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Schossig A, Bloch-Zupan A, Lussi A, Wolf NI, Raskin S, Cohen M, Giuliano F, Jurgens J, Krabichler B, Koolen DA, de Macena Sobreira NL, Maurer E, Muller-Bolla M, Penzien J, Zschocke J, Kapferer-Seebacher I. SLC13A5 is the second gene associated with Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome. J Med Genet 2016; 54:54-62. [PMID: 27600704 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTZS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disease characterised by epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability and amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). It is frequently caused by biallelic mutations in ROGDI. Here, we report on individuals with ROGDI-negative KTZS carrying biallelic SLC13A5 mutations. METHODS In the present cohort study, nine individuals from four families with the clinical diagnosis of KTZS and absence of ROGDI mutations as well as one patient with unexplained epileptic encephalopathy were investigated by clinical and dental evaluation, parametric linkage analysis (one family), and exome and/or Sanger sequencing. Dental histological investigations were performed on teeth from individuals with SLC13A5-associated and ROGDI-associated KTZS. RESULTS Biallelic mutations in SLC13A5 were identified in 10 affected individuals. Epileptic encephalopathy usually presents in the neonatal and (less frequently) early infantile period. Yellowish to orange discolouration of both deciduous and permanent teeth, as well as wide interdental spaces and abnormal crown forms are major clinical signs of individuals with biallelic SLC13A5 mutations. Histological dental investigations confirmed the clinical diagnosis of hypoplastic AI. In comparison, the histological evaluation of a molar assessed from an individual with ROGDI-associated KTZS revealed hypocalcified AI. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that SLC13A5 is the second major gene associated with the clinical diagnosis of KTZS, characterised by neonatal epileptic encephalopathy and hypoplastic AI. Careful clinical and dental delineation provides clues whether ROGDI or SLC13A5 is the causative gene. Hypersensitivity of teeth as well as high caries risk requires individual dental prophylaxis and attentive dental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schossig
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC-CERBM CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salmo Raskin
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.,Genetika-Centro de Aconselhamento e Laboratório de Genética, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Monika Cohen
- kbo-Kinderzentrum München gGmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs PACA, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Julie Jurgens
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Birgit Krabichler
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nara Lygia de Macena Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth Maurer
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michèle Muller-Bolla
- UFR Odontologie, Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UCA, Nice, France.,CHU de Nice, Pôle Odontologie, UF soins pour enfants; Laboratory URB2i-EA 4462, Paris Descartes, France
| | - Johann Penzien
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ines Kapferer-Seebacher
- Department of Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Chaudhary M, Dixit S, Singh A, Kunte S. Amelogenesis imperfecta: Report of a case and review of literature. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2011; 13:70-7. [PMID: 21887005 PMCID: PMC3162864 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.57673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a diverse collection of inherited diseases that exhibit quantitative or qualitative tooth enamel defects in the absence of systemic manifestations. Also known by varied names such as Hereditary enamel dysplasia, Hereditary brown enamel, Hereditary brown opalescent teeth, this defect is entirely ectodermal, since mesodermal components of the teeth are basically normal. The AI trait can be transmitted by either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked modes of inheritance. Genes implicated in autosomal forms are genes encoding enamel matrix proteins, namely: enamelin and ameloblastin, tuftelin, MMP-20 and kallikrein - 4. This article presents a case reported to Dr. D. Y. Patil, Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India, along with a review of this often seen clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Chaudhary
- Department of Oral Pathology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, India
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Ranganath V, Nichani AS, Soumya V. Amelogenesis imperfecta: A challenge to restoring esthetics and function. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 14:195-7. [PMID: 21760676 PMCID: PMC3100865 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.75917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation of complicated cases poses difficulty in clinical practice, both with respect to restoring function and with esthetics. One such clinical condition where the dentist has to give importance to proper planning of the treatment and execution of the plan is amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), a condition where both function and esthetics are accommodated. This article discusses both the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of a patient with AI. Both the esthetics and function were hampered in this patient due to the condition. As a result, the treatment was properly planned and executed. A number of treatment options are available for us today to treat such a case. There is no one technique to be followed as such. However, the aim was to properly diagnose the case and provide good function and esthetics to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranganath
- Department of Periodontics, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Stephanopoulos G, Garefalaki ME, Lyroudia K. Genes and related proteins involved in amelogenesis imperfecta. J Dent Res 2006; 84:1117-26. [PMID: 16304440 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel formation is a remarkable example of a biomineralization process. The exact mechanisms involved in this process remain partly obscure. Some of the genes encoding specific enamel proteins have been indicated as candidate genes for amelogenesis imperfecta. Mutational analyses within studied families have supported this hypothesis. Mutations in the amelogenin gene (AMELX) cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta, while mutations in the enamelin gene (ENAM) cause autosomal-inherited forms of amelogenesis imperfecta. Recent reports involve kallikrein-4 (KLK4), MMP-20, and DLX3 genes in the etiologies of some cases. This paper focuses mainly on the candidate genes involved in amelogenesis imperfecta and the proteins derived from them, and reviews current knowledge on their structure, localization within the tissue, and correlation with the various types of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stephanopoulos
- Diploma in Dental Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ozdemir D, Hart P, Firatli E, Aren G, Ryu O, Hart T. Phenotype of ENAM mutations is dosage-dependent. J Dent Res 2005; 84:1036-41. [PMID: 16246937 PMCID: PMC2708095 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508401113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Five mutations in the ENAM gene have been found to cause hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), with phenotypes ranging from localized enamel pitting in carriers to severe hypoplastic AI. To determine the generality of ENAM mutations in hypoplastic AI, we sequenced the ENAM gene in ten Turkish families segregating autosomal hypoplastic AI. In two families, ENAM mutations were found. A novel nonsense mutation (g.12663C>A; p.S246X) was identified in one family segregating local hypoplastic AI as a dominant trait. Affected individuals in a second family segregating autosomal-recessive AI were compound heterozygotes for a novel insertion mutation (g.12946_12947insAGTCAGTACCAGTACTGTGTC) and a previously described insertion (g.13185_13186insAG) mutation. Heterozygous carriers of either insertion had a localized enamel-pitting phenotype. These findings substantiate that enamel phenotypes of ENAM mutations may be dose-dependent, with generalized hypoplastic AI segregating as a recessive trait and localized enamel pitting segregating as a dominant trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Ozdemir
- Clinical Research Core, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P.S. Hart
- Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bldg 10/CRC 3-2551, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda MD 20892, USA
- *corresponding author,
| | - E. Firatli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G. Aren
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O.H. Ryu
- Section of Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - T.C. Hart
- Clinical Research Core, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section of Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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