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Yu H, Shen B, Han R, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Huang P, Huang S, Zhong Y. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis protects retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting microglia activation in a distal optic nerve trauma model. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:30. [PMID: 38844990 PMCID: PMC11154987 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine CX3CL1 has been reported to play an important role in optic nerve protection, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. CX3CR1, the only receptor of CX3CL1, is specifically expressed on retinal microglia, whose activation plays a role in the pathological process of optic nerve injury. This study aimed to evaluate whether CX3CL1 exerts optic neuroprotection by affecting the activation of microglia by combining with CX3CR1. METHODS A mouse model of distal optic nerve trauma (ONT) was used to evaluate the effects of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis on the activation of microglia and survival or axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The activation of microglia, loss of RGCs, and damage to visual function were detected weekly till 4 weeks after modeling. CX3CL1 was injected intravitreally immediately or delayed after injury and the status of microglia and RGCs were examined. RESULTS Increases in microglia activation and optic nerve damage were accompanied by a reduced production of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis after the distal ONT modeling. Both immediate and delayed intravitreal injection of CX3CL1 inhibited microglia activation, promoted survival of RGCs, and improved axonal regenerative capacity. Injection with CX3CL1 was no longer effective after 48 h post ONT. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis promotes survival and axonal regeneration, as indicated by GAP43 protein and gene expression, of RGCs by inhibiting the microglial activation after ONT. CONCLUSIONS The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis could promote survival and axonal regeneration of RGCs by inhibiting the microglial activation after optic nerve injury. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis may become a potential target for the treatment of optic nerve injury. Forty-eight hours is the longest time window for effective treatment after injury. The study is expected to provide new ideas for the development of targeted drugs for the repair of optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bingqiao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ruiqi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shushu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Shouyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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2
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Franzmeier N, Dehsarvi A, Steward A, Biel D, Dewenter A, Roemer SN, Wagner F, Groß M, Brendel M, Moscoso A, Arunachalam P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Ewers M, Schöll M. Elevated CSF GAP-43 is associated with accelerated tau accumulation and spread in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:202. [PMID: 38172114 PMCID: PMC10764818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta (Aβ) triggers the trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology, and aberrant synaptic activity has been shown to promote tau spreading. Aβ induces aberrant synaptic activity, manifesting in increases in the presynaptic growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), which is closely involved in synaptic activity and plasticity. We therefore tested whether Aβ-related GAP-43 increases, as a marker of synaptic changes, drive tau spreading in 93 patients across the aging and Alzheimer's spectrum with available CSF GAP-43, amyloid-PET and longitudinal tau-PET assessments. We found that (1) higher GAP-43 was associated with faster Aβ-related tau accumulation, specifically in brain regions connected closest to subject-specific tau epicenters and (2) that higher GAP-43 strengthened the association between Aβ and connectivity-associated tau spread. This suggests that GAP-43-related synaptic changes are linked to faster Aβ-related tau spread across connected regions and that synapses could be key targets for preventing tau spreading in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Amir Dehsarvi
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Steward
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Davina Biel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Niclas Roemer
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Wagner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattes Groß
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexis Moscoso
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prithvi Arunachalam
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schöll
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Li T, Jia Y, Fu J, Fu Z, Qiao Z, Liu X, Lv T, Tang R, Yang G. P53-induced GAP-43 Upregulation in Primary Cortical Neurons of Rats. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:229-235. [PMID: 38288820 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665263864231221071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we employed an in vitro culturing technique to investigate the impact of p53 on the modulation of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) within the primary cortical neurons of rat specimens. METHODS (1) Within the first 24 hours after birth, the bilateral cortex was extracted from newborn Wistar rats and primary cortical neurons were cultured and identified. (2) The changes in the mRNA and protein expressions of GAP-43 induced by p53 in rat primary cortical neurons cultured in vitro were identified utilizing real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot techniques. RESULTS (1) Lentiviral transfection of p53 within primary cortical neurons of rats elicited elevated levels of both mRNA and protein expressions of GAP-43, consequently culminating in a noteworthy augmentation of p53 expression. (2) The introduction of a p53 inhibitor in rat primary cortical neurons resulted in a reduction in both mRNA and protein expressions of GAP-43. CONCLUSION Within primary rat cortical neurons, p53 has the potential to prompt an augmentation in both the transcriptional and protein expression levels of the GAP-43 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yuexin Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Junxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Zhuo Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Zhidong Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Ting Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Guanglu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
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4
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Yang Y, Shi W, Li C, Li L, Li J, Chen Y, Shi Q, Xie Z, Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao X, Chen Y, Li R, Liu S, Ye Z, Zhang L, Liang X. Growth associated protein 43 deficiency promotes podocyte injury by activating the calmodulin/calcineurin pathway under hyperglycemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 656:104-114. [PMID: 36963347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and finding potential therapeutic interventions that can mitigate podocyte injury holds significant clinical relevance. This study was to elucidate the role of growth associated protein-43(Gap43) in podocyte injury of high glucose (HG). We confirmed the expression of Gap43 in human glomerulus and found that Gap43 expression was downregulated in podocytes of patients with DKD and HG-treated podocytes in vitro. Gap43 knockdown in podocytes promoted podocyte apoptosis, increased migration ability and decreased nephrin expression, while overexpression of Gap43 markedly suppressed HG-induced injury. Moreover, the increased expression and activity of calcineurin (CaN) were also abrogated by overexpression Gap43 in HG. Pretreatment with a typical CaN inhibitor FK506 in Gap43 knockdown podocytes restored the injury. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that Gap43 could bind to calmodulin (CaM). Pull-down assay further demonstrated that Gap43 and CaM directly interacts with each other via amino acids 30-52 of Gap43 and amino acids 133-197 of CaM. In addition, we also identified Pax5 as potential transcription inhibitor factor mediating Gap43 expression. In conclusion, the study indicated that the Gap43/CaM-CaN pathway may be exploited as a promising therapeutic target for protecting against podocyte injury in high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wanxin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cuili Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingwen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingying Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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5
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Bakri AH, Hassan MH, Ahmed AEA, Alotaibi G, Halim PR, Abdallah AAM, Rashwan NI. Serum Levels of Growth-Associated Protein-43 and Neurotrophin-3 in Childhood Epilepsy and Their Relation to Zinc Levels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:689-697. [PMID: 35349008 PMCID: PMC9849170 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and it places a significant economic strain on the healthcare system around the world. Although the exact mechanism of epilepsy has yet to be illustrated, various pathogenic cascades involving neurotransmitters and trace elements have been reported. We aimed to investigate the serum levels of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) among cohort of Egyptian children with epilepsy and correlate these biomarkers with their zinc levels. METHODS This case-control study included 50 pediatric patients with epilepsy who were comparable with 50 controls. Neurological assessment and electroencephalogram (EEG) were done to all included children. Biochemical measurements of serum GAP-43 and NT-3 using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and zinc using colorimetric assays, were performed to all participants. RESULTS There was significantly frequent positive parental consanguinity among cases with significantly frequent generalized onset seizures (94%) than simple partial seizure (6%). There were significantly lower serum GAP-43 and zinc levels with significantly higher TAC among cases vs. the controls, p˂0.05 for all. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of NT-3 among epileptic children vs. the controls, p = 0.269. Serum Zn was positively correlated with GAP-43 level among epileptic children (r = 0.381, p = 0.006). Serum GAP-43 in diagnosing childhood epilepsy at cut-off point ≤ 0.6 ng/mL showed 78% sensitivity, 62% specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) = 50.6%, negative predictive value (NPP) = 84.9% with AUC = 0.574. CONCLUSION GAP-43 can be considered a sensitive good negative biomarker in childhood epilepsy which correlated positively with the zinc status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Helmi Bakri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed El-Abd Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pola Rafat Halim
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwan I Rashwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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6
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Bakri AH, Hassan MH, Ahmed AEA, Halim PR, El-Sawy SA, Mohamed MM, Rashwan NI. Biochemical Assessments of Neurotrophin-3 and Zinc Involvement in the Pathophysiology of Pediatric Febrile Seizures : Biochemical Markers in Febrile Seizures. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2614-2619. [PMID: 34406624 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FSs) are a common occurrence in young children and a serious concern in pediatric practice; nevertheless, the causes and mechanisms of FS are still unknown. We hypothesized a relation of neuropeptides such as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) as well as zinc and the oxidant/antioxidant system with pediatric FS. The study included 100 infants categorized into 50 infants with FS and 50 febrile infants without seizures as controls. Clinical assessments, biochemical assays of NT-3 and GAP-43 using ELISA assay kits, and colorimetric measurements of TAC and Zn were performed to all participants. Overall, significant rises of the values of NT-3 and insignificant increases of GAP-43 were detected in children with FS. At the same time, zinc values and the total antioxidant capacity in serum samples were found to be decreased significantly. In addition, a negative correlation was estimated between NT-3 and zinc levels. Serum NT-3 in diagnosing febrile seizures at cutoff point > 49.62 ng/L showed 100% sensitivity, 46% specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) = 48.1%, and negative predictive value (NPP) = 100% with AUC = 0.678. Significant altered circulating NT-3 and zinc levels in FS may indicate their possible role in the pathogenesis of FS. This may open a way for further research and warrants enlightening of the pathophysiological details of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Helmi Bakri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed El-Abd Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Pola Rafat Halim
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samer A El-Sawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwan I Rashwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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7
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Lian Z, Ke G, Zhang H, Dou C, Chen X, Li B, Zhang F, Wen S, Wu Q, Xia Y, Jiang N, Li Z, Li S, Zhao X, Ma J, Lin T, Wen F, Xu L, Li Z, Liang H, Dong W, Chen Y, Li R, Ye Z, Wang W, Liang X, Shi W, Zhang L, Liu S. GAP-43 ameliorates Podocyte injury by decreasing nuclear NFATc1 expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101145. [PMID: 34746448 PMCID: PMC8551842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is sufficient to cause glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria, eventually leading to kidney failure. Previous studies found that podocytes and neurons had similar biological characteristics. Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) is a growth cone protein in neurons, and a marker of axonal and synaptic growth. However, it is not known whether GAP-43 is expressed in podocytes. Compared with normal glomerular podocytes, GAP-43 was significantly reduced in patients with glomerular diseases. GAP-43 also significantly reduced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated podocytes. We found that the decreased expression of nephrin, the cell marker of the podocyte, was significantly recovered with GAP-43 overexpression. In contrast, the migration ability in LPS-treated podocyte was reduction after GAP-43 overexpressing. Moreover, overexpression of GAP-43 attenuated podocyte apoptosis by up-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax with LPS treatment. Finally, Plaue and Rcan1 which are downstream target gene of NFATc1 decreased with overexpression of GAP-43 podocytes. We concluded that GAP-43 attenuated podocyte injury by inhibiting calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling. The findings may provide a promising treatment for podocyte injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Lian
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Nephrology, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Guibao Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caoshuai Dou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bohou Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shichun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yubin Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huabang Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Identification and Validation of a Dysregulated miRNA-Associated mRNA Network in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4118216. [PMID: 34722763 PMCID: PMC8556104 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4118216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study is aimed at exploring the relationships between miRNAs and mRNAs and to characterize their biological functions in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods Novel clinical significant miRNAs and target genes and their potential underlying mechanisms have been discovered and explored by mining miRNAs and mRNA expression data of TLE patients using various bioinformatics methods. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the bioinformatic analysis results. Results A total of 6 dysregulated miRNAs and 442 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to TLE were obtained from GEO database (GSE114701 and GSE127871 datasets). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network containing the 442 DEGs was established. mRNA response elements from the 6 dysregulated miRNAs were predicted using the miRDB and TargetScan bioinformatic tools. By merging the identified targets of the dysregulated miRNAs and the 247 downregulated DEGs, a miRNA-mRNA network was constructed revealing the interaction of miR-484 with eight mRNAs (ABLIM2, CEP170B, CTD-3193O13.9, EFNA5, GAP43, PRKCB, FXYD7, and NCAN). A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) based on the eight genes was established and demonstrated that these mRNAs, except FXYD7 and NCAN, were hub genes in the network. Gene Oncology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the six hub genes were mainly involved in cellular-related biological functions and the neurotransmitter synapse pathway. The differences in expression levels of the miR-484 and the three hub genes (CTD-3193O13.9, EFNA5, and PRKCB) observed experimentally in TLE patients compared to those of healthy controls were consistent with the WGCNA prediction. Conclusion Our study suggests that understanding the miRNA-mRNA interactions will provide insights into the epilepsy pathogenesis. In addition, our results indicate that miR-484 may be a promising novel biomarker for TLE.
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Wang J, Ni G, Liu Y, Han Y, Jia L, Wang Y. Tanshinone IIA Promotes Axonal Regeneration in Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia Through the Inhibition of Nogo-A/NgR1/RhoA/ROCKII/MLC Signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2775-2787. [PMID: 32764877 PMCID: PMC7371607 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s253280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of tanshinone IIA (TSA) on focal cerebral ischemia in rats and to investigate whether it was associated with Nogo-A/NgR1/RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCKII)/myosin light chain (MLC) signaling. Methods In this study, focal cerebral ischemia animal model was used. Neurological deficit scores and infarction volume were investigated to evaluate the neuroprotection of TSA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to detect ischemic changes in brain tissue and changes in neurofilament protein 200 (NF200) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression, respectively. Western blotting and qRT-PCR analyses were used to detect the expression levels of NF200, GAP-43 and Nogo-A/NgR1/RhoA/ROCKII/MLC pathway-related signaling molecules. Results TSA treatment can improve the survival rate of rats, reduce the neurological score and infarct volume, and reduce neuron damage. In addition, TSA also increased axon length and enhanced expression of NF200 and GAP-43. Importantly, TSA significantly attenuated the expression of Nogo-A, NgR1, RhoA, ROCKII, and p-MLC, and thus inhibiting the activation of this signaling pathway. Conclusion TSA promoted axonal regeneration by inhibiting the Nogo-A/NgR1/RhoA/ROCKII/MLC signaling pathway, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia rats, which provided support for the clinical application of TSA in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxiao Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Liu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, People's Republic of China.,College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China
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Feng J, Feng L, Zhang G. Mitochondrial damage in hippocampal neurons of rats with epileptic protein expression of Fas and caspase-3. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2483-2489. [PMID: 30210599 PMCID: PMC6122536 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy model in rats was established to observe the behavior and pathological changes, and to detect mitochondrial dysfunction, exploring its possible molecular mechanisms. The epileptic status of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride, and the change of behavior was recorded. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to measure the abnormal discharge of neurons in rats. The brain tissue was fixed with polyformaldehyde and the paraffin sections were prepared, and the damage of the hippocampal neurons was observed with Nissl staining. Mitochondrial ATP and mitochondrial DNA were examined to assess mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, qPCR and western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of fatty acid synthetase (Fas), Fas ligand (FasL) and caspase-3 in rat hippocampal neurons. The correlation between the mitochondrial dysfunction of rat hippocampal neurons and Fas and caspase-3 was analyzed. Compared with the normal group rats, the model group showed typical seizures, which were determined by the Racine attack score. EEG of the hippocampus of the model group was recorded in cluster in model group rats. Nissl staining showed a different degree of damage to the hippocampal neurons in the model group compared with normal rats. The mitochondrial ATP content and DNA content of rat hippocampal neurons in the model group were significantly lower than that of normal rats (P<0.01). The qPCR and western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of Fas, FasL and caspase-3 were significantly increased in the hippocampus of rat model group (P<0.01). The expression level of Fas and caspase-3 in hippocampal tissues of rats was negatively correlated with mitochondrial DNA content. In conclusion, seizures cause damage of neuron mitochondria in rat hippocampus leading to death of hippocampal neurons, the mitochondrial damage of hippocampal neurons in epileptic rats was closely related to the expression of Fas and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Feng
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Feng
- Department of Family Practice, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Guiru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
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Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43) as a Novel Target for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Epileptogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17702. [PMID: 29255203 PMCID: PMC5735087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed increased growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expression in brain samples resected from patients with cortical dysplasia (CD), which was correlated with duration of epilepsy. Here, we used a rat model of CD to examine the regulation of GAP-43 in the brain and serum over the course of epileptogenesis. Baseline GAP-43 expression was higher in CD animals compared to control non-CD rats. An acute seizure increased GAP-43 expression in both CD and control rats. However, GAP-43 expression decreased by day 15 post-seizure in control rats, which did not develop spontaneous seizures. In contrast, GAP-43 remained up-regulated in CD rats, and over 50% developed chronic epilepsy with increased GAP-43 levels in their serum. GAP-43 protein was primarily located in excitatory neurons, suggesting its functional significance in epileptogenesis. Inhibition of GAP-43 expression by shRNA significantly reduced seizure duration and severity in CD rats after acute seizures with subsequent reduction in interictal spiking. Serum GAP-43 levels were significantly higher in CD rats that developed spontaneous seizures. Together, these results suggest GAP-43 as a key factor promoting epileptogenesis, a possible therapeutic target for treatment of progressive epilepsy and a potential biomarker for epilepsy progression in CD.
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mTOR and MAPK: from localized translation control to epilepsy. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:73. [PMID: 27855659 PMCID: PMC5114760 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases characterized by excessive hyperexcitability of neurons. Molecular mechanisms of epilepsy are diverse and not really understood. All in common is the misregulation of proteins that determine excitability such as potassium and sodium channels as well as GABA receptors; which are all known as biomarkers for epilepsy. Two recently identified key pathways involve the kinases mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Interestingly, mRNAs coding for those biomarkers are found to be localized at or near synapses indicating a local misregulation of synthesis and activity. Results Research in the last decade indicates that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) responsible for mRNA localization, stability and translation mediate local expression control. Among others, they are affected by mTOR and MAPK to guide expression of epileptic factors. These results suggest that mTOR/MAPK act on RBPs to regulate the fate of mRNAs, indicating a misregulation of protein expression at synapses in epilepsy. Conclusion We propose that mTOR and MAPK regulate RBPs, thereby guiding the local expression of their target-mRNAs encoding for markers of epilepsy. Thus, misregulated mTOR/MAPK-RBP interplay may result in excessive local synthesis of ion channels and receptors thereby leading to hyperexcitability. Continuous stimulation of synapses further activates mTOR/MAPK pathway reinforcing their effect on RBP-mediated expression control establishing the basis for epilepsy. Here, we highlight findings showing the tight interplay between mTOR as well as MAPK with RBPs to control expression for epileptic biomarkers.
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Nemes A, Najm IM, Gale JT, Ying Z, Johnson M, Gonzalez-Martinez J. Underlying Cortical Dysplasia as Risk Factor for Traumatic Epilepsy: An Animal Study. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1883-1891. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Nemes
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Imad M. Najm
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John T. Gale
- Department of Neurosciences and Center for Neurological Restoration, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhong Ying
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Department of Neurosciences and Center for Neurological Restoration, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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