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Fossmo HL, Ørstavik K, Frich JC, Robinson HS. Translation, reliability, and validity of the Norwegian version of the ABILHAND-NMD and the ACTIVLIM for Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2699-2707. [PMID: 37438996 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2231848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To translate ABILHAND-NMD and ACTIVLIM into Norwegian and assess their psychometric properties in adults with Myotonic Dystrophy type 1(DM1). METHODS ABILHAND-NMD and ACTIVLIM were translated into Norwegian through a standardized translation process. Psychometric properties of the translated questionnaires were tested. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3.1) was used to assess test-retest reliability and Cronbach's α for internal consistency. The validity of the questionnaires was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 39 adults with DM1 were included. We found excellent test-retest reliability on ABILHAND-NMD (ICC 0.91) and ACTIVLIM (ICC 0.93). We found a good internal consistency of ABILHAND-NMD with Cronbach's α (95%CI) of 0.80 (0.69-0.88) and ACTIVLIM with Cronbach's α (95%CI) of 0.88 (0.82-0.93) An expert group of healthcare professionals and a pilot group reported good face and content validity. We found a high correlation between ABILHAND-NMD and ACTIVLIM (r = 0.75), p < 0.001 implying good convergent validity. ABILHAND-NMD and ACTIVLIM showed no floor effect, but a potential for ceiling effect. CONCLUSION The Norwegian versions of ABILHAND-NMD and ACTIVLIM are reliable and valid patient reported outcome measures for Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. The questionnaires are easy to administer as they take a short time to answer, and the participants reported no problems understanding the questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Ludt Fossmo
- Neurological Department, EMAN, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Vikersund Kurbad AS, Vikersund Rehabilitation Centre, Vikersund, Norway
- Member of ERN EURO-NMD
| | - Kristin Ørstavik
- Neurological Department, EMAN, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Member of ERN EURO-NMD
| | - Jan C Frich
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Stendal Robinson
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo, Norway
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Doko I, Bajić Ž, Dubravić A, Qorolli M, Grazio S. Hand grip endurance moderating the effect of grip force on functional ability and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:647-656. [PMID: 30747253 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of endurance on the relationship between grip force and measures of functional capacity and disease activity, we performed a cross-sectional study at the University Department of Rheumatology, Physical medicine and Rehabilitation from January 2017 to August 2018. Functional capacity of the hand was measured by ABILHAND-RA questionnaire and disease activity was assessed by the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-CRP). All participants underwent dynamometric measurements of maximal grip force and hand grip endurance during repeated gripping. We analyzed the data from 34 RA patients at the median (IQR) age of 57 (51-61), 31 (91%) of them women, and 44 healthy participants at the age of 55 (50-59), 39 (89%) of them women. The moderating effect of endurance on the correlation between maximum grip force and the ABILHAND-RA score was not significant in healthy participants (b = 0.000, 95% CI - 0.005-0.004, p = 0.862), but it was in RA patients (b = 0.003, 95% CI 0.000-0.005, p = 0.027). In RA patients, the effect of maximum grip force on the ABILHAND-RA score increased with the increase in hand grip endurance. In RA patients, the interaction between endurance and grip force significantly explained the 15% more variance of the disease activity than main effects of these two measures, age, gender and body mass index alone. Hand grip endurance during repeated gripping affects the correlation between maximum grip force and the ABILHAND-RA score in a pattern that differs in RA patients and in the healthy population. In RA patients, hand grip endurance significantly moderates the correlation between maximum grip force and the DAS-28-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Doko
- University Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Vinogradska 29, HR-10.000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Žarko Bajić
- Psychiatric Hospital "Sveti Ivan", Jankomir 11, HR-10.000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amir Dubravić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10.000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Merita Qorolli
- Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Simeon Grazio
- University Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Vinogradska 29, HR-10.000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hobart J, Ziemssen T, Feys P, Linnebank M, Goodman AD, Farrell R, Hupperts R, Blight AR, Englishby V, McNeill M, Chang I, Lima G, Elkins J. Assessment of Clinically Meaningful Improvements in Self-Reported Walking Ability in Participants with Multiple Sclerosis: Results from the Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III ENHANCE Trial of Prolonged-Release Fampridine. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:61-79. [PMID: 30535670 PMCID: PMC6328522 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking impairment is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). It affects > 90% of individuals over time, reducing independence and negatively impacting health-related quality of life, productivity, and daily activities. Walking impairment is consistently reported as one of the most distressing impairments by individuals with MS. Prolonged-release (PR)-fampridine previously has been shown to improve objectively measured walking speed in walking-impaired adults with MS. The impact of PR-fampridine from the perspective of the individual with MS warrants full and detailed examination. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether PR-fampridine has a clinically meaningful effect on self-reported walking ability in walking-impaired participants with MS. METHODS ENHANCE was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of PR-fampridine 10 mg twice daily in walking-impaired individuals age 18-70 years with either relapsing or progressive forms of MS and an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4.0-7.0 at screening. Participants were stratified by EDSS score (≤ 6.0 or 6.5-7.0) at randomization to ensure a balanced level of disability in the treatment groups. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with a mean improvement in the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) score exceeding the predefined threshold for clinically meaningful improvement (≥ 8 points) over 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included the proportion with ≥ 15% improvement in Timed Up and Go (TUG) speed, and mean changes in Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale physical impact subscale (MSIS-29 PHYS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and ABILHAND scores over 24 weeks. RESULTS In total, 636 participants with MS were randomized (PR-fampridine, n = 317; placebo, n = 319; modified intention-to-treat sample: PR-fampridine, n = 315; placebo, n = 318). At baseline in the PR-fampridine and placebo groups, 46% and 51% had a progressive form of MS, median [range] EDSS scores were 6.0 [4.0-7.0] and 5.5 [4.0-7.0], mean [range] MSWS-12 scores were 63.6 [0-100] and 65.4 [0-100], and mean [range] TUG speed was 0.38 [0.0-1.0] and 0.38 [0.0-1.2] feet/s, respectively. A significantly higher percentage of PR-fampridine-treated participants (136/315 [43.2%]) had clinically meaningful improvement in MSWS-12 score over 24 weeks versus placebo (107/318 [33.6%]; odds ratio 1.61 [95% confidence interval 1.15-2.26]; p = 0.006). For PR-fampridine versus placebo, significantly more participants had a ≥ 15% improvement in TUG speed, and there was significantly greater mean improvement in MSIS-29 PHYS score (p < 0.05); numerical improvements that were not statistically significant were observed in BBS/ABILHAND. Adverse events that were more common in the PR-fampridine group than placebo group (difference ≥ 3%) by Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA®) Preferred Term were urinary tract infection and insomnia. There were no seizures reported. CONCLUSIONS PR-fampridine treatment resulted in sustained, clinically meaningful improvements over 24 weeks in self-reported walking and functional ability in walking-disabled participants with MS. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02219932.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hobart
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, N13 ITTC Building, Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8BX, UK.
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Feys
- BIOMED-REVAL, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michael Linnebank
- HELIOS Klinik Hagen-Ambrock, University Witten/Herdecke, Hagen, Germany
| | - Andrew D. Goodman
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Rachel Farrell
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals and University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Tracking Changes in Participation With Participation Measurement Scale in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors in Africa. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 99:2238-2243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Louwers A, Warnink-Kavelaars J, Obdeijn M, Kreulen M, Nollet F, Beelen A. Effects of Upper-Extremity Surgery on Manual Performance of Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Multidisciplinary Approach Using Shared Decision-Making. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018; 100:1416-1422. [PMID: 30106823 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of upper-extremity surgery on the manual performance of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). This clinical cohort study describes our experience with patient selection based on multidisciplinary assessment and shared decision-making and the effects of upper-extremity surgery on manual performance and patient-relevant outcomes. METHODS All patients (up to 20 years of age) with CP referred to our multidisciplinary team for evaluation for upper-extremity surgery between July 2011 and May 2017 were included. Suitability for upper-extremity surgery was assessed with comprehensive, multidisciplinary screening, and the decision to proceed with surgery was made together with the patient. Individual patient-relevant goals were identified with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM); perceived independence in performing bimanual activities at home was assessed with the ABILHAND-Kids tool, and perceived quality of use of the affected hand during daily activities was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS). The quality of use of the affected hand during bimanual performance was measured with the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), and gross manual dexterity was evaluated with the Box and Block Test (BBT). All baseline assessments were repeated at an average of 9 months after the surgery. RESULTS Of 66 patients assessed by the multidisciplinary upper-extremity-surgery team, 44 were considered eligible for upper-extremity surgery. Of these patients, 39 (mean age and standard deviation [SD], 14.9 ± 2.10 years, 87% with unilateral CP, and 72% at Manual Ability Classification System [MACS] level II) underwent upper-extremity surgery and were evaluated in the pre-post study. All outcomes improved significantly after upper-extremity surgery, with average improvements of 3.1 ± 1.6 points in the COPM-Performance (COPM-P) score (p < 0.001), 3.3 ± 2.1 points in the COPM-Satisfaction (COPM-S) score (p < 0.001), 1.5 ± 1.2 logits in the ABILHAND score (p < 0.001), 2.4 ± 1.9 cm in the VAS score (p < 0.001), 6.7 ± 4.2 units in the AHA score (p < 0.001), and 2.2 ± 5.0 blocks/minute on the BBT (p = 0.021). The improvement in the COPM-P, COPM-S, ABILHAND, VAS, AHA, and BBT scores was clinically meaningful in 80%, 77%, 55%, 62%, 71%, and 31% of the patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Careful assessment of eligibility for upper-extremity surgery, based on multidisciplinary screening and shared decision-making, resulted in a clinically relevant improvement in patient-specific functional and/or cosmetic goals and manual performance after upper-extremity surgery in most patients with CP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annoek Louwers
- Departments of Rehabilitation (A.L., J.W.-K., F.N., and A.B.) and Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery (M.O. and M.K.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Warnink-Kavelaars
- Departments of Rehabilitation (A.L., J.W.-K., F.N., and A.B.) and Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery (M.O. and M.K.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miryam Obdeijn
- Departments of Rehabilitation (A.L., J.W.-K., F.N., and A.B.) and Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery (M.O. and M.K.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mick Kreulen
- Departments of Rehabilitation (A.L., J.W.-K., F.N., and A.B.) and Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery (M.O. and M.K.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hand Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Nollet
- Departments of Rehabilitation (A.L., J.W.-K., F.N., and A.B.) and Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery (M.O. and M.K.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Beelen
- Departments of Rehabilitation (A.L., J.W.-K., F.N., and A.B.) and Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery (M.O. and M.K.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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de Jong LD, van Meeteren A, Emmelot CH, Land NE, Dijkstra PU. Reliability and sources of variation of the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire in children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:684-689. [PMID: 28068864 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1272139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine reliability of the ABILHAND-Kids, explore sources of variation associated with these measurement results, and generate repeatability coefficients. METHOD A reliability study with a repeated measures design was performed in an ambulatory rehabilitation care department from a rehabilitation center, and a center for special education. A physician, an occupational therapist, and parents of 27 children with spastic cerebral palsy independently rated the children's manual capacity when performing 21 standardized tasks of the ABILHAND-Kids from video recordings twice with a three week time interval (27 first-, and 25 second video recordings available). Parents additionally rated their children's performance based on their own perception of their child's ability to perform manual activities in everyday life, resulting in eight ratings per child. RESULTS ABILHAND-Kids ratings were systematically different between observers, sessions, and rating method. Participant × observer interaction (66%) and residual variance (20%) contributed the most to error variance (9%). Test-retest reliability was 0.92. Repeatability coefficients (between 0.81 and 1.82 logit points) were largest for the parents' performance-based ratings. CONCLUSION ABILHAND-Kids scores can be reliably used as a performance- and capacity-based rating method across different raters. Parents' performance-based ratings are less reliable than their capacity-based ratings. Resulting repeatability coefficients can be used to interpret ABILHAND-Kids ratings with more confidence. Implications for Rehabilitation The ABILHAND-Kids is a valuable tool to assess a child's unimanual and bimanual upper limb activities. The reliability of the ABILHANDS-Kids is good across different observers as a performance- and capacity-based rating method. Parents' performance-based ratings are less reliable than their capacity-based ones. This study has generated repeatability coefficients for clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex D de Jong
- a School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science , Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Annemiek van Meeteren
- b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Isala Diaconessenhuis , Meppel , The Netherlands.,c Rehabilitation Center 'Revalidatie Friesland' , Beetsterzwaag , The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Emmelot
- d Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Isala Hospital , Zwolle , The Netherlands
| | - Nanne E Land
- c Rehabilitation Center 'Revalidatie Friesland' , Beetsterzwaag , The Netherlands
| | - Pieter U Dijkstra
- e Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,f Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Doganay Erdogan B, Leung YY, Pohl C, Tennant A, Conaghan PG. Minimal Clinically Important Difference as Applied in Rheumatology: An OMERACT Rasch Working Group Systematic Review and Critique. J Rheumatol 2015; 43:194-202. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective.We aimed to evaluate how minimal (clinically) important differences (MCID/MID) were calculated in rheumatology in the past 2 decades and demonstrate how the calculation is compromised by the lack of interval scaling.Methods.We conducted a systematic literature review on articles reporting MCID calculation in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from January 1, 1989, to May 9, 2014. We evaluated the methods of MCID calculation and recorded the ranges of MCID for common patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). Taking data from the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), we showed the effects of performing mathematical calculations on ordinal data.Results.A total of 330 abstracts were reviewed and 123 articles chosen for full text review. Thirty-six (19 OA, 16 RA and 1 OA-RA) articles were included in the final evaluation. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was the most frequently reported PROM with relevant calculations in OA, and the HAQ in RA. Sixteen articles used anchor-based methods alone for calculation of MCID, and 1 article used distribution-based methods alone. Nineteen articles used both anchor and distribution-based methods. Only 1 article calculated MCID using an interval scale. Wide ranges in MCID for the WOMAC in OA and HAQ in RA were noted. Ordinal-based derivations of MCID are shown to understate true change at the margins, and overstate change in the mid-range of a scale.Conclusion.The anchor-based method is commonly used in the calculation of MCID. However, the lack of interval scaling is shown to compromise validity of MCID calculation.
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Batcho CS, Nduwimana I, Olouka J, Halkin V, Kpadonou TG, Thonnard JL. Measuring functional recovery in stroke patients: the responsiveness of ACTIVLIM-stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1337-42. [PMID: 24719181 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of the ACTIVLIM-Stroke questionnaire in detecting changes in functional status of stroke patients. METHOD Sixty-eight Benin and Belgian stroke patients participated in this 2-month longitudinal study, involving baseline and follow-up assessments. Outcome measures combined ACTIVLIM-Stroke questionnaire, Barthel Index (BI), 6-minute-walk test (6MWT) and modified Rankin scale (MRS). Responsiveness of ACTIVLIM-Stroke was investigated through different methodological approaches and compared with BI, 6MWT and MRS. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t tests, effect size (ES) and correlation tests. RESULTS ACTIVLIM-Stroke detected changes in the whole sample (p<0.001, ES=0.78) and even in a subgroup of patients (p<0.001, ES=0.29) that were classified as stable according to the MRS. Moreover, ACTIVLIM-Stroke permitted the classification of patients into more discriminative groups, including those showing an important improvement (p<0.001, ES=1.87), a slight but non-clinically meaningful improvement (p<0.001, ES=0.38), and no improvement (p=0.1, ES=0.11), demonstrating its high sensitivity to change. Furthermore, there were concordant relationships between ACTIVLIM-Stroke change and any observed changes in BI, 6MWT and MRS scores (r≥0.50, p<0.001), confirming the external responsiveness of ACTVLIM-Stroke. CONCLUSIONS ACTIVLIM-Stroke showed good responsiveness and can detect accurately clinical changes in the functional status of stroke patients. The BI and the 6MWT were also responsive and may provide complementary information while investigating change in functional status. However, in addition to being highly sensitive to change, ACTIVLIM-Stroke presents significant methodological advantages for quantifying functional changes in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sèbiyo Batcho
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ildéphonse Nduwimana
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jean Olouka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Véronique Halkin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Mons, Belgium
| | - Toussaint Godonou Kpadonou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jean-Louis Thonnard
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Test-Retest Reliability of the ABILHAND Questionnaire in Persons With Chronic Stroke. PM R 2014; 6:324-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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