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Moore MJ, Byrne J, Gibson EC, Ford L, Robinson GA. Hayling and stroop tests tap dissociable deficits and network-level neural correlates. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:879-896. [PMID: 38478051 PMCID: PMC11004053 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Although many executive function screens have been developed, it is not yet clear whether these assessments are equally effective in detecting post-stroke deficits of initiation and inhibition. This study presents a comparative analysis of the Stroop and Hayling tests aiming to evaluate whether these tests measure the same underlying cognitive functions and to identify the neural correlates of the deficits detected by both tasks. Sixty six stroke survivors and 70 healthy ageing controls completed the Hayling and Stroop tests. Stroke patients were found to exhibit qualitative performance differences across analogous Stroop and Hayling Test metrics intended to tap initiation and inhibition. The Stroop test was found to have high specificity to abnormal performance, but low sensitivity relative to the Hayling Test. Minimal overlap was present between the network-level correlates of analogous Stroop and Hayling Test metrics. Hayling Task strategy use metrics were significantly associated with distinct patterns of disconnection in stroke survivors, providing novel insight into the neural correlates of fine-grained behavioural patterns. Overall, these findings strongly suggest that the functions tapped by the Stroop and Hayling Test are both behaviourally and anatomically dissociable. The Hayling Test was found to offer improved sensitivity and detail relative to the Stroop test. This novel demonstration of the Hayling Test within the stroke population suggests that this task represents an effective measure for quantifying post-stroke initiation and inhibition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Jane Moore
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica Byrne
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Emily C Gibson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lucy Ford
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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2
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Raatz M, Ward EC, Moss P, Reilly C, Frederiksen N, Dickinson C, Clarke S, Beak K, Marshall J. Examining the Outcomes of Project ECHO ® as an Interprofessional Community of Practice for Pediatric Feeding Clinicians. Dysphagia 2024; 39:208-222. [PMID: 37454335 PMCID: PMC10957606 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Project ECHO® is a virtual, interprofessional, cased-based peer-learning model. To date, no studies have explored ECHO as a model for pediatric feeding education. This study examined the outcomes of establishing a pediatric feeding ECHO network. Using a prospective, mixed-methods design, two cohorts of allied health professionals were recruited. Each cohort participated in eight, 90-min videoconference sessions incorporating a didactic presentation and clinical case presentation. The case was presented by a participant, with questions and recommendations provided by the ECHO network. Participants completed: (1) a learning needs analysis before the ECHO series, (2) a self-reported confidence questionnaire pre, post, and 3-month post, (3) a satisfaction questionnaire after each session, and (4) an overall satisfaction questionnaire post-ECHO series. Time spent by hospital allied health clinicians providing impromptu phone/email feeding support to external clinicians was recorded for 8 weeks prior to and 8 weeks during the ECHO series. Forty-seven participants were included in the study, attending an average of 5.8 sessions. Significant improvements in self-reported confidence were observed across the three time points (p < 0.01) with less experienced participants demonstrating greater improvements. Participants reported high satisfaction with ECHO, with 93% (40/43) wanting continued access to ECHO in future. The multidisciplinary format, interactivity, structure, and case-based nature of ECHO were considered beneficial. A 75% reduction in requests for support from clinicians in the same catchment area was noted during the ECHO series. Results demonstrated that Project ECHO is a viable model for pediatric feeding education for clinicians working in the field. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects and impacts on clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Raatz
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Ward
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research (CFAHR), Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Perrin Moss
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire Reilly
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nadine Frederiksen
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Corrine Dickinson
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Sally Clarke
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Kelly Beak
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Jeanne Marshall
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, PO Box 3474, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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3
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See L, Zafar S, Fu D, Ha DH, Walsh LJ, Lopez Silva C. Laser fluorescence assessment of dental caries arrest with two silver fluoride agents in patients with special needs- a preliminary report. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:96. [PMID: 38556568 PMCID: PMC10982094 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While silver diamine fluoride has been used extensively for caries arrest and desensitising, silver fluoride (AgF) at neutral pH may also have value as a minimally invasive dental caries treatment. This study explored the effectiveness of two AgF products (AgF/KI and AgF/SnF2) when used in adult patients with special needs (SN) who had high caries risk and salivary gland hypofunction. METHODS This split-mouth clinical study, over two appointments 3-months apart, compared the impact of a single application of AgF/KI (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/SnF2 (Creighton Dental CSDS, Whiteley) on matched carious lesions in the same arch, by clinical visual-tactile (cVT) assessment of caries status and laser fluorescence (LF, DIAGNOdent) evaluation of bacterial load in the lesions, using repeated measures analysis. RESULTS Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Both AgF products gave a significant decrease in caries activity as measured by cVT (P < 0.0001) and LF (P = 0.0027). There were no statistically significant differences between the two AgF treatments, with response rates for improvements in active lesions of 92% in the AgF/KI arm, and 96% in the AgF/SnF2 arm. There was no effect of tooth type, lesion type, arch type, plaque metabolism and plaque area at the site level on outcomes, nor was there a clustering effect of sites in a patient level analysis. Overall, LF was superior to cVT for detecting lesions that still progressed despite treatment (P = 0.0027). CONCLUSION A single application of AgF/KI or AgF/SnF2 has high predictability (over 90%) for achieving arrest in active caries lesions in adult patients with SN and high caries risk. Clinical assessment should use visual-tactile examination combined with LF readings to detect lesions that are still progressing and that require additional treatments. Future studies should compare these AgF modalities with SDF and explore factors such as time between applications and the need for repeated applications. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001139864p) on 23/08/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia See
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Sobia Zafar
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - David Fu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Diep H Ha
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Claudia Lopez Silva
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Road, Herston , Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Metro North Oral Health Center, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
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4
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Chai MG, Tu Q, Cotta MO, Bauer MJ, Balch R, Okafor C, Comans T, Kruger P, Meyer J, Shekar K, Brady K, Fourie C, Sharp N, Vlad L, Whiley D, Ungerer JPJ, Mcwhinney BC, Farkas A, Paterson DL, Clark JE, Hajkowicz K, Raman S, Bialasiewicz S, Lipman J, Forde BM, Harris PNA, Schlapbach LJ, Coin L, Roberts JA, Irwin AD. Achievement of therapeutic antibiotic exposures using Bayesian dosing software in critically unwell children and adults with sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2024; 50:539-547. [PMID: 38478027 PMCID: PMC11018654 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-024-07353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early recognition and effective treatment of sepsis improves outcomes in critically ill patients. However, antibiotic exposures are frequently suboptimal in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. We describe the feasibility of the Bayesian dosing software Individually Designed Optimum Dosing Strategies (ID-ODS™), to reduce time to effective antibiotic exposure in children and adults with sepsis in ICU. METHODS A multi-centre prospective, non-randomised interventional trial in three adult ICUs and one paediatric ICU. In a pre-intervention Phase 1, we measured the time to target antibiotic exposure in participants. In Phase 2, antibiotic dosing recommendations were made using ID-ODS™, and time to target antibiotic concentrations were compared to patients in Phase 1 (a pre-post-design). RESULTS 175 antibiotic courses (Phase 1 = 123, Phase 2 = 52) were analysed from 156 participants. Across all patients, there was no difference in the time to achieve target exposures (8.7 h vs 14.3 h in Phase 1 and Phase 2, respectively, p = 0.45). Sixty-one courses in 54 participants failed to achieve target exposures within 24 h of antibiotic commencement (n = 36 in Phase 1, n = 18 in Phase 2). In these participants, ID-ODS™ was associated with a reduction in time to target antibiotic exposure (96 vs 36.4 h in Phase 1 and Phase 2, respectively, p < 0.01). These patients were less likely to exhibit subtherapeutic antibiotic exposures at 96 h (hazard ratio (HR) 0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.05, p < 0.01). There was no difference observed in in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS Dosing software may reduce the time to achieve target antibiotic exposures. It should be evaluated further in trials to establish its impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming G Chai
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Quyen Tu
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Menino O Cotta
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Infectious Disease Institute, Metro North, QLD Health, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle J Bauer
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Balch
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Charles Okafor
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tracy Comans
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Kruger
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Meyer
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiran Shekar
- Adult Intensive Care Services and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kara Brady
- Adult Intensive Care Services and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cheryl Fourie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie Sharp
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luminita Vlad
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Whiley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacobus P J Ungerer
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett C Mcwhinney
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andras Farkas
- Optimum Dosing Strategies, Bloomingdale, NJ, 07403, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Saint Clare's Health, Denville, NJ, 07834, USA
| | - David L Paterson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ADVANCE-ID, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia E Clark
- Infection Management and Prevention Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Krispin Hajkowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sainath Raman
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ICU and Jameson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
| | - Brian M Forde
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Infectious Disease Institute, Metro North, QLD Health, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Central Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Luregn J Schlapbach
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Infectious Disease Institute, Metro North, QLD Health, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam D Irwin
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Infection Management and Prevention Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Wilkinson AN, Chen R, Coleborn E, Neilson T, Le K, Bhavsar C, Wang Y, Atluri S, Irgam G, Wong K, Yang D, Steptoe R, Wu SY. Let-7i enhances anti-tumour immunity and suppresses ovarian tumour growth. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:80. [PMID: 38554167 PMCID: PMC10981620 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has seen significant success in the last decade for cancer management by enhancing endogenous cancer immunity. However, immunotherapies developed thus far have seen limited success in the majority of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) ovarian cancer patients. This is largely due to the highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of HGSC and late-stage identification. Thus, novel treatment interventions are needed to overcome this immunosuppression and complement existing immunotherapies. Here, we have identified through analysis of > 600 human HGSC tumours a critical role for Let-7i in modulating the tumoural immune network. Tumoural expression of Let-7i had high positive correlation with anti-cancer immune signatures in HGSC patients. Confirming this role, enforced Let-7i expression in murine HGSC tumours resulted in a significant decrease in tumour burden with a significant increase in tumour T cell numbers in tumours. In concert with the improved tumoural immunity, Let-7i treatment also significantly increased CD86 expression in antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the draining lymph nodes, indicating enhanced APC activity. Collectively, our findings highlight an important role of Let-7i in anti-tumour immunity and its potential use for inducing an anti-tumour effect in HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Wilkinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elaina Coleborn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Trent Neilson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Khang Le
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chintan Bhavsar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sharat Atluri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gowri Irgam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kiefer Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Da Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Raymond Steptoe
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sherry Y Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Chappell E, Chan E, Deen C, Brimblecombe J, Cadet-James Y, Hefler M, Stubbs E, Ferguson M. Using photovoice to generate solutions to improve food security among families living in remote Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:785. [PMID: 38481178 PMCID: PMC10935805 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The right to food security has been recognised internationally, and nationally in Australia by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations. This study aims to explore food (in)security and solutions for improvement of food security in remote Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia, from the perspective of caregivers of children within the context of the family using photovoice. Participants took part in workshops discussing participant photographs of food (in)security, including solutions. Themes and sub-themes with associated solutions included traditional food use, sharing as a part of culture, the cost of healthy food, energy and transport, and housing and income. Community leaders used these data in setting priorities for advocacy to improve food security in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Chappell
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia.
| | - Ellie Chan
- Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs, NT, 0871, Australia
| | - Caroline Deen
- Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Bungalow, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food , Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Yvonne Cadet-James
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Bungalow, QLD, 4870, Australia
- Indigenous Education and Research Centre, James Cook University, Bungalow, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Marita Hefler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Emma Stubbs
- Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs, NT, 0871, Australia
| | - Megan Ferguson
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, 0811, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food , Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
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7
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Tran NT, Campbell PR, Crew KS, Geering ADW. Molecular characterisation of a novel sadwavirus infecting cattleya orchids in Australia. Arch Virol 2024; 169:68. [PMID: 38453712 PMCID: PMC10920413 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a novel sadwavirus infecting cattleya orchids in South East Queensland is described. Isometric virions of c. 27 nm diameter were observed in sap extracts viewed under a transmission electron microscope, and the genome sequence of this virus was determined by high-throughput sequencing. The viral genome consists of two RNA components, 5,910 and 4,435 nucleotides (nt) in length, each encoding a long polyprotein, with predicted cleavage sites at H/Y, E/G, Q/S, and Q/G for the RNA1 and T/G for the RNA2 translation products, respectively. RNA2 has an additional small ORF of 684 nt near the 3' untranslated region. Phylogenetic analysis based on an amino acid sequence alignment of the Pro-Pol region suggested that this virus is most closely related to pineapple secovirus A, a member of the subgenus Cholivirus, but warrants classification as a member of a new species because it exhibited no more than 64% amino acid identity in pairwise sequence comparisons. Because of the prominent purple ringspots that were observed on the leaves of some of the plants, we propose the name "cattleya purple ringspot virus" for this virus (suggested species name: "Sadwavirus cattleyacola").
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Tran
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Paul R Campbell
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Kathleen S Crew
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Andrew D W Geering
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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8
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Hona TWPT, Stephan CN. Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since Welcker's first study. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:519-535. [PMID: 37804332 PMCID: PMC10861615 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This year (2023) marks 140 years since the first publication of a facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) study. Since 1883, a total of 139 studies have been published, collectively tallying > 220,000 tissue thickness measurements of > 19,500 adults. In just the last 5-years, 33 FSTT studies have been conducted. Herein, we add these data (plus an additional 20 studies) to the 2018 T-Table to provide an update of > 81,000 new datapoints to the global tallied facial soft tissue depths table. In contrast to the original 2008 T-Table, some notable changes are as follows: increased FSTTs by 3 mm at infra second molar (ecm2-iM2'), 2.5 mm at gonion (go-go'), 2 mm at mid-ramus (mr-mr'), and 1.5 mm at zygion (zy-zy'). Rolling grand means indicate that stable values have been attained for all nine median FSTT landmarks, while six out of nine bilateral landmarks continue to show ongoing fluctuations, indicating further data collection at these landmarks holds value. When used as point estimators for individuals with known values across 24 landmarks (i.e., C-Table data), the updated grand means produce slightly less estimation error than the 2018 T-Table means (3.5 mm versus 3.6 mm, respectively). Future efforts to produce less noisy datasets (i.e., reduce measurement and sampling errors as much as possible between studies) would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Wai Pounamu T Hona
- Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Carl N Stephan
- Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Davoudi F, Moradi A, Sadeghirad H, Kulasinghe A. Tissue biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:179-193. [PMID: 38228572 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been rejuvenated by the growing understanding of the immune system's role in tumor activity over the past two decades. During cancer initiation and progression, tumor cells employ various mechanisms that resemble peripheral immune tolerance to evade the antitumor responses of the immune system. Immune checkpoint molecules are the major mechanism of immune resistance that are exploited by tumor cells to inhibit T-cell activation and suppress immune responses. The targeting of immune checkpoint pathways has led to substantial improvements in survival rates in a number of solid cancers. However, a lack of understanding of the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has resulted in inefficient therapy responses. A greater understanding of the TME is needed to identify patients likely to respond, and those that will have resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Advancement in spatial single-cell technologies has allowed deeper insight into the phenotypic and functional diversities of cells in the TME. In this review, we provide an overview of ICI biomarkers and highlight how high-dimensional spatially resolved, single-cell approaches provide deep molecular insights into the TME and allow for the discovery of biomarkers of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davoudi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Moradi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Habib Sadeghirad
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Ludlow T, Fooken J, Rose C, Tang KK. Out-of-pocket expenditure, need, utilisation, and private health insurance in the Australian healthcare system. Int J Health Econ Manag 2024; 24:33-56. [PMID: 37819482 PMCID: PMC10960905 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-023-09362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread public service provision, public funding, and private health insurance (PHI), 20% of all healthcare expenditure across the OECD is covered by out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE). This creates an equity concern for the increasing number of individuals with chronic conditions and greater need, particularly if higher need coincides with lower income. Theoretically, individuals may mitigate OOPE risk by purchasing PHI, replacing variable OOPE with fixed expenditure on premiums. Furthermore, if PHI premiums are not risk-rated, PHI may redistribute some of the financial burden from less healthy PHI holders that have greater need to healthier PHI holders that have less need. We investigate if the burden of OOPE for individuals with greater need increases less strongly for individuals with PHI in the Australian healthcare system. The Australian healthcare system provides public health insurance with full, partial, or limited coverage, depending on the healthcare service used, and no risk rating of PHI premiums. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey we find that individuals with PHI spend a greater share of their disposable income on OOPE and that the difference in OOPE share between PHI and non-PHI holders increases with greater need and utilisation, contrary to the prediction that PHI may mitigate OOPE. We also show that OOPE is a greater concern for poorer individuals for whom the difference in OOPE by PHI is the greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ludlow
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jonas Fooken
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
- Macquarie Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia.
| | - Christiern Rose
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Kam Ki Tang
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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11
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O'Brien CL, Summers KM, Martin NM, Carter-Cusack D, Yang Y, Barua R, Dixit OVA, Hume DA, Pavli P. The relationship between extreme inter-individual variation in macrophage gene expression and genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Hum Genet 2024; 143:233-261. [PMID: 38421405 PMCID: PMC11043138 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The differentiation of resident intestinal macrophages from blood monocytes depends upon signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF1R). Analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicates that dysregulation of macrophage differentiation and response to microorganisms contributes to susceptibility to chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we analyzed transcriptomic variation in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from affected and unaffected sib pairs/trios from 22 IBD families and 6 healthy controls. Transcriptional network analysis of the data revealed no overall or inter-sib distinction between affected and unaffected individuals in basal gene expression or the temporal response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the basal or LPS-inducible expression of individual genes varied independently by as much as 100-fold between subjects. Extreme independent variation in the expression of pairs of HLA-associated transcripts (HLA-B/C, HLA-A/F and HLA-DRB1/DRB5) in macrophages was associated with HLA genotype. Correlation analysis indicated the downstream impacts of variation in the immediate early response to LPS. For example, variation in early expression of IL1B was significantly associated with local SNV genotype and with subsequent peak expression of target genes including IL23A, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL8 and NLRP3. Similarly, variation in early IFNB1 expression was correlated with subsequent expression of IFN target genes. Our results support the view that gene-specific dysregulation in macrophage adaptation to the intestinal milieu is associated with genetic susceptibility to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L O'Brien
- Centre for Research in Therapeutics Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalia M Martin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dylan Carter-Cusack
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rasel Barua
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ojas V A Dixit
- Centre for Research in Therapeutics Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Paul Pavli
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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12
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Karlsen EA, Walpole E, Simpson F. Steroid Premedication and Monoclonal Antibody Therapy: Should We Reconsider? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:275-283. [PMID: 38270799 PMCID: PMC10894762 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is now considered a main component of cancer therapy in Australia. Although traditionally thought of as pure signalling inhibitors, a large proponent of these medications function through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Currently, most protocols and institutional guidelines for ADCC-mediated mAbs promote the use of corticosteroids as premedication: this is implemented to reduce infusion-related reactions (IRRs) and antiemesis prophylaxis and combat concurrently administered chemotherapy-related syndromes. Concerningly, the inhibitory effects of ADCC by corticosteroids are well documented; henceforth, it is possible the current standard of care is misaligned to the literature surrounding ADCC. Subsequently, clinicians' decisions to act in contrast to this literature may be reducing the efficacy of mAbs. The literature suggests that the redundant use of corticosteroids should be cautioned against when used in conjunction with ADCC-mediated mAbs-this is due to the consequent reduction in anti-tumour activity. Owing to the fact IRRs typically occur upon initial infusion, the authors advocate for individual clinicians and institutional protocols to considering augmenting their practice to corticosteroid premedication at the first dose only, unless clinically indicated. Additionally, product information (PI) and consumer medicine information (CMI) documents distributed by Australian and international regulatory agencies should consider disclosing the risk of concurrent steroids with these medications. Moreover, the authors suggest considering alternative medications for the management of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Anne Karlsen
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Department of General Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Simpson Laboratory - Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Euan Walpole
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Simpson Laboratory - Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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13
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Wang L, Shi XL, Li L, Hong M, Lin B, Miao P, Ding J, Yuan N, Zheng S, Chen ZG. Zinc Doping Induces Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Solvothermal SnTe. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400130. [PMID: 38380867 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The creation of hierarchical nanostructures can effectively strengthen phonon scattering to reduce lattice thermal conductivity for improving thermoelectric properties in inorganic solids. Here, we use Zn doping to induce a remarkable reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity in SnTe, approaching the theoretical minimum limit. Microstructure analysis reveals that ZnTe nanoprecipitates can embed within SnTe grains beyond the solubility limit of Zn in the Zn alloyed SnTe. These nanoprecipitates result in a substantial decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity in SnTe, leading to an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.50 W m-1 K-1 at 773 K and a peak ZT of ~0.48 at 773 K, marking an approximately 45 % enhancement compared to pristine SnTe. This study underscores the effectiveness of incorporating ZnTe nanoprecipitates in boosting the thermoelectric performance of SnTe-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Lvzhou Li
- Yangzhou Technology Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutrality of Yangzhou University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Hong
- Centre for Future Materials and School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Bencai Lin
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Pengcheng Miao
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jianning Ding
- Yangzhou Technology Innovation Research Center for Carbon Neutrality of Yangzhou University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningyi Yuan
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Research Hub in Zero-emission Power Generation for Carbon Neutrality, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
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14
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Gong Z, Previtera DA, Wang Y, Botella JR. Geminiviral-induced genome editing using miniature CRISPR/Cas12j (CasΦ) and Cas12f variants in plants. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:71. [PMID: 38372775 PMCID: PMC10876737 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Dominic Andrew Previtera
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Yijie Wang
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
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15
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Tanner HL, Ng HT, Murphy G, Barrett HL, Callaway LK, McIntyre HD, Nitert MD. Habitual carbohydrate intake is not correlated with circulating β-hydroxybutyrate levels in pregnant women with overweight and obesity at 28 weeks' gestation. Diabetologia 2024; 67:346-355. [PMID: 37971504 PMCID: PMC10789657 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pregnant women are advised to consume a minimum of 175 g per day of carbohydrate to meet maternal and fetal brain glucose requirements. This recommendation comes from a theoretical calculation of carbohydrate requirements in pregnancy, rather than from clinical data. This study aimed to determine whether fasting maternal ketone levels are associated with habitual carbohydrate intake in a subset of participants of the Study of PRobiotics IN Gestational diabetes (SPRING) randomised controlled trial. METHODS Food frequency questionnaires on dietary intake during pregnancy were completed by pregnant women with overweight or obesity at 28 weeks' gestation (considering their intake from the beginning of pregnancy). Dietary intake from early pregnancy through to 28 weeks was analysed for macronutrient intake. At the same time, overnight fasting serum samples were obtained and analysed for metabolic parameters including serum β-hydroxybutyrate, OGTTs, insulin and C-peptide. RESULTS Fasting serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels amongst 108 women (mean BMI 34.7 ± 6.3 kg/m2) ranged from 22.2 to 296.5 μmol/l. Median fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were not different between women with high (median [IQR] 68.4 [49.1-109.2 μmol/l]) and low (65.4 [43.6-138.0 μmol/l]) carbohydrate intake in pregnancy. Fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were not correlated with habitual carbohydrate intake (median 155 [126-189] g/day). The only metabolic parameter with which fasting β-hydroxybutyrate levels were correlated was 1 h venous plasma glucose (ρ=0.23, p=0.03) during a 75 g OGTT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Fasting serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels are not associated with habitual carbohydrate intake at 28 weeks' gestation in pregnant women with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Tanner
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Hui Ting Ng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Murphy
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen L Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonie K Callaway
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Women's and Newborn Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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16
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Sims NA, Lévesque JP. Oncostatin M: Dual Regulator of the Skeletal and Hematopoietic Systems. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:80-95. [PMID: 38198032 PMCID: PMC10912291 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The bone and hematopoietic tissues coemerge during development and are functionally intertwined throughout mammalian life. Oncostatin M (OSM) is an inflammatory cytokine of the interleukin-6 family produced by osteoblasts, bone marrow macrophages, and neutrophils. OSM acts via two heterodimeric receptors comprising GP130 with either an OSM receptor (OSMR) or a leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). OSMR is expressed on osteoblasts, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells and mice deficient for the Osm or Osmr genes have both bone and blood phenotypes illustrating the importance of OSM and OSMR in regulating these two intertwined tissues. RECENT FINDINGS OSM regulates bone mass through signaling via OSMR, adaptor protein SHC1, and transducer STAT3 to both stimulate osteoclast formation and promote osteoblast commitment; the effect on bone formation is also supported by action through LIFR. OSM produced by macrophages is an important inducer of neurogenic heterotopic ossifications in peri-articular muscles following spinal cord injury. OSM produced by neutrophils in the bone marrow induces hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation in an indirect manner via OSMR expressed by bone marrow stromal and endothelial cells that form hematopoietic stem cell niches. OSM acts as a brake to therapeutic hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in response to G-CSF and CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor. Excessive OSM production by macrophages in the bone marrow is a key contributor to poor hematopoietic stem cell mobilization (mobilopathy) in people with diabetes. OSM and OSMR may also play important roles in the progression of several cancers. It is increasingly clear that OSM plays unique roles in regulating the maintenance and regeneration of bone, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, inflammation, and skeletal muscles. Dysregulated OSM production can lead to bone pathologies, defective muscle repair and formation of heterotopic ossifications in injured muscles, suboptimal mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells, exacerbated inflammatory responses, and anti-tumoral immunity. Ongoing research will establish whether neutralizing antibodies or cytokine traps may be useful to correct pathologies associated with excessive OSM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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17
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Minchell E, Rumbach A, Farrell A, Burns CL, Wong A, Finch E. Acute Dysphagia Following Reperfusion Therapies: A Prospective Pilot Cohort Study. Dysphagia 2024; 39:119-128. [PMID: 37380703 PMCID: PMC10781886 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Dysphagia is a well-documented sequela of stroke. Recent advancements in medical treatments for stroke include reperfusion therapies (endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and thrombolysis). As outcomes following reperfusion therapies are typically measured via general functional scales, the pattern and progression of acute dysphagia following reperfusion therapies is less known. To determine the progression of acute dysphagia (0-72 h) following reperfusion therapies and relationships between various stroke parameters and dysphagia, twenty-six patients were prospectively recruited across two EVT and thrombolysis centres in Brisbane, Australia. Dysphagia was screened via the Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) at the bedside at three timepoints: 0-24 h, 24-48 h, and 48-72 h post-reperfusion therapies. Across three groups (EVT only, thrombolysis only, or both), the incidence of any dysphagia within the first 24 h of reperfusion therapy was 92.31% (n = 24/26), 91.30% (n = 21/23) by 48 h, and 90.91% (n = 20/22) by 72 h. Fifteen patients presented with severe dysphagia at 0-24 h, 10 at 24-48 h, and 10 at 48-72 h. Whilst dysphagia was not significantly correlated to infarct penumbra/core size, dysphagia severity was significantly related to the number of passes required during EVT (p = 0.009).Dysphagia continues to persist in the acute stroke population despite recent advancements in technology aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality post-stroke. Further research is required to establish protocols for management of dysphagia post-reperfusion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Minchell
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia.
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Anna Rumbach
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anna Farrell
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clare L Burns
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Wong
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Finch
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Research and Innovation, West Moreton Health, Queensland Health, Ipswich, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Taherian Fard A, Leeson HC, Aguado J, Pietrogrande G, Power D, Gómez-Inclán C, Zheng H, Nelson CB, Soheilmoghaddam F, Glass N, Dharmaratne M, Watson ER, Lu J, Martin S, Pickett HA, Cooper-White J, Wolvetang EJ, Mar JC. Deconstructing heterogeneity of replicative senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells at single cell resolution. GeroScience 2024; 46:999-1015. [PMID: 37314668 PMCID: PMC10828319 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following prolonged cell division, mesenchymal stem cells enter replicative senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest that constrains the use of this cell type in regenerative medicine applications and that in vivo substantially contributes to organismal ageing. Multiple cellular processes such as telomere dysfunction, DNA damage and oncogene activation are implicated in promoting replicative senescence, but whether mesenchymal stem cells enter different pre-senescent and senescent states has remained unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we subjected serially passaged human ESC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (esMSCs) to single cell profiling and single cell RNA-sequencing during their progressive entry into replicative senescence. We found that esMSC transitioned through newly identified pre-senescent cell states before entering into three different senescent cell states. By deconstructing this heterogeneity and temporally ordering these pre-senescent and senescent esMSC subpopulations into developmental trajectories, we identified markers and predicted drivers of these cell states. Regulatory networks that capture connections between genes at each timepoint demonstrated a loss of connectivity, and specific genes altered their gene expression distributions as cells entered senescence. Collectively, this data reconciles previous observations that identified different senescence programs within an individual cell type and should enable the design of novel senotherapeutic regimes that can overcome in vitro MSC expansion constraints or that can perhaps slow organismal ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Hannah C Leeson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Giovanni Pietrogrande
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Dominique Power
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Cecilia Gómez-Inclán
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Christopher B Nelson
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nick Glass
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Malindrie Dharmaratne
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ebony R Watson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sally Martin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
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19
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Lee PS, Sewell DK. A revised diffusion model for conflict tasks. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:1-31. [PMID: 37507646 PMCID: PMC10867079 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC) Ulrich et al. (Cognitive Psychology, 78, 148-174, 2015) provides a good account of data from all standard conflict tasks (e.g., Stroop, Simon, and flanker tasks) within a common evidence accumulation framework. A central feature of DMC's processing dynamics is that there is an initial phase of rapid accumulation of distractor evidence that is then selectively withdrawn from the decision mechanism as processing continues. We argue that this assumption is potentially troubling because it could be viewed as implying qualitative changes in the representation of distractor information over the time course of processing. These changes suggest more than simple inhibition or suppression of distractor information, as they involve evidence produced by distractor processing "changing sign" over time. In this article, we (a) develop a revised DMC (RDMC) whose dynamics operate strictly within the limits of inhibition/suppression (i.e., evidence strength can change monotonically, but cannot change sign); (b) demonstrate that RDMC can predict the full range of delta plots observed in the literature (i.e., both positive-going and negative-going); and (c) show that the model provides excellent fits to Simon and flanker data used to benchmark the original DMC at both the individual and group level. Our model provides a novel account of processing differences across Simon and flanker tasks. Specifically, that they differ in how distractor information is processed on congruent trials, rather than incongruent trials: congruent trials in the Simon task show relatively slow attention shifting away from distractor information (i.e., location) while complete and rapid attention shifting occurs in the flanker task. Our new model highlights the importance of considering dynamic interactions between top-down goals and bottom-up stimulus effects in conflict processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Shien Lee
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, St. Lucia, Australia.
| | - David K Sewell
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, St. Lucia, Australia
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Leung SK, Mumby PJ. Mapping the susceptibility of reefs to rubble accumulation across the Great Barrier Reef. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:211. [PMID: 38285268 PMCID: PMC10824869 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Disturbance-induced rubble accumulations are described as "killing fields" on coral reefs as coral recruits suffer high post-settlement mortality, creating a bottleneck for reef recovery. The increasing frequency of coral bleaching events, that can generate rubble once coral dies, has heightened concerns that rubble beds will become more widespread and persistent. But we currently lack the tools to predict where rubble is most likely to accumulate. Here, we developed a modelling framework to identify areas that are likely to accumulate rubble on forereef slopes across the Great Barrier Reef. The algorithm uses new high-resolution bathymetric and geomorphic datasets from satellite remote sensing. We found that 47 km of reef slope (3% of the entire reef surveyed), primarily in the southern region, could potentially reach 50% rubble cover. Despite being statistically significant (p < 0.001), the effects of depth and aspect on rubble cover were minimal, with a 0.2% difference in rubble cover between deeper and shallower regions, as well as a maximum difference of 0.8% among slopes facing various directions. Therefore, we conclude that the effects of depth and aspect were insufficient to influence ecological processes such as larval recruitment and recovery in different coral communities. Maps of potential rubble accumulation can be used to prioritise surveys and potential restoration, particularly after major disturbances have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Kiu Leung
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Level 5, Goddard Building, St. Lucia, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Level 5, Goddard Building, St. Lucia, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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21
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Kohler BE, Baque E, Sandler CX, Jones T, Terranova CO, Brookes DSK, Hassall T, Bradford NK, Trost SG. Goal-directed therapeutic exercise for paediatric posterior fossa brain tumour survivors: a qualitative analysis of experiences. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:125. [PMID: 38252320 PMCID: PMC10803389 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore child and parent experiences of a 12-week goal-directed therapeutic exercise intervention in paediatric posterior fossa brain tumours survivors and to identify features of the program that influenced program adherence and acceptability. METHODS Eleven interviews were conducted; five parent-child dyads (mothers = 83%) and one parent only (mean child age = 10.6 ± 3.0 years; 83% male). Posterior fossa brain tumour survivors, who participated in a weekly goal-directed exercise program for 12 weeks, completed semi-structured interviews to discuss their experience of the program. An inductive content analysis was undertaken. Interviews were transcribed, imported into NVivo and independently coded by two reviewers. Code and content categories were iteratively discussed and refined. RESULTS Five content categories were generated: (1) perceived improvements, (2) program logistics, (3) activity selection, (4) connection with the therapist and (5) options for technology. All participants valued the tailored exercise program and described improvements in movement competence. Children and their parents discussed preferring home- and community-based locations and favoured face-to-face delivery. Occasionally, parents reported difficulty completing the home program due to low child motivation or family time restrictions. Multiple families suggested an interactive digital application would be an effective delivery channel for the supplemental home-based program. CONCLUSION A goal-directed exercise program delivered at home and in community-based locations was considered valuable and helpful for improving movement competence in paediatric survivors of posterior fossa brain tumour. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12619000841178 June 12, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Kohler
- Faculty of Health at the Queensland Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emmah Baque
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Carolina X Sandler
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- UNSW Fatigue Research Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Taryn Jones
- Faculty of Health at the Queensland Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline O Terranova
- Faculty of Health at the Queensland Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Denise S K Brookes
- Faculty of Health at the Queensland Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Natalie K Bradford
- Faculty of Health at the Queensland Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, at Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stewart G Trost
- Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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22
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Hulme KD, Tong ZWM, Rowntree LC, van de Sandt CE, Ronacher K, Grant EJ, Dorey ES, Gallo LA, Gras S, Kedzierska K, Barrett HL, Short KR. Increasing HbA1c is associated with reduced CD8 + T cell functionality in response to influenza virus in a TCR-dependent manner in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:35. [PMID: 38214784 PMCID: PMC10786977 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is on the rise globally and is a known susceptibility factor for severe influenza virus infections. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes increases the severity of an influenza virus infection are yet to be fully defined. Diabetes mellitus is hallmarked by high glucose concentrations in the blood. We hypothesized that these high glucose concentrations affect the functionality of CD8+ T cells, which play a key role eliminating virus-infected cells and have been shown to decrease influenza disease severity. To study the effect of hyperglycemia on CD8+ T cell function, we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from donors with and without diabetes with influenza A virus, anti-CD3/anti-CD28-coated beads, PMA and ionomycin (PMA/I), or an influenza viral peptide pool. After stimulation, cells were assessed for functionality [as defined by expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (CD107a)] using flow cytometry. Our results showed that increasing HbA1c correlated with a reduction in TNF-α production by CD8+ T cells in response to influenza stimulation in a TCR-specific manner. This was not associated with any changes to CD8+ T cell subsets. We conclude that hyperglycemia impairs CD8+ T cell function to influenza virus infection, which may be linked with the increased risk of severe influenza in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina D Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhen Wei Marcus Tong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma J Grant
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily S Dorey
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linda A Gallo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen L Barrett
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Obstetric Medicine, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, UNSW, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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23
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Castro BFM, Steel JC, Layton CJ. AAV-Based Strategies for Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases: Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy Therapies. BioDrugs 2024; 38:73-93. [PMID: 37878215 PMCID: PMC10789843 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are vascular diseases with high prevalence, ranking among the leading causes of blindness and vision loss worldwide. Despite being effective, current treatments for AMD and DR are burdensome for patients and clinicians, resulting in suboptimal compliance and real risk of vision loss. Thus, there is an unmet need for long-lasting alternatives with improved safety and efficacy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the leading vector for ocular gene delivery, given its ability to enable long-term expression while eliciting relatively mild immune responses. Progress has been made in AAV-based gene therapies for not only inherited retinal diseases but also acquired conditions with preclinical and clinical studies of AMD and DR showing promising results. These studies have explored several pathways involved in the disease pathogenesis, as well as different strategies to optimise gene delivery. These include engineered capsids with enhanced tropism to particular cell types, and expression cassettes incorporating elements for a targeted and controlled expression. Multiple-acting constructs have also been investigated, in addition to gene silencing and editing. Here, we provide an overview of strategies employing AAV-mediated gene delivery to treat AMD and DR. We discuss preclinical efficacy studies and present the latest data from clinical trials for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda F M Castro
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Greenslopes Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jason C Steel
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Greenslopes Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher J Layton
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Greenslopes Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
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24
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Jefferis J, Hudson R, Lacaze P, Bakshi A, Hawley C, Patel C, Mallett A. Monogenic and polygenic concepts in chronic kidney disease (CKD). J Nephrol 2024; 37:7-21. [PMID: 37989975 PMCID: PMC10920206 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Kidney function is strongly influenced by genetic factors with both monogenic and polygenic factors contributing to kidney function. Monogenic disorders with primarily autosomal dominant inheritance patterns account for 10% of adult and 50% of paediatric kidney diseases. However, kidney function is also a complex trait with polygenic architecture, where genetic factors interact with environment and lifestyle factors. Family studies suggest that kidney function has significant heritability at 35-69%, capturing complexities of the genome with shared environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies estimate the single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of kidney function between 7.1 and 20.3%. These heritability estimates, measuring the extent to which genetic variation contributes to CKD risk, indicate a strong genetic contribution. Polygenic Risk Scores have recently been developed for chronic kidney disease and kidney function, and validated in large populations. Polygenic Risk Scores show correlation with kidney function but lack the specificity to predict individual-level changes in kidney function. Certain kidney diseases, such as membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy that have significant genetic components, may benefit most from polygenic risk scores for improved risk stratification. Genetic studies of kidney function also provide a potential avenue for the development of more targeted therapies and interventions. Understanding the development and validation of genomic scores is required to guide their implementation and identify the most appropriate potential implications in clinical practice. In this review, we provide an overview of the heritability of kidney function traits in population studies, explore both monogenic and polygenic concepts in kidney disease, with a focus on recently developed polygenic risk scores in kidney function and chronic kidney disease, and review specific diseases which are most amenable to incorporation of genomic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jefferis
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmel Hawley
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Mallett
- Institutional for Molecular Bioscience and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, QLD, Australia.
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia.
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25
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Gurd J, Demeyere N, Moore MJ. Attentional and lexical factors underlying word-centred neglect dyslexia errors in healthy readers. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:312-325. [PMID: 37415059 PMCID: PMC10769981 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Word-centred neglect dyslexia is most commonly conceptualised as a deficit caused by attentional biases within spatially coded internal representations of words. However, recent research has suggested that at least some cases of word-centred neglect dyslexia are unrelated to visuospatial neglect and may instead be modulated by self-inhibition and lexical factors. Here, we set out to provide novel insight into potential underlying mechanisms modulating the occurrence of word-centred lateralised reading errors in healthy participants. A sample of 47 healthy readers completed a novel attentional cueing paradigm in which they sequentially identified lateral cues and read presented words under limited exposure conditions. Reading responses were analysed to determine whether word-centred neglect dyslexia could be simulated in healthy readers, to compare the strengths of induced biases, and to identify systematic differences in lexical characteristics between target words and neglect dyslexia reading errors. Healthy participants produced frequent lateralised reading errors in both horizontal and vertical reading stimuli with > 50% of errors classed as neglect dyslexic. Cues appended to word beginnings elicited significantly more reading errors than cues at word ends, illustrating the interaction between existing reading spatial attentional biases and cue-induced biases. Neglect dyslexia reading errors were found to contain significantly more letters per word and had higher concreteness ratings than target words. These findings demonstrate that word-centred neglect dyslexia can be simulated using attentional cues in healthy readers. These results provide important insight into the mechanisms underlying word-centred neglect dyslexia and further fundamental understanding of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gurd
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nele Demeyere
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret Jane Moore
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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26
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Ross TL, Neale RE, Na R, Webb PM. Vitamin D status during and after treatment and ovarian cancer survival. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:1-8. [PMID: 37526780 PMCID: PMC10764528 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Five-year relative survival for ovarian cancer remains below 50%. Strategies to improve outcomes are needed. Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations [measure of vitamin D status] at and before diagnosis have been associated with longer survival in cancer patients; however, data for ovarian cancer are limited. We aimed to determine if 25(OH)D concentrations during and after primary treatment were associated with ovarian cancer-specific survival. METHODS We used data from a nationwide prospective cohort study of women with ovarian cancer. Among 886 participants treated with chemotherapy, 700 (79%) had a blood sample collected during (n = 591) and/or after (n = 458) primary treatment. These were tested for 25(OH)D. Clinical and survival data were abstracted from medical records. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between 25(OH)D and ovarian cancer-specific survival. RESULTS Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were lower during than after primary treatment (82 and 91 nmol/L, respectively); only 14% and 8% had concentrations below 50 nmol/L during and after primary treatment, respectively. There was no association between 25(OH)D and ovarian cancer-specific survival during five years of follow-up [HR 1.10 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.61) and 0.95 (0.54, 1.68) for the highest vs. lowest quintile during and after treatment, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe any association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and ovarian cancer-specific survival. Our results suggest that, in the absence of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation to improve ovarian cancer survival is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Ross
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Renhua Na
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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27
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Unni E, Coles T, Lavallee DC, Freel J, Roberts N, Absolom K. Patient adherence to patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) completion in clinical care: current understanding and future recommendations. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:281-290. [PMID: 37695476 PMCID: PMC10784330 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used as an assessment and monitoring tool in clinical practice. However, patient adherence to PROMs completions are typically not well documented or explained in published studies and reports. Through a collaboration between the International Society for Quality-of-Life Research (ISOQOL) Patient Engagement and QOL in Clinical Practice Special Interest Groups (SIGs) case studies were collated as a platform to explore how adherence can be evaluated and understood. Case studies were drawn from across a range of clinically and methodologically diverse PROMs activities. RESULTS The case studies identified that the influences on PROMs adherence vary. Key drivers include PROMs administeration methods within a service and wider system, patient capacity to engage and clinician engagement with PROMs information. It was identified that it is important to evaluate PROMs integration and adherence from multiple perspectives. CONCLUSION PROM completion rates are an important indicator of patient adherence. Future research prioritizing an understanding of PROMs completion rates by patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennifer Freel
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Roberts
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia.
- STARS Education and Research Alliance, Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS), The University of Queensland and Metro North Health, Herston, QLD, Australia.
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28
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Keramat SA, Perales F, Alam K, Rashid R, Haque R, Monasi N, Hashmi R, Siddika F, Siddiqui ZH, Ali MA, Gebremariam ND, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S. Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life amongst Indigenous Australians: A longitudinal analysis. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:195-206. [PMID: 37587324 PMCID: PMC10784343 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of multimorbidity has been observed worldwide and it has significant consequences on health outcomes. In Australia, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is comparatively low amongst Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders, yet no studies have examined the effect of multimorbidity on HRQoL within this at-risk population. This study seeks to fill that gap by employing a longitudinal research design. METHODS Longitudinal data were derived from three waves (9, 13, and 17) of the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. A total of 1007 person-year observations from 592 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander individuals aged 15 years and above were included. HRQoL was captured using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and multimorbidity was defined using self-reports of having been diagnosed with two or more chronic health conditions. Symmetric fixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess how intraindividual changes in multimorbidity were associated with intraindividual changes in HRQoL. RESULTS Approximately 21% of Indigenous Australians were classified as experiencing multimorbidity. Respondents had statistically significantly lower HRQoL on the SF-36 sub-scales, summary measures, and health-utility index in those observations in which they experienced multimorbidity. Among others, multimorbidity was associated with lower scores on the SF-36 physical-component scale (β = - 6.527; Standard Error [SE] = 1.579), mental-component scale (β = - 3.765; SE = 1.590) and short-form six-dimension utility index (β = - 0.075; SE = 0.017). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that having multiple chronic conditions is statistically significantly associated with lower HRQoL amongst Indigenous Australians. These findings suggest that comprehensive and culturally sensitive health strategies addressing the complex needs of individuals with multimorbidity should be implemented to improve the HRQoL of Indigenous Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Keramat
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Economics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Francisco Perales
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Michie Building (#9), St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Rumana Rashid
- Economics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Rezwanul Haque
- School of Business and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Nahid Monasi
- School of Business and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Rubayyat Hashmi
- School of Business and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Farzana Siddika
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zubayer Hassan Siddiqui
- Department of Business Administration, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Afshar Ali
- School of Business and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
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Masood M, Walsh LJ, Zafar S. Oral complications associated with metal ion release from oral piercings: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:677-690. [PMID: 37581705 PMCID: PMC10657282 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review explored dental complications associated with metal ion release from oral piercings using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. METHODS Item retrieval from October 2022 to December 2022 from databases, such as Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, using predefined search terms was undertaken by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted and risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. From 1509 identified studies, 25 were included for analysis. RESULTS Of the 25 studies, 20 included both clinical examination and questionnaire-based data. The remaining five studies were deemed low quality based on the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. The average time piercings were worn ranged between 5 and 48 months. Most studies did not investigate complications from metal ion release. Only two studies examined the direct effects of metal ion release and showed that metal ions may cause hypersensitivity reactions and mucosal changes. Other soft tissue complications were reported, with gingival recession noted in 16 out of 25 studies, especially due to lip piercings. Studies reporting other complications were as follows: swelling (9), pain (8), infection (6), bleeding (6), inflammation (5), alterations to speech, eating and/or swallowing (5), changes to taste or metallic taste (5), and mucosal changes (4). Ten studies reported tooth chipping from tongue piercings. CONCLUSION Oral piercings leach metal ions into surrounding tissues which may cause local mucosal changes. Furthermore, oral piercings cause damage to both soft and hard oral tissues, particularly gingival recession for lip piercings and tooth chipping for tongue piercings. Thus, to prevent such adverse injuries, dental professionals should discourage patients against oral piercings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masood
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston Qld, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - L J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston Qld, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - S Zafar
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston Qld, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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Keating SE, Sabag A, Hallsworth K, Hickman IJ, Macdonald GA, Stine JG, George J, Johnson NA. Exercise in the Management of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Adults: A Position Statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia. Sports Med 2023; 53:2347-2371. [PMID: 37695493 PMCID: PMC10687186 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting 25% of people globally and up to 80% of people with obesity. MAFLD is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver (hepatic steatosis) with varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. MAFLD is strongly linked with cardiometabolic disease and lifestyle-related cancers, in addition to heightened liver-related morbidity and mortality. This position statement examines evidence for exercise in the management of MAFLD and describes the role of the exercise professional in the context of the multi-disciplinary care team. The purpose of these guidelines is to equip the exercise professional with a broad understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings of MAFLD, how it is diagnosed and managed in clinical practice, and to provide evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for exercise therapy in MAFLD management. The majority of research evidence indicates that 150-240 min per week of at least moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can reduce hepatic steatosis by ~ 2-4% (absolute reduction), but as little as 135 min/week has been shown to be effective. While emerging evidence shows that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) approaches may provide comparable benefit on hepatic steatosis, there does not appear to be an intensity-dependent benefit, as long as the recommended exercise volume is achieved. This dose of exercise is likely to also reduce central adiposity, increase cardiorespiratory fitness and improve cardiometabolic health, irrespective of weight loss. Resistance training should be considered in addition to, and not instead of, aerobic exercise targets. The information in this statement is relevant and appropriate for people living with the condition historically termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), regardless of terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Room 534, Bd 26B, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Angelo Sabag
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Hallsworth
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ingrid J Hickman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, PA-Southside Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graeme A Macdonald
- Faculty of Medicine, PA-Southside Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University- College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Liver Center, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan A Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Tooth LR. Managing Screen Use in the Under-Fives: Recommendations for Parenting Intervention Development. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:943-956. [PMID: 37171529 PMCID: PMC10640456 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of excessive screen use on children's health and development is a public health concern and many countries have published recommendations to limit and guide the use of screen media in childhood. Despite this, international studies report that the majority of parents and children do not adhere to screen use recommendations. Existing research aiming to understand children' screen use has largely focused on older children, and on demographic and structural aspects of the child's environment. Parents play a central role in determining young children's screen use and identify numerous barriers to developing healthy screen use practices with their children. However, no clear models exist that incorporate key parenting factors in understanding children's screen use, which presents an impediment to intervention development. Likewise, while some evidence exists for interventions to improve children's screen use behaviours, most are focused on older children and parental involvement has generally been limited. In this paper, we overview key factors associated with screen use in young children (< 5 years) and summarise the existing evidence base for interventions designed to support healthy screen use. This paper proposes a conceptual model linking aspects of parenting and the socio-ecological environment to young children's screen use. Our proposed model could be used to design longitudinal studies of screen use predictors and outcomes, and inform intervention development. Finally, the paper provides key recommendations for future research, intervention development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leigh R Tooth
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Bailey C, Medeiros PDB, Ellwood DA, Middleton P, Andrews CJ, Flenady VJ. A systematic review of interventions to increase the use of smoking cessation services for women who smoke during pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 63:737-745. [PMID: 37621216 PMCID: PMC10952730 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many pregnant women accept referrals to stop-smoking support, the uptake of appointments often remains low. AIM The aim was to review the success of interventions to increase the uptake of external stop-smoking appointments following health professional referrals in pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and CINAHL were searched in February 2023 for studies with interventions to increase the uptake rates of external stop-smoking appointments among pregnant women who smoke. Eligible studies included randomised, controlled, cluster-randomised, quasi-randomised, before-and-after, interrupted time series, case-control and cohort studies. Cochrane tools assessing for bias and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS Two before-and-after studies were included, including a combined total of 1996 women who smoked during pregnancy. Both studies had a serious risk of bias, and meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity. One study testing carbon monoxide monitors and opt-out referrals showed increased uptake of external stop-smoking appointments, health professional referrals and smoking cessation rates compared to self-identified smoking status and opt-in referrals. Results were limited in the second study, which used carbon monoxide monitors, urinary cotinine levels and self-disclosed methods to identify the smoking status with opt-out referrals. Only post-intervention data were available on the uptake of appointments to external stop-smoking services. The number of health professional referrals increased, but change in smoking cessation rates was less clear. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to inform practice regarding strategies to increase the uptake of external stop-smoking appointments by women during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Bailey
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Poliana de Barros Medeiros
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics and NeonatologySunshine Coast University HospitalSunshine CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - David A. Ellwood
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Medicine & DentistryGriffith University and Gold Coast University HospitalGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Philippa Middleton
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) : Women and Kids and The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christine J. Andrews
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Vicki J. Flenady
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Arnfield EG, Tam L, Pattison DA, Younger J, Chikatamarla VA, Wyld D, Burge M, McCormack L, Ladwa R, Ramsay S. Cardiac metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms: complementary role of SSTR PET/CT and cardiac MRI. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2676-2691. [PMID: 37587328 PMCID: PMC10682059 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are being detected with increasing frequency, although the optimal imaging strategy remains unclear. We performed a single-center retrospective study to explore the role of somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SSTR PET/CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in NEN cardiac metastases, determine the degree of concordance between the findings of these imaging modalities, and examine the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technique. A secondary aim was to determine if cardiac metastases were associated with adverse cardiac events during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). METHODS AND RESULTS 19 patients with NEN cardiac metastases were identified. A retrospective review of electronic medical records was performed, and if available SSTR PET/CT and CMR were blindly re-reviewed by imaging specialists, documenting the number and location of cardiac metastases. All 19 patients had SSTR PET/CT, and 10/19 patients had CMR. SSTR PET/CT identified more metastases than CMR. When identified on CMR, metastases were more accurately localized. 12/19 patients received PRRT, with no cardiac adverse effects. CONCLUSION SSTR PET/CT and CMR are complementary investigations in the imaging of NEN cardiac metastases. SSTR PET/CT appears more sensitive for lesion detection, and CMR offers better lesion characterization. Both investigations present useful information for the planning of treatment including PRRT, which was administered safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyn G Arnfield
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Specialised PET Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Laura Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - David A Pattison
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Specialised PET Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Younger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Venkata Avinash Chikatamarla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Specialised PET Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Wyld
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew Burge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louise McCormack
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Stuart Ramsay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Specialised PET Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Pathmanathan S, Tariq A, Pearce A, Rhee H, Kyle S, Raveenthiran S, Wong D, McBean R, Marsh P, Goodman S, Dhiantravan N, Esler R, Dunglison N, Navaratnam A, Yaxley J, Thomas P, Pattison DA, Goh JC, Gan CL, Roberts MJ. Clinical impact of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography (PET) on intensification or deintensification of advanced renal cell carcinoma management. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 51:295-303. [PMID: 37592084 PMCID: PMC10684606 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an emerging role of the use of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we report our experience in use of PSMA PET in recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent PSMA PET for suspected recurrent or de-novo metastatic RCC between 2015 and 2020 at three institutions was performed. The primary outcome was change in management (intensification or de-intensification) following PSMA PET scan. Secondary outcomes included histopathological correlation of PSMA avid sites, comparison of sites of disease on PSMA PET to diagnostic CT and time to systemic treatment. RESULTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshan Pathmanathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arsalan Tariq
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam Pearce
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Wesley Urology Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Handoo Rhee
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel Kyle
- Department of, Medical Imaging, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheliyan Raveenthiran
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Department of Urology, Redcliffe Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Wong
- I-MED Radiology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon McBean
- I-MED Radiology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillip Marsh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven Goodman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nattakorn Dhiantravan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Esler
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Wesley Urology Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel Dunglison
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anojan Navaratnam
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Yaxley
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Wesley Urology Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Pattison
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C Goh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chun Loo Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Urology, Redcliffe Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Sun Y, Ferguson M, Reeves MM, Kelly JT. Maternal Dietary Patterns and Risk of Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:2077-2090. [PMID: 37814068 PMCID: PMC10618401 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postpartum depression (PPD) has deleterious effects on both maternal and child outcomes. Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been implicated in the development of PPD. This review aimed to explore the association between the overall dietary intake patterns during pregnancy and the development of PPD. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases for relevant randomized controlled trials, cohort and cross-sectional studies published up to 17th September 2020. Included studies assessed at least one dietary pattern during pregnancy and reported on PPD. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of methodology. A narrative analysis was conducted. RESULTS Ten studies (eight cohort and two cross-sectional) were included with substantial heterogeneity in measurements of dietary intake exposures and PPD. The studies identified several types of healthy dietary patterns, including a 'healthy', 'health conscious', 'Japanese', 'high-glycemic index/glycemic load', 'Vegetable', 'Nut-Fruit', 'Seafood', and 'compliance with the Australian Dietary Guidelines'. The 'Western', 'unhealthy', 'Beverage', 'Cereal-Meat', and 'Egg' were labelled as unhealthy dietary patterns. Four of the eight studies showed an inverse association between adherence to healthy diets and risk of PPD, whereas only one of the seven studies showed that adherence to unhealthy diets was associated with increased risk of PPD. Methodological quality of the studies varied across the sample. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that adherence to a healthy diet may be beneficial for PPD. However, the relationship between unhealthy diets and PPD needs to be corroborated by more high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Sun
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Megan Ferguson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Marina M Reeves
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jaimon T Kelly
- Centre for Online Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Brown T, Edwards A, Pashley A, Lehn B, Vasani S, Hodge R, Bauer J. Nutritional status and post-operative complications in patients undergoing surgery for advanced pharyngeal or laryngeal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5531-5538. [PMID: 37535080 PMCID: PMC10620302 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malnutrition is an important prognostic indicator of post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer, however, limited studies utilize validated nutrition assessment tools to accurately assess risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status on post-operative complications and length of stay for patients undergoing either a laryngectomy, pharyngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy for head and neck cancer. METHODS Patients with head and neck cancer undergoing a laryngectomy, pharyngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy at a tertiary hospital in Australia were eligible for this retrospective cohort study (n = 40). Nutritional status was assessed by the dietitian on admission using the validated Subjective Global Assessment tool. Clinical outcomes were collected via retrospective chart review and included length of stay and post-operative complications. RESULTS Pre-operative malnutrition incidence was 40%. Malnourished patients had higher incidences of any type of complication (57% vs 44%, p = 0.013) and pressure injury (86% vs 14%, p = 0.011) compared to well-nourished patients. Well-nourished patients had a clinically important shorter median length of stay compared to malnourished patients (17.5 vs 20 days). CONCLUSION Early identification and management of malnutrition is essential to minimize risk of post-operative complications and reduce length of stay and should be considered a key component of prehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Department of Dietetics and Food Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Anna Edwards
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Dietetics and Food Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Alice Pashley
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Belinda Lehn
- Department of Speech Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Department of Ear Nose Throat, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Hodge
- Department of Ear Nose Throat, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith Bauer
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Eley VA, Guy L, Woods C, Llewellyn S, Van Zundert AAJ. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurements in anesthetized apneic patients with BMI > 35 kg/m 2. J Anesth 2023; 37:971-975. [PMID: 37814088 PMCID: PMC10654171 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-023-03263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurement (TcCO2) offers the ability to continuously and non-invasively monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) tensions when end-tidal monitoring is not possible. The accuracy of TcCO2 has not been established in anesthetized apneic patients with obesity. In this secondary publication, we present a methods comparison analysis of TcCO2 with the gold standard arterial PCO2, in adult patients with body mass index (BMI) > 35kg/m2 who were randomized to receive high flow or low flow nasal oxygenation during post-induction apnea. Agreement between PaCO2 and TcCO2 at baseline, the start of apnea and the end of apnea were assessed using a non-parametric difference plot. Forty-two participants had a median (IQR) BMI of 52 (40-58.5) kg/m2. The mean (SD) PaCO2 was 33.9 (4.0) mmHg at baseline and 51.4 (7.5) mmHg at the end of apnea. The bias was the greatest at the end of apnea median (95% CI, 95% limits of agreement) 1.90 mmHg (-2.64 to 6.44, -7.10 to 22.90). Findings did not suggest significant systematic differences between the PaCO2 and TcCO2 measures. For a short period of apnea, TcCO2 showed inadequate agreement with PaCO2 in patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2. These techniques require comparison in a larger population, with more frequent sampling and over a longer timeframe, before TcCO2 can be confidently recommended in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Eley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
| | - Louis Guy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Christine Woods
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Stacey Llewellyn
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andre A J Van Zundert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Downie AT, Wu NC, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. Sublethal consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure on vertebrates: Synthesis through meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6620-6634. [PMID: 37366045 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is a natural daytime stressor for vertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. UVR effects on the physiology of vertebrates manifest at the cellular level, but have bottom-up effects at the tissue level and on whole-animal performance and behaviours. Climate change and habitat loss (i.e. loss of shelter from UVR) could interact with and exacerbate the genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts of UVR on vertebrates. Therefore, it is important to understand the range and magnitude of effects that UVR can have on a diversity of physiological metrics, and how these may be shaped by taxa, life stage or geographical range in the major vertebrate groups. Using a meta-analytical approach, we used 895 observations from 47 different vertebrate species (fish, amphibian, reptile and bird), and 51 physiological metrics (i.e. cellular, tissue and whole-animal metrics), across 73 independent studies, to elucidate the general patterns of UVR effects on vertebrate physiology. We found that while UVR's impacts on vertebrates are generally negative, fish and amphibians were the most susceptible taxa, adult and larvae were the most susceptible life stages, and animals inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes were the most susceptible to UVR stress. This information is critical to further our understanding of the adaptive capacity of vulnerable taxon to UVR stress, and the wide-spread sublethal physiological effects of UVR on vertebrates, such as DNA damage and cellular stress, which may translate up to impaired growth and locomotor performance. These impairments to individual fitness highlighted by our study may potentially cause disruptions at the ecosystem scale, especially if the effects of this pervasive diurnal stressor are exacerbated by climate change and reduced refuge due to habitat loss and degradation. Therefore, conservation of habitats that provide refuge to UVR stress will be critical to mitigate stress from this pervasive daytime stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Downie
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Triple P is an integrated, multi-level system of evidence-based parenting support designed to promote the well-being of children and families to reduce prevalence rates of social, emotional, and behavioral problems in children and adolescents and to prevent child maltreatment. The system developed gradually over four decades to address the complex needs of parents and children from diverse family, socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. It blends universal and targeted programs, a focus on developing parental self-regulation capabilities, and adopts a life span perspective with a population health framework. The Triple P system is used as a case example to discuss the past, present and future challenges, and opportunities involved in developing, evaluating, adapting, scaling and maintaining a sustainable system of evidence-based parenting intervention. Seven stages of program development are outlined from initial theory building and development of the core parenting program through to the sustained deployment of the intervention system delivered at scale. The importance of ongoing research and evaluation is highlighted so that different programs within the system evolve and adapt to address the contemporary concerns and priorities of families in diverse cultural contexts. A well-trained workforce is essential to deliver evidence-based programs, in a need-responsive manner that blends both fidelity of delivery and flexibility and is tailored to respond to the needs of individual families and local context. Programs need to be gender-sensitive, culturally informed, and attuned to the local context including relevant policies, resources, cultural factors, funding, workforce availability and their capacity to implement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Moore MJ, Hearne L, Demeyere N, Mattingley JB. Comprehensive voxel-wise, tract-based, and network lesion mapping reveals unique architectures of right and left visuospatial neglect. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2067-2087. [PMID: 37697138 PMCID: PMC10587018 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Visuospatial neglect is a common, post-stroke cognitive impairment which is widely considered to be a disconnection syndrome. However, the patterns of disconnectivity associated with visuospatial neglect remain unclear. Here, we had 480 acute stroke survivors [age = 72.8 (SD = 13.3), 44.3% female, 7.5 days post-stroke (SD = 11.3)] undertake routine clinical imaging and standardised visuospatial neglect testing. The data were used to conduct voxel-wise, tract-level, and network-level lesion-mapping analyses aimed at localising the neural correlates of left and right egocentric (body-centred) and allocentric (object-centred) visuospatial neglect. Only minimal anatomical homogeneity was present between the correlates of right and left egocentric neglect across all analysis types. This finding challenges previous work suggesting that right and left visuospatial neglect are anatomically homologous, and instead suggests that egocentric neglect may involve damage to a shared, but hemispherically asymmetric attention network. By contrast, egocentric and allocentric neglect was associated with disconnectivity in a distinct but overlapping set of network edges, with both deficits related to damage across the dorsal and ventral attention networks. Critically, this finding suggests that the distinction between egocentric and allocentric neglect is unlikely to reflect a simple dichotomy between dorsal versus ventral networks dysfunction, as is commonly asserted. Taken together, the current findings provide a fresh perspective on the neural circuitry involved in regulating visuospatial attention, and provide important clues to understanding the cognitive and perceptual processes involved in this common and debilitating neuropsychological syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Jane Moore
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Luke Hearne
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nele Demeyere
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Choi S, Choi J, Peters OA, Peters CI. Design of an interactive system for access cavity assessment: A novel feedback tool for preclinical endodontics. Eur J Dent Educ 2023; 27:1031-1039. [PMID: 36655941 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A software program was developed to provide visual, guided feedback to students for access cavity preparations in preclinical learning. The specific aim of the study was to investigate students' overall experiences with the new learning method and compare their experiences with traditional teaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS A workflow based on freely available software was designed to interactively register three-dimensional models of molars with access cavities, and to metrically compare these to instructor-prepared standard cavities. Third-year students practicing molar endodontics access cavity preparation in the preclinical course were then surveyed. A total of 44/79 students completed self-administered questionnaires prior and after the use of the feedback software to gauge their learning experience. RESULTS The results of the post-training questionnaire illustrated that all surveyed students agreed/strongly agreed that the software assisted their learning in access cavity preparation. In addition, 86 and 89%, respectively, of students agreed that the use of the software improved their skills of access cavity preparation and felt more confident about their access cavity preparation skills after using the software package, 3D Dental Align. DISCUSSION The presented software solution permitted setting and comparing access cavity preparations by students against a standard access prepared by an instructor. The process of data acquisition and registration was fast and straightforward. Student feedback was very positive and suggested the integration of this type of experiential learning into the preclinical curriculum. CONCLUSION This feasibility study demonstrated the utility of the new technology to assist dental students' access cavity preparation learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Choi
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jiwon Choi
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christine I Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Healy SS, Stephan CN. Perspective distortion tolerances and skull-face registration in craniofacial superimposition: an analytical review. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1767-1776. [PMID: 37702755 PMCID: PMC10567890 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial superimposition requires the photographic registration of a skull at transparency to a photograph of an antemortem (AM) face so that anatomical concordance between the two can be assessed. When the camera vantage point of the AM photograph is exactly replicated for skull photography, the superimposition is a relatively straightforward process as the images are precisely comparable without complicating factors. In practice, however, focus distances are almost never exactly replicated because the focus distance for AM face photography is rarely known. Embedded differences in perspective, thereby, drive the images away from correspondence, raising questions as to how much difference can be tolerated and what image registration methods should be used. Recently, a ± 1% mismatch in facial height has been posited as an acceptable upper tolerance limit to differential perspective, but this proposition is speculative and has not yet been confirmed by tests on real-life images. In addition, the impact of image registration methods, though critically relevant, has received comparatively little consideration. This paper provides the first in-depth review of these intertwined perspective/registration matters and objective evaluation of tolerances by using real 2D photographic images and synthetic images generated from 3D CT data to demonstrate perspective impact on skull morphology. Taken together, the review confirms a ≤ 1% perspective difference in facial height to be a suitable criterion for craniofacial superimposition (at least as a starting point for method improvement), and that image registration should be point-based using a sellion/nasion combination to minimize anatomical misalignment in the principal region-of-interest (the mid-face).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Healy
- Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Carl N Stephan
- Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Abstract
Given the under-utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation despite its benefits, there has been a shift towards alternative delivery models. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated this shift, leading to a growing interest in home-based cardiac rehabilitation including telerehabilitation. There is increasing evidence to support cardiac telerehabilitation, with studies generally demonstrating comparable outcomes and potential cost-benefits. This review aims to provide a synopsis of the current evidence on home-based cardiac rehabilitation with a focus on telerehabilitation and practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hwang
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Elise M Gane
- Department of Physiotherapy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Norman R Morris
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Allied Health Research Collaborative, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Health, Brisbane, Australia
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Healy SS, Stephan CN. Focus distance estimation from photographed faces: a test of PerspectiveX using 1709 frontal and profile photographs from DSLR and smartphone cameras. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1907-1920. [PMID: 37702754 PMCID: PMC10567895 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
As focus distance (FD) sets perspective, it is an important consideration for the forensic analysis of faces in photographs, including those used for craniofacial superimposition. In the craniofacial superimposition domain, the PerspectiveX algorithm has been suggested for FD estimation. This algorithm uses a mean value of palpebral fissure length, as a scale, to estimate the FD. So far, PerspectiveX has not been validated for profile view photographs or for photographs taken with smartphones. This study tests PerspectiveX in both front and profile views, using multiple DSLR cameras, lenses and smartphones. In total, 1709 frontal and 1709 profile photographs of 10 adult participants were tested at 15 ground truth FDs using three DSLR cameras with 12 camera/lens combinations, five smartphone back cameras and four smartphone front cameras. Across all distances, PerspectiveX performed with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 11% and 12% for DSLR photographs in frontal and profile views, respectively, while errors doubled for frontal and profile photographs from smartphones (26% and 27%, respectively). This reverifies FD estimation for frontal DSLR photographs, validates FD estimates from profile view DSLR photographs and shows that FD estimation is currently inaccurate for smartphones. Until such time that FD estimations for facial photographs taken using smartphones improves, DSLR or 35 mm film images should continue to be sought for craniofacial superimpositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Healy
- Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Carl N Stephan
- Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Anirban A, Masouleh AK, Henry RJ, O'Hare TJ. Sequence variations associated with novel purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn compared to its purple-pericarp maize and white super-sweetcorn parents. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1395-1405. [PMID: 37679604 PMCID: PMC10657292 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel purple-pericarp super-sweetcorn line, 'Tim1' (A1A1.sh2sh2) was derived from the purple-pericarp maize 'Costa Rica' (A1Sh2.A1Sh2) and white shrunken2 (sh2) super-sweetcorn 'Tims-white' (a1sh2.a1sh2), however, information regarding anthocyanin biosynthesis genes controlling purple colour and sweetness gene is lacking. Specific sequence differences in the CDS (coding DNA sequence) and promoter regions of the anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes, anthocyanin1 (A1), purple aleurone1 (Pr1) and regulatory genes, purple plant1 (Pl1), plant colour1 (B1), coloured1 (R1), and the sweetcorn structural gene, shrunken2 (sh2) were investigated using the publicly available annotated yellow starchy maize, B73 (NAM5.0) as a reference genome. In the CDS region, the A1, Pl1 and R1 gene sequence differences of 'Tim1' and 'Costa Rica' were similar, as they control purple-pericarp pigmentation. However, the B1 gene showed similarity between the 'Tim1' and 'Tims-white' lines, which may indicate that it does not have a role in controlling pericarp colour, unlike the report of a previous study. In the case of the Pr1 gene, in contrast to 'Costa Rica', 6- and 8-bp dinucleotide (TA) repeats were observed in the promoter region of the 'Tims-white' and 'Tim1' lines, respectively, indicating the defective functionality (redder colour in 'Tim1' rather than purple in 'Costa Rica') of the recessive pr1 allele. In sweetcorn, the structural gene (sh2), sequence showed similarity between purple-sweet 'Tim1' and its white-sweet parent 'Tims-white', as both display a shrunken phenotype in their mature kernels. These findings revealed that the developed purple-sweet line is different to the reference yellow-nonsweet line in both the anthocyanin biosynthesis and sweetcorn genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Anirban
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Robert J Henry
- Centre for Crop Science, QAAFI, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim J O'Hare
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Franco H, Williamson F, Manzanero S, Schuetz M. Clavicle fixation to reduce short-term analgesia and improve respiratory function in patients with chest wall injuries. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:6561-6567. [PMID: 37401951 PMCID: PMC10542300 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to determine if operative fixation of clavicle fractures in patients with non-operatively treated ipsilateral rib fractures is associated with a lower overall analgesic requirement and improved respiratory function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted involving patients admitted to a single tertiary trauma centre having sustained a clavicle fracture with ipsilateral rib fracture/s between January 2014 and June 2020. Patients were excluded if brain, abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb trauma was identified. 31 patients with operative clavicle fixation (study group) were matched 1:1 to 31 patients with non-operative management of the clavicle fracture (control group) based on age, sex, number of rib fractures and injury severity score. The primary outcome was the number of analgesic types used, and the secondary outcome was respiratory function. RESULTS The study group required a mean of 3.50 types of analgesia prior to surgery which decreased to 1.57 post-surgery. The control group required 2.92 types of analgesia, reducing to 1.65 after the date of surgery in the study group. A General Linear Mixed Model indicated that the intervention (operative vs. non-operative management) had statistically significant effects on the number of required analgesic types (p < 0.001, [Formula: see text] = 0.365), oxygen saturation (p = 0.001, [Formula: see text] = 0.341, 95% CI 0.153-0.529) and temporal decline in daily supplemental oxygen requirement (p < 0.001, [Formula: see text] = 0.626, 95% CI 0.455-0.756). CONCLUSION This study supported the hypothesis that operative clavicle fixation reduces short-term in-patient analgesia use and improves respiratory parameters in patients with ipsilateral rib fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Franco
- Trauma Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Orthopaedic Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
| | - Frances Williamson
- Trauma Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Emergency and Trauma Center, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Silvia Manzanero
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Schuetz
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Orthopaedic Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
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Khan A, McLeod G, Hidajat T, Edwards EJ. Excessive Smartphone Use is Associated with Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep Quality of Australian Adults. J Med Syst 2023; 47:109. [PMID: 37858009 PMCID: PMC10587281 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-02005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Problematic smartphone use has been associated with poorer mental health in different population groups; however, little is known about how levels of smartphone use were associated with mental health outcomes of adults in Australia. Using data from a cross-sectional survey among Australian adults aged 18-59 years (n = 655, Mean = 24.55 [SD = 5.59] years; 66% female), the current study aimed to examine association between problematic smartphone use and different psychological outcomes. Participants completed measures of problematic smartphone use with Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS), mental health outcomes with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in addition to some socio-demographics. Smartphone use was categorised into three groups: low-moderate, moderate-high, and high-severe. A total of 160 adults (24.4%) reported high-severe smartphone use. Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that smartphone use was inversely associated with psychological outcomes in a dose-dependent manner with high-severe smartphone uses having the most adverse effects. Compared to low-moderate use, average depression score was 3.5 points higher for moderate-high smartphone use (β = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.63-5.40) and 6.9 points higher for high-severe smartphone use (β = 6.91, 95% CI: 4.74-9.07). Similarly, average stress score was 3.4 points higher for moderate-high smartphone use (β = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.75-5.06) and 7.0 points higher for high-severe smartphone use (β = 7.02, 95% CI: 5.11-8.93). Similar association estimates were found for anxiety and sleep quality. Reducing smartphone use has the potential to optimise depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality; however, longitudinal research is warranted to establish directionality of the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey McLeod
- School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tarissa Hidajat
- School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Edwards
- School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Gurgenci T, Kijanka G, Greer R, Huggett G, Good P, Moniruzzaman M, Hardy J. Exploring potential anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal cannabis. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:629. [PMID: 37837446 PMCID: PMC10576726 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation is thought to play a key role in malignant disease and may play a significant part in the expression of cancer-related symptoms. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a bioactive compound in cannabis and is reported to have significant anti-inflammatory properties. METHOD Serial C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in all participants recruited to a randomised controlled trial of CBD versus placebo in patients with symptoms related to advanced cancer. A panel of inflammatory cytokines was measured over time in a subset of these patients. RESULTS There was no difference between the two arms in the trajectory of CRP or cytokine levels from baseline to day 28. CONCLUSION We were unable to demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect of CBD in cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR 26180001220257, registered 20/07/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Gurgenci
- Department Palliative and Supportive Care, 10th floor, Mater Health Services, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ristan Greer
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Torus Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Georgie Huggett
- Department Palliative and Supportive Care, 10th floor, Mater Health Services, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Phillip Good
- Department Palliative and Supportive Care, 10th floor, Mater Health Services, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Palliative Care, St Vincent's Private Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janet Hardy
- Department Palliative and Supportive Care, 10th floor, Mater Health Services, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Cheng D, Zhang J, Fu J, Song H, Yu C. A hierarchical spatial assembly approach of silica-polymer composites leads to versatile silica/carbon nanoparticles. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi7502. [PMID: 37792932 PMCID: PMC10550229 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of silica and polymer in the absence of surfactant templates is an emerging strategy to construct intricate nanostructures, whereas the underlying mechanism and structural versatility remain largely unexplored. We report a hierarchical spatial assembly strategy of silica-polymer composites to produce silica and carbon nanoparticles with unprecedented structures. The assembly hierarchy involves a higher length scale asymmetric A-B-A core-shell-type spatial assembly in a composite sphere, and a nanoscale assembly in the middle layer B in which the silica/polymer ratio governs the assembled structures of silica nanodomains. Through an in-depth understanding of the hierarchical spatial assembly mechanism, a series of silica and carbon nanoparticles with intriguing and controllable architectures are obtained that cannot be easily achieved via conventional surfactant-templating approaches. This work opens an avenue toward the designed synthesis of nanoparticles with precisely regulated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianye Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Pegna AJ, Framorando D, Yu Z, Buhmann Z, Nelson N, Dixson BJW. Hierarchical status is rapidly assessed from behaviourally dominant faces. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2023; 23:1267-1280. [PMID: 37198384 PMCID: PMC10545651 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of social hierarchy is a key feature that helps us navigate through our complex social environment. Neuroimaging studies have identified brain structures involved in the processing of hierarchical stimuli, but the precise temporal dynamics of brain activity associated with such processing remains largely unknown. In this investigation, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the effect of social hierarchy on the neural responses elicited by dominant and nondominant faces. Participants played a game where they were led to believe that they were middle-rank players, responding alongside other alleged players, whom they perceived as higher or lower-ranking. ERPs were examined in response to dominant and nondominant faces, and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was used to identify the implicated brain areas. The results revealed that the amplitude of the N170 component was enhanced for faces of dominant individuals, showing that hierarchy influences the early stages of face processing. A later component, the late positive potential (LPP) appearing between 350-700 ms, also was enhanced for faces of higher-ranking players. Source localisation suggested that the early modulation was due to an enhanced response in limbic regions. These findings provide electrophysiological evidence for enhanced early visual processing of socially dominant faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Pegna
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - David Framorando
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhou Yu
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zak Buhmann
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole Nelson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barnaby J W Dixson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, QLD, Sippy Downs, Australia
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