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Maksudov F, Kliuchnikov E, Marx KA, Purohit PK, Barsegov V. Mechanical fatigue testing in silico: Dynamic evolution of material properties of nanoscale biological particles. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:326-345. [PMID: 37142109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological particles have evolved to possess mechanical characteristics necessary to carry out their functions. We developed a computational approach to "fatigue testing in silico", in which constant-amplitude cyclic loading is applied to a particle to explore its mechanobiology. We used this approach to describe dynamic evolution of nanomaterial properties and low-cycle fatigue in the thin spherical encapsulin shell, thick spherical Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV) capsid, and thick cylindrical microtubule (MT) fragment over 20 cycles of deformation. Changing structures and force-deformation curves enabled us to describe their damage-dependent biomechanics (strength, deformability, stiffness), thermodynamics (released and dissipated energies, enthalpy, and entropy) and material properties (toughness). Thick CCMV and MT particles experience material fatigue due to slow recovery and damage accumulation over 3-5 loading cycles; thin encapsulin shells show little fatigue due to rapid remodeling and limited damage. The results obtained challenge the existing paradigm: damage in biological particles is partially reversible owing to particle's partial recovery; fatigue crack may or may not grow with each loading cycle and may heal; and particles adapt to deformation amplitude and frequency to minimize the energy dissipated. Using crack size to quantitate damage is problematic as several cracks might form simultaneously in a particle. Dynamic evolution of strength, deformability, and stiffness, can be predicted by analyzing the cycle number (N) dependent damage, [Formula: see text] , where α is a power law and Nf is fatigue life. Fatigue testing in silico can now be used to explore damage-induced changes in the material properties of other biological particles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biological particles possess mechanical characteristics necessary to perform their functions. We developed "fatigue testing in silico" approach, which employes Langevin Dynamics simulations of constant-amplitude cyclic loading of nanoscale biological particles, to explore dynamic evolution of the mechanical, energetic, and material properties of the thin and thick spherical particles of encapsulin and Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus, and the microtubule filament fragment. Our study of damage growth and fatigue development challenge the existing paradigm. Damage in biological particles is partially reversible as fatigue crack might heal with each loading cycle. Particles adapt to deformation amplitude and frequency to minimize energy dissipation. The evolution of strength, deformability, and stiffness, can be accurately predicted by analyzing the damage growth in particle structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhad Maksudov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, United States
| | - Evgenii Kliuchnikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, United States
| | - Kenneth A Marx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, United States
| | - Prashant K Purohit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Valeri Barsegov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
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Li J, Cui Y, Zhang L. C60 adsorption on defective Si (1 0 0) surface having one missed dimer from atomic simulations at electrical level. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Ni H, Ni Q, Papoian GA, Trache A, Jiang Y. Myosin and [Formula: see text]-actinin regulation of stress fiber contractility under tensile stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8662. [PMID: 37248294 PMCID: PMC10227020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress fibers are actomyosin bundles that regulate cellular mechanosensation and force transduction. Interacting with the extracellular matrix through focal adhesion complexes, stress fibers are highly dynamic structures regulated by myosin motors and crosslinking proteins. Under external mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces, the stress fiber remodels its architecture to adapt to external cues, displaying properties of viscoelastic materials. How the structural remodeling of stress fibers is related to the generation of contractile force is not well understood. In this work, we simulate mechanochemical dynamics and force generation of stress fibers using the molecular simulation platform MEDYAN. We model stress fiber as two connecting bipolar bundles attached at the ends to focal adhesion complexes. The simulated stress fibers generate contractile force that is regulated by myosin motors and [Formula: see text]-actinin crosslinkers. We find that stress fibers enhance contractility by reducing the distance between actin filaments to increase crosslinker binding, and this structural remodeling ability depends on the crosslinker turnover rate. Under tensile pulling force, the stress fiber shows an instantaneous increase of the contractile forces followed by a slow relaxation into a new steady state. While the new steady state contractility after pulling depends only on the overlap between actin bundles, the short-term contractility enhancement is sensitive to the tensile pulling distance. We further show that this mechanical response is also sensitive to the crosslinker turnover rate. Our results provide new insights into the stress fiber mechanics that have significant implications for understanding cellular adaptation to mechanical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ni
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qin Ni
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Garegin A. Papoian
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A &M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Pushpa NB, Patra A, Ravi KS. Advances in Microscopy and Its Applications with Special Reference to Fluorescence Microscope: An Overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1406:3-17. [PMID: 37016108 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26462-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The microscope has revolutionized the understanding of an organism's structural details and cellular functions. With the invention of highly evolved microscopes, the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has gained momentum. Technology has immensely helped demonstrate cellular events like phagocytosis, cell movement, cell division, etc. with enhanced temporal and spatial resolution. One of these advanced inventions is the fluorescent microscope which has enabled scanning through various physiological activities of the cell. A fluorescence microscope uses the property of fluorescence to create an image. In addition to visualizing the structural details of the cells, a fluorescence microscope also aids in witnessing cellular activities. With an immunofluorescence microscope, cellular antigens can be localized. This chapter highlights the basics of microscopy, types of microscopes, principles, and types of fluorescence microscopes, and recent advances in microscopy and its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Pushpa
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Apurba Patra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kumar Satish Ravi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Ojha KR, Shin SY, Padgham S, Leon Olmedo F, Guo B, Han G, Woodman C, Trache A. Age-Associated Dysregulation of Integrin Function in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913673. [PMID: 35874532 PMCID: PMC9301045 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial aging results in a progressive reduction in elasticity of the vessel wall and an impaired ability of aged blood vessels to control local blood flow and pressure. Recently, a new concept has emerged that the stiffness and decreased contractility of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells are important contributors to age-induced arterial dysfunction. This study investigated the hypothesis that aging alters integrin function in a matrix stiffness-dependent manner, which contributes to decreased VSM contractility in aged soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA). The effect of RGD-binding integrins on contractile function of cannulated SFA isolated from young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats was assessed by measuring constrictor responses to norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and angiotensin II. Results indicated that constrictor responses in presence of RGD were impaired in old compared to young SFA. VSM cells isolated from young and old SFA were used for functional experiments using atomic force microscopy and high-resolution imaging. Aging was associated with a modulation of integrin β1 recruitment at cell-matrix adhesions that was matrix and substrate stiffness dependent. Our data showed that substrate stiffening drives altered integrin β1 expression in aging, while soft substrates abolish age-induced differences in overall integrin β1 expression. In addition, substrate stiffness and matrix composition contribute to the modulation of SMα-actin cytoskeleton architecture with soft substrates reducing age effects. Our results provide new insights into age-induced structural changes at VSM cell level that translates to decreased functionality of aged resistance soleus feed arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Raj Ojha
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Song Yi Shin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Samuel Padgham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Frida Leon Olmedo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Bohong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Woodman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Andreea Trache,
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Bhattarai D, Banday AZ, Sadanand R, Arora K, Kaur G, Sharma S, Rawat A. Hair microscopy: an easy adjunct to diagnosis of systemic diseases in children. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:18. [PMID: 34843009 PMCID: PMC8630179 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair, having distinct stages of growth, is a dynamic component of the integumentary system. Nonetheless, derangement in its structure and growth pattern often provides vital clues for the diagnosis of systemic diseases. Assessment of the hair structure by various microscopy techniques is, hence, a valuable tool for the diagnosis of several systemic and cutaneous disorders. Systemic illnesses like Comel-Netherton syndrome, Griscelli syndrome, Chediak Higashi syndrome, and Menkes disease display pathognomonic findings on hair microscopy which, consequently, provide crucial evidence for disease diagnosis. With minimal training, light microscopy of the hair can easily be performed even by clinicians and other health care providers which can, thus, serve as a useful tool for disease diagnosis at the patient's bedside. This is especially true for resource-constrained settings where access and availability of advanced investigations (like molecular diagnostics) is a major constraint. Despite its immense clinical utility and non-invasive nature, hair microscopy seems to be an underutilized diagnostic modality. Lack of awareness regarding the important findings on hair microscopy may be one of the crucial reasons for its underutilization. Herein, we, therefore, present a comprehensive overview of the available methods for hair microscopy and the pertinent findings that can be observed in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmagat Bhattarai
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aaqib Zaffar Banday
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Rohit Sadanand
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kanika Arora
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Satish Sharma
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are now considered important contributors to the pathophysiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening in aging. Here, we review mechanisms whereby VSMC stiffening alters vascular function and contributes to the changes in vascular stiffening observed in aging and cardiovascular disease. Vascular stiffening in arterial aging was historically associated with changes in the extracellular matrix; however, new evidence suggests that endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness also contribute to overall blood vessel stiffness. Furthermore, VSMC play an integral role in regulating matrix deposition and vessel wall contractility via interaction between the actomyosin contractile unit and adhesion structures that anchor the cell within the extracellular matrix. Aged-induce phenotypic modulation of VSMC from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype is associated with decreased cellular contractility and increased cell stiffness. Aged VSMC also display reduced mechanosensitivity and adaptation to mechanical signals from their microenvironment due to impaired intracellular signaling. Finally, evidence for decreased contractility in arteries from aged animals demonstrate that changes at the cellular level result in decreased functional properties at the tissue level.
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In-Vitro Comparative Adhesion Evaluation of Bioceramic and Dual-Cure Resin Endodontic Sealers Using SEM, AFM, Push-Out and FTIR. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Which are the adhesion characteristics of four root canal sealers: two experimental (dual cure resin based endodontic sealer (E1-DCR) and bioceramic based sealer (E2-BC)), and two commercial (RealSeal and TotallFill BC (FKG Germany)). (2) Methods. One-hundred-twenty extracted monoradicular teeth received mechanic-antiseptic preparation and then endodontic filling using gutta-percha in combination with one of the four sealers. Samples from the apical third were selected from each tooth and were randomly distributed for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and push-out bond strength. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was made exclusively for experimental sealers. (3) Results. The two experimental materials did not present a significant difference in apical sealing ability based on SEM evaluation. Gaps were identified in case of RealSeal samples and also lower penetration into the dentinal tubules compared to TotalFill BC. On AFM analysis a more pronounced penetration into the tubules was observed in case of E2-BC sealer was observed. E1-DCR registered a lower bond strength (0.7177 ± 0.55) in the apical third compared to Total Fill BC (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions. Within the limitations of the current study, it can be stated that the two experimental sealers’ characteristics are comparable to that of the two consecrated materials.
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Sun Y, Liu J, Wang K, Wei Z. Squeeze Film Damping Effect on Different Microcantilever Probes in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscope. SCANNING 2020; 2020:8818542. [PMID: 33282055 PMCID: PMC7683126 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8818542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the operation of tapping mode atomic force microscope (TM-AFM), the gap between the cantilever and sample surface is very small (several nanometers to micrometers). Owing to the small gap distance and high vibration frequency, squeeze film force should be considered in TM-AFM. To explore the mechanism of squeeze film damping in TM-AFM, three theoretical microcantilever simplified models are discussed innovatively herein: tip probe, ball probe, and tipless probe. Experiments and simulations are performed to validate the theoretical models. It is of great significance to improve the image quality of atomic force microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Laidou S, Alanis-Lobato G, Pribyl J, Raskó T, Tichy B, Mikulasek K, Tsagiopoulou M, Oppelt J, Kastrinaki G, Lefaki M, Singh M, Zink A, Chondrogianni N, Psomopoulos F, Prigione A, Ivics Z, Pospisilova S, Skladal P, Izsvák Z, Andrade-Navarro MA, Petrakis S. Nuclear inclusions of pathogenic ataxin-1 induce oxidative stress and perturb the protein synthesis machinery. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101458. [PMID: 32145456 PMCID: PMC7058924 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1) is caused by an abnormally expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in ataxin-1. These expansions are responsible for protein misfolding and self-assembly into intranuclear inclusion bodies (IIBs) that are somehow linked to neuronal death. However, owing to lack of a suitable cellular model, the downstream consequences of IIB formation are yet to be resolved. Here, we describe a nuclear protein aggregation model of pathogenic human ataxin-1 and characterize IIB effects. Using an inducible Sleeping Beauty transposon system, we overexpressed the ATXN1(Q82) gene in human mesenchymal stem cells that are resistant to the early cytotoxic effects caused by the expression of the mutant protein. We characterized the structure and the protein composition of insoluble polyQ IIBs which gradually occupy the nuclei and are responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species. In response to their formation, our transcriptome analysis reveals a cerebellum-specific perturbed protein interaction network, primarily affecting protein synthesis. We propose that insoluble polyQ IIBs cause oxidative and nucleolar stress and affect the assembly of the ribosome by capturing or down-regulating essential components. The inducible cell system can be utilized to decipher the cellular consequences of polyQ protein aggregation. Our strategy provides a broadly applicable methodology for studying polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Laidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gregorio Alanis-Lobato
- Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122, Mainz, Germany; Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Jan Pribyl
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamás Raskó
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Boris Tichy
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Mikulasek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Tsagiopoulou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Georgia Kastrinaki
- Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory/Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Lefaki
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology/National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11365, Athens, Greece
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Annika Zink
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology/National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11365, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Psomopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skladal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
| | | | - Spyros Petrakis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Wang H, Qiao Y, Liu J, Jiang B, Zhang G, Zhang C, Liu X. Experimental study of the difference in deformation between normal and pathological, renal and bladder, cells induced by acoustic radiation force. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:155-161. [PMID: 32006056 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that alterations in the mechanical properties of cells may be associated with the onset and progression of some forms of pathology. In this paper, an experimental study of two types of cells, renal (cancer) and bladder (cancer) cells, is described which used acoustic radiation force (ARF) generated by a high-frequency ultrasound focusing transducer and performed on the operating platform of an inverted light microscope. Comparing images of cancer cells with those of normal cells of the same kind, we find that the cancer cells are more prone to deform than normal cells of the same kind under the same ARF. In addition, cancer cells with higher malignancy are more deformable than those with lower malignancy. This means that the deformability of cells may be used to distinguish diseased cells from normal ones, and more aggressive cells from less aggressive ones, which may provide a more rapid and accurate method for clinical diagnosis of urological disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yupei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gutian Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Seawright JW, Sreenivasappa H, Gibbs HC, Padgham S, Shin SY, Chaponnier C, Yeh AT, Trzeciakowski JP, Woodman CR, Trache A. Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractile Function Declines With Age in Skeletal Muscle Feed Arteries. Front Physiol 2018; 9:856. [PMID: 30108507 PMCID: PMC6079263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a progressive decline in vasoconstrictor responses in central and peripheral arteries. This study investigated the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile function declines with age in soleus muscle feed arteries (SFA). Contractile function of cannulated SFA isolated from young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats was assessed by measuring constrictor responses of denuded (endothelium removed) SFA to norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), and angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, we investigated the role of RhoA signaling in modulation of VSM contractile function. Structural and functional characteristics of VSM cells were evaluated by fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results indicated that constrictor responses to PE and Ang II were significantly impaired in old SFA, whereas constrictor responses to NE were preserved. In the presence of a Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y27632), constrictor responses to NE, Ang II, and PE were significantly reduced in young and old SFA. In addition, the age-group difference in constrictor responses to Ang II was eliminated. ROCK1 and ROCK2 content was similar in young and old VSM cells, whereas pROCK1 and pROCK2 were significantly elevated in old VSM cells. Aging was associated with a reduction in smooth muscle α-actin stress fibers and recruitment of proteins to cell-matrix adhesions. Old VSM cells presented an increase in integrin adhesion to the matrix and smooth muscle γ-actin fibers that was associated with increased cell stiffness. In conclusion, our results indicate that VSM contractile function declined with age in SFA. The decrement in contractile function was mediated in part by RhoA/ROCK signaling. Upregulation of pROCK in old VSM cells was not able to rescue contractility in old SFA. Collectively, these results indicate that changes at the VSM cell level play a central role in the reduced contractile function of aged SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Seawright
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Harini Sreenivasappa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Holly C Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Samuel Padgham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Song Y Shin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alvin T Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jerome P Trzeciakowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christopher R Woodman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Influence of Surface Properties on Adhesion Forces and Attachment of Streptococcus mutans to Zirconia In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8901253. [PMID: 27975061 PMCID: PMC5126402 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8901253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia is becoming a prevalent material in dentistry. However, any foreign bodies inserted may provide new niches for the bacteria in oral cavity. The object of this study was to explore the effect of surface properties including surface roughness and hydrophobicity on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to zirconia. Atomic force microscopy was employed to determine the zirconia surface morphology and the adhesion forces between the S. mutans and zirconia. The results showed that the surface roughness was nanoscale and significantly different among tested groups (P < 0.05): Coarse (23.94 ± 2.52 nm) > Medium (17.00 ± 3.81 nm) > Fine (11.89 ± 1.68 nm). The contact angles of the Coarse group were the highest, followed by the Medium and the Fine groups. Increasing the surface roughness and hydrophobicity resulted in an increase of adhesion forces and early attachment (2 h and 4 h) of S. mutans on the zirconia but no influence on the further development of biofilm (6 h~24 h). Our findings suggest that the surface roughness in nanoscale and hydrophobicity of zirconia had influence on the S. mutans initial adhesion force and early attachment instead of whole stages of biofilm formation.
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Yang X, Scott HA, Monickaraj F, Xu J, Ardekani S, Nitta CF, Cabrera A, McGuire PG, Mohideen U, Das A, Ghosh K. Basement membrane stiffening promotes retinal endothelial activation associated with diabetes. FASEB J 2016; 30:601-11. [PMID: 26443820 PMCID: PMC6188223 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial activation is a hallmark of the high-glucose (HG)-induced retinal inflammation associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, precisely how HG induces retinal endothelial activation is not fully understood. We hypothesized that HG-induced up-regulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a collagen-cross-linking enzyme, in retinal capillary endothelial cells (ECs) enhances subendothelial basement membrane (BM) stiffness, which, in turn, promotes retinal EC activation. Diabetic C57BL/6 mice exhibiting a 70 and 50% increase in retinal intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression and leukocyte accumulation, respectively, demonstrated a 2-fold increase in the levels of BM collagen IV and LOX, key determinants of capillary BM stiffness. Using atomic force microscopy, we confirmed that HG significantly enhances LOX-dependent subendothelial matrix stiffness in vitro, which correlated with an ∼2.5-fold increase in endothelial ICAM-1 expression, a 4-fold greater monocyte-EC adhesion, and an ∼2-fold alteration in endothelial NO (decrease) and NF-κB activation (increase). Inhibition of LOX-dependent subendothelial matrix stiffening alone suppressed HG-induced retinal EC activation. Finally, using synthetic matrices of tunable stiffness, we demonstrated that subendothelial matrix stiffening is necessary and sufficient to promote EC activation. These findings implicate BM stiffening as a critical determinant of HG-induced retinal EC activation and provide a rationale for examining BM stiffness and underlying mechanotransduction pathways as therapeutic targets for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Harry A Scott
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Finny Monickaraj
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Soroush Ardekani
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carolina F Nitta
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrea Cabrera
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Paul G McGuire
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Umar Mohideen
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Arup Das
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kaustabh Ghosh
- *Department of Bioengineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; and New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Papke CL, Cao J, Kwartler CS, Villamizar C, Byanova KL, Lim SM, Sreenivasappa H, Fischer G, Pham J, Rees M, Wang M, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Khakoo AY, Chandra J, Trache A, Zimmer W, Milewicz DM. Smooth muscle hyperplasia due to loss of smooth muscle α-actin is driven by activation of focal adhesion kinase, altered p53 localization and increased levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3123-37. [PMID: 23591991 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ACTA2, encoding the smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific isoform of α-actin (α-SMA), cause thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections and occlusive vascular diseases, including early onset coronary artery disease and stroke. We have shown that occlusive arterial lesions in patients with heterozygous ACTA2 missense mutations show increased numbers of medial or neointimal SMCs. The contribution of SMC hyperplasia to these vascular diseases and the pathways responsible for linking disruption of α-SMA filaments to hyperplasia are unknown. Here, we show that the loss of Acta2 in mice recapitulates the SMC hyperplasia observed in ACTA2 mutant SMCs and determine the cellular pathways responsible for SMC hyperplasia. Acta2(-/-) mice showed increased neointimal formation following vascular injury in vivo, and SMCs explanted from these mice demonstrated increased proliferation and migration. Loss of α-SMA induced hyperplasia through focal adhesion (FA) rearrangement, FA kinase activation, re-localization of p53 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increased expression and ligand-independent activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfr-β). Disruption of α-SMA in wild-type SMCs also induced similar cellular changes. Imatinib mesylate inhibited Pdgfr-β activation and Acta2(-/-) SMC proliferation in vitro and neointimal formation with vascular injury in vivo. Loss of α-SMA leads to SMC hyperplasia in vivo and in vitro through a mechanism involving FAK, p53 and Pdgfr-β, supporting the hypothesis that SMC hyperplasia contributes to occlusive lesions in patients with ACTA2 missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Papke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 6.100, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Boulbene B, Morchain J, Bonin MM, Janel S, Lafont F, Schmitz P. A combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental approach to quantify the adhesion force of bacterial cells attached to a plane surface. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zheng X, Hu J, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Chen H. AFM study of the effects of collagenase and its inhibitors on dentine collagen fibrils. J Dent 2011; 40:163-71. [PMID: 22198196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of exogenous collagenase and two collagenase inhibitors on the variation in microstructure of human collagen fibrils. METHODS Dentine specimens which were sectioned from 6 freshly extracted human caries-free third molars were wet polished. Each specimen was divided into 4 parts which were treated as experimental groups (group 1, group 2, group 3) and the control group, respectively. All the specimens were etched and further treated with NaClOaq. Subsequently, the topography of each specimen was observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode in air. Group 1 was then treated with a solution of collagenase II. Group 2 was treated with a solution of collagenase II and chlorhexidine (saturated solution). Group 3 was treated with a solution of collagenase II and captopril (0.3%). The control group was treated with a buffer solution. After 3h and 6h of treatment, the topography of the collagen fibrils was measured with AFM in air, respectively. RESULTS AFM images of the dentine collagen fibrils were obtained after treatment with NaOClaq. Following further treatment with collagenase II, the topography of the collagen fibrils changed. Most reticular collagen fibrils disappeared after 6h. After treatment with collagenase II in the presence of chlorhexidine or captopril for 3h and 6h, the morphology of the collagen fibres was not changed obviously. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous collagenase II effectively degraded human dentine collagen fibrils, and its collagenolytic activity was inhibited by the exogenous collagenase inhibitors, chlorhexidine and captopril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Physico-mechanical characterisation of cells using atomic force microscopy — Current research and methodologies. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 86:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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