods, based on the available epigenomic data from the ENCODE project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Grechkin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew J. Gentles
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Su-In Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pedroza-Pacheco I, Shah D, Domogala A, Luevano M, Blundell M, Jackson N, Thrasher A, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. Regulatory T cells inhibit CD34+ cell differentiation into NK cells by blocking their proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22097. [PMID: 26915707 PMCID: PMC4768165 DOI: 10.1038/srep22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) remains one of the main complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Due to their ability to suppress effector cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been proposed as a cellular therapy to prevent GvHD, however they also inhibit the functions of natural killer (NK) cells, key effectors of the Graft versus Leukemia effect. In this study, we have explored whether a Tregs therapy will also impact on NK cell differentiation. Using an in vitro model of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into NK cells, we found that activated Tregs led to a 90% reduction in NK cell numbers when added at the time of commitment to the NK cell lineage. This effect was contact dependent and was reversible upon Tregs depletion. The few NK cells that developed in these cultures were mature and exhibited normal functions. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of activated Tregs in rag(-/-) γc(-/-) mice abrogated HSC differentiation into NK cells thus confirming our in vitro findings. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that activated Tregs can inhibit NK cell differentiation from HSC under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Divya Shah
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Anna Domogala
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Martha Luevano
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Michael Blundell
- Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nicola Jackson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Escobedo-Cousin M, Jackson N, Laza-Briviesca R, Ariza-McNaughton L, Luevano M, Derniame S, Querol S, Blundell M, Thrasher A, Soria B, Cooper N, Bonnet D, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. Natural Killer Cells Improve Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment by Increasing Stem Cell Clonogenicity In Vitro and in a Humanized Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138623. [PMID: 26465138 PMCID: PMC4605799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) is increasingly used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation. Low incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and a robust graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect are observed following CB transplantation (CBT). However, its main disadvantages are a limited number of HSC per unit, delayed immune reconstitution and a higher incidence of infection. Unmanipulated grafts contain accessory cells that may facilitate HSC engraftment. Therefore, the effects of accessory cells, particularly natural killer (NK) cells, on human CB HSC (CBSC) functions were assessed in vitro and in vivo. CBSC cultured with autologous CB NK cells showed higher levels of CXCR4 expression, a higher migration index and a higher number of colony forming units (CFU) after short-term and long-term cultures. We found that CBSC secreted CXCL9 following interaction with CB NK cells. In addition, recombinant CXCL9 increased CBSC clonogenicity, recapitulating the effect observed of CB NK cells on CBSC. Moreover, the co-infusion of CBSC with CB NK cells led to a higher level of CBSC engraftment in NSG mouse model. The results presented in this work offer the basis for an alternative approach to enhance HSC engraftment that could improve the outcome of CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Escobedo-Cousin
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Jackson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martha Luevano
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Derniame
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Querol
- Programa Concordia Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Blundell
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernat Soria
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Fundación Progreso y Salud, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nichola Cooper
- Haematology Department, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Lee F, Luevano M, Veys P, Yong K, Madrigal A, Shaw BE, Saudemont A. The effects of CAMPATH-1H on cell viability do not correlate to the CD52 density on the cell surface. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103254. [PMID: 25050704 PMCID: PMC4106894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is one of the main complications after hematological stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CAMPATH-1H is used in the pre-transplant conditioning regimen to effectively reduce GvHD by targeting CD52 antigens on T cells resulting in their depletion. Information regarding CD52 expression and the effects of CAMPATH-1H on immune cells is scant and limited to peripheral blood (PB) T and B cells. To date, the effects of CAMPATH-1H on cord blood (CB) cells has not been studied. Here we aimed to analyze CD52 expression and the effects of CAMPATH-1H on fresh or frozen, resting or activated, PB mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CB mononuclear cells (CBMC). In resting state, CD52 expression was higher in CB than PB T cell subsets (653.66±26.68 vs 453.32±19.2) and B cells (622.2±20.65 vs 612.0±9.101) except for natural killer (NK) cells where CD52 levels were higher in PB (421.0±9.857) than CB (334.3±9.559). In contrast, CD52 levels were comparable across all cell types after activation. CAMPATH-1H depleted resting cells more effectively than activated cells with approximately 80–95% of apoptosis observed with low levels of necrosis. There was no direct correlation between cell surface CD52 density and depleting effects of CAMPATH-1H. In addition, no difference in cell viability was noted when different concentrations of CAMPATH-1H were used. CD52 was not expressed on HSC but began to be expressed as the cells differentiate, implying that CAMPATH-1H could potentially affect HSC differentiation and proliferation. Our study provides insightful information, which contributes to the better understanding in the use of CAMPATH-1H as part of the conditioning regime in HSCT.
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MESH Headings
- Alemtuzumab
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD52 Antigen
- Cell Separation
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Glycoproteins/analysis
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuiyee Lee
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Luevano
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Veys
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kwee Yong
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bronwen E. Shaw
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Luevano M, Domogala A, Blundell M, Jackson N, Pedroza-Pacheco I, Derniame S, Escobedo-Cousin M, Querol S, Thrasher A, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. Frozen cord blood hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into higher numbers of functional natural killer cells in vitro than mobilized hematopoietic stem cells or freshly isolated cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87086. [PMID: 24489840 PMCID: PMC3906137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy relies on the acquisition of large numbers of NK cells that are cytotoxic but not exhausted. NK cell differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has become an alluring option for NK cell therapy, with umbilical cord blood (UCB) and mobilized peripheral blood (PBCD34+) being the most accessible HSC sources as collection procedures are less invasive. In this study we compared the capacity of frozen or freshly isolated UCB hematopoietic stem cells (CBCD34+) and frozen PBCD34+ to generate NK cells in vitro. By modifying a previously published protocol, we showed that frozen CBCD34+ cultures generated higher NK cell numbers without loss of function compared to fresh CBCD34+ cultures. NK cells generated from CBCD34+ and PBCD34+ expressed low levels of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors but high levels of activating receptors and of the myeloid marker CD33. However, blocking studies showed that CD33 expression did not impact on the functions of the generated cells. CBCD34+-NK cells exhibited increased capacity to secrete IFN-γ and kill K562 in vitro and in vivo as compared to PBCD34+-NK cells. Moreover, K562 killing by the generated NK cells could be further enhanced by IL-12 stimulation. Our data indicate that the use of frozen CBCD34+ for the production of NK cells in vitro results in higher cell numbers than PBCD34+, without jeopardizing their functionality, rendering them suitable for NK cell immunotherapy. The results presented here provide an optimal strategy to generate NK cells in vitro for immunotherapy that exhibit enhanced effector function when compared to alternate sources of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Luevano
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Domogala
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Blundell
- Centre for Immunodeficiency, Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Jackson
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Derniame
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Escobedo-Cousin
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Querol
- Programa Concordia Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- Centre for Immunodeficiency, Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Noulin F, Borlon C, van den Eede P, Boel L, Verfaillie CM, D'Alessandro U, Erhart A. Cryopreserved reticulocytes derived from hematopoietic stem cells can be invaded by cryopreserved Plasmodium vivax isolates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40798. [PMID: 22844411 PMCID: PMC3402485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a system for the continuous culture of Plasmodium vivax in vitro would benefit from the use of reticulocytes derived from differentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HCS). At present, the need to use both fresh reticulocytes and fresh P. vivax isolates represents a major obstacle towards this goal, particularly for laboratories located in non-endemic countries. Here, we describe a new method for the cryopreservation of HSC-derived reticulocytes to be used for both P. falciparum and P. vivax invasion tests. Cryopreserved P. falciparum and P. vivax isolates could invade both fresh and cryopreserved HSC-derived reticulocytes with similar efficiency. This new technique allows the storage of HSC-derived reticulocytes which can be used for later invasion tests and represents an important step towards the establishment of a continuous P. vivax culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Noulin
- Unit of Malariology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Belgium.
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