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Li X, Dai X. Characterization and functional analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei Na +/K +/2Cl - cotransporter 1 under nitrite stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 298:111749. [PMID: 39313182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The function of Litopenaeus vannamei Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) under nitrite stress was investigated. The full-length cDNA sequence of the L. vannamei NKCC1 gene was cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique, and the sequence was analysed using bioinformatics tools. Expression and localisation of NKCC1 in tissues were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation, respectively. The impact of nitrite stress on the survival, physiology, biochemistry and tissue structure of L. vannamei was investigated following silencing of NKCC1 by RNA interference. The 3143 bp cDNA sequence of L. vannamei NKCC1 encodes a polypeptide of 918 amino acids. It is evolutionarily conserved. NKCC1 expression was highest in gill tissue, particularly within cuticle and gill epithelial cells. After silencing NKCC1, an increase in shrimp survival was observed, accompanied by a significant reduction in nitrite entry into the body (P < 0.05). Moreover, the oxidative stress enzyme system remained unaffected and damage to gill tissue was alleviated. The results suggest that NKCC1 is involved in regulating nitrite uptake, and plays a crucial role in facilitating nitrite entry into the organism through gill tissue. The findings provide a vital experimental basis for addressing concerns related to nitrite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre for Aquatic Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xilin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre for Aquatic Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Jiang P, Zhang Z, Yu Q, Wang Z, Diao L, Li D. ToxDAR: A Workflow Software for Analyzing Toxicologically Relevant Proteomic and Transcriptomic Data, from Data Preparation to Toxicological Mechanism Elucidation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9544. [PMID: 39273492 PMCID: PMC11394870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploration of toxicological mechanisms is imperative for the assessment of potential adverse reactions to chemicals and pharmaceutical agents, the engineering of safer compounds, and the preservation of public health. It forms the foundation of drug development and disease treatment. High-throughput proteomics and transcriptomics can accurately capture the body's response to toxins and have become key tools for revealing complex toxicological mechanisms. Recently, a vast amount of omics data related to toxicological mechanisms have been accumulated. However, analyzing and utilizing these data remains a major challenge for researchers, especially as there is a lack of a knowledge-based analysis system to identify relevant biological pathways associated with toxicity from the data and to establish connections between omics data and existing toxicological knowledge. To address this, we have developed ToxDAR, a workflow-oriented R package for preprocessing and analyzing toxicological multi-omics data. ToxDAR integrates packages like NormExpression, DESeq2, and igraph, and utilizes R functions such as prcomp and phyper. It supports data preparation, quality control, differential expression analysis, functional analysis, and network analysis. ToxDAR's architecture also includes a knowledge graph with five major categories of mechanism-related biological entities and details fifteen types of interactions among them, providing comprehensive knowledge annotation for omics data analysis results. As a case study, we used ToxDAR to analyze a transcriptomic dataset on the toxicology of triphenyl phosphate (TPP). The results indicate that TPP may impair thyroid function by activating thyroid hormone receptor β (THRB), impacting pathways related to programmed cell death and inflammation. As a workflow-oriented data analysis tool, ToxDAR is expected to be crucial for understanding toxic mechanisms from omics data, discovering new therapeutic targets, and evaluating chemical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zuzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lihong Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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Jia R, Dai X, Li Y, Yang X, Min X, Quan D, Liu P, Huang X, Ge J, Ren Q. Duox mediated ROS production inhibited WSSV replication in Eriocheir sinensis under short-term nitrite stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106575. [PMID: 37196508 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite stress and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection are major problems threatening the sustainable and healthy development of Eriocheir sinensis. Some studies have found that nitrite stress can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas synthetic ROS plays a vital role in the signaling pathway. However, whether nitrite stress influences the infection of crabs by WSSV remains unclear. NADPH oxidases, including NOX1-5 and Duox1-2, are important for ROS production. In the present study, a novel Duox gene (designated as EsDuox) was identified from E. sinensis. The studies found that nitrite stress could increase the expression of EsDuox during WSSV infection and decrease the transcription of the WSSV envelope protein VP28. Moreover, nitrite stress could increase the production of ROS, and the synthesis of ROS relied on EsDuox. These results indicated a potential "nitrite stress-Duox activation-ROS production" pathway that plays a negative role in WSSV infection in E. sinensis. Further studies found that nitrite stress and EsDuox could promote the expression of EsDorsal transcriptional factor and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) during WSSV infection. Moreover, the synthesis of AMPs was positively regulated by EsDorsal in the process of WSSV infection under nitrite stress. Furthermore, EsDorsal played an inhibitory role in the replication of WSSV under nitrite stress. Our study reveals a new pathway for "nitrite stress-Duox activation-ROS production-Dorsal activation-AMP synthesis" that is involved in the defense against WSSV infection in E. sinensis during short-term nitrite stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xintong Yang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiuwen Min
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Derun Quan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jiachun Ge
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
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Liu Y, Wang H, Wu L, Han J, Sui B, Meng L, Xu Y, Lu S, Wang H, Peng J. Intestinal changes associated with nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans larvae: Histological damage, immune response, and microbiota dysbiosis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106228. [PMID: 35751941 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a ubiquitous toxic compound in aquatic ecosystems and has negative effects on aquatic organisms. The intestine and the trillions of microbes that inhabit it, play an integral role in maintaining digestive and immune functions. However, the effects of nitrite on intestinal health and microflora have been poorly investigated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the response of intestinal histology, immunity, digestive enzyme activities and microbiota to nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. The results showed that nitrite caused damage to the intestine and impaired digestive performance. Significant changes in the transcriptional profiles of genes involved in oxidative stress (sod, gpx and hsp), inflammation, and immunity (socs3, il-27, il-1β and il-17d) were observed in the NO2-N treatment groups. In addition, exposure to nitrite induced alterations of intestinal microbial diversity, structure and composition, suggesting that nitrite may lead to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is noteworthy that probiotics (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria) were decreased after exposure to nitrite, whereas potentially opportunistic pathogens such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were elevated. Functional prediction and correlation analysis suggested that the above changes may interfere with metabolic function and trigger various diseases. Taken together, we concluded that nitrite exposure induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which may lead to immune dysfunction and metabolic disorder, and ultimately to histological damages in B. gargarizans. Further, this study will provide a scientific basis for further understanding the risk of nitrite pollution on the intestinal health of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hemei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Baoying Sui
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingna Meng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yunxuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Siwen Lu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jufang Peng
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Analysis of Acute Nitrite Exposure on Physiological Stress Response, Oxidative Stress, Gill Tissue Morphology and Immune Response of Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141791. [PMID: 35883338 PMCID: PMC9312338 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite is a common pollutant in aquaculture water, and nitrite toxicity that negatively affects aquatic species is common in aquaculture systems when the water quality is low. Therefore, the present research aimed to evaluate the effect of acute nitrite exposure on the hematological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, immune response, and gill morphology of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The fish were randomly separated and exposed to four (i.e., 0, 29.36, 58.73, and 88.09 mg/L) nitrite concentrations for 48 h. The fish blood and gills were collected at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h of nitrite exposure for further analysis. In hematological parameters, the results showed that the levels of hemoglobin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in blood significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all nitrite-treated samples after 12 h, while the contents of methemoglobin in blood significantly increased (p < 0.05) in these treatments. After 48 h of nitrite exposure, the levels of cortisol in serum showed a 94.5%, 132.1%, and 165.6% increase in fish exposed to 29.36, 58.73, and 88.09 mg/L nitrite, respectively. The nitrite (i.e., 29.36, 58.73, and 88.09 mg/L) exposure significantly increased (p < 0.05) the levels of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase and glutathione) in the gill and serum after 12 h of exposure compared with the control. The lysozyme levels in serum decreased in the nitrite (i.e., 29.36, 58.73, and 88.09 mg/L) exposure samples. It was found that immunoglobulin levels in the 29.36, 58.73, and 88.09 mg/L nitrite-treated samples (i.e., 1.86, 1.58, and 0.74 μg/mL, respectively) were lower than that of the control (2.56 μg/mL). In addition, the surface of the gill lamellae displayed deformation and contraction after 48 h of nitrite, especially in the fish exposed to 88.09 mg/L nitrite. These results indicate that the nitrite exposure induced the oxidative stress, affected the immune response, and changed the gill morphology, leading to nitrite poisoning in large yellow croaker.
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