Computational analysis of the phytocompounds of Mimusops elengi against spike protein of SARS CoV2 - An Insilico model

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global health crisis for over three years now, with the virus causing widespread illness and death. The urgent need for safe and effective therapeutic drugs has prompted the exploration of alternative medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha. This study focuses on the potential therapeutic properties of the Ayurvedic plant, Mimusops elengi. In silico techniques were employed to analyze the bioactivity of the plant, including target prediction, gene ontology analysis, OMIM analysis, and molecular docking analysis. The results revealed 36 phytocompounds that interacted with 1431 receptors in the human body, and two compounds - hederagenin and quercetin - showed exceptionally high binding affinities toward their corresponding receptors, IL6 and MMP9. These results provide important insight into the potential therapeutic activity of M. elengi and its compounds in combating COVID-19. However, further research and clinical trials are necessary to validate these findings and develop safe and effective drugs. The study highlights the importance of combining traditional medicine with modern scientific methods to find effective treatments for global health challenges.

Retraction: Anti-cancer activity of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites synthesized from rice-based waste materials

Retraction of ‘Anti-cancer activity of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites synthesized from rice-based waste materials’ by S. K. Jesudoss et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 481–490, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA11763A.

Preparation and Characterization of Mg Doped ZnAI₂O₄Spinel Nanoparticles

In the present study, combustion technique is adopted to study the impact of Mg²⁺ ion doping on ZnAI₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs). L-arginine is used as a fuel component. The Mg²⁺ ions play a pivotal role in persuading various characteristics of ZnAI₂O₄ NPs. Various characterization technqiues such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were carried out in order to synthesize the nanoparticles. Single phase cubic spinel structure of ZnAl₂O₄ (gahnite) formation was confirmed from the XRD characterization process of the nanoparticles. Estimated average crystallite size range of 11.85 nm to 19.02 nm was observed from Debye-Scherrer. Spherical morphology with uniform distributions was observed from HR-SEM characterization images. From the band gap studies, the attained band gap values were found to lie within 5.41 eV-4.66 eV range. The ZnAl₂O₄ and Mg:ZnAl₂O₄ NPs exhibited super-paramagnetic nature confirmed by magnetic measurements. The obtained results make ZnAl₂O ₄and Mg:ZnAl₂O₄ NPs appropriate for various optical, catalytic, energy and data storage applications.

Novel sonochemical synthesis of Fe3O4 nanospheres decorated on highly active reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for sensitive detection of uric acid in biological samples

In this study, a super-active Iron (II, III) oxide nanospheres (Fe₃O₄ NPs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGOS) nanocomposite was developed. Fe₃O₄ NPs were stabilized on rGOS through electrostatic interactions in the aqueous medium. This process involves an ultrasound assisted reduction reaction of the GOS. The as-synthesized Fe₃O₄ NPs@rGOS was characterized through the HRTEM, SEM, XRD, Raman, elemental mapping and EDX analysis. The Fe₃O₄ NPs@rGOS modified GCE was developed for the determination of biomarker. Uric acid is important biomarker based on gout and kidney stone with high adverse effect in human body. The results obtained showed that the modified electrode Fe₃O₄ NPs@rGOS shows good electrochemical reduction peak compared to bare electrode and control electrodes. The Fe₃O₄ NPs@rGOS modified sensor linear range 0.02-783.6 µM was observed with nanomolar LOD 0.12 nM. In addition, the modified Fe₃O₄ NPs@rGOS/GCE sensor has been applied to determination of uric acid concentration in urine and blood serum samples. Furthermore, advantages of the modified sensor are high stability, repeatability and reproducibility.

Facile synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanospheres covered on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified electrode as rapid electrochemical sensing platform for super-sensitive detection of antibiotic

Herein, we report a super-active electrocatalyst of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) decorated functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CuO NPs@f-MWCNTs) by the ultrasonic method. The as-synthesized CuO NPs@f-MWCNTs was characterized through the FESEM, XPS, XRD and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The combination of highly active CuO NPs and highly conductive f-MWCNTs film with rapid detection enables this nanohybrid to display excellent electrochemical performance towards anesthesia drug. Furthermore, the hybrid electrocatalyst modified SPCE was developed for the determination of flunitrazepam (FTM) for the first time. FTM is important anesthesia drug with high adverse effect in human body. Benefiting from the synergistic reaction of CuO NPs and f-MWCNTs, this nanohybrid exhibited high sensitivity and specificity towards FTM electro-reduction. The CuO NPs@f-MWCNTs film modified SPCE exhibits outstanding electrochemical activity including excellent reproducibility, wide linear range from 0.05 to 346.6 µM with nanomolar limit of detection for FTM detection. Further, the as-modified CuO NPs@f-MWCNTs/SPCE has been applied to determination of FTM in biological and drug samples with satisfactory recovery results, thereby showing a notable potential for extensive (bio) sensor applications.

A novel electrochemical sensor for determination of DNA damage biomarker (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) in urine using sonochemically derived graphene oxide sheets covered zinc oxide flower modified electrode

To explore a novel and multi-layer based graphene oxide covered zinc oxide nanoflower (ZnO NFs@GOS) as a modified electrode materials by sonochemical technique (40 kHz, 300 W). Herein, novel nanocomposite is successfully characterized by various characterization analysis (FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS and (EIS) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and employed as high sensitive modified electrode (ZnO NFs@GOS nanocomposite) for the electrochemical determination of biomarker. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-HDG) is one of the important cancer and oxidative stress biomarker. The results demonstrated that the ZnO NFs@GOS modified SPCE reveal well-defined electro-oxidation peak at 0.36 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The high sensitive properties of the optimized flower like modified electrode are because of the excellent synergistic effect of the ZnO flower and the graphene oxide nanosheets, as evidenced by a superior bio-sensing performance. The nanocomposite fabricated modified biosensor was facilitating the analysis of 8-HDG in the concentration ranges of 0.05-536.5 µM with a low detection limit is 8.67 nM. The ZnO NFs@GOS modified sensor can also employed for the determination of 8-HDG in human urine samples, promising its application towards the quantification of cancer biomarker in biological samples.

Developing green sonochemical approaches towards the synthesis of highly integrated and interconnected carbon nanofiber decorated with Sm2O3 nanoparticles and their use in the electrochemical detection of toxic 4-nitrophenol

Highly integrated and interconnected carbon nanofiber hybrid nanofibers decorated with samarium(III) oxide (Sm₂O₃ NPs) nanoparticles was synthesized by ultrasound assisted method and characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-rays (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrocatalytic activity (ECA) was monitored by detection of toxic 4-nitrophenol under phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The sonochemical route employed was efficient to prepare Sm₂O₃ NPs modified electrode and this class of catalysts might be active electrocatalyst for the detection of 4-nitrophenol in drinking water. The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with Sm₂O₃ NPs@f-CNFs was fabricated in a facile way for the sensitively electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol. Under optimized preparation conditions, the electrochemical testing (differential pulse voltammetry) of 4-nitrophenol exhibited a reduction peak at -0.64 V. Compared with bare SPCE, Sm₂O₃ NPs, f-CNFs, Sm₂O₃ NPs@f-CNFs modified SPCE showed highest current response. The reduction peaks current vs the concentration of 4-nitrophenol exhibits a linear relation with the concentration range from 0.02 to 387.2 μM and the limit of detection was determined to be M (S/N = 3). In addition, Sm₂O₃ NPs@f-CNFs was contributed to detecting 4-nitrophenol in drinking water and river water samples with the recover ranging from 95.6% to 98.2%.

A novel nanocomposite with superior electrocatalytic activity: A magnetic property based ZnFe2O4 nanocubes embellished with reduced graphene oxide by facile ultrasonic approach

Herein, a novel Zinc Ferrite nanocubes (ZnFe₂O₄ NCs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite have been designed through a sonochemical method. After then, as-synthesized ZnFe₂O₄ NCs/rGO was characterized by XPS, XRD, HRTEM and EIS. Furthermore, the ZnFe₂O₄ NCs/rGO nanocomposite modified GCE (glassy carbon electrode) shows excellent electrochemical sensing performance towards biomarker of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQ) with fast detection. 4-NQ is one of the important cancer biomarker. Moreover, the fabricated sensor showed a wide linear window for 4-NQ between 0.025 and 534.12 µM and nanomolar detection limit (8.27 nM). Further, the as-prepared ZnFe₂O₄ NCs/rGO/GCE has been applied to the determination of 4-NQ in human blood and urine samples with excellent recovery results.

One-pot sonochemical synthesis of Bi2WO6 nanospheres with multilayer reduced graphene nanosheets modified electrode as rapid electrochemical sensing platform for high sensitive detection of oxidative stress biomarker in biological sample

4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO) is an important tumorigenic organic compound with high adverse effect in the human body. In this study, a novel Bismuth Tungstate nanospheres (Bi₂WO₆) decorated reduced graphene oxide (Bi₂WO₆/rGOS) nanocomposite have been designed through a sonochemical method. The as-synthesized Bi₂WO₆/rGOS was characterized through the HRTEM, FESEM, XPS, EIS and XRD. Furthermore, the nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for the determination of 4-NQO. The results showed that the Bi₂WO₆/rGOS nanocomposite modified electrode exhibit valuable responses and excellent electrocatalytic activity. The fabricated sensor was facilitated the analysis of 4-NQO with a nanomolar detection limit (6.11 nM). Further, the as-synthesized Bi₂WO₆/rGOS modified electrode has been applied to sensing of 4-NQO in human blood and urine samples with satisfactory recovery.

Facile synthesis and characterization of erbium oxide (Er2O3) nanospheres embellished on reduced graphene oxide nanomatrix for trace-level detection of a hazardous pollutant causing Methemoglobinaemia

The nanomaterials have received enormous attention in the catalysis applications. Particularly, we have focused on the fabrication of nanocomposite for an electrochemical sensor with improved electrocatalytic performance. Herein, a rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of nitrite is essential for assessing the risks facing ecosystems in environment. We report a simple and robust ultrasonic-assisted synthetical route via prepared Er₂O₃ nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (Er₂O₃ NPs@RGO) modified electrode for nitrite detection. The composition and morphological formation were characterized by XRD, XPS, FESEM, and HRTEM. The amperometric (i-t) and cyclic voltammetry were exhibits tremendous electrocatalytic capability and superior performance toward nitrite oxidation. A sensitive and reproducible amperometric nitrite sensor was fabricated which able to detect trace concentration as 3.69 nM and excellent sensitivity (24.17 µA µM^-1 cm^-2). The method worked well even in cured meat and water samples and the results has indicates the reliability of the method in real-time analysis.

Sonochemical synthesis of perovskite-type barium titanate nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as an effective electrode material for the rapid determination of ractopamine in meat samples

A simple and facile ultrasound based sonochemical method to incorporate Perovskite-type barium titanate (BaTiO₃) nanoparticles inside the layered and reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGOs) is reported. BaTiO₃@rGOs nanocomposite was characterized by FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, mapping, XRD, XPS and EIS. The results show that the decoration and also incorporation of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles in the multi-layered and ultrasound reduced graphene oxide matrix. Non-enzymatic and differential pulse voltammetric sensor of ractopamine (food toxic) based on the BaTiO₃@rGOs nanocomposite modified screen printed carbon electrode is developed. Compared with the original BaTiO₃/SPCE and rGOs/SPCE, the BaTiO₃@rGOs/SPCE displays excellent current response towards ractopamine and gives linearity in the range of 0.01-527.19 µM ractopamine in neutral phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The BaTiO₃@rGOs nanocomposite modified sensor also exhibits valuable ability of anti-interference to electroactive analytes. Furthermore, the as-prepared BaTiO₃ NPs@rGOs/SPCE has been applied to the determination of ractopamine in pork and chicken samples.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of α-MnS (alabandite) nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide hybrids: Enhanced electrocatalyst for electrochemical detection of Parkinson's disease biomarker

Herein, novel manganese sulfide nanoparticles (MnS NPs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGOS) nanocomposite have been designed through a facile ultrasound-assisted method and followed by a sonication process. After then, as-synthesized α-MnS@rGOS was characterized by HRTEM, FESEM, XPS, XRD and EIS. Furthermore, the α-MnS@rGOS nanocomposite modified SPCE (screen-printed carbon electrode) shows excellent electrochemical sensing performance towards Parkinson's disease biomarker of dopamine (DA). Moreover, the fabricated sensor showed a wide linear range for dopamine between 0.02 and 438.6 µM and nanomolar detection limit (3.5 nM). In addition, the α-MnS@rGOS modified SPCE showed selectivity towards the detection of dopamine in presence of a 10-fold higher concentration of other important biomolecules. The nanocomposite film modified SPCE sensor was good stable and reproducible towards the detection of Parkinson's disease biomarker. Furthermore, the as-synthesized α-MnS@rGOS nanocomposite modified SPCE has been applied to the determination of dopamine in human serum, rat serum and pharmaceutical samples with acceptable recoveries.

Facile sonochemical synthesis of perovskite-type SrTiO3 nanocubes with reduced graphene oxide nanocatalyst for an enhanced electrochemical detection of α-amino acid (tryptophan)

In this paper, perovskite-type SrTiO₃ nanocubes decorated reduced graphene oxide is synthesized by sonochemical method. The as-synthesized SrTiO₃@RGO nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD, TEM, SEM, elemental mapping and electrochemical technique. Furthermore, surface morphological and X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation and high loading of SrTiO₃ nanocubes on reduced graphene oxide matrix. The SrTiO₃@RGO nanocomposite modified electrode shows an excellent electrochemical detection towards of amino acid (tryptophan). The developed sensor was showed a wide linear range from 30 nM to 917.3 µM and detection limit is 7.15 nM. Furthermore, the sensitivity was calculated to be 9.11 µA µM^-1 cm². In addition, the proposed modified sensor is exhibited good selectivity, stability, reproducibility and repeatability. The SrTiO₃@RGO catalyst modified electrode was successfully applied to tryptophan analysis in biological samples.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of tungsten trioxide entrapped with graphene nanosheets for developing nanomolar electrochemical (hormone) sensor and enhanced sensitivity of the catalytic performance

Herein, we have reported a simple sonochemical synthesis of multi-layer graphene covered tungsten trioxide nanoballs (WO₃ NBs) and the nanocomposite was characterized by FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS, CV and EIS. Furthermore, progesterone (PGT) is a preferred marker for various biological problems like pregnancy problem, mood swings, anxiety, depression, nervousness and body pain. Therefore, its selective and sensitive determination in various biological fluids is beneficial for the evaluation of malformation problems. We describe the fabrication of an amperometric and non-enzymatic biosensor based on WO₃ NBs@GR nanocomposite modified electrode for nanomolar detection of PGT. The results showed that the nanocomposite modified electrode exhibit well-defined electro-oxidation peak compared to bare and control electrodes, demonstrating the superior electrocatalytic ability and performances. The fabricated modified sensor was facilitates the analysis of PGT in the concentration ranges of 0.025-1792.5 µM with a low detection limit of 4.28 nM. Further, the as-prepared WO₃ NBs@GR electrode has been applied to determination of PGT in human blood samples with outstanding recovery results and more importantly, the facile and environment-friendly sonochemical construction strategy extended here, may be open a cost-effective way for setting up the nanocomposites based (bio) sensing platform.

Facile synthesis of mesoporous WS2 nanorods decorated N-doped RGO network modified electrode as portable electrochemical sensing platform for sensitive detection of toxic antibiotic in biological and pharmaceutical samples

We report a facile and ultrasound assisted sonochemical synthesis of a Tungsten disulfide nanorods decorated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide based nanocomposite. The WS₂ NRs/N-rGOs nanocomposite was characterized by FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS and electrochemical methods and its application towards the electrochemical detection of organo-arsenic drug (coccidiostat). The WS₂ NRs/N-rGOs modified SPCE was used for the electrochemical reduction of roxarsone (ROX) and it showed superior electrocatalytic performance in terms of reduction peak current and shift in overpotential when compared to those of WS₂ NRs/SPCE, N-rGOs/SPCE and based SPCE. The WS₂ NRs/N-rGOs modified SPCE showed an excellent sensing ability towards ROX in nitrogen saturated phosphate buffer (PB) then the other controlled modified and unmodified electrodes. The WS₂ NRs/N-rGOs/SPCE displays high sensitive response towards ROX and gives wide linearity in the range of 0.1-442.6 µM ROX in neutral phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and the sensitivity of the sensor is calculated as 14.733 µA µM^-1 cm^-2. The WS₂ NRs/N-rGOs nanocomposite modified sensor also exhibits valuable ability of anti-interference to electroactive analytes. Furthermore, the as-prepared WS₂ NRs/N-rGOs/SPCE has been applied to the determination of ROX in biological and pharmaceutical samples.

A relative study on sonochemically synthesized mesoporous WS2 nanorods & hydrothermally synthesized WS2 nanoballs towards electrochemical sensing of psychoactive drug (Clonazepam)

In this paper, mesoporous tungsten sulfide electrocatalyst (MP-WS₂) were developed through a facile sonochemical technique (SC) and utilized as an electrocatalyst for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Psychoactive drug. The as-prepared SC-MP-WS₂ NRs and HT-WS₂ NPs (hydrothermally synthesized) were characterized using XRD, Raman, XPS, FESEM, HRTEM, BET, EDX, and electrochemical analysis, which exposed the formation of WS₂ in the form of mesoporous nanorods in shape. Further, the use of the as-developed SC-MP-WS₂ NRs and HT-WS₂ NPs as an electrocatalyst for the detection of clonazepam (CNP). Interestingly, the SC-MP-WS₂ NRs modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SC-MP-WS₂ NRs/SPCE) exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic performance, and enhanced reduction peak current when compared to HT-WS₂ NPs with unmodified electrode. Moreover, as-prepared SC-MP-WS₂ NRs/SPCE displayed wide linear response range (10-551 µM), lower detection limit (2.37 nM) and high sensitivity (24.32 µAµM^-1cm^-2). Furthermore, SC-MP-WS₂ NRs/SPCE showed an excellent selectivity even in the existence of potentially co-interfering compounds. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of CNP in biological and drug samples with acceptable recovery.

Rapid sonochemical synthesis of silver nano-leaves encapsulated on iron pyrite nanocomposite: An excellent catalytic application in the electrochemical detection of herbicide (Acifluorfen)

Herein, we developed a silver nanoparticles decorated iron pyrite flowers (FeS₂@Ag NL) based nanocomposite was prepared by a sonochemical method. The formation of FeS₂@Ag NL nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD, XPS, HR-TEM and analytical techniques. The FeS₂@Ag NL/SPCE was potentially applied towards electrochemical detection of toxic herbicide (acifluorfen-AFF). This provided an efficient sensor platform anchoring FeS₂@Ag NL on its surface. Under optimized conditions of differential pulse voltammetric transduction, a linear relationship between the current and the concentration was obtained in the range of 0.05-1126.45 µM for Acifluorfen. The detection limit was observed to be 0.0025 µM. the modified sensor exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including good linear range, nanomolar detection limit, high sensitivity, and desirable stability. Particularly, the practical applicability was revealed by quantifying the AFF concentration in biological samples.

Green Synthesis of Co₃O₄ Nanorods for Highly Efficient Catalytic, Photocatalytic, and Antibacterial Activities

Cobalt oxide nanorods were successfully synthesized by a hot plate combustion method using the plant extract of Vitis vinifera. The plant extract as an alternative to toxic chemicals can be used generally as reducing and capping agents. The obtained nanorods were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, TEM, SAED, EDX, DRS, PL and VSM techniques for the structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties. The XRD, FT-IR, Raman, EDX analysis confirmed the high purity of the sample. The TEM and SAED results showed the rod shape morphology of the sample. DRS and PL showed the band gap energy and emission at visible region. VSM showed the antiferromagnetic nature of the sample. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared cobalt oxide nanorods were investigated for the degradation of textile dying waste water. As per the standards of Indian pollution control board for industrial waste water let out into river bodies, the degradation reactions of waste water was found to be 250 mg/L at 150 min. Also, the same catalyst is used for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroaniline using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and it exhibits excellent reduction reaction, because of the high active surface sites. The time taken for the reduction reaction was 300 sec and 210 sec for 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroaniline respectively. Also, the antibacterial activities towards the bacterial strains were studied and reported.

Facile synthesis of copper sulfide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high sensitive detection of toxic antibiotic in milk

The development of an effective technique for detecting antibiotic drugs remains a serious task due to their toxicity to public health. For this purpose, herein, we report an electrochemical detection based on Cu₂S nanosphere decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO@Cu₂S NC) nanocomposite. A sonochemical-assisted method was adopted to prepare the nanocomposite. Subsequently, its morphological, elemental, and crystal structural aspects were analysed. The electrochemical properties were examined in order to ensure the material's suitability in electrocatalytic sensing. RGO@Cu₂S NC affixed screen-printed electrode was found to exhibit tremendous electrocatalytic capability toward chloramphenicol (CAP) reduction. A sensitive and reproducible amperometric CAP sensor was fabricated which was able to detect concentration at the nanomolar level. The method worked well even in real samples (fresh milk samples) and the results are evaluated by HPLC method and amperometric methods.

Anti-cancer activity of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites synthesized from rice-based waste materials

We report the organic template-free synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite using waste materials, by a simple hydrothermal method and their excellent anti-cancer activity against A549 human lung epithelial cell lines.

Bioreduction potentials of dried root of Zingiber officinale for a simple green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Antibacterial studies

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using an extract of dried Zingiber officinale (ginger) root as a reducing and capping agent in the presence of microwave irradiation was herein reported for the first time. The formation of symmetrical spheres is confirmed from the UV-Visible spectrum of Ag NPs. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy confirms the formation of the Ag NPs. X-ray diffraction analysis was utilized to calculate the crystallite size of Ag NPs and the value was found to be 10nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the morphology and size of the synthesized samples. The sphere like morphology is confirmed from the images. The purity and crystallinity of Ag NPs is confirmed by energy-dispersive X-Ray analysis and selected area electron diffraction respectively. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized Ag NPs was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and shows the redox peaks in the potential range of -1.1 to +1.1V. Agar diffusion method is used to examine the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs. For this purpose, two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria were studied. This single step approach was found to be simple, short time, cost-effective, reproducible, and eco-friendly.

A novel synthesis protocol for Co3O4 nanocatalysts and their catalytic applications

Green synthesis of Co₃O₄-NPs by a HPCM method using Azadirachta indica leaf extract is reported. HRTEM shows hollow sphere like NPs with polycrystalline nature and it is used in catalytic applications.

Efficient synthesis of butyl levulinate from furfuryl alcohol over ordered mesoporous Ti-KIT-6 catalysts for green chemistry applications

Here we describe the synthesis of butyl levulinate by alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol with n-butanol over a series of titanium incorporated mesoporous KIT-6 molecular sieve catalysts prepared by a simple sol–gel treatment.