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Whilde J, Mashkour N, Koda SA, Eastman CB, Thompson D, Burkhalter B, Frandsen HR, Page A, Blackburn NB, Jones K, Ariel E, Dupont SM, Wood L, Duffy DJ. International overview of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis: a survey of expert opinions and trends. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1445438. [PMID: 39239565 PMCID: PMC11374714 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1445438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Marine environments offer a wealth of opportunities to improve understanding and treatment options for cancers, through insights into a range of fields from drug discovery to mechanistic insights. By applying One Health principles the knowledge obtained can benefit both human and animal populations, including marine species suffering from cancer. One such species is green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), which are under threat from fibropapillomatosis (FP), an epizootic tumor disease (animal epidemic) that continues to spread and increase in prevalence globally. In order to effectively address this epizootic, a more thorough understanding is required of the prevalence of the disease and the approaches to treating afflicted turtles. Methods To identify knowledge gaps and assess future needs, we conducted a survey of sea turtle FP experts. The survey consisted of 47 questions designed to assess general perceptions of FP, the areas where more information is needed, local FP trends, the disease status, and mitigation needs, and was voluntarily completed by 44 experts across a broad geographic range. Results Over 70% of respondents both recognized FP as a cancerous panzootic disease, and reported that FP is increasing in prevalence. They report several factors contributing to this increase. Nearly all of the respondents reported that FP research, patient treatment and rehabilitation required more funding in their area, and reported inadequate facilities and capacity for dealing with FP patients. Treatment approaches varied: just over 70% of the medical experts that responded surgically remove FP tumors, either using laser or scalpel. Just under half of respondents use anti-cancer drugs in their treatment of FP. Internal tumors were reported as justification for euthanasia by 61.5% of respondents, and 30.8% reported severe external tumors to be sufficient grounds for euthanasia. Most medical respondents (93.3%) routinely perform necropsy on deceased or euthanized FP-afflicted turtles. Over 80% of respondents considered large-scale multidisciplinary collaboration 'extremely important' for advancing the field of FP research. Discussion The survey responses provide a valuable insight into the current status of FP in sea turtles, FP treatment, rehabilitation and research, and help to identify critical FP-related areas most in need of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Whilde
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Narges Mashkour
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Samantha A Koda
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Catherine B Eastman
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Drew Thompson
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Brooke Burkhalter
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Hilary R Frandsen
- National Park Service, Division of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery, Padre Island National Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Annie Page
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Karina Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie M Dupont
- BOREA Research Unit, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067, MNHN, CNRS, SU, IRD 207, UCN, UA, Station de Recherche Marine de Martinique, Les Anses d'Arlet, France
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Lawrence Wood
- Florida Hawksbill Project, National Save The Sea Turtle Foundation, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - David J Duffy
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, United States
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Tellado M, Mir LM, Maglietti F. Veterinary Guidelines for Electrochemotherapy of Superficial Tumors. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868989. [PMID: 35968026 PMCID: PMC9363792 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) consists in the application of electric pulses to increase chemotherapeutic drug intake (bleomycin, cisplatin, or calcium) into the tumor cells. It has become a very valuable treatment option in veterinary oncology. It is an effective and safe treatment modality, which is not only beneficial as a palliative treatment, but also for a curative approach. Performing the treatment adequately will ensure the best results possible, in the minimum number of sessions, and reduce complications. Usually, only one session is enough to achieve excellent results, but the treatment can be repeated. Several sessions can be necessary in the case of incompletely treated or very extended lesions, as well as in the occurrence of new lesions. ECT is effective for superficial or oral tumors of any histology that are accessible to the electrodes. Intravenous bleomycin is the preferred drug and route of administration, leaving other ways of administration and drugs for selected cases. The guidelines presented here are destined to veterinarians who want to develop their understanding of the basis of ECT and wish to perform it adequately and effectively. In this paper, we also discuss common problems and how to solve them, and we include practical tips to improve the treatment results based on common questions and mistakes of beginner users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Île-de-France, France
| | - Felipe Maglietti
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Felipe Maglietti
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Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is gaining recognition as an effective local therapy that uses systemically or intratumorally injected bleomycin or cisplatin with electroporation as a delivery system that brings drugs into the cells to exert their cytotoxic effects. Preclinical work is still ongoing, testing new drugs, seeking the best treatment combination with other treatment modalities, and exploring new sets of pulses for effective tissue electroporation. The applications of electrochemotherapy are being fully exploited in veterinary oncology, where electrochemotherapy, because of its simple execution, has a relatively good cost-benefit ratio and is used in the treatment of cutaneous tumors. In human oncology, electrochemotherapy is fully recognized as a local therapy for cutaneous tumors and metastases. Its effectiveness is being explored in combination with immunomodulatory drugs. However, the development of electrochemotherapy is directed into the treatment of deep-seated tumors with a percutaneous approach. Because of the vast number of reports, this review discusses the articles published in the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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