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Caton NR, Brown LM, Zhao AAZ, Dixson BJW. Human Male Body Size Predicts Increased Knockout Power, Which Is Accurately Tracked by Conspecific Judgments of Male Dominance. HUMAN NATURE (HAWTHORNE, N.Y.) 2024; 35:114-133. [PMID: 38878141 PMCID: PMC11317448 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-024-09473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Humans have undergone a long evolutionary history of violent agonistic exchanges, which would have placed selective pressures on greater body size and the psychophysical systems that detect them. The present work showed that greater body size in humans predicted increased knockout power during combative contests (Study 1a-1b: total N = 5,866; Study 2: N = 44 openweight fights). In agonistic exchanges reflective of ancestral size asymmetries, heavier combatants were 200% more likely to win against their lighter counterparts because they were 200% more likely to knock them out (Study 2). Human dominance judgments (total N = 500 MTurkers) accurately tracked the frequency with which men (N = 516) knocked out similar-sized adversaries (Study 3). Humans were able to directly perceive a man's knockout power because they were attending to cues of a man's body size. Human dominance judgments-which are important across numerous psychological domains, including attractiveness, leadership, and legal decision-making-accurately predict the likelihood with which a potential mate, ally, or rival can incapacitate their adversaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Caton
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lachlan M Brown
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy A Z Zhao
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barnaby J W Dixson
- School of Psychology, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
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Pegna AJ, Framorando D, Yu Z, Buhmann Z, Nelson N, Dixson BJW. Hierarchical status is rapidly assessed from behaviourally dominant faces. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:1267-1280. [PMID: 37198384 PMCID: PMC10545651 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of social hierarchy is a key feature that helps us navigate through our complex social environment. Neuroimaging studies have identified brain structures involved in the processing of hierarchical stimuli, but the precise temporal dynamics of brain activity associated with such processing remains largely unknown. In this investigation, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the effect of social hierarchy on the neural responses elicited by dominant and nondominant faces. Participants played a game where they were led to believe that they were middle-rank players, responding alongside other alleged players, whom they perceived as higher or lower-ranking. ERPs were examined in response to dominant and nondominant faces, and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was used to identify the implicated brain areas. The results revealed that the amplitude of the N170 component was enhanced for faces of dominant individuals, showing that hierarchy influences the early stages of face processing. A later component, the late positive potential (LPP) appearing between 350-700 ms, also was enhanced for faces of higher-ranking players. Source localisation suggested that the early modulation was due to an enhanced response in limbic regions. These findings provide electrophysiological evidence for enhanced early visual processing of socially dominant faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Pegna
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - David Framorando
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhou Yu
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zak Buhmann
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole Nelson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barnaby J W Dixson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Sippy Downs, Australia
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Zhang K, Ma T, Wan X. The face of debt: Facial width-to-height ratios and regional debt in China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15722. [PMID: 37180888 PMCID: PMC10173601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHr) has been widely proven to exert a lasting influence on shaping behavior. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence on the relationship between the fWHr level of bureaucrats and local government debt performance and attempt to discuss the demographic differences in explaining the fWHr-behavior link. We manually collected the fWHr data of local bureaucrats and used prefecture-level panel data of China from 2006 to 2015. The results show that the fWHr levels of bureaucrats are highly correlated with local government debt-bureaucrats with higher fWHr tend to issue more debt and expand the local debt substantially. Results of heterogeneity analysis suggest that the level of fWHr is gender-related-male bureaucrats tend to issue more debt. In addition, bureaucrats who have higher fWHr and who also hold higher education degrees are more inclined to issue debt. In this paper, we concentrate on the Chinese bureaucrat group and provide new micro-evidence on fWHr-related behavior from the perspective of local debt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhong Zhang
- School of Public Finance and Taxation, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, PR China
| | - Tingyu Ma
- School of Public Finance and Taxation, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, PR China
| | - Xin Wan
- Institute of Income Distribution and Public Finance, School of Public Finance and Taxation, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, No. 182 Nanhu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China. 430073
- Corresponding author. Institute of Income Distribution and Public Finance, School of Public Finance and Taxation, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law; Address: Room 131, Wenqin Building, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, No. 182 Nanhu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China. 430073.
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Caton NR, Pearson SG, Dixson BJ. A re-analysis that replicated a replication: Rejoinder to. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Masi M, Mattavelli S, Fasoli F, Brambilla M. When faces and voices come together: Face width‐to‐height ratio and voice pitch contribute independently to social perception. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Masi
- University of Milano‐Bicocca MilanoItaly
- University of SurreyGuildfordUK
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Třebický V, Havlíček J, Kleisner K. A replication that requires replication: Commentary on Caton et al. (2022). EVOL HUM BEHAV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Covariation between formidability inferences and perceptions of men's preferred humor styles. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Caton NR, Dixson BJW. Beyond facial width-to-height ratios: bizygomatic width is highly sexually dimorphic when adjusting for allometry. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220211. [PMCID: PMC9554718 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large and ever-growing literature implicates male facial width-to-height ratio (bizygomatic width divided by facial height) as a secondary sexual trait linked to numerous physical and psychological perceptions. However, this research is based entirely on the premise that bizygomatic width is sexually dimorphic, which recent research has called into question. Unfortunately, statisticians for the last 125 years have noted that morphological ratio measurements may engender spurious correlations and biased effect-size estimates. In the current study, we find that bizygomatic width is highly sexually dimorphic (equivalent d = 1.39), even after adjusting for 92 allometric measurements, including multiple facial height and other craniofacial measurements (equivalent d = 1.07) in a sample of 6068 men and women. By contrast, facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) measurements demonstrated a statistical pattern consistent with the age-old argument that morphological ratio measurements may engender spurious correlations and biased effect-size estimates. Thus, when avoiding facial ratio measurements and adjusting for allometry in craniofacial measures, we found strong support for a key premise in the human evolutionary and behavioural sciences that bizygomatic width exhibits male-biased sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Caton
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barnaby J. W. Dixson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia,School of Psychology, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia,Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Human third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14841. [PMID: 36050502 PMCID: PMC9437099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection via male-male contest competition has shaped the evolution of agonistic displays, weaponry, and fighting styles, and is further argued to have shaped human psychological mechanisms to detect, process, and respond appropriately to cues of fighting ability. Drawing on the largest fight-specific dataset to date across the sports and biological sciences (N = 2765 fights), we examined how different indicators of fighting ability in humans reflect unique paths to victory and indicate different forms of perceived and actual resource-holding power (RHP). Overall, we discovered that: (1) both striking skill and vigour, and grappling skill and vigour, individually and collectively predict RHP; (2) different RHP indicators are distinguished by a unique path to victory (e.g., striking skill is a knockout-typical strategy, whereas grappling vigour is a submission-typical strategy); and (3) third-party observers accurately track fighting skill and vigour along their unique paths to victory. Our argument that different measures of RHP are associated with unique paths to victory, and third-party observers accurately track fighting vigour and skill along their unique paths to victory, advance our understanding not only of human contest competition, but animal contest theory more broadly.
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Brown M, Sacco DF, Barbaro N, Drea KM. Contextual factors that heighten interest in coalitional alliances with men possessing formidable facial structures. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Dixson BJW, Spiers T, Miller PA, Sidari MJ, Nelson NL, Craig BM. Facial hair may slow detection of happy facial expressions in the face in the crowd paradigm. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5911. [PMID: 35396450 PMCID: PMC8993935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human visual systems have evolved to extract ecologically relevant information from complex scenery. In some cases, the face in the crowd visual search task demonstrates an anger superiority effect, where anger is allocated preferential attention. Across three studies (N = 419), we tested whether facial hair guides attention in visual search and influences the speed of detecting angry and happy facial expressions in large arrays of faces. In Study 1, participants were faster to search through clean-shaven crowds and detect bearded targets than to search through bearded crowds and detect clean-shaven targets. In Study 2, targets were angry and happy faces presented in neutral backgrounds. Facial hair of the target faces was also manipulated. An anger superiority effect emerged that was augmented by the presence of facial hair, which was due to the slower detection of happiness on bearded faces. In Study 3, targets were happy and angry faces presented in either bearded or clean-shaven backgrounds. Facial hair of the background faces was also systematically manipulated. A significant anger superiority effect was revealed, although this was not moderated by the target's facial hair. Rather, the anger superiority effect was larger in clean-shaven than bearded face backgrounds. Together, results suggest that facial hair does influence detection of emotional expressions in visual search, however, rather than facilitating an anger superiority effect as a potential threat detection system, facial hair may reduce detection of happy faces within the face in the crowd paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby J W Dixson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4502, Australia.
| | - Tamara Spiers
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Paul A Miller
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Morgan J Sidari
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Nicole L Nelson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Belinda M Craig
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4229, Australia
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