1
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Hou D, Li H, Wang S, Weng S, He J. Nitrite nitrogen stress disrupts the intestine bacterial community by altering host-community interactions in shrimp. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171536. [PMID: 38461992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stress can disrupt the intricate interactions between the host and intestine microbiota, thereby impacting the host health. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes in the bacterial community within shrimp intestines under nitrite nitrogen (nitrite-N) stress and investigate potential host-related factors influencing these changes. Our results revealed a significant reduction in community diversity within the intestine exposed to nitrite-N compared to control conditions. Furthermore, distinct differences in community structures were observed between these two groups at 72 h and 120 h post-stress induction. Nitrite-N stress also altered the abundances of some bacterial species in the intestine dramatically. It is noteworthy that, in comparison to the 72 h, intestine bacterial community structure of stressed shrimp exhibited a significantly higher degree of dispersion after 120 h of nitrite-N stress when compared to control shrimp, and the relative abundance of numerous bacterial species experienced a substantial decrease or even reached 0 %. Moreover, it led to a reduction in bacterial community interactions and decreased competitiveness within the intestine microbiota. Notably, the influence of bacterial community assemblies in the shrimp intestine shifted from a stochastic process to a deterministic one after 24 h and 72 h of nitrite-N stress, returning to a stochastic process at 120 h. We further observed a close association between this phenomenon and host's response to nitrite-N stress. Expression levels of differentially expressed genes in the intestinal tissue significantly impact the intestine bacterial diversity and abundance of species. In particular, the significant decline in bacterial diversity and abundances of quite a few species in intestine was attributed to the up-regulation of peritrophin-48-like. Overall, nitrite-N stress indeed disrupted the intestine microbiota and changed the host-microbiota interactions of shrimp. This study offered novel insights into environment-host-microbiota interactions and also provided practical guidance for promoting healthy shrimp cultivation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology/Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology/Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
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2
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Cong M, Li Z, Che Y, Li Y, Tian W, Lv J, Sun X. Metabolomics revealed more deleterious toxicity induced by the combined exposure of ammonia and nitrite on Ruditapes philippinarum compared to single exposure. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106398. [PMID: 38377938 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
NH3-N and NO2-N always co-exist in the aquatic environment, but there is not a clear opinion on their joint toxicities to the molluscs. Presently, clams Ruditapes philippinarum were challenged by environmental concentrations of NH3-N and NO2-N, singly or in combination, and analyzed by metabolomics approaches, enzyme assays and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation. Results showed that some same KEGG pathways with different enriched-metabolites were detected in the three exposed groups within one day, and completely different profiles of metabolites were found in the rest of the exposure period. The combined exposure induced heavier and more lasting toxicities to the clams compared with their single exposure. ACP activity and the number of secondary lysosomes were significantly increased after the combined exposure. The present study shed light on the joint-toxicity mechanism of NH3-N and NO2-N, and provided fundamental data for the toxicity research on inorganic nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cong
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Zhaoshun Li
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yu Che
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yuanmei Li
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wenwen Tian
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jiasen Lv
- Biology School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Xiyan Sun
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
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3
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Deveci G, Tek NA. N-Nitrosamines: a potential hazard in processed meat products. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:2551-2560. [PMID: 37984839 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite, nitrate, and their salts are added to processed meat products to improve color, flavor, and shelf life and to lower the microbial burden. N-Nitrosamine compounds are formed when nitrosing agents (such as secondary nitrosamines) in meat products interact with nitrites and nitrates that have been added to the meat. With the consumption of such meat products, nitrosation reactions occur in the human body and N-nitrosamine formation occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the benefits nitrites and nitrates have on food, their tendency to create nitrosamines and an increase in the body's nitrous amine load presents health risks. The inclusion of nitrosamine compounds in possible and probable carcinogen classes according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer requires a re-examination of the literature review on processed meat products. This article evaluates the connections between various cancer types and nitrosamines found in processed meat products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Deveci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Wang X, Huang J, Qi Z, Kang R, Du C, Li D. The short and long-term effect of polystyrene nanoplastics on nitrifying sludge at high nitrite concentrations. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:222-231. [PMID: 37778797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nanoplastics (NPs) on nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) community in treating high-strength wastewater remains unclear, which seriously affects the stability of nitrogen removal process. In this study, highly active nitrifying sludge was enriched and exposed to 50 nm polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) for short-term (1, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/L, 1.5 hr) and long-term (1, 10, 100 mg/L, 40 days) at high nitrite concentration. In contrast to previous studies, our results showed that the exposures to PS-NPs had little effect on nitrifying performances. After long-term exposure, the protein/polysaccharide ratios in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were positively correlated with PS-NPs concentrations (0.78-0.99). The produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were gradually removed, and PS-NPs higher than 10 mg/L caused damage to membrane integrity. Long-term exposure for 40 days increased the community diversity and caused significant differences between the control and exposed communities. The control group were dominated by Nitrobacter and Exiguobacterium, while the exposure group was dominated by Bacillus, Mycobacterium, and Nitrospira. A noticeable shift in the NOB community from Nitrobacter (26.5% to 3.4%) to Nitrospira (1.61% to 14.27%) was observed. A KEGG analysis indicated a decrease in cell growth and death, cell motility and energy metabolism. It appeared that NOB could adapt to PS-NPs stress through enhanced secretion and removal of oxidative damage. Overall, this study provided new insights into the response mechanism of NOB to PS-NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qi
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ruiqin Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Chao Du
- Henan Licheng Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Anyang 455000, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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5
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Jia R, Zheng L, Zhang L, Huang X, Ren Q. mARC dependent NO synthesis activates CanA-Relish-AMPs signal pathway in Eriocheir sinensis during nitrite stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 141:109076. [PMID: 37726083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
As a signal molecule, nitric oxide (NO) can induce the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in invertebrate innate immunity and is produced through NO synthase (NOS) oxidation or nitrite reduction. Although the role of NOS-derived NO has been extensively studied, studies on nitrite-dependent NO are relatively scarce. In this study, we identified a mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (mARC), a kind of nitrite reductase, in Eriocheir sinensis. Under nitrite stress, the expression level of EsmARC in the intestine of E. sinensis increased, and the production of NO increased. Furthermore, EsmARC knockdown resulted in a remarkable decrease in NO concentration. These findings indicate that nitrite stress induces the expression of mARC, which promotes the production of NO in E. sinensis. In addition, the expression levels of AMPs in the intestine were upregulated under nitrite stress. Moreover, EsmARC knockdown resulted in the downregulated expression of AMPs. EsmARC plays a positive role in the synthesis of AMPs under nitrite stress. Calcineurin subunit A (CanA) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase involved in the process by which NO regulates the expression of AMPs. EsCanA knockdown significantly inhibited the transcription of EsRelish and the expression of AMPs under nitrite stress, and EsRelish silencing resulted in the downregulated expression levels of AMPs under nitrite stress. These results indicate that nitrite stress activates the CanA-Relish-AMP pathway in E. sinensis. In summary, mARC-dependent NO synthesis activates the CanA-Relish-AMP signal pathway in E. sinensis during nitrite stress. This research provides novel insights into the relationship between nitrite stress and NO-dependent immune signal activation in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liangmin Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu Province, China.
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6
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Liang Q, Dong B, Li A, Wu L, Zhang Y, Han T, Liu X. scRNA-seq analysis reveals toxicity mechanisms in shrimp hemocytes subjected to nitrite stress. Chemosphere 2023; 316:137853. [PMID: 36640974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, hemocytes play an important role in detoxification and immune defense, and are where nitrite accumulates during exposure to this toxic environmental pollutant. However, the heterogeneity mechanisms of toxicity have not been reported under nitrite expose in shrimp. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to resolve 24,000 cells, which the responses of different cell populations of hemocytes under nitrite exposure in Penaeus vannamei. We identified 394 specific nitrite-responsive genes in 9 clusters of hemocytes, and found heterogeneity in the nitrite response of the three subpopulations of hemocytes (hyaline, semi-granular and granular cells). In hyaline, the response appeared modest, whereas nitrite-related dysregulation of metabolic processes in granular and semi-granular was pronounced. Ammonia nitrogen will rapidly accumulate in hemocytes of shrimp under nitrite stress. In semi-granular, excessive ammonia will interfere with oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant system, thus inducing the production of reactive oxygen species. In granular, the abnormality of urea cycle caused by ammonia accumulation is the main toxic factor, which by inhibits arginase and arginine kinase. Collectively, our data provide a single-cell atlas for the dissection of shrimp hemocyte complexity, and reveal the toxicity mechanisms associated with nitrite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China; College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - BeiBei Dong
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - LiTing Wu
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
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7
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Zhang L, Xia T, Liu Q, Gu L, Sun Y, Yang Z. Performance of Daphnia simultaneously exposed to nitrite and predation risk: Reduced nitrite tolerance and aggravated predation-induced miniaturization. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160271. [PMID: 36423840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenous pollutants derived from human activities not only pose direct risk on aquatic organisms but may also indirectly endanger the stability of interspecific relations. To date, the effects of the nitrogen-containing pollutants on the induced defense remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the induced defense of an aquatic keystone species, Daphnia pulex, which responds to predation risk under nitrite pollution at environmentally relevant concentrations and simultaneously evaluate the effects of their induced defenses on nitrite tolerance. Results showed that increasing nitrite significantly reduced the survival time of D. pulex and posed severe reproductive toxicity, consequently reducing the offspring and broods. In the morphological defensive responses, early nitrite exposure interfered with the spine elongation, but the relative spine length induced by the predation risk was unaffected by the nitrite concentrations with exposure time prolonged, although high-dose nitrite inhibited the spine elongation and the increase of the body size. The integration of biomarker response index analyses further indicated that the reproductive capacity was more seriously impaired than the morphology and the survival. Moreover, the sensitivity analyses of growth and reproduction indicated that predation risk significantly reduced Daphnia's tolerance to nitrite. Conclusively, these findings highlight that long-term nitrite exposure exacerbates the predator-induced miniaturization of zooplanktons, and predation risk also reduces their tolerance to nitrite, which provides new insights into the performance changes of zooplanktons exposed to pollutants under predation risk and the vulnerability of predator-prey interspecific relationships in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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8
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Li Q, Liu Y, Li S, Guo X, Fu Y, He N, Ruan G, Wang Q, Gao W, Fang L. Impact of nitrite exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidative-related genes responses in the gills of Procambarus clarkii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:624-630. [PMID: 36330872 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is the major environmental pollutant in the freshwater aquaculture environment, which has a negative impact on aquatic species growth. Currently, we know that the main way nitrite enters crustaceans is through their gills. In this study, a total of 96 h acute nitrite stress (60 mg/L) experiments were conducted, and the impact of the serum biochemical parameters, gill oxidase activity and oxidative-related gene expression of red swamp crayfish were evaluated. After exposure to nitrite for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h, hemolymph and gills samples were taken at each time point. In the serum, acute nitrite stress significantly increased glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities after 6 h of exposure, decreased total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) levels after 24 h and 48 h of exposure, respectively. In the gills, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were enhanced to the maximum level at 12 h, 24 h and 24 h, respectively. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) were increased significantly after 12 h and 24 h exposure, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of antioxidative-related genes, including hsp70, fer and mt, were significantly upregulated in the gills after 6 h of exposure. The results indicated that acute nitrite stress changed the serum physiological status, induced oxidative stress and caused damage to gill cells in P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Li
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Shengxuan Li
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Xiaoze Guo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Yunyin Fu
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Naijuan He
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Liu Fang
- The Innovative Technology Research Center of Crayfish Breeding and Healthy Farming, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China.
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Yang S, Luo J, Huang Y, Yuan Y, Cai S. Effect of sub-lethal ammonia and nitrite stress on autophagy and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeusvannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 130:72-78. [PMID: 36089224 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by ammonia and nitrite, affect the health and growth of aquaculture animals, results in oxidative damages. However, the toxic mechanism and pathogenesis of ammonia and nitrite to aquatic invertebrates are not completely clear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sub-lethal ammonia and nitrite on autophagy and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps were exposed to sub-lethal ammonia (20 mg/L) and nitrite (20 mg/L) for 72 h, respectively. Hepatopancreas was collected for investigating the autophagy and apoptosis under stress conditions. The results showed that ammonia stress could induce up-regulated of autophagy (ATG3, ATG4, ATG10 and ATG12) and apoptosis (Caspase3 and P53) genes transcription. Nitrite stress could also induce up-regulated of autophagy (ATG3, ATG4, ATG5 and ATG10) and apoptosis (Caspase3) genes transcription. The expression of the autophagy related genes increased at first and then decreased with increasing exposure time. The atrophy, lysis, vacuolation of cell and other tissue damages in hepatopancreas were observed after 72h exposure to ammonia and nitrite. The results indicated that ammonia and nitrite stress could induce autophagy and apoptosis, and results in oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Yang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junliang Luo
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yunhao Yuan
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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10
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Liu Y, Wang H, Wu L, Han J, Sui B, Meng L, Xu Y, Lu S, Wang H, Peng J. Intestinal changes associated with nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans larvae: Histological damage, immune response, and microbiota dysbiosis. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 249:106228. [PMID: 35751941 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a ubiquitous toxic compound in aquatic ecosystems and has negative effects on aquatic organisms. The intestine and the trillions of microbes that inhabit it, play an integral role in maintaining digestive and immune functions. However, the effects of nitrite on intestinal health and microflora have been poorly investigated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the response of intestinal histology, immunity, digestive enzyme activities and microbiota to nitrite exposure in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. The results showed that nitrite caused damage to the intestine and impaired digestive performance. Significant changes in the transcriptional profiles of genes involved in oxidative stress (sod, gpx and hsp), inflammation, and immunity (socs3, il-27, il-1β and il-17d) were observed in the NO2-N treatment groups. In addition, exposure to nitrite induced alterations of intestinal microbial diversity, structure and composition, suggesting that nitrite may lead to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is noteworthy that probiotics (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria) were decreased after exposure to nitrite, whereas potentially opportunistic pathogens such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were elevated. Functional prediction and correlation analysis suggested that the above changes may interfere with metabolic function and trigger various diseases. Taken together, we concluded that nitrite exposure induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which may lead to immune dysfunction and metabolic disorder, and ultimately to histological damages in B. gargarizans. Further, this study will provide a scientific basis for further understanding the risk of nitrite pollution on the intestinal health of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Liu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hemei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Baoying Sui
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingna Meng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yunxuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Siwen Lu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jufang Peng
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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11
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Picetti R, Deeney M, Pastorino S, Miller MR, Shah A, Leon DA, Dangour AD, Green R. Nitrate and nitrite contamination in drinking water and cancer risk: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Environ Res 2022; 210:112988. [PMID: 35217009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollution of water sources, largely from wide-scale agricultural fertilizer use has resulted in nitrate and nitrite contamination of drinking water. The effects on human health of raised nitrate and nitrite levels in drinking water are currently unclear. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on the association of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water with human health with a specific focus on cancer. METHODS We searched eight databases from 1 January 1990 until 28 February 2021. Meta-analyses were conducted when studies had the same exposure metric and outcome. RESULTS Of 9835 studies identified in the literature search, we found 111 studies reporting health outcomes, 60 of which reported cancer outcomes (38 case-control studies; 12 cohort studies; 10 other study designs). Most studies were set in the USA (24), Europe (20) and Taiwan (14), with only 3 studies from low and middle-income countries. Nitrate exposure in water (59 studies) was more commonly investigated than nitrite exposure (4 studies). Colorectal (15 studies) and gastric (13 studies) cancers were the most reported. In meta-analyses (4 studies) we identified a positive association of nitrate exposure with gastric cancer, OR = 1.91 (95%CI = 1.09-3.33) per 10 mg/L increment in nitrate ion. We found no association of nitrate exposure with colorectal cancer (10 studies; OR = 1.02 [95%CI = 0.96-1.08]) or cancers at any other site. CONCLUSIONS We identified an association of nitrate in drinking water with gastric cancer but with no other cancer site. There is currently a paucity of robust studies from settings with high levels nitrate pollution in drinking water. Research into this area will be valuable to ascertain the true health burden of nitrate contamination of water and the need for public policies to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Picetti
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Megan Deeney
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Silvia Pastorino
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Anoop Shah
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - David A Leon
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alan D Dangour
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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12
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Baker JA, Matheson G, Gilron G, DeForest DK. Evaluation of Sublethal Toxicity of Nitrite to a Suite of Aquatic Organisms in Support of the Derivation of a Chronic Environmental Water Quality Benchmark. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 83:1-12. [PMID: 35763043 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a naturally-occurring inorganic compound that occurs in aquatic environments as an intermediary between nitrate and ammonia in the nitrogen cycle. It is a contaminant of potential concern resulting from anthropogenic activities in some cases. While the acute toxicity of nitrite has been characterized in previous studies, its sublethal toxicity is less understood. To determine the sublethal toxicity of nitrite on freshwater organisms, a suite of organisms was tested including: two salmonids (Oncorhynchus mykiss and O. kisutch), an alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), an aquatic macrophyte (Lemna minor), and three invertebrates (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Chironomus dilutus, and Neocloeon triangulifer). Test organisms were exposed to nitrite concentrations ranging between 0.02 and 1.28 mg/L nitrite (NO2-N). The toxicity tests were conducted according to procedures specified in standardized methods, allowing for the estimation of multiple endpoints for each test species. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were generated using endpoints from the toxicity testing results, as well as data from previous studies, from which water chemistry approximated that used in the tests (i.e., < 5 mg/L chloride, an important toxicity-modifying factor for nitrite). The mayfly, N. triangulifer, was the most sensitive species, followed by the two salmonids (which represented the second and third most sensitive species), although they were not as sensitive to nitrite exposure as reported in previous studies. The fifth percentile hazard concentration (HC5) generated from the SSD could be used for derivation of regulatory benchmarks and threshold values for site-specific aquatic risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham Matheson
- Borealis Environmental Consulting, Inc, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guy Gilron
- Borealis Environmental Consulting, Inc, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
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13
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Zhang TT, Ma P, Yin XY, Yang DY, Li DP, Tang R. Acute Nitrite Exposure Induces Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Grass Carp Isolated Hemocytes. J Aquat Anim Health 2022; 34:58-68. [PMID: 35199889 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of nitrite on the oxidative damage of blood cells of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, the isolated hemocytes were exposed to nitrite (0, 1, 10, or 100 mg/L) for up to 24 h. Hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) concentrations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), and antioxidant enzyme activity were assayed to assess hematological parameters and the antioxidant defense mechanism. Results showed a remarkable decrease in Hb concentration with increasing nitrite concentration after a 24-h exposure, while the MetHb concentration increased significantly in nitrite exposure groups. The levels of ROS, ∆Ψm, and MDA increased to varying degrees with increases in nitrite exposure concentration and time. The total antioxidant capacity, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and glutathione content showed a trend of rising initially and then decreasing with prolonged exposure time. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the 1-mg/L nitrite exposure group and lower in the 100-mg/L group than in the control. The relative messenger RNA expression ratios of cat, sod1, and gpx were up-regulated significantly in the 1- and 10-mg/L groups and then declined in the 100-mg/L group. Therefore, it can be concluded that nitrite exposure activates the antioxidant defense mechanism of Grass Carp hemocytes and that the balance of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis will be undermined by higher nitrite doses or longer exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Pin Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Ye Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Da-Peng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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14
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Xiao J, Luo SS, Du JH, Liu QY, Huang Y, Wang WF, Chen XL, Chen XH, Liu H, Zhou XY, Zhao YZ, Wang HL. Transcriptomic analysis of gills in nitrite-tolerant and -sensitive families of Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 253:109212. [PMID: 34748971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite stress is a major environmental factor that limits aquatic animal growth, reproduction and survival. Even so, some shrimps still can withstand somewhat high concentrations of nitrite environment. However, few studies have been conducted about the tolerance molecular mechanism of Litopenaeus vannamei in the high concentration nitrite. To identify the genes and pathways involved in the regulation of nitrite tolerance, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis in the L. vannamei nitrite-tolerant (NT) and nitrite-sensitive (NS) families, and untreated shrimps were used as the control group. After 24 h of nitrite exposure (NaNO2, 112.5 mg/L), a total of 1521 and 868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from NT compared with NS and control group, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that most of these DEGs were involved in immune defense, energy metabolism processes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. During nitrite stress, energy metabolism in NT was significantly enhanced by activating the related genes expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Meanwhile, some DEGs involved in innate immunity- related genes and pathways, and ER stress responses also were highly expressed in NT. Therefore, we speculate that accelerated energy metabolism, higher expression of immunity and ER related genes might be the important adaptive strategies for NT in relative to NS under nitrite stress. These results will provide new insights on the potential tolerant molecular mechanisms and the breeding of new varieties of nitrite tolerant L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Luo
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing-Hao Du
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing-Yun Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Huang
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Li Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hong Liu
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhou
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Huan-Ling Wang
- key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Yang L, Guo H, Kuang Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Tang R, Li D, Li L. Neurotoxicity induced by combined exposure of microcystin-LR and nitrite in male zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects of oxidant-antioxidant system and neurotransmitter system. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 253:109248. [PMID: 34826614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With the intensification of water eutrophication around the world, cyanobacterial blooms have been becoming a common environmental pollution problem. The levels of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and nitrite rise sharply during the cyanobacterial bloom period, which may have potential joint toxicity on aquatic organisms. In this study, adult male zebrafish were immersed into different joint solutions of MC-LR (0, 3, 30 μg/L) and nitrite (0, 2, 20 mg/L) for 30 days to explore the neurotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms. The results showed that single factor MC-LR or nitrite caused a concentration-dependent damage in brain ultrastructure and the effects of their joint exposure were much more intense. Downregulated expression of mbp and bdnf associated with myelination of nerve fibers further confirmed that MC-LR and nitrite could damage the structure and function of neuron. The decreases in dopamine content, acetylcholinesterase activity and related gene mRNA levels indicated that MC-LR and nitrite adversely affected the normal function of the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in zebrafish brain. In addition, the significant increase in malondialdehyde content suggested the occurrence of oxidative stress caused by MC-LR, nitrite and their joint-exposure, which paralleled a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme‑manganese superoxide dismutase activity and its transcription level. In conclusion, MC-LR + Nitrite joint-exposure has synergistic neurotoxic effects on the structure and neurotransmitter systems of fish brain, and antioxidant capacity disruption caused by these two factors might be one of the underlying synergistic mechanisms. Therefore, there is a risk of being induced neurotoxicity in fish during sustained cyanobacterial bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Honghui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Kuang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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16
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Liang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu R, Qi J, Lin Y, Zhang T, Jiang Q. Use of physiological activities to estimate the population growth of rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) under the stress of toxic Microcystis and nitrite. Chemosphere 2021; 285:131419. [PMID: 34246096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis blooms disrupt aquatic systems and adversely affect zooplankton growth. Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas (rotifer) was introduced to different combinations of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (0, 2 × 105, 2 × 106, and 2 × 107 cells mL-1) and nitrite (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg L-1) to evaluate their physiological activities and population growth under stress. Survival rate (S), population growth rate (r), grazing rate (G), antioxidant response, and metabolic and digestive enzyme activities were determined. Results revealed that G declined with the increasing nitrite doses and grazing time upon exposure to a certain Microcystis concentration. Toxic M. aeruginosa and nitrite inhibited the S, r, glutathione content, total antioxidant capacity level, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, xanthine oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cellulase (p < 0.05) but increased the reactive oxygen species level, malondialdehyde content, and amylase activity (p < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and pepsase were also increased in single low doses of nitrite solutions (p < 0.05). Therefore, the grazing intensity of rotifers affected B. calyciflorus physiological activities, which are useful in the estimation of its population growth in eutrophic water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, No. 178 Daxue Road, 361005, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yishan Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Jun Qi
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Yangjie Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, PR China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, PR China
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17
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Verdu S, Perez AJ, Carrascosa C, Barat JM, Talens P, Grau R. Caenorhabditis elegans to Model the Capacity of Ascorbic Acid to Reduce Acute Nitrite Toxicity under Different Feed Conditions: Multivariate Analytics on Behavioral Imaging. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2068. [PMID: 33672539 PMCID: PMC7923789 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrocompounds are present in the environment and human diet and form part of vegetables and processed meat products as additives. These compounds are related to negative impacts on human and animal health. The protective effect of ascorbic acid has been demonstrated by some biological systems as regards several nitrocompounds. This work focused on studying the possibility of modeling this effect on nitrite toxicity with the model Caenorhabditis elegans. The three factors studied in this work were ascorbic acid concentration, nitrite exposure concentration, and presence/absence of food. The protective effect was evaluated by scoring lethality and its impact on behavior by means of multivariate statistical methods and imaging analytics. The effects of nitrite and the influence of food availability were evidenced. Apart from increasing lethality, nitrite had disruption effects on movements. All the observed symptoms reduced when ascorbic acid was administered, and it diminished lethality in all cases. Ascorbic acid maintained nematodes' postural capacities. The results suggest that nitrites' nonspecific toxicity in C. elegans can be mitigated by ascorbic acid, as previously evidenced in other biological systems. Thus, our results reveal the ability of C. elegans to reproduce the known protective effect of ascorbic acid against nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Verdu
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Alberto J. Perez
- Departamento de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - José M. Barat
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Pau Talens
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Raúl Grau
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.B.); (P.T.); (R.G.)
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18
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Zhou T, Liu J, Chan S, Wang W. Molecular characterization and expression dynamics of three key genes in the PI3K-AKT pathway reveal its involvement in the immunotoxicological responses of the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii to acute ammonia and nitrite stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111767. [PMID: 33396085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are two common forms of environmental toxicants for aquatic organisms including crustaceans. The PI3K-AKT pathway is an important intracellular signaling pathway related to cellular stress response, but involvement of this pathway in the immunotoxicological response of decapod crustaceans to aquatic toxicants such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite still remains enigmatic. In this study, based on transcriptome mining and molecular cloning techniques, three key genes (named as MrPI3K, MrAKT and MrFoxO) in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were identified from the giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the three genes harbored signature sequences of corresponding protein families, and shared high levels of similarities with their respective homologs from other species. MrPI3K, MrAKT and MrFoxO all displayed ubiquitous tissue distribution profiles, but their expression levels varied to a great extend among different tissues and between sexes. Following exposure to nitrite (20 mg/L nitrite-N) or ammonia (25 mg/L total ammonia-N) stresses for 24 h and 48 h, the three genes all responded by altering their expression levels at different time points, but they didn't show uniform expression patterns following these stresses, indicating the diversified roles of these genes in different tissues and the complexity of this signaling pathway. Remarkably, MrPI3K and MrAKT were induced only in the hemocytes and intestine, respectively, indicating their specific roles in these organs. Our study demonstrated the potential utility of these genes as biomarkers of acute ammonia or nitrite toxicity in prawns, and also provided evidence that the PI3K-AKT pathway is involved in the immunotoxicological responses to nitrite and ammonia stress in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Siuming Chan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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19
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Zhang M, Yin X, Li M, Wang R, Qian Y, Hong M. Effect of nitrite exposure on haematological status, oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108867. [PMID: 32791252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite can cause fishes poisoning. This study evaluated the effects of nitrite exposure on haematological status, ion concentration, antioxidant enzyme activity, immune response, cytokine release and apoptosis in yellow catfish. In this study, yellow catfish were exposed to three levels of nitrite (0, 3.00 and 30.00 mg L-1) for 96 h. The results showed that nitrite poisoning could lead to blood deterioration (red blood cell and hemoglobin reduced; white blood cell and methemoglobin elevated), ion imbalance (Na+ and Cl- declined; K+ elevated), oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities declined; malondialdehyde accumulation), immunosuppression (lysozyme activity, 50% hemolytic complement, immunoglobulin M, respiratory burst and phagocytic index declined) and cytokines release (TNF, IL 1 and IL 8 elevated). In addition, nitrite poisoning could induce up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT and GPx), cytokines (TNF, IL 1 and IL 8) and apoptosis (P53, Bax, Cytochrome c, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, ERK and JNK) genes transcription. This study suggesting that the nitrite exposure triggers blood deterioration, disrupts the ionic homeostasis, induces oxidative stress, immunosuppression, inflammation and apoptosis in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- Zhoushan Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yunxia Qian
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
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20
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Daam MA, Ilha P, Schiesari L. Acute toxicity of inorganic nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate and nitrite) to tadpoles of five tropical amphibian species. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:1516-1521. [PMID: 32638180 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the higher diversity of amphibians and the increasing use of agrochemicals in tropical countries, knowledge on the ecotoxicity of such compounds to tropical amphibians remains very limited. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the acute lethal toxicity of three nitrogen salts (ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite) to tadpoles of five tropical frog species: Rhinella ornata, Boana faber, B. pardalis, Physalaemus cuvieri, and P. olfersii. The order of sensitivity to the nitrogen salts for all five species was sodium nitrite > ammonium sulphate > sodium nitrate. There was not a single most sensitive species to all three nitrogen salts. However, differences in generated 4-d LC50 values between the most and least sensitive test species were small (a factor 2 to 6). A comparison with published toxicity values does not suggest an intrinsic higher, or lower, sensitivity of the tropical species tested as compared to their temperate counterparts. Reported nitrogen concentrations in sugarcane fields do not indicate a lethal risk to the amphibian species tested. Chronic-exposure and field studies are recommended to evaluate amphibian sensitivity under environmental-realistic multiple-stressor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, 2829-516, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Ilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Schiesari
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio, no. 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
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21
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Valencia-Castañeda G, Frías-Espericueta MG, Vanegas-Pérez RC, Chávez-Sánchez MC, Páez-Osuna F. Physiological changes in the hemolymph of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to sublethal nitrite and nitrate stress in low-salinity waters. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103472. [PMID: 32822850 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (3.3 ± 0.4 g) were exposed separately to nitrite (0.0, 1.1, 2.6, and 5.3 mg/L nitrogen as nitrite [NO2--N]) and nitrate (0, 90, 225 and 400 mg/L nitrogen as nitrate [NO3--N]) concentrations equivalent to 0, 10, 25, and 50% of the LC50-96 h value of NO2--N and NO3--N in low salinity water (3 g/L). Shrimps responded to nitrite and nitrate according to changes in oxyhemocyanin, glucose, lactate and ion levels in the hemolymph after 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure. Oxyhemocyanin levels decreased with increasing nitrite and nitrate levels and were higher at 50% exposure to the contaminants. Compared to the control, glucose and lactate increased significantly at 50% exposure to nitrite and nitrate, particularly at 12 and 24 h. Na+ in the hemolymph changed with nitrite and nitrate, while K+ only changed ˜with nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth C Vanegas-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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22
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Seo JS, Haque MN, Nam SE, Kim BM, Rhee JS. Inorganic nitrogen compounds reduce immunity and induce oxidative stress in red seabream. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104:237-244. [PMID: 32497726 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of ammonia derived from different stocking densities on immunological, hematological, and oxidative stress parameters was analyzed in the blood or liver of red seabream. Density- and time-dependent increases in inorganic nitrogen compounds were measured for 20 days by analyzing the three major inorganic nitrogen compounds, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen. Three immunity parameters, alternative complement activity, lysozyme activity, and total immunoglobulin content were significantly decreased in the blood at the highest stocking density (10 kg m-3). The concentrations of hemoglobin and white blood cells were significantly decreased at 10 kg m-3, while there was no significant change in red blood cells. The significant increases in cortisol level and the enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase at 10 kg m-3 clearly supported inorganic nitrogen compounds-triggered stress. A significant elevation of lipid peroxidation value and depletion of intracellular glutathione were observed at 5 and/or 10 kg m-3 in the liver tissue. The hepatic enzymatic activities of antioxidant defense enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase were also significantly increased. When a protein skimmer removes the inorganic nitrogen compounds at the highest density, most parameters showed no significant change. Taken together, these results suggest that accumulated inorganic nitrogen compounds at the highest stocking density inhibit innate immunity and induce oxidative stress in red seabream. This information will be helpful to maintain homeostasis of red seabream by controlling immunity and oxidative status through inorganic nitrogen compounds removal in intensive culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Seo
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong, 39768, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Niamul Haque
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Environmental Research Center, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Soares MP, Machado AL, Hayd L, Soares A, Domingues I. Effects of pH and nitrites on the toxicity of a cypermethrin-based pesticide to zebrafish embryos. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 76:103351. [PMID: 32062415 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical and chemical water parameters have an important role on the toxicity of environmental contaminants by affecting their degradation, transformation and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pH and nitrite variation on the toxicity of the cypermethrin based pesticide Barrage®. Zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) were exposed to a combination of pH or nitrite and cypermethrin through the Barrage® formulation for 96 h and lethal and developmental endpoints assessed. Concerning mortality, pH seemed to increase Barrage® toxicity, while nitrite concentrations tested did not seem to change Barrage® lethality. At sublethal level, either for combinations involving pH or nitrites, results suggested some interactive effects of environmental and chemical factors, highlighting the need of further research. This work suggests that sublethal endpoints should be included in the assessment of combined effects of compounds given that they can provide important information not obtained through lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Pereira Soares
- State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Animal Science Graduate Program, Aquidauana-UEMS Km 12, 79200-000, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Machado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Liliam Hayd
- State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Animal Science Graduate Program, Aquidauana-UEMS Km 12, 79200-000, Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Amadeu Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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24
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Kim JH, Kim SK, Hur YB. Toxic effects of waterborne nitrite exposure on antioxidant responses, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and immune responses in olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus, reared in bio-floc and seawater. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:581-586. [PMID: 31866446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight, 280.1 ± 10.5 g; mean length, 28.37 ± 2.3 cm) was reared in bio-floc and seawater for 6 months to determine the toxic effects of waterborne nitrite exposure (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L) for 1 week, compared to those observed with bio-floc and seawater only. The effects on antioxidant activity, immune responses, and acetylcholinesterase activity were measured. Following nitrite exposure, superoxide dismutase activity in the liver and gills was significantly elevated and catalase activity was significantly increased, except for in the gills of P. olivaceus reared in bio-floc. Further, glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly elevated in the liver and gills, and glutathione was significantly lower. Meanwhile, acetylcholinesterase activity in the liver and gills was significantly inhibited and plasma lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin M were considerably elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea.
| | - Su Kyoung Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea
| | - Young Baek Hur
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea
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25
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Gao XQ, Fei F, Huo HH, Huang B, Meng XS, Zhang T, Liu BL. Effect of acute exposure to nitrite on physiological parameters, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in Takifugu rubripes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109878. [PMID: 31704330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of nitrite exposure on hematological parameters, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in juvenile Takifugu rubripes. The fish were exposed to nitrite (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM) for up to 96 h. In the high nitrite concentration groups (i.e., 3 and 6 mM), the concentrations of methemoglobin (MetHb), cortisol, glucose, heat shock protein (Hsp)-70, Hsp-90, and potassium (K+) were significantly elevated. Whereas, the concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions were significantly decreased. Compared with those of the control groups, the concentrations of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the gills were considerably elevated at 12 and 24 h after exposure to nitrite (1, 3, and 6 mM), but reduced at 48 and 96 h. The increase in the antioxidant enzymes may contribute to the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by nitrite during early nitrite exposure, when the antioxidant system is not sufficiently effective to eliminate or neutralize excessive ROS. In addition, we found that nitrite exposure could alter the expression patterns of some key apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, p53, Bax, and Bcl-2). This indicated that the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and p53-Bax-Bcl-2 pathway might be involved in apoptosis induced by nitrite exposure. Furthermore, our study provides insights into how acute nitrite exposure affects the physiological responses and potential molecular mechanism of apoptosis in marine fish. The results can help elucidate the mechanisms involved in nitrite-induced aquatic toxicology in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Song Meng
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Lin YJ, Cheng CJ, Chen JW, Lin Z. Incorporating Exogenous and Endogenous Exposures into Dietary Risk Assessment of Nitrates and Nitrites in Vegetables: A Probabilistic Integrated Toxicokinetic Modeling Approach. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:1079-1090. [PMID: 31885263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the dietary risk of nitrates and nitrites in vegetables based on internal dose in a probabilistic manner by integrating exogenous exposure based on measured concentrations in vegetables with endogenous exposure using a toxicokinetic (TK) model. We optimized and validated a previous TK model and incorporated Monte Carlo simulations to account for variability across different age populations for predicting internal dose. High levels of nitrates were detected in leafy vegetables (from 545 ± 274 to 1641 ± 873 mg/kg). Nitrite contents of vegetables were generally low (from 1.26 ± 1.40 to 8.20 ± 14.1 mg/kg). The dietary risk was found to be different based on internal versus external dose, suggesting that it is critical to include endogenous nitrite formation into risk assessment. Nitrate and nitrite exposure from vegetables is unlikely to result in appreciable risks for most populations but may be a potential risk for preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 11221 , Taiwan
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , 1800 Denison Avenue, P200 Mosier Hall , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Cheng-Jih Cheng
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 11221 , Taiwan
| | - Jein-Wen Chen
- Super Micro Mass Research & Technology Center , Cheng Shiu University , Kaohsiung 83347 , Taiwan
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kansas State University , 1800 Denison Avenue, P200 Mosier Hall , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
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27
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Guo K, Ruan G, Fan W, Fang L, Wang Q, Luo M, Yi T. The effect of nitrite and sulfide on the antioxidant capacity and microbial composition of the intestines of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 96:290-296. [PMID: 31765791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite and sulfide are harmful pollutants in water ecosystems that negatively influence the survival and growth of crayfish. It is currently known that the intestine of crustaceans acts as a significant immune organ, serving as the front line of defense against diseases. In this study, we investigated how the oxidative damage parameters, antioxidant status and microbial composition of the intestine of Procambarus clarkii were influenced under acute nitrite (60 mg/L) and sulfide (18 mg/L) stress for 72 h. Compared with the control, after exposure to nitrite and sulfide stress, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the lipid peroxide and malondialdehyde contents increased in the intestines and were significantly higher after 72 h of exposure. The superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased to maximum levels at 6, 24 and 12 h, respectively. These activities then decreased gradually and were significantly lower than those of the control after 48 or 72 h of exposure. In the crayfish exposed to stress, the expression of antioxidant genes including heat shock protein 70, ferritin and metallothionein increased to their maximum values at 12, 48 and 12 h, respectively. The expression levels then decreased gradually, and after 72 h, were lower than, or lacked significant differences with, the expression levels in the control. Additionally, nitrite and sulfide exposure restructured the intestinal microbial community of P. clarkii. This led to decreases in the abundance of some genera such as Citrobacter. However, the abundance of other genera, such as Shewanella and Acinetobacter, increased. Therefore, the health of P. clarkii was seriously impaired when exposed to nitrite and sulfide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China.
| | - Wenhao Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Mingzhong Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Tilin Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
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28
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Pérez-Ramírez JA, Frías-Espericueta MG, Valencia-Castañeda G, Páez-Osuna F. Copper in Cultured Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Reduction in Hepatopancreas After Exposure to Sublethal Nitrite Levels. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:78-83. [PMID: 31796979 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research was to evaluate the load and mobility of Cu in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei after exposure (48 h) to sublethal concentration of nitrite (5.3 mg/L NO2--N) at a salinity of 3.0 g/L. The hypothesis is that such exposure causes a Cu mobility in the tissues of shrimp. The Cu concentration in exoskeleton, hepatopancreas, muscle and hemolymph in the control group were 38.9 ± 3.0, 2478 ± 256, 11.9 ± 0.2 µg/g (dw) and 95.4 ± 19.1 µg/mL, while in the nitrite exposure, were 46.0 ± 0.1, 1546 ± 173, 11.3 ± 0.3 µg/g (dw) and 118.2 ± 10.5 µg/mL, respectively. Only hepatopancreas exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction (37.6%) between the control and the nitrite exposure. This is evidence that nitrite has a significant effect on Cu accumulation in hepatopancreas when shrimp are exposed to sublethal levels in a salinity of 3 g/L. Results confirm the hypothesis that Cu mobility was only significant in hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Pérez-Ramírez
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Martín G Frías-Espericueta
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gladys Valencia-Castañeda
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
- Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 poniente, Centro, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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29
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Cheng CH, Su YL, Ma HL, Deng YQ, Feng J, Chen XL, Jie YK, Guo ZX. Effect of nitrite exposure on oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Chemosphere 2020; 239:124668. [PMID: 31494325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is one of major environmental pollutants that can impact immunological parameters in aquatic organisms. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nitrite exposure on oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Mud crab were exposed to 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1 nitrite for 72 h. These data showed that acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity significantly decreased in treatments with various concentrations of nitrite (5, 10 and 15 mg L-1) after 24 and 48 h, while the levels of nitric oxide (NO) significantly increased in these treatments. Nitrite exposure could suppress superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and increase the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) after 48 and 72 h of exposure. In addition, nitrite exposure decreased total haemocyte counts after 48 and 72 h of exposure. Cytological damage, DNA damage and apoptosis was observed obviously at 72 h after nitrite exposure. Moreover, nitrite exposure significantly induced the mRNA levels of phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and eventually activated p53 signaling and caspase-3. These results indicated that nitrite exposure could induce oxidative stress, which further caused DNA damage and apoptosis in mud crab. Our results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of nitrite toxicity on crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - You-Lu Su
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Yi-Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Jie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China.
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30
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Gao XQ, Fei F, Huo HH, Huang B, Meng XS, Zhang T, Liu BL. Impact of nitrite exposure on plasma biochemical parameters and immune-related responses in Takifugu rubripes. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 218:105362. [PMID: 31783303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a major environmental pollutant in aquatic environments that negatively affects aquatic species. In this study, we investigated the impact of nitrite exposure on plasma biochemical parameters and immune responses in Takifugu rubripes. Fish were exposed to various concentrations of nitrite (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM) for 96 h. After 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h of exposure, fish blood samples were collected to assay the levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), complement C3 (C3), complement C4 (C4), immunoglobulin (IgM), and lysozyme activity (LZM). The gills were sampled to analyze the mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α), B-cell activating factor (baff), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interleukin-12 (il-12). Levels of GOT, ALT, C3, and C4 were significantly enhanced in the high nitrite concentration group (3 and 6 mM), whereas those of TP, Alb, LZM, and IgM decreased significantly with the same treatments. Nitrite significantly upregulated hsp70, hsp90, tnf-α, il-6, il-12, and baff mRNA levels after 96 h of exposure. These results indicated that nitrite exposure altered the blood physiological status and immune system response, resulting in dysfunction and immunotoxicity in T. rubripes. Furthermore, our results reveal the possible mechanism of aquatic-nitrite-induced toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Song Meng
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
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Li ZS, Ma S, Shan HW, Wang T, Xiao W. Responses of hemocyanin and energy metabolism to acute nitrite stress in juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 186:109753. [PMID: 31604159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a common toxic substance in culture systems of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the stress may disturb hemocyanin synthesis and energy metabolism and result in shrimp death. In the present study, nitrite at concentrations of 0 (control), 3.3 (46.2 NO2-N mg/L), 6.6 (92.4) and 9.9 mM (138.6) was used to evaluate the responses of hemocyanin level and energy metabolism in L. vannamei (5.80 ± 0.44 cm, 1.88 ± 0.38 g) for 96 h. The mortality rate at 96 h increased with nitrite concentration (50% at 9.9 mM, 40% at 6.6 mM, 30% at 3.3 mM, and 10% at 0 mM). In general, HIF-1α and hemocyanin mRNA expression in the nitrite stress groups was upregulated from 6 to 12 h and downregulated from 24 to 96 h. In the hemolymph, nitrite levels were significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and exposure to nitrite stress significantly decreased the oxyhemocyanin content from 24 to 96 h. The glucose and lactate levels in the hemolymph in the nitrite stress groups were higher than those in the control group from 12 to 96 h. Compared with the control group, the shrimp in the nitrite stress groups exhibited decreased glycogen concentrations in the hepatopancreas. The triglyceride (TG) levels in the nitrite stress groups were all higher than those in the control group from 48 to 96 h. The hexokinase (HK) activity in the hepatopancreas and muscle increased in the nitrite stress groups from 48 to 96 h. In general, nitrite stress enhanced the activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in muscle from 24 to 96 h. In addition, nitrite stress decreased the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) from 24 to 96 h in the hepatopancreas and muscle. This study indicates that exposure to nitrite stress can enhance the accumulation of nitrite in the hemolymph and then reduce oxygenation and hemocyanin synthesis, leading to tissue hypoxia and thereby resulting in accelerated anaerobic metabolism and the inhibition of aerobic metabolism. The effects of nitrite stress on hemocyanin synthesis and energy metabolism may be one of the reasons for the mortality of L. vannamei in culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - S Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - H W Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - T Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - W Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Lv J, Cao T, Ji C, Cong M, Zhao J, Wu H. Digital gene expression analysis in the gills of Ruditapes philippinarum after nitrite exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 184:109661. [PMID: 31520948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the overload of pollutants from highly intensive anthropic activities, nitrite accumulates in offshore seawater and has been a long-lasting pollutant to the healthy aquaculture of the mollusk. In the present study, Ruditapes philippinarum was used as the target bivalve to receive nitrite exposure at environmental concentration for 1 and 7 days. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and analyzed by a digital gene expression (DGE) approach to describe the toxicity of nitrite on the bivalve at the gene level. In the N1 group, 185 DEGs were generated and enriched in six Gene Ontology (GO) terms, including oxidoreductase activity, heme binding, tetrapyrrole binding, iron ion binding, metal binding and cation binding. The DEGs in the N1 group were also enriched in two Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, e.g., arachidonic acid metabolism and ovarian steroidogenesis. In the N7 group, 81 DEGs were generated without any GO enrichment but were enriched in five KEGG pathways, including protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, protein export, prion diseases, thyroid hormone synthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism. This suggested that nitrite exposure might cause adverse effects to the clams in several aspects, including oxidative damage, depressed immunity, and disorders in cell proliferation, hormone metabolism and tissue regeneration. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicated that nitrite exposure actually induced redox state imbalance by enhancing the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) and glutathione (GSH), and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) but not superoxide dismutase (SOD). These results will provide valuable gene references for further study on the toxicology mechanism of bivalves under environmental nitrite stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasen Lv
- Biology School of Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Tengfei Cao
- Biology School of Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Ming Cong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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Gao XQ, Fei F, Huo HH, Huang B, Meng XS, Zhang T, Liu WB, Liu BL. Exposure to nitrite alters thyroid hormone levels and morphology in Takifugu rubripes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108578. [PMID: 31374293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2-) can act as a toxic nitrogenous compound with the potential to disrupt endocrine systems in fish. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nitrite on the thyroid endocrine system of Takifugu rubripes. Fish were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM nitrite concentrations. Blood was collected to assay the concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and 3,3,5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), as well as the activity of iodothyronine deiodinases (Dio1, Dio2, and Dio3,) after 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h of exposure to nitrite. The first branchial arch to the third branchial arch of T. rubripes were sampled and fixed, and thyroid morphology was observed. The results showed that exposure to nitrite significantly increased the concentrations of TSH, T3, FT3, and reduced the concentrations of T4, FT4, and rT3. The activity of Dio1 and Dio2 increased significantly, whereas Dio3 activity decreased significantly. Additionally, thyroid follicles degenerated and became blurred and most colloid material disappeared 96 h after exposure to high nitrite concentrations. Based on these results, high nitrite concentration exposure can disturb thyroid hormone homeostasis, alter thyroid follicle morphology, and result in thyroid endocrine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Aquacultural Engineering R&D Team, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology,Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang 330045,People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Song Meng
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Aquatic products bureau of Leting county, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Bin Liu
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071,China.
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Rajaji U, Manavalan S, Chen SM, Chinnapaiyan S, Chen TW, Jothi Ramalingam R. Facile synthesis and characterization of erbium oxide (Er 2O 3) nanospheres embellished on reduced graphene oxide nanomatrix for trace-level detection of a hazardous pollutant causing Methemoglobinaemia. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 56:422-429. [PMID: 31101280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nanomaterials have received enormous attention in the catalysis applications. Particularly, we have focused on the fabrication of nanocomposite for an electrochemical sensor with improved electrocatalytic performance. Herein, a rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of nitrite is essential for assessing the risks facing ecosystems in environment. We report a simple and robust ultrasonic-assisted synthetical route via prepared Er2O3 nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (Er2O3 NPs@RGO) modified electrode for nitrite detection. The composition and morphological formation were characterized by XRD, XPS, FESEM, and HRTEM. The amperometric (i-t) and cyclic voltammetry were exhibits tremendous electrocatalytic capability and superior performance toward nitrite oxidation. A sensitive and reproducible amperometric nitrite sensor was fabricated which able to detect trace concentration as 3.69 nM and excellent sensitivity (24.17 µA µM-1 cm-2). The method worked well even in cured meat and water samples and the results has indicates the reliability of the method in real-time analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umamaheswari Rajaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shaktivel Manavalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Sathishkumar Chinnapaiyan
- International Master Program in Mechanical and Automation Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - R Jothi Ramalingam
- Surfactant Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang W, Li J, Chen Y, Si Q, Tian J, Jiang Q, Yang J. Exposure time relevance of response to nitrite exposure: Insight from transcriptional responses of immune and antioxidant defense in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 214:105262. [PMID: 31351400 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the toxic effects of nitrite exposure on crayfish, expression of genes involved in the immune system, the antioxidant defense, and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was measured after 12, 24, and 48 h of different nitrite concentrations exposure in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes of Procambarus clarkii. Nitrite exposure up-regulated mRNA levels of cytoplasmic Mn superoxide dismutase (cMn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), after 24 h nitrite exposure. At 48 h, nitrite exposure decreased the mRNA levels of mitochondrial MnSOD (mMn-SOD), CAT, and GPx. High concentrations of nitrite at 48 h of exposure decreased expression of β-1,3-glucan-bingding protein in the hepatopancreas, and lysozyme expression in hemocytes. Nitrite exposure caused little effect on the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in hemocytes. Through overall clustering analysis, we found that 24 h of nitrite exposure caused stronger transcriptional responses. Our study indicated that the response of P. clarkii to acute nitrite exposure was exposure time-dependent. These results will help to understand the dynamic response pattern of crustaceans to nitrite pollution, and improve our understanding of the toxicological mechanisms of nitrite in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province. 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, PR China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Youming Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province. 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, PR China
| | - Qin Si
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jian Tian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province. 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, PR China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province. 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, PR China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Wang X, Song Q, Wang Z, Xie Y, Zhang D, Ye K, Han F. Characterizations of intracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from yellow drum (Nibea albiflora, Richardson 1846) and its gene expressions under the ammonia/nitrite stress. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 214:105254. [PMID: 31357109 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (icCuZnSOD) is a member of superoxide dismutase family that is capable of catalyzing the superoxide radicals into either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ordinary molecular oxygen (O2). Unlike mammals, the study of icCuZnSOD in aquatic animals is still in the infancy stage. Here, we identified the cDNA of na-iccuznsod from yellow drum (Nibea albiflora, Richardson 1846) and obtained its fusion protein for the first time. The mRNA expressions of na-iccuznsod were investigated in different tissues, and the dominant distribution was found in head-kidney, followed by brain, liver, heart, and gill. The effects of ammonia-N/nitrite-N on the mRNA expressions of na-iccuznsod were investigated. Na-iccuznsod transcription levels showed a general tendency of an initial up-regulation followed by a down-regulation in liver, gill, and head-kidney when yellow drum were exposed to ammonia-N/nitrite-N at the lethal concentration 50 at 96 h post-treatment, suggesting the important role of Na-icCuZnSOD in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ammonia-N/nitrite-N. In addition, the characteristics of Na-icCuZnSOD protein and its comparative analysis with Na-ecCuZnSOD were investigated. Na-icCuZnSOD protein showed high enzyme stabilities over a wide range of temperature (10 to 60 °C) and pH (4.9 to 11.0), indicating its broad in vitro applications in many industries. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of Na-icCuZnSOD and Na-ecCuZnSOD gives a new perspective for the study of their structure-function relationship. Collectively, the present study will advance our understanding of the toxicity of ammonia-N/nitrite-N on yellow drum through testing the mRNA expression of iccuznsod gene, and broaden our knowledge of the protein characteristics of icCuZnSOD from fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Qing Song
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Yangjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Kun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China.
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Valencia-Castañeda G, Frías-Espericueta MG, Vanegas-Pérez RC, Chávez-Sánchez MC, Páez-Osuna F. Toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in low-salinity water in single and ternary exposure experiments and their environmental implications. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 70:103193. [PMID: 31103491 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Information on toxicity of nitrogen compounds for Litopenaeus vannamei in coastal ecosystems and culture under low salinity is scarce. Acute toxicity trials were conducted in L. vannamei to determine the single and combined effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate at a salinity of 3 g/L. The 96 h-LC50 was 29.0 mg/L for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN); 10.6 mg/L for nitrogen as nitrite (NO2--N); and 900 mg/L for nitrogen as nitrate (NO3--N). The joint effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate exposure were antagonistic at 24-72 h; and additive from 72 to 96 h. The proposed safety levels of single exposure to TAN, NO2--N and NO3--N for L. vannamei are 1.45, 0.53 and 45.0 mg/L, respectively. When in mixture, the proposed level of TAN/NO2--N/NO3--N is 0.05 TU (Toxicity Unit) corresponding to 0.48, 0.08 and 14.6 mg/L of TAN, NO2--N and NO3--N, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Valencia-Castañeda
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, ICML-UNAM, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, 82040, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Martín G Frías-Espericueta
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, Mazatlán, 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ruth C Vanegas-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - María C Chávez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Av. Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán, 82112, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán, 82040, Sinaloa, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Centro, Culiacán, 80000, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Ha NTK, Huong DTT, Phuong NT, Bayley M, Jensen FB. Impact and tissue metabolism of nitrite at two acclimation temperatures in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Aquat Toxicol 2019; 212:154-161. [PMID: 31128416 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of nitrite develop occasionally in various aquatic habitats and aquaculture facilities, providing a potential danger for freshwater fish that take up nitrite via the gill chloride uptake mechanism. We studied the uptake, effects and metabolism of nitrite in blood, heart and skeletal muscle at two temperatures in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a facultative air-breathing fish that is heavily cultivated in Southeast Asia. Exposure to 0.8 mM ambient nitrite increased blood [nitrite] and [methaemoglobin] (metHb) to high values at day 1, but values subsequently decreased towards controls at day 7. Blood [nitrite] and metHb content were unexpectedly higher at 27 °C (∼1.2 mM; 69% at day 1) than at 33 °C (∼0.9 mM; 55%), reflecting a lower nitrite uptake at the highest temperature, possibly via an increased reliance on air-breathing relative to water-breathing with temperature increase. A large fraction of the nitrite taken up was effectively eliminated by being detoxified to nitrate. Further, erythrocyte metHb reductase activity was increased during nitrite exposure, efficiently reducing metHb to functional haemoglobin. The uptake of nitrite into white skeletal musculature (main part of the fish) was much lower than into heart tissue. While heart [nitrite] was close to blood plasma levels, muscle [nitrite] peaked at ∼0.2 mM at day 1 and subsequently declined to ∼0.05 mM at day 7, which is below levels reported in various commercial cured meat products. Nitrite was partly metabolized to iron-nitrosyl, S-nitroso and N-nitroso compounds. The increase in nitros(yl)ated compounds was marginal in skeletal muscle and more pronounced in heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Kim Ha
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam; Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Do Thi Thanh Huong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Mark Bayley
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Bo Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Kim JH, Kang YJ, Kim KI, Kim SK, Kim JH. Toxic effects of nitrogenous compounds (ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) on acute toxicity and antioxidant responses of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 67:73-78. [PMID: 30763818 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus (mean length 7.29 ± 0.59 cm, mean weight 2.41 ± 0.35 g) were exposed to several concentrations of ammonia (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L), nitrite (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L), and nitrate (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/L) for 96 h in 20-L glass tanks. Lethal concentration 50% (LC50) was determined after removing and counting dead fish at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure. Exposure was significantly toxic to P. olivaceus, and LC50 at 96 h was 26.008 mg/L for ammonia, 768.078 mg/L for nitrite, and 1431.343 mg/L for nitrate. The toxicity profile found for P. olivaceus juveniles was ammonia > nitrite > nitrate. For antioxidant activity analysis such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, liver and kidney tissues were dissected after 96 h of exposure. In liver and kidney tissues, SOD activity was significantly increased at 25 mg/L of ammonia, above 400 mg/L of nitrite, and at 1000 mg/L of nitrate. At these concentrations, CAT activity also increased, except in the kidney, where no change in CAT activity was detected under exposure to nitrate. The results of this study suggest that exposure to nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate can induce significant toxicity and alterations in the antioxidant responses of P. olivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment Institute, Taean, 32132, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yue Jai Kang
- Sun Moon University, Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Asan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Aquaculture Industry Division, Gangneung, 25435, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment Institute, Taean, 32132, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment Institute, Taean, 32132, Republic of Korea
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40
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Wang X, Shen Z, Wang C, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. Dietary supplementation of selenium yeast enhances the antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile Eriocheir Sinensis under nitrite stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:22-31. [PMID: 30605768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study elucidates the response to nitrite stress and the effect of dietary selenium supplements on the growth, antioxidant activity, immunity and transcriptome of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In the control group, the crabs were fed the diet without selenium supplementation and there was no nitrite addition to the water. In the test group, the crabs were fed diets with three levels of selenium 0 (N1), 0.5 (N2) and 1.0 (N3) mg/kg in the water containing 2 mg/L NO2N as a stress factor for eight weeks. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved by adding dietary selenium. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate and weight gain between N1 and the control groups, or among different selenium levels in the test group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower, but malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher in the N1 group than those in the serum and hepatopancreas of the control group. The activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acid phosphatase increased at the medium level of selenium but decreased as the level of dietary selenium increased to 1.0 mg/kg. The serum lysozyme (LZM) activity increased but the MDA content in both serum and hepatopancreas decreased with the increase of selenium levels. The total clean reads of the crabs in the control group, N1 and N3 groups reached 390.7M and were assembled into 106 471 transcripts. Compared with the control group, 1196 gene were significantly expressed (588-up and 608-down) in the N1 group under nitrite stress. Between the N1 and N3 groups, the expression of 1537 genes (751-up and 786-down) were significantly different. KEGG pathway analysis reveals that 11 and 19 pathways were significantly different between N1 and control and between N3 and N1 groups, respectively. Transcriptome results demonstrate that nutrient metabolism is much more active in crabs fed additional selenium under nitrite stress. This study indicates that dietary selenium can improve both antioxidant capacity and immune response and alter the protein and carbohydrate metabolism of E. sinensis under nitrite stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenhua Shen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Yu J, Ji X, Wang X, Li T, Wang H, Zeng Q. Identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes in hepatopancreas of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense under nitrite stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:144-154. [PMID: 30630047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is a highly adaptable, tolerant, and fecund freshwater prawn that inhabits a wide range of aquatic environments. The hepatopancreas of crustaceans is not only a site for secretion of digestive enzymes, and also plays important roles in several metabolic processes, such as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. It is the main organ for the detoxification and immunity. In this study, high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to detect the effect of nitrite stress (10 mg/L nitrite-N for 48 h) on gene expression in the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense. A total of 13,769 million reads were harvested, and 94,534 transcripts were de novo assembled using Trinity software and produced 56,054 non-redundant transcripts. A total of 825 differentially expressed genes were obtained comparing 48 h nitrite stress with control group. In the analysis of GO and KEGG database, significant differences were found in 49 pathways. Immune-related pathways under nitrite stress included arginine and proline metabolism, glutamate metabolism, Jak-Stat signaling pathway, endocytosis, wnt signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway and phagosome. Apoptosis-related pathway was also significantly altered, such as lysosome and apoptosis. Remarkably, nitrite stress altered the expression patterns of key apoptosis genes (tetraspanins-like protein, LAMP, CD63, caspase 3C and Caspase 1) and immune genes (Serine proteinase-like protein, C-type lectin, daf-36, SOCS-2, alpha-2-macroglobulin), confirmed that nitrite-stress induce immune response and eventually even apoptosis. This study provided a new insight into the role of hepatopancreas in crustaceans, and further investigation will continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiangshan Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Tongming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Serra T, Soler M, Pous N, Colomer J. Daphnia magna filtration, swimming and mortality under ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate. Sci Total Environ 2019; 656:331-337. [PMID: 30513424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological methods are a promising approach to treating wastewater in order to produce water of an appropriate quality for sub-potable water purposes, thus reducing pressure on potable water sources. Daphnia magna are organisms that filter on small suspended particles and bacteria and so may be able to clarify and disinfect wastewater. However, Daphnia magna are sensitive to common chemicals and might be vulnerable to the quality of the wastewater. This study analyses the filtration, mobility and mortality rates of Daphnia magna exposed to seven days of changing concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate. Inactivation increased with the time of exposure for both nitrite and ammonium, with a 50% inactivation in Daphnia magna filtrations after 7 days of exposure at nitrite concentrations above 6 ppm and ammonium concentrations above 40 ppm. The Daphnia filtration remained unaltered in the nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Mortality increased with nitrite and ammonium concentrations, but not with phosphate or nitrate. The swimming velocity of Daphnia magna individuals decreased when both nitrite and ammonium concentrations increased and also with phosphate concentrations above 30 ppm. However, Daphnia magna swimming velocities remained unaltered in the presence of nitrate concentrations below 100 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Serra
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marçal Soler
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Narcís Pous
- Lequia, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colomer
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Zhang QL, Zhang GL, Xiong Y, Li HW, Guo J, Wang F, Deng XY, Chen JY, Wang YJ, Lin LB. Genome-wide gene expression analysis reveals novel insights into the response to nitrite stress in gills of Branchiostoma belcheri. Chemosphere 2019; 218:609-615. [PMID: 30502699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphioxus has been widely used as a model for the comparative immunology of vertebrates. Studies have reported that gene expression changes in the amphioxus gill in response to biotic stress, such as microbial and their mimic challenge, but little is known about how gene expression is affected by abiotic stress in the marine environment, such as nitrite. A lack of information regarding gene expression response to abiotic stress hinders a comprehensive understanding of gill defense response in amphioxus. Here, RNA sequencing was used to carry out gene expression profiling analyses of Branchiostoma belcheri gills under nitrite stress. Six libraries were created for the control and treatment groups, including three biological replicates. In total, 2416 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in response to nitrite stress, of which 1522 DEGs were up-regulated in the treatment group in comparison to the control, while the remaining 894 DEGs were down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment revealed that these DEGs are primarily involved in disease, innate immunity, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, and biomolecular processes and apoptosis. We screened 11 key nitrite-responsive DEGs to detect their expression responses to nitrite stress at different time points, and validate the sequencing data using real time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the expression of gene encoding CYP3A, POD, CASPR1, GST, MAO, DDH, and XDH/XO were induced, while those encoding MRC, GT, DNASE1L, and RIPK5 were reduced, to participate in the anti-nitrite response. This study provides a useful resource for research of molecular toxicology in amphioxus under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China.
| | - Guan-Ling Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Jun Guo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Xian-Yu Deng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Jun-Yuan Chen
- LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Qinzhou University, Qinzhou 535011 China.
| | - Lian-Bing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500 China.
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Zerfaß C, Christie-Oleza JA, Soyer OS. Manganese Oxide Biomineralization Provides Protection against Nitrite Toxicity in a Cell-Density-Dependent Manner. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02129-18. [PMID: 30413475 PMCID: PMC6328764 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02129-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese biomineralization is a widespread process among bacteria and fungi. To date, there is no conclusive experimental evidence for how and if this process impacts microbial fitness in the environment. Here, we show how a model organism for manganese oxidation is growth inhibited by nitrite, and that this inhibition is mitigated in the presence of manganese. We show that such manganese-mediated mitigation of nitrite inhibition is dependent on the culture inoculum size, and that manganese oxide (MnOX) forms granular precipitates in the culture, rather than sheaths around individual cells. We provide evidence that MnOX protection involves both its ability to catalyze nitrite oxidation into (nontoxic) nitrate under physiological conditions and its potential role in influencing processes involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, these results demonstrate improved microbial fitness through MnOX deposition in an ecological setting, i.e., mitigation of nitrite toxicity, and point to a key role of MnOX in handling stresses arising from ROS.IMPORTANCE We present here a direct fitness benefit (i.e., growth advantage) for manganese oxide biomineralization activity in Roseobacter sp. strain AzwK-3b, a model organism used to study this process. We find that strain AzwK-3b in a laboratory culture experiment is growth inhibited by nitrite in manganese-free cultures, while the inhibition is considerably relieved by manganese supplementation and manganese oxide (MnOX) formation. We show that biogenic MnOX interacts directly with nitrite and possibly with reactive oxygen species and find that its beneficial effects are established through formation of dispersed MnOX granules in a manner dependent on the population size. These experiments raise the possibility that manganese biomineralization could confer protection against nitrite toxicity to a population of cells. They open up new avenues of interrogating this process in other species and provide possible routes to their biotechnological applications, including in metal recovery, biomaterials production, and synthetic community engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zerfaß
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Orkun S Soyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Lin W, Guo H, Wang L, Zhang D, Wu X, Li L, Li D, Tang R. Nitrite Enhances MC-LR-Induced Changes on Splenic Oxidation Resistance and Innate Immunity in Male Zebrafish. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E512. [PMID: 30513985 PMCID: PMC6315824 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hazardous contaminants, such as nitrite and microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), are released into water bodies during cyanobacterial blooms and may adversely influence the normal physiological function of hydrobiontes. The combined effects of nitrite and MC-LR on the antioxidant defense and innate immunity were evaluated through an orthogonal experimental design (nitrite: 0, 29, 290 μM; MC-LR: 0, 3, 30 nM). Remarkable increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have suggested that nitrite and/or MC-LR exposures induce oxidative stress in fish spleen, which were indirectly confirmed by significant downregulations of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) contents, as well as transcriptional levels of antioxidant enzyme genes cat1, sod1 and gpx1a. Simultaneously, nitrite and MC-LR significantly decreased serum complement C3 levels as well as the transcriptional levels of splenic c3b, lyz, il1β, ifnγ and tnfα, and indicated that they could jointly impact the innate immunity of fish. The severity and extent of splenic lesions were aggravated by increased concentration of nitrite or MC-LR and became more serious in combined groups. The damages of mitochondria and pseudopodia in splenic macrophages suggest that oxidative stress exerted by nitrite and MC-LR aimed at the membrane structure of immune cells and ultimately disrupted immune function. Our results clearly demonstrate that nitrite and MC-LR exert synergistic suppressive effects on fish innate immunity via interfering antioxidant responses, and their joint toxicity should not be underestimated in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Honghui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lingkai Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xueyang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Maltez LC, Barbas LAL, Nitz LF, Pellegrin L, Okamoto MH, Sampaio LA, Monserrat JM, Garcia L. Oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in juvenile Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus exposed to sublethal levels of nitrite. Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:1349-1362. [PMID: 29858712 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of short-term exposure to sublethal levels of nitrite on oxidative stress parameters and histology of juvenile Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. An assessment of fish recovery was also performed. Fish were exposed to 0.08 (control), 5.72, 10.43, and 15.27 NO2-N mg L-1 for 10 days followed by the same recovery time. Gill, liver, and muscle samples were collected after 1, 5, and 10 days of exposure and after recovery for the measurement of antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, content of non-protein (NPSH) and protein thiols (PSH), and lipid peroxidation levels by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) content. Nitrite exposure induced alterations which compromised the overall antioxidant system (reduced ACAP and GST activity) and enhanced oxidative damage in lipids and proteins. Increases in GST activity and NPSH and PSH contents were also demonstrated. The recovery period allowed for resumption of basal levels for all (treatment 5.72 NO2-N mg L-1) or some of the evaluated parameters (other treatments). In conclusion, exposure to nitrite concentrations from 5.72 to 15.27 NO2-N mg L-1 induced oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in juvenile Brazilian flounder. The 10-day recovery period was sufficient for a complete resumption of basal physiological condition of fish exposed to concentrations of up to 5.72 NO2-N mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Campos Maltez
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Luis André Luz Barbas
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará - Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Lilian Fiori Nitz
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pellegrin
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Hideo Okamoto
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís André Sampaio
- Laboratório de Piscicultura Estuarina e Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - José Maria Monserrat
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Garcia
- Laboratório de Aquacultura Continental, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Bjerregaard P, Kinnberg KL, Mose MP, Holbech H. Investigation of the potential endocrine effect of nitrate in zebrafish Danio rerio and brown trout Salmo trutta. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 211:32-40. [PMID: 29777853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate has the potential to affect steroid production. Nitrate concentrations in streams in agricultural areas may exceed concentrations showing effects in laboratory studies. The effects of nitrate and/or nitrite on endocrine relevant endpoints were tested in zebrafish and brown trout. Zebrafish were exposed in two experiments to nitrate (8.8 to 89 mg NO3-/L) and nitrite (3.6 to 19 mg NO2-/L) during the period of sexual differentiation and sex ratios were determined. Vitellogenin concentrations were determined in the second experiment. The sex ratio was unaffected by the exposure to nitrate and nitrite. Vitellogenin concentrations were slightly elevated in males (but not females) in all of the groups exposed to nitrate. Juvenile brown trout were exposed to 5.7, 14, and 31 mg NO3-/L for 8 days and vitellogenin levels in liver were determined. Vitellogenin concentrations in the females were not affected by exposure, but in the males, there was an overall statistically significant effect of exposure to nitrate with the group exposed to 5.7 mg NO3-/L showing a trend of higher vitellogenin concentrations than the control group; levels in the males of the groups exposed to 14 and 31 mg NO3-/L were not statistically different from those of the control group. In conclusion, some marginal effect of nitrate in male fish on endocrine activity was observed but the present results for zebrafish, using environmentally relevant concentrations, do not define nitrate and nitrite as endocrine disrupting chemicals according to the generally accepted WHO/IPCS definition because no adverse effects (altered sex ratios) were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Bjerregaard
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Karin Lund Kinnberg
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen Mose
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Denmark
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Valencia-Castañeda G, Frías-Espericueta MG, Vanegas-Pérez RC, Pérez-Ramírez JA, Chávez-Sánchez MC, Páez-Osuna F. Acute Toxicity of Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate to Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Postlarvae in Low-Salinity Water. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:229-234. [PMID: 29754207 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp farming in low salinities waters is an alternative to increasing production, and counteracting disease problems in brackish and marine waters. However, in low-salinity waters, toxicity of nitrogen compounds increases, and there is no available data of its acute toxicity in shrimp postlarvae. This study determined the acute toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae in 1 and 3 g/L salinity, as well as the safety levels. The LC50 confirms that nitrite is more toxic than ammonia and nitrate in low salinity waters, and that its toxicity increases with a decrease in salinity. The safe levels estimated for salinities of 1 and 3 g/L were 0.54 and 0.81 mg/L for total ammonia-N, 0.17 and 0.25 mg/L for NO2-N, and 5.6 and 21.5 mg/L for NO3-N, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Valencia-Castañeda
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, ICML-UNAM, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Martin G Frías-Espericueta
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ruth C Vanegas-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jesús A Pérez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - María C Chávez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Av. Sábalo Cerros s/n, 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
- Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Centro, 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Miao LH, Lin Y, Pan WJ, Huang X, Ge XP, Zhou QL, Liu B, Ren MC, Zhang WX, Liang HL, Yu H, Ji K. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the gene expression profiling in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) in response to acute nitrite toxicity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 79:244-255. [PMID: 29747012 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitrite exposure induces growth inhibition, metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress, organic damage, and infection-mediated mortality of aquatic organism. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism in responses to acute nitrite toxicity in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis, A. nobilis) by RNA-seq analysis. METHODS Bighead carps were exposed to water with high nitrite content (48.63 mg/L) for 72 h, and fish livers and gills were separated for RNA-seq analysis. De novo assembly was performed, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and nitrite-exposed fishes were identified. Furthermore, enrichment analysis was performed for DEGs to annotate the molecular functions. RESULTS A total of 406,135 transcripts and 352,730 unigenes were tagged after de novo assembly. Accordingly, 4108 and 928 DEGs were respectively identified in gill and liver in responses to nitrite exposure. Most of these DEGs were up-regulated DEGs. Enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were mainly associated with immune responses and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We suggested that the nitrite toxicity-induced DEGs were probably related to dysregulation of nitrogen metabolism and immune responses in A. nobilis, particularly in gill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wen-Jing Pan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xian-Ping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Qun-Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ming-Chun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wu-Xiao Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hua-Liang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Han Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
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Kameni Poumeni M, Bilanda DC, Dzeufiet Djomeni PD, Mengue Ngadena YS, Mballa MF, Ngoungoure MC, Ouafo AC, Dimo T, Kamtchouing P. Safety assessment of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeaceae): Acute, neuro- and subchronic oral toxicity studies in albinos Wistar rats. J Complement Integr Med 2018; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2016-0046/jcim-2016-0046.xml. [PMID: 28291734 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Nymphaea lotus Linn (N. lotus) is a medicinal plant widely used in Cameroon popular medicine, to treat neuropsychiatric conditions, male sexual disorders or as food supplement. However, scientific data on the pharmacotoxic profile of this plant are not available. The safety of N. lotus was assessed in acute, neuro- and subchronic toxicity studies by following the OECD guidelines. Effectively, no data have been published until now in regard to its safety on the nervous system. Methods Aqueous extract of N. lotus at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight (BW) was evaluated for nitrites contents and orally administered to rats daily for 28 days (5 male, 5 female per group). The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg) and a satellite group was used to observe reversal effects. Neurotoxicity of the plant was determined using open field test for motor coordination, ataxia and gait analysis. Clinical signs and state of livelihood were recorded during the 24 h, then for 28 days of treatments. At the end of 28-day period, animals were anesthetized and decapitated. The whole brain was homogenized for neurobiochemical analysis. Blood samples were collected with or without anticoagulant for hematological examinations and serum analysis. Specimens of liver, kidney, testis, ovaries, and brain were fixed in 10 % formalin and processed for histopathological examinations. Results Our findings indicate dose-dependent elevation of nitrites contents in the flowers aqueous extract of N. lotus. Acute toxicity study revealed no signs of toxicity neither at the dose 2,000 mg/kg nor at 5,000 mg/kg. Thus the LD50 value of aqueous extract of N. lotus flowers is superior to 5,000 mg/kg. The repeated administration of N. lotus during 28 days, induced no signs of neurobehavioral changes in male, but female rats exhibited dose-dependent response in the open field test, suggesting sex and dose-relative psychotropic effects of N. lotus. The evaluation of neurobiochemistry revealed consistent rise of brain cholesterol by 44.05 %; 158.10 % and 147.62 % respectively in male rats treated with the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg. In female rats, these levels were significantly increased (p<0.001) only at the dose of 600 mg/kg compared to control. This trend persisted after 14 days withdrawal. Brain potassium and calcium concentrations were increased in all rats compared to their respective control receiving distilled water, suggesting transmembrane current stabilizing properties of brain cells by our extract. Further, serum biochemical analysis demonstrated that 28-day administration of N. lotus flowers increased depending on the dose and sex, the levels of serum urea, proteins, creatinine and bilirubin and reduced γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. These results suggest liver alterations that are endowed by lower liver relative weight and histology damages observed in female rats treated with the dose of 600 mg/kg of our extract. We also observed a rise in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction and AI of male rats undergoing N. lotus treatment. In female rats, the latter remains unaltered, confirming the dose- and sex-dependent response of our extract. The levels of white blood cells (WBC) and granulocytes were higher in male irrespective to their control, revealing stimulatory properties of the male hematopoietic system. Such variations (sex- and dose-dependent) are without biological relevance for the majority of the biochemical parameters evaluated, indicating a wide margin of safety for the traditional use of N. lotus. The alkaloids, nitrites and phytosterols contained in N. lotus flowers extract may probably account for its neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and immunoboosting properties. Conclusions N. lotus do not possesses neurotoxicity but is able to induce behavioral changes in rats. Therefore, the application of this plant as either drug or supplementary food should be carefully considered.
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