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Haxho F, Neufeld RJ, Szewczuk MR. Neuraminidase-1: a novel therapeutic target in multistage tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40860-40881. [PMID: 27029067 PMCID: PMC5130050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several of the growth factors and their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and insulin are promising candidate targets for cancer therapy. Indeed, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been developed to target these growth factors and their receptors, and have demonstrated dramatic initial responses in cancer therapy. Yet, most patients ultimately develop TKI drug resistance and relapse. It is essential in the clinical setting that the targeted therapies are to circumvent multistage tumorigenesis, including genetic mutations at the different growth factor receptors, tumor neovascularization, chemoresistance of tumors, immune-mediated tumorigenesis and the development of tissue invasion and metastasis. Here, we identify a novel receptor signaling platform linked to EGF, NGF, insulin and TOLL-like receptor (TLR) activations, all of which are known to play major roles in tumorigenesis. The importance of these findings signify an innovative and promising entirely new targeted therapy for cancer. The role of mammalian neuraminidase-1 (Neu1) in complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 and G protein-coupled receptor tethered to RTKs and TLRs is identified as a major target in multistage tumorigenesis. Evidence exposing the link connecting growth factor-binding and immune-mediated tumorigenesis to this novel receptor-signaling paradigm will be reviewed in its current relationship to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Haxho
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald J Neufeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Robertson CL, Srivastava J, Rajasekaran D, Gredler R, Akiel MA, Jariwala N, Siddiq A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. The role of AEG-1 in the development of liver cancer. Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:303-312. [PMID: 26798451 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AEG-1 is an oncogene that is overexpressed in all cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. AEG-1 plays a seminal role in promoting cancer development and progression by augmenting proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, all hallmarks of aggressive cancer. AEG-1 mediates its oncogenic function predominantly by interacting with various protein complexes. AEG-1 acts as a scaffold protein, activating multiple protumorigenic signal transduction pathways, such as MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin while regulating gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. Our recent studies document that AEG-1 is fundamentally required for activation of inflammation. A comprehensive and convincing body of data currently points to AEG-1 as an essential component critical to the onset and progression of cancer. The present review describes the current knowledge gleaned from patient and experimental studies as well as transgenic and knockout mouse models, on the impact of AEG-1 on hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia L Robertson
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Jyoti Srivastava
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Maaged A Akiel
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building 1220 East Broad Street, 7th Floor PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Sanger Hall, Room 11-0051101 East Marshall Street, PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Molecular Medicine Research Building 1220 East Broad Street, 7th Floor PO Box 980033, Richmond, VA 23298-0033, USA
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Cho JA, Park E. Curcumin utilizes the anti-inflammatory response pathway to protect the intestine against bacterial invasion. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:117-22. [PMID: 25861416 PMCID: PMC4388941 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Curcumin, a major component of the Curcuma species, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although it was found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the functional role of curcumin as well as its molecular mechanism in anti-inflammatory response, particularly in intestinal cells, has been less investigated. The intestine epithelial barrier is the first barrier and the most important location for the substrate coming from the lumen of the gut. SUBJECTS/METHODS We administered curcumin treatment in the human intestinal epithelial cell lines, T84 and Caco-2. We examined endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response by thapsigargin, qPCR of XBP1 and BiP, electrophysiology by wild-type cholera toxin in the cells. RESULTS In this study, we showed that curcumin treatment reduces ER stress and thereby decreases inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, curcumin confers protection without damaging the membrane tight junction or actin skeleton change in intestine epithelial cells. Therefore, curcumin treatment protects the gut from bacterial invasion via reduction of ER stress and anti-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate the important role of curcumin in protecting the intestine by modulating ER stress and inflammatory response post intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Cho
- Division of GI Cell Biology, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Eunmi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 461-6 Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Dentatin Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells via Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin Downregulation, Caspase-9, -3/7 Activation, and NF-κB Inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:856029. [PMID: 23091559 PMCID: PMC3471446 DOI: 10.1155/2012/856029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was set to investigate antiproliferative potential of dentatin (a natural coumarin isolated from Clausena excavata Burm. F) against prostate cancer and to delineate the underlying mechanism of action. Treatment with dentatin dose-dependently inhibited cell growth of PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines, whereas it showed less cytotoxic effects on normal prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1). The inhibitory effect of dentatin on prostate cancer cell growth was due to induction of apoptosis as evidenced by Annexin V staining and cell shrinkage. We found that dentatin-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulated expression levels of antiapoptotic molecules (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Survivin), leading to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell membrane permeability, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. These effects were associated with induction of caspase-9, -3/7 activities, and subsequent DNA fragmentation. In addition, we found that dentatin inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of p65, suggesting dentatin as a potential NF-κB inhibitor. Thus, we suggest that dentatin may have therapeutic value in prostate cancer treatment worthy of further development.
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Radical decisions in cancer: redox control of cell growth and death. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:442-74. [PMID: 24213319 PMCID: PMC3712695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals play a key role in many physiological decisions in cells. Since free radicals are toxic to cellular components, it is known that they cause DNA damage, contribute to DNA instability and mutation and thus favor carcinogenesis. However, nowadays it is assumed that free radicals play a further complex role in cancer. Low levels of free radicals and steady state levels of antioxidant enzymes are responsible for the fine tuning of redox status inside cells. A change in redox state is a way to modify the physiological status of the cell, in fact, a more reduced status is found in resting cells while a more oxidative status is associated with proliferative cells. The mechanisms by which redox status can change the proliferative activity of cancer cells are related to transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications of proteins that play a critical role in cell cycle control. Since cancer cells show higher levels of free radicals compared with their normal counterparts, it is believed that the anti-oxidative stress mechanism is also increased in cancer cells. In fact, the levels of some of the most important antioxidant enzymes are elevated in advanced status of some types of tumors. Anti-cancer treatment is compromised by survival mechanisms in cancer cells and collateral damage in normal non-pathological tissues. Though some resistance mechanisms have been described, they do not yet explain why treatment of cancer fails in several tumors. Given that some antitumoral treatments are based on the generation of free radicals, we will discuss in this review the possible role of antioxidant enzymes in the survival mechanism in cancer cells and then, its participation in the failure of cancer treatments.
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