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Russo ML, Ayala G, Neal D, Rogalsky AE, Ahmad S, Musial TF, Pearlman M, Bean LA, Farooqi AK, Ahmed A, Castaneda A, Patel A, Parduhn Z, Haddad LG, Gabriel A, Disterhoft JF, Nicholson DA. Alzheimer's-linked axonal changes accompany elevated antidromic action potential failure rate in aged mice. Brain Res 2024; 1841:149083. [PMID: 38866308 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects both grey and white matter (WM), but considerably more is known about the former. Interestingly, WM disruption has been consistently observed and thoroughly described using imaging modalities, particularly MRI which has shown WM functional disconnections between the hippocampus and other brain regions during AD pathogenesis when early neurodegeneration and synapse loss are also evident. Nonetheless, high-resolution structural and functional analyses of WM during AD pathogenesis remain scarce. Given the importance of the myelinated axons in the WM for conveying information across brain regions, such studies will provide valuable information on the cellular drivers and consequences of WM disruption that contribute to the characteristic cognitive decline of AD. Here, we employed a multi-scale approach to investigate hippocampal WM disruption during AD pathogenesis and determine whether hippocampal WM changes accompany the well-documented grey matter losses. Our data indicate that ultrastructural myelin disruption is elevated in the alveus in human AD cases and increases with age in 5xFAD mice. Unreliable action potential propagation and changes to sodium channel expression at the node of Ranvier co-emerged with this deterioration. These findings provide important insight to the neurobiological substrates and functional consequences of decreased WM integrity and are consistent with the notion that hippocampal disconnection contributes to cognitive changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Russo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Gelique Ayala
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Demetria Neal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Annalise E Rogalsky
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Suzan Ahmad
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Timothy F Musial
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Morgan Pearlman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Linda A Bean
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anise K Farooqi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aysha Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Adrian Castaneda
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aneri Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zachary Parduhn
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Loreece G Haddad
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ashley Gabriel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel A Nicholson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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2
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Man JHK, Zarekiani P, Mosen P, de Kok M, Debets DO, Breur M, Altelaar M, van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M. Proteomic dissection of vanishing white matter pathogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:234. [PMID: 38789799 PMCID: PMC11126554 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B. To date, it remains unclear which factors contribute to VWM pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the basis of VWM pathogenesis using the 2b5ho mouse model. We first mapped the temporal proteome in the cerebellum, corpus callosum, cortex, and brainstem of 2b5ho and wild-type (WT) mice. Protein changes observed in 2b5ho mice were then cross-referenced with published proteomic datasets from VWM patient brain tissue to define alterations relevant to the human disease. By comparing 2b5ho mice with their region- and age-matched WT counterparts, we showed that the proteome in the cerebellum and cortex of 2b5ho mice was already dysregulated prior to pathology development, whereas proteome changes in the corpus callosum only occurred after pathology onset. Remarkably, protein changes in the brainstem were transient, indicating that a compensatory mechanism might occur in this region. Importantly, 2b5ho mouse brain proteome changes reflect features well-known in VWM. Comparison of the 2b5ho mouse and VWM patient brain proteomes revealed shared changes. These could represent changes that contribute to the disease or even drive its progression in patients. Taken together, we show that the 2b5ho mouse brain proteome is affected in a region- and time-dependent manner. We found that the 2b5ho mouse model partly replicates the human disease at the protein level, providing a resource to study aspects of VWM pathogenesis by highlighting alterations from early to late disease stages, and those that possibly drive disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie H K Man
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Parand Zarekiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Mosen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mike de Kok
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donna O Debets
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Bin JM, Suminaite D, Benito-Kwiecinski SK, Kegel L, Rubio-Brotons M, Early JJ, Soong D, Livesey MR, Poole RJ, Lyons DA. Importin 13-dependent axon diameter growth regulates conduction speeds along myelinated CNS axons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1790. [PMID: 38413580 PMCID: PMC10899189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon diameter influences the conduction properties of myelinated axons, both directly, and indirectly through effects on myelin. However, we have limited understanding of mechanisms controlling axon diameter growth in the central nervous system, preventing systematic dissection of how manipulating diameter affects myelination and conduction along individual axons. Here we establish zebrafish to study axon diameter. We find that importin 13b is required for axon diameter growth, but does not affect cell body size or axon length. Using neuron-specific ipo13b mutants, we assess how reduced axon diameter affects myelination and conduction, and find no changes to myelin thickness, precision of action potential propagation, or ability to sustain high frequency firing. However, increases in conduction speed that occur along single myelinated axons with development are tightly linked to their growth in diameter. This suggests that axon diameter growth is a major driver of increases in conduction speeds along myelinated axons over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenea M Bin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Daumante Suminaite
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Linde Kegel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maria Rubio-Brotons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jason J Early
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Daniel Soong
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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4
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Man JHK, van Gelder CAGH, Breur M, Molenaar D, Abbink T, Altelaar M, Bugiani M, van der Knaap MS. Regional vulnerability of brain white matter in vanishing white matter. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:103. [PMID: 37349783 PMCID: PMC10286497 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy that primarily manifests in young children. In this disease, the brain white matter is differentially affected in a predictable pattern with telencephalic brain areas being most severely affected, while others remain allegedly completely spared. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we investigated the proteome patterns of the white matter in the severely affected frontal lobe and normal appearing pons in VWM and control cases to identify molecular bases underlying regional vulnerability. By comparing VWM patients to controls, we identified disease-specific proteome patterns. We showed substantial changes in both the VWM frontal and pons white matter at the protein level. Side-by-side comparison of brain region-specific proteome patterns further revealed regional differences. We found that different cell types were affected in the VWM frontal white matter than in the pons. Gene ontology and pathway analyses identified involvement of region specific biological processes, of which pathways involved in cellular respiratory metabolism were overarching features. In the VWM frontal white matter, proteins involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and metabolism of various amino acids were decreased compared to controls. By contrast, in the VWM pons white matter, we found a decrease in proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, our data show that brain regions are affected in parallel in VWM, but to different degrees. We found region-specific involvement of different cell types and discovered that cellular respiratory metabolism is likely to be differentially affected across white matter regions in VWM. These region-specific changes help explain regional vulnerability to pathology in VWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie H K Man
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A G H van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Department of Systems Bioinformatics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Truus Abbink
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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5
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Man JHK, van Gelder CAGH, Breur M, Okkes D, Molenaar D, van der Sluis S, Abbink T, Altelaar M, van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M. Cortical Pathology in Vanishing White Matter. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223581. [PMID: 36429009 PMCID: PMC9688115 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanishing white matter (VWM) is classified as a leukodystrophy with astrocytes as primary drivers in its pathogenesis. Magnetic resonance imaging has documented the progressive thinning of cortices in long-surviving patients. Routine histopathological analyses, however, have not yet pointed to cortical involvement in VWM. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the VWM cortex. We employed high-resolution-mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and immunohistochemistry to gain insight into possible molecular disease mechanisms in the cortices of VWM patients. The proteome analysis revealed 268 differentially expressed proteins in the VWM cortices compared to the controls. A majority of these proteins formed a major protein interaction network. A subsequent gene ontology analysis identified enrichment for terms such as cellular metabolism, particularly mitochondrial activity. Importantly, some of the proteins with the most prominent changes in expression were found in astrocytes, indicating cortical astrocytic involvement. Indeed, we confirmed that VWM cortical astrocytes exhibit morphological changes and are less complex in structure than control cells. Our findings also suggest that these astrocytes are immature and not reactive. Taken together, we provide insights into cortical involvement in VWM, which has to be taken into account when developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie H. K. Man
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A. G. H. van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Okkes
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Department of Systems Bioinformatics, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Truus Abbink
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-48517239
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6
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Liu Y, Yue W, Yu S, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Zhu R, Song B, Guo T, Liu F, Huang Y, Wu T, Wang H. A physical perspective to understand myelin II: The physical origin of myelin development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951998. [PMID: 36263368 PMCID: PMC9574017 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical principle of myelin development is obtained from our previous study by explaining Peter’s quadrant mystery: an externally applied negative and positive E-field can promote and inhibit the growth of the inner tongue of the myelin sheath, respectively. In this study, this principle is considered as a fundamental hypothesis, named Hypothesis-E, to explain more phenomena about myelin development systematically. Specifically, the g-ratio and the fate of the Schwann cell’s differentiation are explained in terms of the E-field. Moreover, an experiment is proposed to validate this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenji Yue
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shoujun Yu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Song
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Health Bioinformatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tianzhun Wu,
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Hao Wang,
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7
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Maharjan S, Tsai AP, Lin PB, Ingraham C, Jewett MR, Landreth GE, Oblak AL, Wang N. Age-dependent microstructure alterations in 5xFAD mice by high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:964654. [PMID: 36061588 PMCID: PMC9428354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.964654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the age-dependent microstructure changes in 5xFAD mice using high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods The 5xFAD mice at 4, 7.5, and 12 months and the wild-type controls at 4 months were scanned at 9.4T using a 3D echo-planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence with the isotropic spatial resolution of 100 μm. The b-value was 3000 s/mm2 for all the diffusion MRI scans. The samples were also acquired with a gradient echo pulse sequence at 50 μm isotropic resolution. The microstructure changes were quantified with DTI metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). The conventional histology was performed to validate with MRI findings. Results The FA values (p = 0.028) showed significant differences in the cortex between wild-type (WT) and 5xFAD mice at 4 months, while hippocampus, anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and fornix showed no significant differences for either FA and MD. FA values of 5xFAD mice gradually decreased in cortex (0.140 ± 0.007 at 4 months, 0.132 ± 0.008 at 7.5 months, 0.126 ± 0.013 at 12 months) and fornix (0.140 ± 0.007 at 4 months, 0.132 ± 0.008 at 7.5 months, 0.126 ± 0.013 at 12 months) with aging. Both FA (p = 0.029) and MD (p = 0.037) demonstrated significant differences in corpus callosum between 4 and 12 months age old. FA and MD were not significantly different in the hippocampus or anterior commissure. The age-dependent microstructure alterations were better captured by FA when compared to MD. Conclusion FA showed higher sensitivity to monitor amyloid deposition in 5xFAD mice. DTI may be utilized as a sensitive biomarker to monitor beta-amyloid progression for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Maharjan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andy P. Tsai
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Peter B. Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cynthia Ingraham
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Megan R. Jewett
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Gary E. Landreth
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adrian L. Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Nian Wang,
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8
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Hillen AEJ, Leferink PS, Breeuwsma NB, Dooves S, Bergaglio T, Van der Knaap MS, Heine VM. Therapeutic potential of human stem cell transplantations for Vanishing White Matter: A quest for the Goldilocks graft. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1315-1325. [PMID: 35778846 PMCID: PMC9344080 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vanishing white matter (VWM) is a leukodystrophy that leads to neurological dysfunction and early death. Astrocytes are indicated as therapeutic target, because of their central role in VWM pathology. Previous cell replacement therapy using primary mouse glial precursors phenotypically improved VWM mice. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the translational potential of human stem cell‐derived glial cell replacement therapy for VWM. We generated various glial cell types from human pluripotent stem cells in order to identify a human cell population that successfully ameliorates disease hallmarks of a VWM mouse model. The effects of cell grafts on motor skills and VWM brain pathology were assessed. Results Transplantation of human glial precursor populations improved the VWM phenotype. The intrinsic properties of these cells were partially reflected by cell fate post‐transplantation, but were also affected by the host microenvironment. Strikingly, the spread of transplanted cells into the white matter versus the gray matter was different when grafted into the VWM brain as compared to a healthy brain. Conclusions Transplantation of human glial cell populations can have therapeutic effects for VWM. For further translation to the clinic, the microenvironment in the VWM patient brain should be considered as an important moderator of cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E J Hillen
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Prisca S Leferink
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole B Breeuwsma
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Dooves
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Talia Bergaglio
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo S Van der Knaap
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivi M Heine
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bugiani M, Plug BC, Man JHK, Breur M, van der Knaap MS. Heterogeneity of white matter astrocytes in the human brain. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:159-177. [PMID: 34878591 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate central nervous system development, maintain its homeostasis and orchestrate repair upon injury. Emerging evidence support functional specialization of astroglia, both between and within brain regions. Different subtypes of gray matter astrocytes have been identified, yet molecular and functional diversity of white matter astrocytes remains largely unexplored. Nonetheless, their important and diverse roles in maintaining white matter integrity and function are well recognized. Compelling evidence indicate that impairment of normal astrocytic function and their response to injury contribute to a wide variety of diseases, including white matter disorders. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity in the white matter of the mammalian brain and how an interplay between developmental origins and local environmental cues contribute to astroglial diversification. In addition, we discuss whether, and if so, how, heterogeneous astrocytes could contribute to white matter function in health and disease and focus on the sparse human research data available. We highlight four leukodystrophies primarily due to astrocytic dysfunction, the so-called astrocytopathies. Insight into the role of astroglial heterogeneity in both healthy and diseased white matter may provide new avenues for therapies aimed at promoting repair and restoring normal white matter function.
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10
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Stellingwerff MD, Al-Saady ML, van de Brug T, Barkhof F, Pouwels PJW, van der Knaap MS. MRI Natural History of the Leukodystrophy Vanishing White Matter. Radiology 2021; 300:671-680. [PMID: 34184934 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021210110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background In vanishing white matter (VWM), a form of leukodystrophy, earlier onset is associated with faster clinical progression. MRI typically shows rarefaction and cystic destruction of the cerebral white matter. Information on the evolution of VWM according to age at onset is lacking. Purpose To determine whether nature and progression of cerebral white matter abnormalities in VWM differ according to age at onset. Materials and Methods Patients with genetically confirmed VWM were stratified into six groups according to age at onset: younger than 1 year, 1 year to younger than 2 years, 2 years to younger than 4 years, 4 years to younger than 8 years, 8 years to younger than 18 years, and 18 years or older. With institutional review board approval, all available MRI scans obtained between 1985 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed with three methods: (a) ratio of the width of the lateral ventricles over the skull (ventricle-to-skull ratio [VSR]) was measured to estimate brain atrophy; (b) cerebral white matter was visually scored as percentage normal, hyperintense, rarefied, or cystic on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images and converted into a white matter decay score; and (c) the intracranial volume was segmented into normal-appearing white and gray matter, abnormal but structurally present (FLAIR-hyperintense) and rarefied or cystic (FLAIR-hypointense) white matter, and ventricular and extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Multilevel regression analyses with patient as a clustering variable were performed to account for the nested data structure. Results A total of 461 examinations in 270 patients (median age, 7 years [interquartile range, 3-18 years]; 144 female patients) were evaluated; 112 patients had undergone serial imaging. Patients with later onset had higher VSR [F(5) = 8.42; P < .001] and CSF volume [F(5) = 21.7; P < .001] and lower white matter decay score [F(5) = 4.68; P < .001] and rarefied or cystic white matter volume [F(5) = 13.3; P < .001]. Rate of progression of white matter decay scores [b = -1.6, t(109) = -3.9; P < .001] and VSRs [b = -0.05, t (109) = -3.7; P < .001] were lower with later onset. Conclusion A radiologic spectrum based on age at onset exists in vanishing white matter. The earlier the onset, the faster and more cystic the white matter decay, whereas with later onset, white matter atrophy and gliosis predominate. © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno D Stellingwerff
- From the Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands (M.D.S., M.L.A., M.S.v.d.K.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.v.d.B.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., P.J.W.P.); Institutes of Neurology and Health Care Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.v.d.K.)
| | - Murtadha L Al-Saady
- From the Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands (M.D.S., M.L.A., M.S.v.d.K.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.v.d.B.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., P.J.W.P.); Institutes of Neurology and Health Care Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.v.d.K.)
| | - Tim van de Brug
- From the Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands (M.D.S., M.L.A., M.S.v.d.K.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.v.d.B.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., P.J.W.P.); Institutes of Neurology and Health Care Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.v.d.K.)
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands (M.D.S., M.L.A., M.S.v.d.K.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.v.d.B.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., P.J.W.P.); Institutes of Neurology and Health Care Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.v.d.K.)
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- From the Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands (M.D.S., M.L.A., M.S.v.d.K.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.v.d.B.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., P.J.W.P.); Institutes of Neurology and Health Care Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.v.d.K.)
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- From the Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands (M.D.S., M.L.A., M.S.v.d.K.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (T.v.d.B.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.B., P.J.W.P.); Institutes of Neurology and Health Care Engineering, University College London, London, England (F.B.); and Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.S.v.d.K.)
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11
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Xiong H, Zhou Z, Wu Z, Feng Y, Xie F. BALB/c mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis: A new model for demyelination in the brain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1084-1093. [PMID: 33068322 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a new model for demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). BALB/c mice were infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis and analyzed 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection. Neurological scale evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were all performed on days 7, 14, and 21. The results showed that the neurological functions and weight of A. cantonensis-infected mice decreased markedly after 21 days of infection. MRI showed subdural effusion and white high signals in the corpus callosum in both T1WI and T2WI, while hematoxylin and eosin and luxol fast blue staining showed hemorrhage and demyelination in the corpus callosum. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ultrastructure of the myelin sheath in the corpus callosum was dispersed or disintegrated. The percentage of myelinated axons was significantly decreased, and the g-ratio was lower than that in the normal group. Both protein and mRNA levels of myelin basic protein decreased markedly at 21 days postinfection. Immunofluorescence revealed that the number of CC1 positive cells in the corpus callosum also decreased, which confirmed the damage of A. cantonensis to oligodendrocytes. Our experiments confirmed that A. cantonensis infection caused demyelination in the CNS of BALB/c mice after 21 days, and its clinical manifestations and pathological changes were similar to those of multiple sclerosis and other CNS demyelination models. Thus, mice infected with A. cantonensis could be used as a new model to study acute demyelination of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xiong
- Histology and Embryology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongpu Zhou
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Parasitology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fukang Xie
- Histology and Embryology Department of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Abstract
Leukodystrophies are genetically determined disorders affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. The combination of MRI pattern recognition and next-generation sequencing for the definition of novel disease entities has recently demonstrated that many leukodystrophies are due to the primary involvement and/or mutations in genes selectively expressed by cell types other than the oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells in the brain. This has led to a new definition of leukodystrophies as genetic white matter disorders resulting from the involvement of any white matter structural component. As a result, the research has shifted its main focus from oligodendrocytes to other types of neuroglia. Astrocytes are the housekeeping cells of the nervous system, responsible for maintaining homeostasis and normal brain physiology and to orchestrate repair upon injury. Several lines of evidence show that astrocytic interactions with the other white matter cellular constituents play a primary pathophysiologic role in many leukodystrophies. These are thus now classified as astrocytopathies. This chapter addresses how the crosstalk between astrocytes, other glial cells, axons and non-neural cells are essential for the integrity and maintenance of the white matter in health. It also addresses the current knowledge of the cellular pathomechanisms of astrocytic leukodystrophies, and specifically Alexander disease, vanishing white matter, megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts and Aicardi-Goutière Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Jorge
- Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Leferink PS, Dooves S, Hillen AEJ, Watanabe K, Jacobs G, Gasparotto L, Cornelissen-Steijger P, van der Knaap MS, Heine VM. Astrocyte Subtype Vulnerability in Stem Cell Models of Vanishing White Matter. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:780-792. [PMID: 31433864 PMCID: PMC6856690 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Astrocytes have gained attention as important players in neurological disease. In line with their heterogeneous character, defects in specific astrocyte subtypes have been identified. Leukodystrophy vanishing white matter (VWM) shows selective vulnerability in white matter astrocytes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology is being extensively explored in studies of pathophysiology and regenerative medicine. However, models for distinct astrocyte subtypes for VWM are lacking, thereby hampering identification of disease‐specific pathways. Methods Here, we characterize human and mouse pluripotent stem cell–derived gray and white matter astrocyte subtypes to generate an in vitro VWM model. We examined morphology and functionality, and used coculture methods, high‐content microscopy, and RNA sequencing to study VWM cultures. Results We found intrinsic vulnerability in specific astrocyte subpopulations in VWM. When comparing VWM and control cultures, white matter–like astrocytes inhibited oligodendrocyte maturation, and showed affected pathways in both human and mouse cultures, involving the immune system and extracellular matrix. Interestingly, human white matter–like astrocytes presented additional, human‐specific disease mechanisms, such as neuronal and mitochondrial functioning. Interpretation Astrocyte subtype cultures revealed disease‐specific pathways in VWM. Cross‐validation of human‐ and mouse‐derived protocols identified human‐specific disease aspects. This study provides new insights into VWM disease mechanisms, which helps the development of in vivo regenerative applications, and we further present strategies to study astrocyte subtype vulnerability in neurological disease. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:780–792
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca S Leferink
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Dooves
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne E J Hillen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerbren Jacobs
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Gasparotto
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paulien Cornelissen-Steijger
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi M Heine
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Zhou L, Li P, Chen N, Dai LF, Gao K, Liu YN, Shen L, Wang JM, Jiang YW, Wu Y. Modeling vanishing white matter disease with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells reveals astrocytic dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:759-771. [PMID: 30720246 PMCID: PMC6515702 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) is an inherited leukoencephalopathy in children attributed to mutations in EIF2B1–5, encoding five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). Although the defects are in the housekeeping genes, glial cells are selectively involved in VWM. Several studies have suggested that astrocytes are central in the pathogenesis of VWM. However, the exact pathomechanism remains unknown, and no model for VWM induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been established. Methods Fibroblasts from two VWM children were reprogrammed into iPSCs by using a virus‐free nonintegrating episomal vector system. Control and VWM iPSCs were sequentially differentiated into neural stem cells (NSCs) and then into neural cells, including neurons, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and astrocytes. Results Vanishing white matter disease iPSC‐derived NSCs can normally differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes precursor cells (OPCs), and oligodendrocytes in vitro. By contrast, VWM astrocytes were dysmorphic and characterized by shorter processes. Moreover, δ‐GFAP and αB‐Crystalline were significantly increased in addition to increased early and total apoptosis. Conclusion The results provided further evidence supporting the central role of astrocytic dysfunction. The establishment of VWM‐specific iPSC models provides a platform for exploring the pathogenesis of VWM and future drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Fang Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Nan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Min Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Wu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Bugiani M, Vuong C, Breur M, van der Knaap MS. Vanishing white matter: a leukodystrophy due to astrocytic dysfunction. Brain Pathol 2019; 28:408-421. [PMID: 29740943 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
VWM is one of the most prevalent leukodystrophies with unique clinical, pathological and molecular features. It mostly affects children, but may develop at all ages, from birth to senescence. It is dominated by cerebellar ataxia and susceptible to stresses that act as factors provoking disease onset or episodes of rapid neurological deterioration possibly leading to death. VWM is caused by mutations in any of the genes encoding the five subunits of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). Although eIF2B is ubiquitously expressed, VWM primarily manifests as a leukodystrophy with increasing white matter rarefaction and cystic degeneration, meager astrogliosis with no glial scarring and dysmorphic immature astrocytes and increased numbers of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells that are restrained from maturing into myelin-forming cells. Recent findings point to a central role for astrocytes in driving the brain pathology, with secondary effects on both oligodendroglia and axons. In this, VWM belongs to the growing group of astrocytopathies, in which loss of essential astrocytic functions and gain of detrimental functions drive degeneration of the white matter. Additional disease mechanisms include activation of the unfolded protein response with constitutive predisposition to cellular stress, failure of astrocyte-microglia crosstalk and possibly secondary effects on the oxidative phosphorylation. VWM involves a translation initiation factor. The group of leukodystrophies due to defects in mRNA translation is also growing, suggesting that this may be a common disease mechanism. The combination of all these features makes VWM an intriguing natural model to understand the biology and pathology of the white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bugiani
- Departments of Pathology, Child Neurology, and Functional Genomics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Vuong
- Departments of Pathology, Child Neurology, and Functional Genomics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Departments of Pathology, Child Neurology, and Functional Genomics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Departments of Pathology, Child Neurology, and Functional Genomics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Wong YL, LeBon L, Basso AM, Kohlhaas KL, Nikkel AL, Robb HM, Donnelly-Roberts DL, Prakash J, Swensen AM, Rubinstein ND, Krishnan S, McAllister FE, Haste NV, O'Brien JJ, Roy M, Ireland A, Frost JM, Shi L, Riedmaier S, Martin K, Dart MJ, Sidrauski C. eIF2B activator prevents neurological defects caused by a chronic integrated stress response. eLife 2019; 8:42940. [PMID: 30624206 PMCID: PMC6326728 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) attenuates the rate of protein synthesis while inducing expression of stress proteins in cells. Various insults activate kinases that phosphorylate the GTPase eIF2 leading to inhibition of its exchange factor eIF2B. Vanishing White Matter (VWM) is a neurological disease caused by eIF2B mutations that, like phosphorylated eIF2, reduce its activity. We show that introduction of a human VWM mutation into mice leads to persistent ISR induction in the central nervous system. ISR activation precedes myelin loss and development of motor deficits. Remarkably, long-term treatment with a small molecule eIF2B activator, 2BAct, prevents all measures of pathology and normalizes the transcriptome and proteome of VWM mice. 2BAct stimulates the remaining activity of mutant eIF2B complex in vivo, abrogating the maladaptive stress response. Thus, 2BAct-like molecules may provide a promising therapeutic approach for VWM and provide relief from chronic ISR induction in a variety of disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liang Wong
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Lauren LeBon
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Swathi Krishnan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Nicole V Haste
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Margaret Roy
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Andrea Ireland
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Lei Shi
- AbbVie, North Chicago, United States
| | | | - Kathleen Martin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
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