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Di Gioia G, Crispino SP, Maestrini V, Monosilio S, Ortolina D, Segreti A, Squeo MR, Lemme E, Nenna A, Pelliccia A. Lack of cardiac remodelling in elite endurance athletes: an unexpected and not so rare finding. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05489-0. [PMID: 38647676 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance elite athletes are expected to present a cardiac remodelling, characterized by eccentric hypertrophy (EH), may be associated with higher sportive performances. However, not all can present a cardiac remodelling. The study aimed to identify endurance athletes without cardiac remodelling characterizing their physiologic and clinical features. METHODS We studied 309 endurance athletes (cycling, rowing, canoeing, triathlon, athletics, long-distance swimming, cross-country skiing, mid-long distance track, pentathlon, biathlon, long-distance skating and Nordic-combined) examined during period of training, by clinical evaluation, ECG, echocardiogram and exercise-stress test. Sport career achievements (Olympic\World championship medals or national\world records) were recorded. RESULTS EH was found in most of athletes, (n = 126, 67% of males; n = 85, 68.5% of females). A significant proportion,, exhibited normal geometry (NG) ( n = 59, 31.3% in males; n = 39, 31.4% in females). At stress test, significant differences between EH and NG athletes were found in peak power (317.1 ± 71.2W in NG vs. 342.2 ± 60.6W in EH, p = 0.014 in males and 225.1 ± 38.7W in NG vs. 247.1 ± 37W in EH, p = 0.003 in females), rest heart rate (66.1 ± 13 in NG vs. 58.6 ± 11.6 in EH, p = 0.001 in males and 68 ± 13.2 in NG vs. 59.2 ± 11.2 in EH, p = 0.001 in females) with similar ventricular extrasystoles (p = 0.363 in males and p = 0.492 in females). However, no significant differences in athletic achievements were registered. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a relatively high prevalence of NG in endurance athletes, in addition to the expected EH. Athletes with NG perform worse in exercise-stress test and exhibit some less advantageous functional heart characteristics. However, the type of heart geometry is not associated with negative clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Gioia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Pasquale Crispino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Monosilio
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ortolina
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Segreti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Squeo
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Lemme
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nenna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pelliccia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, National Italian Olympic Committee, Largo Piero Gabrielli, 1, 00197, Rome, Italy
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Diciolla NS, Rebelo P, Rodrigues G, Grave AS, Dias C, Gomes M, Santos ES, Pereira Z, Pereira L, Marques A. Validation of "CENTR(AR)" walking trails: Different field criteria do not lead to different physical activity intensities in people with COPD. Heart Lung 2024; 67:26-32. [PMID: 38640848 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validating walking trails is essential to promote physical activity (PA) safely and confidently in people with COPD. OBJECTIVES We aimed to validate predetermined light, moderate, and vigorous intensities of walking trails in people with COPD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included individuals with COPD walking in predetermined light, moderate and vigorous intensity trails. Activity intensity and volume outcomes were collected. Dyspnoea and fatigue (modified Borg scale), energy expenditure (EE, Sensewear), heart rate (HR, HR monitor), time spent in different PA intensities, and cadence (ActiGraph) were recorded and used to classify PA intensity. RESULTS Twenty people with COPD [71(7) years, 80 % male, FEV1%predicted 65.6(11.6)] were included. Fatigue differed significantly between light and moderate [3.0(2.0;4.0) vs 3.4(2.5;4.5), p = 0.01], but not vigorous (3.5[2.5-4.0]) tracks. Dyspnoea [2.3(1.5) vs 2.7(1.6) vs 2.6(1.4)], EE [5.1(0.8) vs 4.9(0.5) vs 4.6(0.8) METs], HR [92.5(11.1) vs 93.7(18.6) vs 95.4(15.0) beats/min] and cadence [115.1(104.0;120.3) vs 104.7(99.6;117.6) vs 111.2(99.9;118.5) steps/min] were similar across trails (p > 0.05). Time spent in light and moderate PA, EE volume, walking time, and step count increased along with the proposed intensity levels (p < 0.01). Walking trails were categorised as moderate intensity in most participants. CONCLUSION Walking trails were safe and valid for practising moderate-intensity PA in people with COPD. Participants adjusted their physiological responses and perceived symptoms to match a moderate intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S Diciolla
- Physiotherapy in Women's Health Research Group - FPSM, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Rebelo
- Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Guilherme Rodrigues
- Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Grave
- Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cíntia Dias
- Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria Gomes
- Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - E Samuel Santos
- Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Zulmira Pereira
- Cosmonível Company - Topography, Cartography and Cadaster, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Pereira
- Águeda School of Technology and Management - ESTGA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Alda Marques
- Respiratory Rehabilitation and Research Laboratory - Lab3R, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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An R, Huang X, Zhang S, Gao Y, Li L, Wan Q. Can motor decline be a modifiable marker of clinical progression in subjective cognitive decline? A national prospective cohort study. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 94:103978. [PMID: 38422939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subjective cognitive decline represents a critical stage for preventing mild cognitive impairment and dementia, but the links between clinical progression in the subjective cognitive decline stage and various motor functions remain inconclusive. This cohort study aimed to elucidate the independent and joint associations between the clinical progression of subjective cognitive decline and motor functions. METHODS We enrolled 4880 community-dwelling elderly participants from a national cohort and used Cox proportional hazard regression model and restricted cubic spline models to explore the longitudinal associations between motor functions (gait, strength, balance, and endurance) and the clinical progression of subjective cognitive decline. RESULTS During 5-years follow-up, 1239 participants experienced clinical progression. After adjusting for demographics, vascular burden, body components, and polypharmacy, gait speed [hazard ratios (HRs)= 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94-0.99], chair stand test (HRs=1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.03), and endurance limitation in jogging 1 kilometer (HRs=1.18, 95%CI 1.04-1.34) were significantly associated with clinical progression. Among all participants, individuals characterized by poor upper- and lower-body strength, as well as those with slow pace and reduced endurance, faced the highest risk of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the potential of gait speed, muscle strength, and endurance as non-cognitive indicators of clinical progression in subjective cognitive decline. Understanding their combined effectiveness may reveal primary physiological mechanisms contributing to the dual decline of motor and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shifang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yajing Gao
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Linghan Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiaoqin Wan
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Rouhani M, Tolentino M, Lyons JA, Ng AV. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on muscle function in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 86:105598. [PMID: 38614054 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), muscle fatigue and weakness are common issues that can interfere with daily activities. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), comprising light in a 600-1100 nm bandwidth, is a low-level laser therapy thought to improve muscle performance in non-disease populations, in part, by improving mitochondrial function and thus, might be beneficial in pwMS. Given this potential, we aimed to investigate the effects of PBMT on muscle performance in pwMS, both in the short-term and over an extended period. METHODS This study consisted of two parts with a randomized double-blind crossover design. In study I, muscle function was assessed in four sessions before and after PBMT in ambulatory pwMS (N = 17, F = 14) as follows: maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and muscle fatigue of the right tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was compared at baseline and following a two-min submaximal fatiguing contraction. Then, PBMT was administered to the belly of TA muscle at different doses of energy of an active device (40 J, 80 J, 120 J) or placebo. The muscle function assessment was then repeated. OUTCOME VARIABLES muscle force recovery (%), muscle fatigue (%). Statistical tests included McNemar's exact test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the Friedman test. In study II, a subgroup from study I (N = 12, F = 11) received individualized doses (i.e., best dose-effect observed in study I) of active, or placebo PBMT, which was administered on the TA muscle for two weeks. Muscle function assessments were performed pre- and post-PBMT in four sessions similar to study I. OUTCOME VARIABLES Baseline strength (N), endurance time (s), and muscle fatigue (%). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis. Values are reported as mean (SD). RESULTS In study I, participants who received a high dose of PBMT showed significant improvement in force recovery (101.89 % (13.55 %)) compared to the placebo group (96.3 % (18.48 %); p = 0.03). Muscle fatigue did not significantly improve with either active PBMT or placebo. In study II, active PBMT resulted in a significant improvement in muscle strength compared to both the baseline (pre-PBMT = 162.70 N (37.52 N); post-PBMT = 185.56 N (33.95 N); p = 0.01) and the placebo group (active PBMT: mean-change = 22.87 N (23.67 N); placebo: mean-change = -4.12 N (31.95 N); p = 0.02). Endurance time and muscle fatigue did not show significant improvement with either active PBMT or placebo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that an individualized dose of PBMT might improve muscle performance, including force recovery and strength in individuals with mild-moderate MS. Therefore, PBMT might be a novel therapeutic modality, either as a standalone treatment or in combination with other interventions, to improve muscle performance in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Rouhani
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science program, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, 1250 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Miguel Tolentino
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 East Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jeri-Anne Lyons
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 East Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alexander V Ng
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Science program, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, 1250 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; Program in Exercise Science, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, 1250 West Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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Callovini A, Fornasiero A, Savoldelli A, Decet M, Skafidas S, Pellegrini B, Bortolan L, Schena F. Independent, additive and interactive effects of acute normobaric hypoxia and cold on submaximal and maximal endurance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1185-1200. [PMID: 37962573 PMCID: PMC10955012 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the independent and combined effects of hypoxia (FiO2 = 13.5%) and cold (- 20 °C) on physiological and perceptual responses to endurance exercise. METHODS 14 trained male subjects ( V . O2max: 64 ± 5 mL/kg/min) randomly performed a discontinuous maximal incremental test to exhaustion on a motorized treadmill under four environmental conditions: Normothermic-Normoxia (N), Normothermic-Hypoxia (H), Cold-Normoxia (C) and Cold-Hypoxia (CH). Performance and physiological and perceptual responses throughout exercise were evaluated. RESULTS Maximal WorkLoad (WL) and WL at lactate threshold (LT) were reduced in C (- 2.3% and - 3.5%) and H (- 18.0% and - 21.7%) compared to N, with no interactive (p = 0.25 and 0.81) but additive effect in CH (- 21.5% and - 24.6%). Similarly, HRmax and Vemax were reduced in C (- 3.2% and - 14.6%) and H (- 5.0% and - 7%), showing additive effects in CH (- 7.7% and - 16.6%). At LT, additive effect of C (- 2.8%) and H (- 3.8%) on HR reduction in CH (- 5.7%) was maintained, whereas an interactive effect (p = 0.007) of the two stressors combined was noted on Ve (C: - 3.1%, H: + 5.5%, CH: - 10.9%). [La] curve shifted on the left in CH, displaying an interaction effect between the 2 stressors on this parameter. Finally, RPE at LT was exclusively reduced by hypoxia (p < 0.001), whereas TSmax is synergistically reduced by cold and hypoxia (interaction p = 0.047). CONCLUSION If compared to single stress exposure, exercise performance and physiological and perceptual variables undergo additive or synergistic effects when cold and hypoxia are combined. These results provide new insight into human physiological responses to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Callovini
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - A Fornasiero
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Savoldelli
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - M Decet
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Skafidas
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
| | - B Pellegrini
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Bortolan
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Schena
- CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Wonghanchao T, Sanigavatee K, Poochipakorn C, Huangsaksri O, Yalong M, Poungpuk K, Thanaudom K, Lertsakkongkul P, Lappolpaibul K, Deethong N, Chanda M. Impact of different cooling solutions on autonomic modulation in horses in a novice endurance ride. Animal 2024; 18:101114. [PMID: 38471266 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cooling down is essential for horse recovery before veterinary inspection during an endurance ride. As salt potentially decreases water temperature, we tested whether adding salt to the water used to cool horses could aid their recovery. Twelve healthy Arabian horses participating in a novice endurance ride were divided evenly into two groups. Heart rate variability (HRV) variables, including time and frequency domains, non-linear results, and autonomic nervous system indices, were determined before recovery and at 1-min intervals for 9 min during recovery using either cold or cold-saline water. An interaction between water type and time was observed in the modulation of the SD of beat-to-beat (RR) intervals, square root of the mean squared differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), HRV triangular index, very low-frequency band (VLF), low-frequency band/high-frequency band ratio, and SD of the Poincaré plot perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1) non-linear results. A decrease in heart rate and the sympathetic nervous system index corresponding to an increase in RR intervals and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) index was observed over time. A rise in the triangular interpolation of the normal-to-normal intervals, number of successive RR interval pairs that differ more than 50 ms, low-frequency band, and total power, coinciding with decreased stress index, was detected at 9 min of recovery. A difference between RMSSD and SD1 was observed between groups, in which they were higher in horses cooling with cold-saline water when compared to cold water at 5 min after cooling began. An increase in VLF was seen at 9 min only in horses cooled with cold-saline water. In conclusion, different water types distinctly impacted HRV in horses. The predominant PNS activity in horses recovering with cold-saline water reflects its positive impact on cooling during an endurance ride.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wonghanchao
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand; Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - K Sanigavatee
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand; Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - C Poochipakorn
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand; Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - O Huangsaksri
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand; Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - M Yalong
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - K Poungpuk
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - K Thanaudom
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - P Lertsakkongkul
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - K Lappolpaibul
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - N Deethong
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - M Chanda
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampeang Sean Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73140, Thailand; Thailand Equestrian Federation, Sports Authority of Thailand, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Mateo-March M, Leo P, Muriel X, Javaloyes A, Mujika I, Barranco-Gil D, Pallarés JG, Lucia A, Valenzuela PL. Is all work the same? Performance after accumulated work of differing intensities in male professional cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00082-3. [PMID: 38604818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the ability to attenuate power output (PO) declines after accumulated work (i.e., 'durability') is increasingly recognized as a major determinant of cycling performance, the potential role of the intensity of the previous work is unclear. We assessed the effect of work-matched levels of accumulated work at different intensities on performance in male professional cyclists. DESIGN Observational field-based study. METHODS PO data was registered in 17 cyclists during a competition season, and the critical power (CP) was repeatedly determined every 4 weeks from training sessions and competitions. Participants' maximum mean power (MMP) for different durations (5 s, 5 min, 10 min, and 20 min) and the CP were determined under 'fresh' conditions (0 kJ·kg-1) and after varying levels of accumulated work (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kJ·kg-1) at intensities below and above the CP. RESULTS A significant decline was found for all MMP values following all levels of accumulated work above the CP (-4.0 %, -1.7 %, -1.8 %, and -3.2 % for 30s, 5 min, 10 min and 20 min-MMP, respectively; all p < 0.001), versus no change after any level of accumulated work below the CP (all p > 0.05). Similar results were observed for the CP, which decreased after all levels of accumulated work above (-2.2 %, -6.1 %, and -16.2 %, after 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 kJ·kg-1, p < 0.001) but not below this indicator (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In male professional cyclists, accumulated work above the CP impairs performance compared with work-matched, albeit less intense efforts. This raises concerns on the use of mechanical work per se as a single fatigue/stress indicator in these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mateo-March
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Center, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. https://twitter.com/mmateo_march
| | - Peter Leo
- University Innsbruck, Department Sport Science, Austria. https://twitter.com/peter_leo
| | - Xabier Muriel
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Spain. https://twitter.com/xabimu
| | - Alejandro Javaloyes
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Center, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain. https://twitter.com/alejandro_java
| | - Iñigo Mujika
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Spain; Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Chile. https://twitter.com/inigomujika
| | | | - Jesús G Pallarés
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Spain. https://twitter.com/dpallaresjg
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. https://twitter.com/pl_valenzuela
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Boudoulas KD, Triposkiadis F, Boudoulas H. Cardiac Risks in Long Distance Runners. Cardiology 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38503269 DOI: 10.1159/000537993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harisios Boudoulas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Vasilev V, Boyadjiev N, Hrischev P, Gerginska F, Delchev S, Arabadzhiyska D, Komrakova M, Boeker KO, Schilling AF, Georgieva K. Ostarine blunts the effect of endurance training on submaximal endurance in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03030-w. [PMID: 38451281 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to study the effects of ostarine alone and in combination with endurance training in sexually mature, male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into a treadmill-trained group and a sedentary group. Half of each group received either ostarine or vehicle for 8 weeks (n = 10 each, in total n = 40). We examined some functional, hormonal, and anthropometric parameters and the myogenic gene expression of myostatin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in m. gastrocnemius. Ostarine decreased submaximal endurance and increased myogenic gene expression of myostatin but had no effect on maximal time to exhaustion and grip strength. Training increased submaximal endurance, maximal time to exhaustion, and grip strength. Our results indicate that both exercise and ostarine treatment had no significant effects on serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone, or on the myogenic gene expression of IGF-1 and VEGF-A. Neither ostarine nor the training had a significant effect on the testis, liver, and heart weights. In conclusion, ostarine had no effect on anthropometric and hormonal parameters but increased the myostatin gene expression in muscle. The SARM treatment decreased submaximal endurance without affecting maximal time to exhaustion, and training increased both metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veselin Vasilev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolay Boyadjiev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Hrischev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Fanka Gerginska
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Slavi Delchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Arabadzhiyska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kai O Boeker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Georgieva
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15-A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, Plovdiv, 4002, Bulgaria
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10
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Ramcharan T, Edwards J, O'Driscoll J, Papadakis M. The Acute Impact of Endurance Exercise on Right Ventricular Structure and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2024; 16:25-34. [PMID: 38280812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been many studies since the late 1980s investigating the effect of endurance exercise on the left ventricle. More recently, attention has shifted to the right heart, with suggestions that endurance exercise may have a detrimental effect on the right ventricle. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and critiques 26 studies, including 649 athletes, examining the acute impact of endurance exercise on the right ventricle. We also present a subanalysis contrasting ultraendurance with endurance exercise. Finally, we identify areas for future research, such as the influence of sex, ethnicity, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ramcharan
- Heart Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; MSc Sports Cardiology, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Edwards
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent CT1 1QU, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Fonseca Romeros ACS, Sousa Junior R, Souto D, Fiss A, de Matos MA, Martins Almeida Ayupe K, Palisano RJ, Chagas PSDC, Camargos ACR, Leite HR. Translation, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE). Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1167-1172. [PMID: 37026412 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2194682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Translate, investigate reliability, and construct validity of the Brazilian Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Translation followed the international guidelines. Test-retest reliability was tested by 100 parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP): 18 months-5 years and 6-11 years. To determine construct validity, 94 parents of typically children completed the EASE. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Internal Consistency, and Floor and Ceiling Effect. RESULTS The majority of the sample consisted of children with CP in GMFCS (IV-V). EASE showed good test-retest reliability for younger (ICC = 0.8) and excellent test-retest reliability for older children with CP (ICC = 0.9), and good internal consistency of 0.7 and 0.8 for the young and older group, respectively. Bland-Altman showed the bias close to zero, with no ceiling or floor effect. Regarding construct validity, younger children showed lower scores when compared to the older children. Endurance differed significantly between children with CP who were walking and those who were not walking and also for age groups. Children with CP showed lower endurance compared to typically participants in the same age group. CONCLUSIONS Brazilian EASE is reliable and valid to estimate endurance in children with CP. Results provide evidence of construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Sousa Junior
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Deisiane Souto
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alyssa Fiss
- School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Robert J Palisano
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical and Functional Performance, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Prasitlumkum N, Tokavanich N, Siranart N, Techasatian W, Cheungpasitporn W, Navaravong L, Chokesuwattanaskul R. Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation in endurance athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024; 67:329-339. [PMID: 37466821 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-023-01574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) management in endurance athletes (EA) is challenging due to the paucity of data, especially on the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation (CA). The hypothesis is that the efficacy and safety of AF CA in EA are comparable to the non-EA. METHODS Databases from EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched from inception through February 2023. Studies with available information on efficacy and safety profiles were included. Effect estimates from the individual studies were extracted and combined using random effect and generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. RESULTS Nine observational studies with a total of 1129 participants were identified, of whom 51% were EA. Our analysis found that rate of atrial arrhythmia (AA) recurrences following AF CA was not statistically different between EA and non-EA (RR 1.04, I2 = 57.6%, p = 0.54). The AA survival rates after a single ablation in EA was 60.2%, which improved up to 77% after multiple ablations during the follow-up period. Infrequent complication rates ranging from 0 to 7.6% were observed, with no mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that AF CA is as effective and safe in EA as in non-EA. In the future, AF CA should be considered as a first-line therapeutic choice in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noppachai Siranart
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Witina Techasatian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Leenhapong Navaravong
- Department of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, USA
| | - Ronpichai Chokesuwattanaskul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
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13
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Puccinelli P, Sacchelli AN, Seffrin A, Knechtle B, Weiss K, Andrade MS. Origin and age group of the fastest amateur triathletes competing in 'Ironman Hawaii' between 2003 and 2019. Sports Med Health Sci 2024; 6:70-75. [PMID: 38463666 PMCID: PMC10918356 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the prevalent nationalities among the best-placed athletes participating in "Ironman Hawaii." Moreover, the age at which athletes achieve their best performances remains unclear. The present study aimed to compare the prevalent nationalities among the athletes, their respective placement among the top five, and the performance difference between the different age groups in 'Ironman Hawaii' from 2003 to 2019. A total of 30 354 amateur triathletes were selected from the Obsessed Triathlete (OBSTRI) website. A "TOP 5" division filter was applied for further analysis, resulting in 1 851 athletes being included in this study. Among the male runners, Americans participated the most in Ironman events (39%), followed by Germans (10%). Among female runners, Americans participated the most (54%), followed by Australian runners (8%). Male Americans also featured most among the top five (30%), followed by Germans (16%). Female Americans were the most prevalent among the top five (47%), followed by Australian Americans (10%). There were no significant performance differences (p > 0.05) between the 25-29 and 40-44 age groups for either sex. The 45-49 age group presented significantly worse performance than the 35-39 age group for both sexes (p < 0.001). North Americans were the most performant and frequent participants in "Ironman Hawaii." The expected performance decline due to aging was observed after 45 years in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Puccinelli
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aldo Seffrin
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Weiss
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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O’Leary TJ, Jackson S, Izard RM, Walsh NP, Coombs CV, Carswell AT, Oliver SJ, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Greeves JP. Sex differences in iron status during military training: a prospective cohort study of longitudinal changes and associations with endurance performance and musculoskeletal outcomes. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:581-592. [PMID: 37732392 PMCID: PMC10803825 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated sex differences in Fe status, and associations between Fe status and endurance and musculoskeletal outcomes, in military training. In total, 2277 British Army trainees (581 women) participated. Fe markers and endurance performance (2·4 km run) were measured at the start (week 1) and end (week 13) of training. Whole-body areal body mineral density (aBMD) and markers of bone metabolism were measured at week 1. Injuries during training were recorded. Training decreased Hb in men and women (mean change (-0·1 (95 % CI -0·2, -0·0) and -0·7 (95 % CI -0·9, -0·6) g/dl, both P < 0·001) but more so in women (P < 0·001). Ferritin decreased in men and women (-27 (95 % CI -28, -23) and -5 (95 % CI -8, -1) µg/l, both P ≤ 0·001) but more so in men (P < 0·001). Soluble transferrin receptor increased in men and women (2·9 (95 % CI 2·3, 3·6) and 3·8 (95 % CI 2·7, 4·9) nmol/l, both P < 0·001), with no difference between sexes (P = 0·872). Erythrocyte distribution width increased in men (0·3 (95 % CI 0·2, 0·4)%, P < 0·001) but not in women (0·1 (95 % CI -0·1, 0·2)%, P = 0·956). Mean corpuscular volume decreased in men (-1·5 (95 % CI -1·8, -1·1) fL, P < 0·001) but not in women (0·4 (95 % CI -0·4, 1·3) fL, P = 0·087). Lower ferritin was associated with slower 2·4 km run time (P = 0·018), sustaining a lower limb overuse injury (P = 0·048), lower aBMD (P = 0·021) and higher beta C-telopeptide cross-links of type 1 collagen and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (both P < 0·001) controlling for sex. Improving Fe stores before training may protect Hb in women and improve endurance and protect against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. O’Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, MA, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Sarah Jackson
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, MA, UK
| | - Rachel M. Izard
- Defence Science and Technology, Ministry of Defence, Porton Down, Porton, UK
| | - Neil P. Walsh
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Alexander T. Carswell
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Jonathan C. Y. Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - William D. Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Julie P. Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, MA, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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15
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Konarski JM, Skrzypczak M, Freitas D, Malina RM. Influence of body size and skeletal maturity status on strength and motor performances of soccer players 9-16 years. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4768. [PMID: 38413686 PMCID: PMC10899180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The contributions of height, weight and skeletal age (SA) to strength and motor performances of male soccer players 9-12 (n = 60) and 13-16 (n = 52) years were estimated. SA was assessed with the Fels method, and was expressed as the standardized residual of the regression of SA on chronological age CA (SAsr). Static strength (right + left grip), speed (5 m, 20 m sprints), acceleration (10 to 20 m), agility (figure-of-eight run), explosive strength (vertical jump) and endurance (yo-yo intermittent shuttle run, 13-16 years only) were measured. Hierarchical multiple regression was used. The interaction of SAsr with body size (height and height x weight interaction) explained most of the variance in strength in both age groups, 9-12 years (51.6%) and 13-16 years (56.7%), and in speed (31.4%, 38.7%), acceleration (39.6%), and explosive strength (32.6%) among players 13-16 years. In contrast, SAsr alone explained limited amounts of variance in strength, speed, acceleration and vertical jump among players 9-12 years (1.4-4.5%) and 13-16 years (0-0.5%). Results for agility varied with CA group, while SAsr per se was the primary contributor to endurance among players 13-16 years (18.5% of the variance). Although the influence of body size and skeletal maturity status on performances was significant, the explained variance differed among tasks and between CA groups, and suggested a role for other factors affecting performances of the soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Konarski
- Theory of Sports Department, Poznań University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Skrzypczak
- Theory of Sports Department, Poznań University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, Poznań, Poland
| | - Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert M Malina
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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16
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Bowen M, Samozino P, Vonderscher M, Dutykh D, Morel B. Mathematical modeling of exercise fatigability in the severe domain: A unifying integrative framework in isokinetic condition. J Theor Biol 2024; 578:111696. [PMID: 38070705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is the decay in the ability of muscles to generate force, and results from neural and metabolic perturbations. This article presents an integrative mathematical model that describes the decrease in maximal force capacity (i.e. fatigue) over exercises performed at intensities above the critical force Fc (i.e. severe domain). The model unifies the previous Critical Power Model and All-Out Model and can be applied to any exercise described by a changing force F over time. The assumptions of the model are (i) isokinetic conditions, an intensity domain of Fc
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France.
| | - P Samozino
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
| | - M Vonderscher
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
| | - D Dutykh
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Causal Dynamics Pty Ltd, WA 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - B Morel
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
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17
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Dotan R, Woods S, Langille J, Falk B. Boys-men mean-power-frequency differences in progressive exercise to exhaustion, confounded by variability and adiposity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:491-505. [PMID: 37553549 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only scant research has compared children's mean power frequency (MPF) to adults', with a clear overview still lacking. A significant obstacle has been MPF's high variability, which this study aimed to overcome by elucidating the MPF characteristics distinguishing boys from men in progressive exhaustive exercise. METHODS Electromyographic (EMG) data of 20 men (23.5 ± 2.5yrs) and 17 boys (10.2 ± 1.0 yrs), who performed progressively exhausting, intermittent isometric knee extensions, were subjected to secondary MPF analysis. Participants' vastus lateralis MPF data series were transformed to third-order polynomial regressions and expressed as percentages of the peak polynomial MPF values (%MPFpeak). The resulting curves were compared at 5-% time-to-exhaustion (TTE) intervals, using repeated-measures ANOVA. Raw MPFpeak values were adiposity corrected to 0% fat and used to convert the %MPFpeak data back to absolute MPF values (Hz) for estimating muscle-level MPF. RESULTS No overall interaction or group effects could be shown between the %MPFpeak plots, but pairwise comparisons revealed significantly higher men's values at 50-70%TTE and lower at 100%TTE, i.e. boys' shallower MPF rise and decline. The adiposity-corrected boys' and men's composite MPF values peaked at 125.7 ± 2.5 and 166.0 ± 2.4 Hz, respectively (110.7 ± 1.7 and 122.5 ± 2.1 Hz, uncorrected), with a significant group effect (p < 0.05) and pairwise differences at all %TTE points. CONCLUSIONS The boys were lower than the men in both the observed and, more so, in the adiposity-corrected MPF values that presumably estimate muscle-level MPF. The boys' shallower MPF rise and decline conform to children's claimed type-II motor-unit activation and/or compositional deficits and their related known advantage in muscular endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffy Dotan
- Kinesiology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada.
| | - Stacey Woods
- Kinesiology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Langille
- Kinesiology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Kinesiology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
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18
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Shaw J, Jacobs JV, Van Dillen LR, Beneck GJ, Smith JA. Understanding the Biering-Sørensen test: Contributors to extensor endurance in young adults with and without a history of low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2024; 74:102854. [PMID: 38171249 PMCID: PMC10842485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Biering-Sørensen test is commonly used to assess paraspinal muscle endurance. Research using a single repetition of the test has provided conflicting evidence for the contribution of impaired paraspinal muscle endurance to low back pain (LBP). This study investigated how Sørensen test duration, muscle activation, and muscle fatigability are affected by multiple repetitions of the test and determined predictors of Sørensen test duration in young adults with and without a history of LBP. Sixty-four young individuals performed three repetitions of the Sørensen test. Amplitude of activation and median frequency slope (fatigability) were calculated for the lumbar and thoracic paraspinals and hamstrings. Duration of the test was significantly less for the 3rd repetition in individuals with LBP. In individuals without LBP, test duration was predicted by fatigability of the lumbar paraspinals. In individuals with LBP, Sørensen test duration was predicted by fatigability of the hamstrings and amplitude of activation of the thoracic and lumbar paraspinals. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to amplify the difficulty of the Sørensen test to reveal impairments in young, active adults with LBP. Training programs aiming to improve lumbar paraspinal performance should monitor performance of other synergist muscles during endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Shaw
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, CA, USA
| | - Jesse V Jacobs
- Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, VT, USA
| | - Linda R Van Dillen
- Program in Physical Therapy, Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, WA, USA
| | - George J Beneck
- Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jo Armour Smith
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, CA, USA.
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19
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Marinho AH, da Silva JM, Brandão VFDN, Jatobá SG, Júnior PB, Ataide-Silva T, Sousa FADB, Bastos-Silva VJ, de Araujo GG. Caffeine Mouth Rinse Plus Ingestion Improves the 10-Km Time Trial Compared to Caffeine Mouth Rinse Alone. Res Q Exerc Sport 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38271741 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2293121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background: The benefits of caffeine to physical performance have been extensively demonstrated, however, it has recently been speculated that there is an effect of the administration route on its effectiveness. Purpose: The current study investigated the effect of caffeine mouth rinse in isolation or combined with ingestion on performance in a 30-minute constant-load exercise followed by a 10-km cycling time trial. Methods: Ten physically active men performed a 30-minute constant-load exercise at 50% of the graded test Wmax, followed by a 10-km cycling time trial. Before and at the middle points of the constant-load exercise and 10-km cycling time trial, the following conditions were administered: PLA (cellulose ingestion plus mouth rinsing with magnesium sulfate), ING (5 mg.kg-1 of caffeine ingestion plus mouth rinsing with magnesium sulfate), MR (cellulose ingestion plus mouth rinsing with 1.2% caffeine), and COMB (5 mg.kg-1 of caffeine ingestion plus mouth rinsing with 1.2% caffeine). Results: During the 30-minute constant-load exercise, COMB presented a lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE) than MR (p = .04). For the 10-km time trial, the COMB was faster than MR (MR = 1363 ± 345 vs. COMB = 1291 ± 308s, Δ% = 5.57, p = .05). Mean power output was higher in COMB than PLA, ING, and MR (234 ± 15 vs. 169 ± 29, 148 ± 11, and 145 ± 12 W, respectively). There were no differences between conditions for heart rate and RPE during the 10-km time trial. Conclusion: In summary, caffeine mouth rinsing potentiated the effects of caffeine ingestion during the 10-km time trial compared to caffeine mouth rinsing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Henrique Marinho
- Federal University of Alagoas
- Federal University of Parana
- Federal University of Technology Parana
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Ras J, Soteriades ES, Smith DL, Kengne AP, Leach L. Evaluation of the relationship between occupational-specific task performance and measures of physical fitness, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in firefighters. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38166790 PMCID: PMC10763081 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firefighters are required to perform physically strenuous tasks such as hose drags, victim rescues, forcible entries and stair climbs to complete their public safety mission. Occupational-specific tasks are often used to evaluate the ability of firefighters to adequately/safely perform their duties. Depending on the regions, occupational-specific tasks include six to eight individual tasks, which emphasize distinct aspects of their physical fitness, while also requiring different levels of cardiovascular (CVH) and musculoskeletal health (MSH). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between specific occupational task performance and measures of physical fitness, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 282 full-time male and female firefighters were recruited. A researcher-generated questionnaire and physical measures were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, CVH, MSH and weekly physical activity habits. Physical measures were used to collect data on physical fitness and occupational-specific task performance. RESULTS Absolute cardiorespiratory fitness (abV̇O2max), grip strength, leg strength, push-ups, sit-ups and lean body mass (all p < 0.001) had an inverse association with completion times on all occupational-specific tasks. Age was positively related to the performance of all tasks (all p < 0.05). Higher heart rate variability (HRV) was associated with better performance on all tasks (all p < 0.05). Bodyfat percentage (BF%) and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with the step-up task (p < 0.05). Lower back musculoskeletal injury (LoBMSI), musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD), and lower limb MSD were associated with a decreased odds of passing the step-up. Upper body MSIs (UBMSI), LoBMSIs and Lower back MSD were associated with decreased odds of passing the rescue drag. CONCLUSION Firefighters that were taller, leaner, stronger and fitter with a more favourable CVH profile, higher HRV and less musculoskeletal discomfort performed best on all occupational-specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron Ras
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Elpidoforos S Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise L Smith
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Canli U, Aldhahi MI. The physiological and physical benefits of two types of concurrent training: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:8. [PMID: 38169423 PMCID: PMC10762810 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely acknowledged that aerobic exercise and strength training are crucial components of most workout programs. However, there is no consensus as to whether the effectiveness of exercises is affected by the sequence in which they are performed. Therefore, the overarching aim of the study was to understand the optimal order of two types of concurrent training program for 13 weeks by comparing the effectiveness of the training on body composition, predicated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), dynamic respiratory parameters and muscle strength in healthy middle-aged people. METHODS Thirty-three middle-aged individuals, who were categorized as moderately active based on their responses to International Physical Activity Questionnaires, underwent random allocation. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the Strength Training followed by Aerobic Training group (SAG, n = 16) and the Aerobic Training followed by Strength Training group (ASG, n = 17). Body composition, aerobic endurance, respiratory parameters, and upper and lower strength were assessed at baseline and after (post-test) a 13-week intervention. The chi-square test and the independent t-test were used to compare sociodemographic variables between the groups. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures (group x measurement) was conducted. The study was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov in May of 2023 (clinicaltials.gov identifier: NCT05862415; in 04/25/2023). RESULTS Findings showed no significant differences between the group in the VO2max, FVC or FEV1 (F = 1.122, 0.028, 0.06, 2.483; p > 0.05, respectively). Intragroup analysis revealed changes in PEF compared to baseline in the ASG (F = 5.895; p < 0.05). Increases were observed in all strength parameters for both training programs. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent training effect on muscle composition, oxygen consumption and muscle strength specifically 1RM, in middle-aged individuals are equivocal, regardless of the exercise order. The results indicate that both exercise sequences can elicit similar benefits in terms of cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and endurance. This lack of difference suggests that the order of exercise does not play a significant role in determining the effectiveness of the workout or the subsequent physiological adaptations. CLINICALTIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT05862415. Date of registration: 04/25/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Canli
- Sports Science Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Monira I Aldhahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Sato S, Ishida K, Tanaka NI, Katayama K. Impact of high-intensity interval hyperpnea on aerobic energy release and inspiratory muscle fatigue. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 319:104170. [PMID: 37838229 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory muscle endurance training reportedly has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. We produced a novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol and characterized the associated physiological responses and respiratory muscle fatigue. Peak oxygen uptake of respiratory muscle (V̇O2peakRM) was estimated during the respiratory incremental test. The HII session consisted of five 3-minute hyperpnea periods at 100%V̇O2peakRM interspersed with 2-minute periods at 40%V̇O2peakRM (25 min total). The high-intensity continuous (HIC) session involved a single time-to-end bout of hyperpnea at 100%V̇O2peakRM. The moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) session involved 25 min of hyperpnea at 60% of maximal voluntary ventilation. V̇O2RM was recorded continuously, and maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) was assessed before and after the sessions. HII session: V̇O2RM gradually increased as the sets proceeded, whereas PImax decreased significantly. HIC session: V̇O2RM increased progressively, and the time to end was 6.5 ± 0.5 min. PImax decreased significantly. MIC session: V̇O2RM did not change for 25 min, and PImax remained unchanged. The duration of V̇O2RM at near- and supra-maximal levels in the HII session (10 ± 1 min) was longer than that in the HIC session (4 ± 1 min). The decrease in PImax was larger in the HII session (-12 ± 3 %) than MIC session (-4 ± 3 %). The HII protocol is characterized by a longer time to maximally stimulate the aerobic energy system of respiratory muscle than the HIC protocol and greater inspiratory muscle fatigue than the traditional MIC protocol. These results suggest that the HII protocol could enhance the efficacy of respiratory muscle training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuna Sato
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriko I Tanaka
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisho Katayama
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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23
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Wang J, Dewi L, Peng Y, Hou CW, Song Y, Condello G. Does ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation depend on CYP1A2 genotypes? A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci 2023:S2095-2546(23)00131-X. [PMID: 38158179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ergogenic effects of caffeine intake on exercise performance are well-established, even if differences exist among individuals in response to caffeine intake. The genetic variation of a specific gene, human cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) (rs762551), may be one reason for this difference. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of CYP1A2 gene types on athletes' exercise performance after caffeine intake. METHODS A literature search through 4 databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) was conducted until March 2023. The effect size was expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD) by calculating fixed effects meta-analysis if heterogeneity was not significant (I2 ≤ 50% and p ≥ 0.1). Subgroup analyses were performed based on AA and AC/CC genotype of CYP1A2. RESULTS The final number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was 12 (n = 666 participants). The overall analysis showed that the cycling time trial significantly improved after caffeine intake (WMD = -0.48, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.83 to -0.13, p = 0.007). In subgroup analyses, acute caffeine intake improved cycling time trial only in individuals with the A allele (WMD = -0.90, 95%CI: -1.48 to -0.33, p = 0.002), but not the C allele (WMD = -0.08, 95%CI: -0.32 to 0.17, p = 0.53). Caffeine supplementation did not influence the Wingate (WMD = 8.07, 95%CI: -22.04 to 38.18, p = 0.60) or countermovement jump test (CMJ) performance (WMD = 1.17, 95%CI: -0.02 to 2.36, p = 0.05), and these outcomes were not influenced by CYP1A2 genotype. CONCLUSION Participants with the CYP1A2 genotype with A allele improved their cycling time trials after caffeine supplementation. However, compared to placebo, acute caffeine supplementation failed to increase the Wingate or CMJ performance, regardless of CYP1A2 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Wang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei 11153, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Luthfia Dewi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei 11153, China; Department of Nutrition, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang 50273, Indonesia
| | - Yundong Peng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei 11153, China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Giancarlo Condello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
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Lord RN, Adams ZH, George K, Somauroo J, Jones H, Oxborough D. Exploratory assessment of right ventricular structure and function during prolonged endurance cycling exercise. Echo Res Pract 2023; 10:22. [PMID: 38115147 PMCID: PMC10731767 DOI: 10.1186/s44156-023-00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reduction in right ventricular (RV) function during recovery from prolonged endurance exercise has been documented alongside RV dilatation. A relative elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and therefore RV afterload during exercise has been implicated in this post-exercise dysfunction but has not yet been demonstrated. The current study aimed to assess RV structure and function and pulmonary artery pressure before, during and after a 6-h cycling exercise bout. METHODS Eight ultra-endurance athletes were recruited for this study. Participants were assessed prior to exercise supine and seated, during exercise at 2, 4 and 6 h whilst cycling seated at 75% maximum heart rate, and post-exercise in the supine position. Standard 2D, Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography were used to determine indices of RV size, systolic and diastolic function. RESULTS Heart rate and RV functional parameters increased from baseline during exercise, however RV structural parameters and indices of RV systolic and diastolic function were unchanged between in-exercise assessment points. Neither pulmonary artery pressures (26 ± 9 mmHg vs 17 ± 10 mmHg, P > 0.05) nor RV wall stress (7.1 ± 3.0 vs 6.2 ± 2.4, P > 0.05) were significantly elevated during exercise. Despite this, post-exercise measurements revealed RV dilation (increased RVD1 and 3), and reduced RV global strain (- 21.2 ± 3.5 vs - 23.8 ± 2.3, P = 0.0168) and diastolic tissue velocity (13.8 ± 2.5 vs 17.1 ± 3.4, P = 0.019) vs pre-exercise values. CONCLUSION A 6 h cycling exercise bout at 75% maximum heart rate did not alter RV structure, systolic or diastolic function assessments during exercise. Pulmonary artery pressures are not elevated beyond normal limits and therefore RV afterload is unchanged throughout exercise. Despite this, there is some evidence of RV dilation and altered function in post-exercise measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Lord
- Centre for Health Activity and Wellbeing Research, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, Cyncoed Road, Cardiff, CF23 6XD, UK.
| | - Zoe H Adams
- Centre for Health Activity and Wellbeing Research, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cyncoed Campus, Cyncoed Road, Cardiff, CF23 6XD, UK
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - John Somauroo
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
- Countess of Chester Hospital, NHS Trust, Chester, UK
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Oxborough
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
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Krause A, da Mota de Moreira I, Walser N, Memmert D, Ritzmann R. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Impacts Physiological Responses During Aerobic Running: A Randomized Trial. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:1133-1140. [PMID: 36624960 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the physiological and metabolic responses to running with whole-body electromyostimulation (wbEMS) compared to running without electromyostimulation (control, CG). Methods: Twenty healthy participants (9 male/11 female, age 42 ±7 years) conducted an incremental step test with respiratory gas analysis until exhaustion. Trials were conducted as wbEMS and CG in a random order. As outcome measures, (A) objective total exhaustion, (B) athletic responses (max. time and velocity) and (C) physiological and metabolic responses (V'O2/ kg, V'E, EE, RER, lactate) were compared. (D) The impact on the skeletal muscle was assessed prior, 48 h & 72 h after trial. Results: During both trials, participants (A) ran until total exhaustion. Nonetheless, (B) time and velocity till exhaustion as well as (C) RER prior to the first lactate threshold and V'E were reduced with wbEMS. All other correlates did not differ significantly between wbEMS and CG. Following 48 h and 72 h after the trial with wbEMS, (D) the impact on the skeletal muscle was 7- to 9-fold higher compared to baseline values. Values differed significantly to those after running without wbEMS. Conclusion: With the additional stimulation during voluntary activation, wbEMS induces earlier fatigue and a shift in energy metabolism toward fat utilization. Even during aerobic endurance tasks, a great impact on the skeletal muscle indicated by the rise in CK could be observed which promotes wbEMS as an alternative training stimulus that is easy-to-apply and effective during endurance training.
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Thuany M, Vieira D, Villiger E, Gomes TN, Weiss K, Nikolaidis PT, Sousa CV, Scheer V, Knechtle B. An analysis of the São Silvestre race between 2007-2021: An increase in participation but a decrease in performance. Sports Med Health Sci 2023; 5:277-282. [PMID: 38314049 PMCID: PMC10831388 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the trends of finishers in the São Silvestre race in Brazil, taking into account sex, age, and performance levels. A total of 31 775 runners (women, n = 13 847; men, n = 17 928), aged (45.2 ± 16.8) years, finishers in the São Silvestre race between 2007 and 2021, were considered in the present analysis. Data (event year, date of birth, sex, and race times) were downloaded from the official race website. The man-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, and robust regression model were computed. Participation increased over time for both sexes. Regarding age groups, "31-40 years" (women) and "> 60 years" (men) were those with the highest number of finishers. We found a decrease in performance across the years (β = 2.45; p < 0.005), as well as significant differences in race times for both sexes (U = 42.844; p < 0.001), with men presenting better performances than women. Over time, it was observed an increase in the performance gap between the sexes, but in general, the performance decreased (β = 1.76; p < 0.001). Stakeholders should consider improving the strategies to improve women and young people's participation in running events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Douglas Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil
| | - Elias Villiger
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, 12243, Athens, Greece
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Volker Scheer
- Ultra Sports Science Foundation, 109 Boulevard de l'Europe, 69310, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Valenzuela PL, Santalla A, Alejo LB, Merlo A, Bustos A, Castellote-Bellés L, Ferrer-Costa R, Maffiuletti NA, Barranco-Gil D, Pinós T, Lucia A. Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability: Insights from McArdle disease. J Sport Health Sci 2023:S2095-2546(23)00115-1. [PMID: 38030066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate (CHO) doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease-the paradigm of "exercise intolerance", characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability-and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell (in vitro) level. METHODS Patients with McArdle disease (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 9) underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo. In a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over design, patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO (glucose:fructose = 2:1). Cardiorespiratory, biochemical, perceptual, and electromyographic (EMG) variables were assessed. Additionally, glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations (0.35, 1.00, 4.50, and 10.00 g/L). RESULTS Compared with controls, patients showed the "classical" second-wind phenomenon (after prior disproportionate tachycardia, myalgia, and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise, all p < 0.05) and an impaired endurance exercise capacity (-51% ventilatory threshold and -55% peak power output, both p < 0.001). Regardless of the CHO dose (p < 0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo), CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels, decreased fat oxidation rates, and attenuated the second wind in the patients. However, only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold (+27%, p = 0.010) and peak power output (+18%, p = 0.007). In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes, whereas a dose-response effect was observed in McArdle myotubes. CONCLUSION CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease, a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability. Some of these benefits were dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid 28871, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain; EVOPRED Research Group, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife 38300, Spain
| | - Lidia B Alejo
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Andrea Merlo
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Torre Pedrera di Rimini (RN) 47922, Italy
| | - Asunción Bustos
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Laura Castellote-Bellés
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratoris Clínics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer-Costa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratoris Clínics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | | | - David Barranco-Gil
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Tomás Pinós
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Barcelona 08035, Spain; Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid 28670, Spain
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Martinko A, Sorić M, Jurak G, Starc G. Physical fitness among children with diverse weight status during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-wide, cohort study based on the Slovenian physical fitness surveillance system (SLOfit). Lancet Reg Health Eur 2023; 34:100748. [PMID: 37927431 PMCID: PMC10624998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 public health crisis has exerted immediate negative impacts on children's physical fitness, but the longer-term effects are not clear, and the impact on children with excess weight is yet unknown. We examined changes in multiple components of physical fitness in response to COVID-19 imposed restrictions, but also a year after the restrictions were terminated, and compared these trends in groups of boys and girls with normal weight, overweight, or obesity before the pandemic. Methods Information was gathered through Slovenia's national fitness surveillance system, and included 41,330 children (19,890 girls), aged 5-17, who had their fitness levels measured yearly from 2019 to 2022. Multilevel linear mixed models, fitted separately for boys and girls, were used to model the individual-level trends over time in centile score for each fitness test across 3 weight groups. Findings Overall fitness levels decreased markedly across all weight categories between 2019 and 2020, with the largest decreases in Total Fitness Index observed in children with normal weight and overweight (-8.4 and -7.7 centiles for boys and -8.3 and -8.8 for girls, respectively, p < 0.001). While there was some recovery in the overall fitness level between 2020 and 2022, it remained much lower in 2022 compared to 2019 across most groups, apart from boys with obesity. Fitness components that had the largest impact on general fitness trends were cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body power, body core, and upper body strength. Interpretation A severe decline in fitness that has not come close to returning to pre-pandemic levels in most population groups of youth begs for urgent population-wide initiatives that will provide additional opportunities for physical activity to youth. Among vulnerable groups, girls with overweight and obesity deserve a special focus of these policies. Funding Horizon 2020 (Grant no. 774548), Slovenian National Research Agency (Grant no. P5-0142), Croatian Science Foundation (Grant no. DOK-2020-01-3728).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hébert-Losier K, Ngawhika TM, Balsalobre-Fernandez C, O'Neill S. Calf muscle abilities are related to sprint performance in male Rugby Union players. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 64:117-122. [PMID: 37837863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the strength of the relationship between plantarflexor power and strength-endurance metrics and 10-m sprint times in male Rugby Union players. A secondary aim was to examine the strength of the relationship within calf muscle metrics. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional correlational. SETTING Field-based. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen male Rugby Union players in the National Provincial Championship. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed three single-leg calf muscle tests: bodyweight power, weighted power, and strength-endurance. Data were recorded using the Calf Raise application. Three-to-four days later, average and best 10-m sprint performances were collected using timing lights. RESULTS There were large significant correlations between 10-m sprint performances (average and best times) and calf muscle power (weighted) and strength-endurance (total displacement and work) metrics (r = -0.503 to -0.628). There were large significant correlations between bodyweight and weighted power, weighted power and strength-endurance (total displacement and work), and most strength-endurance metrics (r = 0.520 to 0.943). CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasise the importance of triceps surae muscle power and strength-endurance for maximal-effort accelerations and sprint performances in Rugby Union. Our data indicate that weighted power and total work from strength-endurance tests are the most useful metrics for further investigation in the context of short sprints and acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hébert-Losier
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, New Zealand. https://twitter.com/KimHebertLosier
| | - Te Manawa Ngawhika
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, New Zealand; Bay of Plenty Rugby, New Zealand.
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Ismailova G, Wagenmakers MAEM, Brusse E, van der Ploeg AT, Favejee MM, van der Beek NAME, van den Berg LEM. Long-term benefits of physical activity in adult patients with late onset Pompe disease: a retrospective cohort study with 10 years of follow-up. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:319. [PMID: 37821981 PMCID: PMC10566098 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2011 a 12 weeks personalized exercise training program in 23 mildly affected adult late onset Pompe patients (age 19.6-70.5 years) improved endurance, muscle strength and function. Data on long-term effects of this program or of other physical activity in Pompe disease are absent. This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore effects of long-term healthy physical activity according to the WHO norm and the former exercise training program on the disease course. RESULTS A total of 29 adult late onset Pompe patients were included: 19 former exercise training program participants and 10 comparable control patients. Patients, who based on interviews, met the 2010 WHO healthy physical activity norm (active, n = 16) performed better on endurance (maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle strength and function compared to patients not meeting this norm (inactive, n = 13) (p < 0.05). Majority of the outcomes, including endurance and manually tested muscle strength, tended to be higher in the active patients of the 2011 training cohort who continued the program compared to active control patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In Pompe disease long-term healthy physical activity according to the 2010 WHO norm leads to physical benefits and a personalized exercise training program may have additional favorable effects and both should be recommended as standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamida Ismailova
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Mailbox 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet A. E. M. Wagenmakers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Mailbox 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Brusse
- Department of Neurology, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Mailbox 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans T. van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Mailbox 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marein M. Favejee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Mailbox 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine A. M. E. van der Beek
- Department of Neurology, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Mailbox 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda E. M. van den Berg
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Mailbox 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Krause A, Walser N, Centner C, Memmert D, da Mota de Moreia I, Ritzmann R. Running with whole-body electromyostimulation improves physiological determinants of endurance performance - a randomized control trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:126. [PMID: 37794506 PMCID: PMC10548652 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and metabolic adaptations to an eight-week running intervention with whole-body electromyostimulation (wbEMS) compared to running without wbEMS. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 59 healthy participants (32 female/ 27 male, 41 ± 7 years, rel.V̇O2max 40.2 ± 7.4 ml/min/kg) ran twice weekly à 20 min for eight weeks either with a wbEMS suit (EG) or without wbEMS (control group, CG). Before and after the intervention, (i) rel.V̇O2max, heart rate and time to exhaustion were recorded with an incremental step test with an incremental rate of 1.20 km/h every 3 min. They were interpreted at aerobic and (indirect) anaerobic lactate thresholds as well as at maximum performance. (ii) Resting metabolic rate (RQ) as well as (iii) body composition (%fat) were assessed. RESULTS Following the intervention, V̇O2max was significantly enhanced for both groups (EG ∆13 ± 3%, CG ∆9 ± 3%). Velocity was elevated at lactate thresholds and maximum running speed (EG ∆3 ± 1%, CG ∆2 ± 1%); HRmax was slightly reduced by -1 beat/min. No significant changes were observed for time until exhaustion and lactate. RQ was significantly enhanced following both trainings by + 7%. %fat was reduced for both groups (EG ∆-11 ± 3%, CG ∆-16 ± 5%), without any changes in body mass. Results did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions had a positive impact on aerobic power. The rightward shift of the time-velocity graph points towards improved endurance performance. The effects of wbEMS are comparable to those after high-intensity training and might offer a time-efficient alternative to affect physiological and metabolic effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, ID DRKS00026827, date 10/26/21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Krause
- Institute of Training and Computer Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Centner
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport and Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Training and Computer Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivo da Mota de Moreia
- Institute of Training and Computer Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramona Ritzmann
- Institute of Sport and Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Valenzuela PL, Alejo LB, Montalvo-Pérez A, Revuelta C, Ojanguren D, Lucia A, Barranco-Gil D. Laboratory-based determinants of simulated time trial performance in cyclists. Biol Sport 2023; 40:1169-1176. [PMID: 37867760 PMCID: PMC10588575 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.122484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Different laboratory-based variables are individually associated with cycling performance, but scarce evidence exists on which of them, when all assessed in combination, could best explain cycling performance. The present study aimed to examine the combined association between laboratory-based endurance, strength/power and body composition indicators with time trial performance in high-level cyclists. Ninety-four male cyclists were recruited (age: 20 ± 3.5 years, maximum oxygen uptake [V̇O2max]: 77.7 ± 5.4 ml · kg-1 · min-1). Participants performed a maximal incremental cycling test for the assessment of endurance indicators (peak power output [PPO], V̇O2max, ventilatory threshold [VT] and respiratory compensation point [RCP]), and an incremental loading test to assess muscle strength and power-related outcomes (1-repetition maximum, mean maximal power) in the squat, lunge and hip-thrust exercises. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. On a separate visit, participants performed a simulated 8-minute time trial to assess cycling performance (determined as the mean power output attained). Strong-to-very-strong correlations were found between all endurance indicators and time trial performance (most r-values ranging between 0.68-0.92), whereas weaker correlations were found for strength/power (r-values < 0.5) or body composition (r-values < 0.7) indicators. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that VT, RCP and PPO explained together 92% of the variance in time trial performance (p < 0.001), with no significant contribution of the remaining variables. Although different endurance, strength/power and body composition individually correlate with simulated time trial performance in high-level cyclists, the former (and particularly VT, RCP and PPO) show the strongest association when all studied in combination. These findings underscore the importance of endurance capabilities (above strength/power or body composition) for maximizing time trial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia B. Alejo
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Revuelta
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Ojanguren
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Tebeck ST, Buckley JD, Stanley J. Longitudinal haematological responses to training load and heat acclimation preceding a male team pursuit cycling world record. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:1859-1867. [PMID: 36404735 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2150896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated relationships between changes in training load, haematological responses, and endurance exercise performance during temperate and heat acclimation (HA) training preceding a male team cycling pursuit world record (WR). Haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and concentration ([Hb]), plasma volume (PV) and blood volume (BV) were assessed in nine male track endurance cyclists (∼3 occasions per month) training in temperate conditions (247-142 days prior to the WR) to establish responses to differing acute (ATL) and chronic (CTL) training loads. Testing was performed again pre- and post-HA (22-28 days prior to the WR). Endurance performance (V̇O₂max, 4MMP, lactate threshold 1 and 2) was assessed on three occasions (238-231, 189-182 and 133-126 days prior to the WR). In temperate conditions, CTL was associated with Hbmass (B = 0.62, P = 0.02), PV (B = 4.49, P = 0.01) and BV (B = 6.51, P = 0.04) but not [Hb] (B = -0.01, P = 0.17). ATL was associated with PV (B = 2.28, P < 0.01), BV (B = 2.63, P = 0.04) and [Hb] (B = -0.01, P = 0.04) but not Hbmass (B = 0.10, P = 0.41). During HA, PV increased 8.2% (P < 0.01), while Hbmass, CTL and ATL were unchanged. Hbmass and [Hb] were associated with all performance outcomes (P < 0.05), except V̇O2max. PV and BV were not associated with performance outcomes. During temperate training, changes in Hbmass were most strongly associated with changes in CTL. Both CTL and ATL were associated with changes in PV, but HA was associated with increased PV and maintenance of Hbmass without increasing ATL or CTL. In practical terms, maintaining high CTL and high Hbmass might be beneficial for improving endurance performance.HIGHLIGHTSChanges in haemoglobin mass were associated with endurance exercise performance and changes in chronic training load in temperate conditions.Heat acclimation increased plasma volume and maintained haemoglobin mass independently of chronic training load.Chronic training loads and haemoglobin mass should be increased to improve endurance exercise performance.Heat acclimation may optimise haematological adaptations when training load is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Tebeck
- Department of Sports Science, South Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jamie Stanley
- Department of Sports Science, South Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Cycling Team, Cycling Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Browne J, Elbogen EB, Mueser KT, Rudolph JL, Wu WC, Philip NS, Mills WL, Sloane R, Hall KS. Physical Function Assessment of Older Veterans With Serious Mental Illness. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:657-666. [PMID: 36941144 PMCID: PMC10474249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the physical function of older veterans with serious mental illness (SMI) across endurance, strength, and mobility domains. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of clinical performance data. SETTING Gerofit program, a national outpatient supervised exercise program for older veterans, delivered in Veterans Health Administration sites. PARTICIPANTS Older veterans aged 60 and older (n = 166 with SMI, n = 1,441 without SMI) enrolled across eight national Gerofit sites between 2010 and 2019. MEASUREMENTS Performance measures of physical function covering endurance (6-minute walk test), strength (chair stands, arm curls), and mobility (10-m walk, 8-foot-up-and-go), were administered at Gerofit enrollment. Baseline data from these measures were analyzed to characterize the functional profiles of older veterans with SMI. One sample t tests were examined to compare functional performance of older veterans with SMI to age- and sex-based reference scores. Propensity score matching (1:3) and linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate differences in function between veterans with and without SMI. RESULTS Older veterans with SMI performed worse on all measures of function (chair stands, arm curls, 10-m walk, 6-minute walk test, 8-foot-up-and-go) compared to age- and sex-based reference scores with statistically significant differences present in the male sample. Functional performance of those with SMI was also worse compared to propensity-score matched older veterans without SMI with statistically significant differences on chair stands, 6-minute walk test, and 10-m walk. CONCLUSION Older veterans with SMI have compromised strength, mobility, and endurance. Physical function should be a core component of screening and treatment for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Browne
- Research Service, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC.
| | - Eric B Elbogen
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Kim T Mueser
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Departments of Occupational Therapy, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - James L Rudolph
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Medical Service, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI
| | - Noah S Philip
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI
| | - Whitney L Mills
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI; Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Richard Sloane
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Katherine S Hall
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Waldman HS, Witt CR, Grozier CD, McAllister MJ. A self-selected 16:8 time-restricted eating quasi-experimental intervention improves various markers of cardiovascular health in middle-age male cyclists. Nutrition 2023; 113:112086. [PMID: 37331215 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that may offer some protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD), while also preserving performance in athletes. To date however, research on TRE in an active population has only been conducted in college-age cohorts and the effects of TRE in an older, trained population are less understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 4-wk, 16:8 TRE intervention on markers of CVD risk in middle-age, male cyclists. METHODS Participants (N = 12; age, 51.9 ± 8.6 y; training duration/wk, 375 ± 140 min; peak aerobic capacity, 41.8 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min) reported to the laboratory for two sessions (i.e., at baseline and post-TRE) where blood was drawn from an antecubital vein after an 8-h overnight fast. Dependent variables measured at baseline and post-TRE included insulin, cortisol, brain-derived neurotropic factor, free testosterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, C-reactive protein, advanced oxidative protein products, glutathione, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, glucose, and a full lipid profile. RESULTS Compared with baseline, TRE significantly lowered TNF-α (12.3 ± 3.4 versus 9.2 ± 2.4 pg/mL; P = 0.02) and glucose concentrations (93.4 ± 9.7 versus 87.5 ± 7.9 mg/dL; P = 0.01), as well as significantly elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (45.7 ± 13.7 versus 49.2 ± 12.3 mg/dL; P = 0.04), respectively. No further significant changes were observed between the remaining variables (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that incorporating a 4-wk TRE intervention with habitual endurance training can significantly improve some markers of CVD risk and may compliment the robust health benefits derived from a regular exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S Waldman
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, United States.
| | - Craig R Witt
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, United States
| | - Corey D Grozier
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, United States
| | - Matthew J McAllister
- Metabolic and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States
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Maruo Y. Characteristics of water jump for better performance in collegiate male 3000 m steeplechase. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15918. [PMID: 37641596 PMCID: PMC10460561 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 3000 m steeplechase consists of 28 barriers and seven water-jumping obstacles. The water jump in the 3000 m steeplechase makes it different from the sprint hurdle events. It is important for coaches and athletes to understand how to clear the water jump successfully. I aimed to investigate whether the takeoff and landing distances for the water jump per lap differ between participants with good and worse records. Methods Data were collected from the men's 3000 m steeplechase races (heats) at Kanto Intercollegiate race. A total of 48 men's performances were analyzed (24 upper group, 24 lower group). Takeoff distance, landing distance and clearance time were analyzed. Takeoff distance, landing distance, total water jump distance and clearance time were subjected to mixed two-way ANOVAs with repeated factors of Lap (lap 1/lap 2/lap 3/lap 4/lap 5/lap 6/lap 7) with Group (upper group/lower group) as a between group factor. Results Takeoff distance was longer for upper group (1.43 m) than lower group (1.34 m) (p = .01). Landing distance was longer for upper group (2.95 m) than for lower group (2.74 m) (p = .01) and was longer for lap 1 (2.95 m) than last three laps (lap 5: 2.83 m, lap 6: 2.82 m, lap 7: 2.76 m) (p = .01). Discussion Individuals who were faster in 3000 m steeplechase exhibited longer water jump distance. The effect of fatigue might be greater for landing distance than for takeoff distance. Because the landing distance becomes shorter in the second half of the 3000 m steeplechase, it is important to note that athletes should aim to land as far away from the water pit as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Maruo
- Department of Physical Education, Tokyo Women’s College of Physical Education, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
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Lin JC, Chen IH, Cheng FY. Review articles (Meta-Analyses) effects of walking on cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:500. [PMID: 37605156 PMCID: PMC10441758 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and the more serious decline of dementia. Previous studies have shown that regular exercise can improve cognition and physical performance in older adults. Walking is a low-technology and low-cost exercise that has been proven to improve cognition and mobility in healthy elderly individuals. However, no systematic review or meta-analysis has explored whether walking can improve cognitive function in older adults with MCI. This study aimed to explore the effects of walking interventions on cognitive functions in individuals with MCI. METHODS In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Web of Science, Airiti Library, and the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan were searched from inception to July 2023. Independent reviewers selected randomized clinical trials (RCT) that compared the effects of walking with no intervention or other exercises in individuals with MCI. The primary outcomes were cognitive functions, and the secondary outcome was walking endurance. Three reviewers independently conducted data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs were included in this review. The quality of evidence in these studies was rated as good to excellent. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the individuals with MCI had no significant improvement in cognitive function but had significant improvement in the 6-min walk test (Mean Difference=23.70, p=0.008) after walking interventions compared to no intervention or other exercises. CONCLUSION Walking intervention has no significant improvement on cognitive functions in older adults with MCI. However, walking induces beneficial effects on aerobic capacity. TRIAL REGISTRATION This systematic review has the registration number CRD42021283753 on PROSPERO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chi Lin
- MacKay Medical College, Institute of Long-Term Care, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd, Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Cheng
- MacKay Medical College, Institute of Long-Term Care, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd, Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.
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Chen C, Yang S, Tang Y, Yu X, Chen C, Zhang C, Luo F. Correlation between strength/ endurance of paraspinal muscles and sagittal parameters in patients with degenerative spinal deformity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:643. [PMID: 37563700 PMCID: PMC10413613 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sagittal imbalance is a common cause of low back pain and dysfunction in patients with degenerative spinal deformity (DSD), which greatly affects their quality of life. Strength and endurance are important functional physical indexes for assessing muscle condition. However, the correlation between sagittal parameters and paraspinal muscle strength/endurance is not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between strength/endurance of paraspinal muscles and sagittal parameters in patients with DSD. METHODS There were 105 patients with DSD and 52 healthy volunteers (control group) enrolled. They were divided into the balance group [sagittal vertical axis (SVA) < 5 cm, n = 68] and imbalance group (SVA ≥ 5 cm, n = 37). The maximal voluntary exertion (MVE)/Endurance time (ET) of paravertebral muscles were assessed using the prone position test stand, and the sagittal parameters of the subjects were measured, namely, SVA, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). Pearson coefficients were used to assess the correlation between paraspinal muscle MVE/ET and sagittal parameters. RESULTS MVE and ET of paravertebral muscles in the control group were significantly higher than those in the balance and imbalance groups (P < 0.05), whereas MVE in the balance group was significantly higher than that in the imbalance group (P < 0.05). SVA in the imbalance group was significantly higher than those in the control and balance groups (P < 0.05). SS and TK in the control group were significantly higher than those in the imbalance group (P < 0.05), and PT and PI in the control group were significantly lower than those in the balance and imbalance groups (P < 0.05). LL in the imbalance group was significantly lower than that in the balance and control groups (P < 0.05). MVE, MVE/BH, and MVE/BW of paraspinal muscles in the imbalance group were negatively correlated with SVA and PT. Moreover, they were positively correlated with LL. CONCLUSIONS Deformity may cause the decrease of MVE and ET of paraspinal muscles in the prone position in patients with DSD. Furthermore, the decline in MVE of paraspinal muscles may be a predisposing factor for the imbalance observed. The decrease of MVE/BW of paraspinal muscles may be involved in spinal compensation, and it is a sensitive indicator for sagittal imbalance and lumbar lordosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No 30, Gaotanyan Street, 400038 Shapingba, Chongqing, China
- Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No 30, Gaotanyan Street, 400038 Shapingba, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Hospital of Eighty-third Army, Xinxiang Medical College, 210 Wenhua Street, Hongqi District, 453000 Xinxiang, Henan province China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No 30, Gaotanyan Street, 400038 Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueke Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No 30, Gaotanyan Street, 400038 Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No 30, Gaotanyan Street, 400038 Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No 30, Gaotanyan Street, 400038 Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No 30, Gaotanyan Street, 400038 Shapingba, Chongqing, China
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Ernst MJ, Sax N, Meichtry A, Aegerter AM, Luomajoki H, Lüdtke K, Gallina A, Falla D. Cervical musculoskeletal impairments and pressure pain sensitivity in office workers with headache. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 66:102816. [PMID: 37394322 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Office workers are specifically vulnerable to headache conditions. Neck pain is reported by almost 80% of patients with headaches. Associations between currently recommended tests to examine cervical musculoskeletal impairments, pressure pain sensitivity and self-reported variables in headache, are unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether cervical musculoskeletal impairments and pressure pain sensitivity are associated with self-reported headache variables in office workers. METHODS This study reports a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data of a randomized controlled trial. Office workers with headache were included in this analysis. Multivariate associations, controlled for age, sex and neck pain, between cervical musculoskeletal variables (strength, endurance, range of motion, movement control) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) over the neck and self-reported headache variables, such as frequency, intensity, and the Headache-Impact-Test-6, were examined. RESULTS Eighty-eight office workers with a 4-week headache frequency of 4.8 (±5.1) days, a moderate average headache intensity (4.5 ± 2.1 on the NRS), and "some impact" (mean score: 53.7 ± 7.9) on the headache-impact-test-6, were included. Range of motion and PPT tested over the upper cervical spine were found to be most consistently associated with any headache variable. An adjusted R2 of 0.26 was found to explain headache intensity and the score on the Headache-Impact-Test-6 by several cervical musculoskeletal and PPT variables. DISCUSSION Cervical musculoskeletal impairments can explain, irrespective of coexisting neck pain, only little variability of the presence of headache in office workers. Neck pain is likely a symptom of the headache condition, and not a separate entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Ernst
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Nadine Sax
- Institute of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - André Meichtry
- Institute of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Martina Aegerter
- Institute of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Hannu Luomajoki
- Institute of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Lüdtke
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessio Gallina
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deborah Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Karlsson E, Alricsson M, Melin A. Symptoms of eating disorders and low energy availability in recreational active female runners. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001623. [PMID: 37485001 PMCID: PMC10357753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate symptoms of eating disorders (EDs) and low energy availability (LEA) among recreational female runners. Methods Females (18-39 years) (n=89) participating in running group sessions organised by running clubs and companies were recruited via social media and completed an anonymous online survey compromising the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q). An EDE-Q global score ≥2.3 and a LEAF-Q total score ≥8 (in combination with an injury score≥2 and/or menstruation dysfunction score≥4) were used to categorise subjects as having symptoms of EDs and LEA, respectively. Results Among the subjects fulfilling the age criteria (n=85), 18% (n=15) had symptoms of EDs and 19% (n=16) had symptoms of LEA. Of those with symptoms of EDs, 13% (n=2) had concomitant symptoms of LEA. The higher the EDE-Q dietary restraint score, the higher the gastrointestinal problem score (r=0.23, p=0.04), otherwise no other associations were found between EDE-Q global or subscale scores and LEAF-Q scores. Conclusion Our results indicate that symptoms of EDs and LEA are frequent among adult females at all athletic levels, including the recreational level. Hence, to prevent the negative health consequences of EDs and LEA, preventative initiatives are also needed in recreational running communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Karlsson
- Department of Sports Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marie Alricsson
- Department of Sports Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anna Melin
- Department of Sports Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Participation and performance characteristics in half-marathon run: a brief narrative review. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:115-122. [PMID: 36326961 PMCID: PMC10329575 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Half-marathon (HM) is a running sport of increasing popularity in both sexes and in all age groups worldwide during the last years. Many studies have examined several aspects of HM, such as performance and participation trends, sex and age differences, physiological correlates, and training; however, no comprehensive review has ever been contacted to summarize the recently accumulated knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review all previous research in this sport, focusing on participation and performance aspects. It was shown that HM runners had similar anthropometric and physiological characteristics as full-marathon runners which should be attributed to the affinity of these two races in terms of metabolic demands. Performance in HM was related with superior scores in aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold and running economy) and training characteristics (sport experience, weekly distance, training speed, frequency of sessions and long single endurance run distance), and lower scores in adiposity-related scores (e.g. body mass, body mass index, body fat percentage and skinfold thickness). Considering the popularity of HM race and the lack of many original studies (compared to FM race), this is an exciting field for scientific research with a large potential for practical applications, since the majority of HM runners are amateur runners in need of sex-, age- and performance-tailored exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bruggisser F, Knaier R, Roth R, Wang W, Qian J, Scheer FAJL. Best Time of Day for Strength and Endurance Training to Improve Health and Performance? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37208462 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for physical exercise include information about the frequency, intensity, type, and duration of exercise. However, to date, there are no recommendations on what time of day one should exercise. The aim was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate if the time of day of exercise training in intervention studies influences the degree of improvements in physical performance or health-related outcomes. METHODS The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were that the studies conducted structured endurance and/or strength training with a minimum of two exercise sessions per week for at least 2 weeks and compared exercise training between at least two different times of the day using a randomized crossover or parallel group design. RESULTS From 14,125 screened articles, 26 articles were included in the systematic review of which seven were also included in the meta-analyses. Both the qualitative synthesis and the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis) provide little evidence for or against the hypothesis that training at a specific time of day leads to more improvements in performance-related or health-related outcomes compared to other times. There was some evidence that there is a benefit when training and testing occur at the same time of day, mainly for performance-related outcomes. Overall, the risk of bias in most studies was high. CONCLUSIONS The current state of research provides evidence neither for nor against a specific time of the day being more beneficial, but provides evidence for larger effects when there is congruency between training and testing times. This review provides recommendations to improve the design and execution of future studies on this topic. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021246468).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kruse T, Shamai S, Leflerovà D, Wirth B, Heller R, Schloss N, Lehmann HC, Brakemeier S, Hagenacker T, Braumann B, Wunderlich G. Objective measurement of oral function in adults with spinal muscular atrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:103. [PMID: 37138365 PMCID: PMC10155305 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of bulbar function in adult individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) usually is not assessed by established motor scores. Measurements of oral function including quantitative muscle and endurance tests are able to detect subtle changes. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the measurement of maximum bite force and endurance, maximum tongue pressure and endurance, as well as maximum mouth opening in adult individuals with SMA types 2 and 3. METHODS Data from oral function tests in 43 individuals were analyzed. Differences in oral function between individuals with different SMA types and numbers of SMN2 copies were tested. Spearman´s rho correlations among oral function measures themselves as well as with established clinical outcome scales were analyzed. RESULTS The absolute maximum measures of oral function (maximum bite force, maximum tongue pressure, maximum mouth opening) were able to discriminate between individuals with different SMA types, individuals with a different number of SMN2 copies and with different walking abilities. The pairwise correlations of the absolute maximum measures of oral function were fair to moderate in size; the same was true for their correlations with the established motor scores. All correlations assessing endurance measures of oral function were weaker and statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Among the oral function tests maximum tongue pressure and maximum mouth opening are particulary promising as clinical and sensitive outcome measures for clinical trials. Oral function tests may supplement existing motor scores, in particular concerning specific questions about bulbar function or in severely affected non-ambulatory individuals where mild (treatment-related) changes would otherwise remain undetected. Trial registration DRKS, DRKS00015842. Registered 30 July 2019, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00015842.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kruse
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Shamai
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Leflerovà
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Wirth
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Heller
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genetic Health Service NZ-Northern Hub, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland City Hospital, 90-102 Grafton Rd, Grafton, NZ-Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - N Schloss
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - H C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Brakemeier
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Braumann
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Wunderlich
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Burnley M. Invited review: The speed-duration relationship across the animal kingdom. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 279:111387. [PMID: 36740171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The parameters of the hyperbolic speed-duration relationship (the asymptote critical speed, CS, and the curvature constant, D') provide estimates of the maximal steady state speed (CS) and the distance an animal can run, swim, or fly at speeds above CS before it is forced to slow down or stop (D'). The speed-duration relationship has been directly studied in humans, horses, mice and rats. The technical difficulties with treadmill running in dogs and the relatively short greyhound race durations means that, perhaps surprisingly, it has not been assessed in dogs. The endurance capabilities of lizards, crabs and salamanders has also been measured, and the speed-duration relationship can be calculated from these data. These analyses show that 1) raising environmental temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C in lizards can double the CS with no change in D'; 2) that lungless salamanders have an extremely low critical speed due, most likely, to O2 diffusion limitations associated with cutaneous respiration; and 3) the painted ghost crab possesses the highest endurance parameter ratio (D'/CS) yet recorded (470 s), allowing it to maintain high speeds for extended periods. Although the speed-duration relationship has not been measured in fish, the sustainable swimming speed has been quantified in a range of species and is conceptually similar to the maximal steady state in humans. The high aerobic power of birds and low metabolic cost of transport during flight permits the extreme feats of endurance observed in bird migrations. However, the parameters of the avian speed-duration relationship have not been quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Burnley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
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Hugues N, Pin-Barre C, Brioche T, Pellegrino C, Berton E, Rivera C, Laurin J. High-intensity training with short and long intervals regulate cortical neurotrophic factors, apoptosis markers and chloride homeostasis in rats with stroke. Physiol Behav 2023; 266:114190. [PMID: 37055005 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The optimal endurance exercise parameters remain to be defined to potentiate long-term functional recovery after stroke. We aim to assess the effects of individualized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with either long or short intervals on neurotrophic factors and their receptors, apoptosis markers and the two-main cation-chloride cotransporters in the ipsi- and contralesional cerebral cortices in rats with cerebral ischemia. Endurance performance and sensorimotor functions were also assessed METHODS: : Rats with a 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) performed work-matched HIIT4 (intervals: 4min) or HIIT1 (intervals: 1min) on treadmill for 2 weeks. Incremental exercises and sensorimotor tests were performed at day 1 (D1), D8, and D15 after tMCAO. Molecular analyses were achieved in both the paretic and non-paretic triceps brachii muscles and the ipsi- and contralesional cortices at D17 RESULTS: : Gains in endurance performance are in a time-dependent manner from the first week of training. This enhancement is supported by the upregulation of metabolic markers in both triceps brachii muscles. Both regimens alter the expression of neurotrophic markers and chloride homeostasis in a specific manner in the ipsi- and contralesional cortices. HIIT acts on apoptosis markers by promoting anti-apoptotic proteins in the ipsilesional cortex CONCLUSION: : HIIT regimens seem to be of clinical relevance in the critical period of stroke rehabilitation by strongly improving aerobic performance. Also, the observed cortical changes suggest an influence of HIIT on neuroplasticity in both ipsi- and contralesional hemispheres. Such neurotrophic markers might be considered as biomarkers of functional recovery in individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hugues
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRAE, DMEM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Berton
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jérôme Laurin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France.
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Aylwin P, Havenith G, Cardinale M, Lloyd A, Ihsan M, Taylor L, Adami PE, Alhammoud M, Alonso JM, Bouscaren N, Buitrago S, Esh C, Gomez-Ezeiza J, Garrandes F, Labidi M, Lange G, Moussay S, Mtibaa K, Townsend N, Wilson M, Bermon S, Racinais S. Thermoregulatory responses during road races in hot-humid conditions at the 2019 Athletics World Championships. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1300-1311. [PMID: 37022963 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00348.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To characterise thermoregulatory and performance responses of elite road-race athletes, while competing in hot, humid, night-time conditions during the 2019 IAAF World Athletic Championships. Method: Male and female athletes, competing in the 20 km racewalk (n=20 males, 24 females), 50 km racewalk (n=19 males, 8 females) and marathon (n=15 males, 22 females) participated. Exposed mean skin (Tsk) and continuous core body (Tc) temperature were recorded with infrared thermography and ingestible telemetry pill, respectively. Results: The range of ambient conditions (recorded roadside) were 29.3-32.7°C air temperature, 46-81 % relative humidity, 0.1-1.7 m∙s-1 air velocity and 23.5-30.6°C wet bulb globe temperature. Tc increased by 1.5 ± 0.1°C but mean Tsk decreased by 1.5 ± 0.4°C over the duration of the races. Tsk and Tc changed most rapidly at the start of the races and then plateaued, with Tc showing a rapid increase again at the end, in a pattern mirroring pacing. Performance times were between 3 to 20 % (mean = 113 ± 6%) longer during the championships compared to the personal best (PB) of athletes. Overall mean performance relative to PB was correlated with the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) of each race (R2 = 0.89), but not with thermophysiological variables (R2 ≤ 0.3). Conclusion: As previously reported in exercise heat stress, in this field study Tc rose with exercise duration, whereas Tsk showed a decline. The latter contradicts the commonly recorded rise and plateau in laboratory studies at similar ambient temperatures, but without realistic air movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Aylwin
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - George Havenith
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Cardinale
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, United Kingdoom
| | - Alexander Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughbrough, United Kingdom
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Human Performance Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Emilio Adami
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bouscaren
- Inserm CIC1410, CHU Réunion, La Réunion, France
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Christopher Esh
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Josu Gomez-Ezeiza
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frederic Garrandes
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Mariem Labidi
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gűnter Lange
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sébastien Moussay
- Normandie Université, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Khouloud Mtibaa
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nathan Townsend
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew Wilson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, United Kingdoom
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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47
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Saunders B, da Costa LR, de Souza RAS, Barreto G, Marticorena FM. Caffeine and sport. Adv Food Nutr Res 2023; 106:95-127. [PMID: 37722778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine found in coffee and several other foods and beverages. Its stimulatory effects make it an interesting strategy to boost performance for athletic populations. Scientific evidence supports its efficacy to improve high-intensity endurance exercise, explosive and high-intensity efforts, resistance exercise, team sports and combat sports, though individual variation in the ergogenic response to caffeine exists. Supplementation can be taken in many forms including dissolved in water, via capsules, coffee, energy drinks and caffeinated gum; ingestion via capsules, dissolved in water or in caffeinated gum appear to be most effective. Variability in the exercise response following caffeine supplementation may be explained by genetic factors or habitual caffeine consumption. Caffeine is an excellent supplement for athletes looking to improve their exercise performance, though some consideration of side-effects and impact on sleep are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Registro da Costa
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Silva de Souza
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barreto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Miguel Marticorena
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kamaruddin HK, Farah NMF, Aziz AR, Mündel T, Che Muhamed AM. Carbohydrate mouth rinse is no more effective than placebo on running endurance of dehydrated and heat acclimated athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36920510 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether carbohydrate mouth rinsing would improve endurance running performance of tropical natives in a warm-humid (30 °C and 70% relative humidity) environment. METHOD Twelve endurance male runners [age 25 ± 3 years; peak aerobic capacity ([Formula: see text]O2peak) 57.6 ± 3.6 mL.kg-1.min-1] completed three time-to-exhaustion (TTE) trials at ~ 70% [Formula: see text]O2peak while swilling 25 ml of a 6% carbohydrate (CHO) or taste-matched placebo (PLA) as well as no mouth rinse performed in the control (CON) trial. RESULTS TTE performance was significantly longer in both CHO and PLA trials when compared with the CON trial (54.7 ± 5.4 and 53.6 ± 5.1 vs. 48.4 ± 3.6 min, respectively; p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively), but was not significantly different between CHO and PLA trials (p = 1.000). The rating of perceived exertion was not different between the CHO and PLA trials, however, was significantly affected when compared to the CON trial (p < 0.001). A similar effect was observed for perceived arousal level between the CHO and PLA trials to the CON trial. Core temperature, mean skin temperature and skin blood flow were not significantly different between the three trials (all p > 0.05). Similarly, plasma lactate and glucose as well as exercise heart rate were not influenced by the trials. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that mouth rinsing, whether carbohydrate or placebo, provides an ergogenic benefit to running endurance when compared to CON in a heat stress environment. Nevertheless, the results do not support the notion that rinsing a carbohydrate solution provides a greater advantage as previously described among non-heat acclimated individuals within a temperate condition.
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49
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Brake MT, Stolwijk N, Staal B, Van Hooren B. Using beat frequency in music to adjust running cadence in recreational runners: A randomized multiple baseline design. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:345-354. [PMID: 35176971 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2042398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Running with music has been shown to acutely change cadence. However, it is unclear if the increased cadence remains long-term when running without music in an in-field situation. The aim of this 12-week study was to investigate the effect of a 4-week music running program on cadence, speed and heartrate during and after the music running program. Seven recreational runners with a cadence of <170 steps per minute were randomly assigned to a baseline and post-intervention period of different durations. During the intervention phase, the participants ran with a musical beat that was 7.5-10% higher than their mean cadence at the start of the study. Cadence, heartrate and running speed were measured twice a week during a 5-kilometer run with a watch, and were analyzed using randomization tests and visual data inspection. Two participants dropped-out due to shortage of time (n = 1) and an acute calf injury (n = 1). Cadence significantly increased during the intervention period (+8.5%), and remained elevated during the post-intervention period (+7.9% (p = .001)) in comparison with the baseline period. Heartrate and running speed did not significantly change during any period. This study among five participants shows that four weeks of running with a musical beat that is 7.5-10% higher than the preferred cadence may be an effective and feasible intervention to increase running cadence. Importantly, the increased cadence occurred without simultaneous increases in running speed and heartrate, hereby potentially reducing mechanical loading without increasing metabolic load.HighlightsRunning with a musical rhythm that is higher than the preferred cadence leads to an increased running cadence, without increasing heartrate and running speed.This cadence remains elevated for at least three to five weeks after the music intervention period.All individuals showed a practically relevant increase in cadence during and after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niki Stolwijk
- Research Group Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Nijmegen, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staal
- Research Group Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Nijmegen, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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50
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Thuany M, Vieira D, de Paula H, Nikolaidis PT, Scheer V, Weiss K, Cuk I, Knechtle B, Gomes TN. The Relative Importance of Training and Social Support for Runners' Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 36821018 PMCID: PMC9950308 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running participation/performance is a complex system. Understanding the variables associated with these behaviors may help to increase population physical activity and improve performance. This study aimed to investigate social and training variables important for running performance using a network approach. METHODS This cross-sectional study sampled 1151 non-professional Brazilian runners of both sexes (women, 38.2%; men, 61.7%). A questionnaire was available for eligible participants using an online platform, and information regarding training (volume and running pace) and social variables (participation in a running event, participation in a running group, influence on running, runners in the family, and childhood sport) related to runners' performance was obtained. The Chi-square test and network model were estimated by sex. RESULTS Training characteristics tend to be clustered. For both sexes, the training volume node presented the highest expected influence in the network (1.69 for women and 2.16 for men). Centrality indicators of social variables show that sports childhood participation and the presence of runners in the family were the most important nodes of network connection for women and men, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, it was concluded that sports participation during childhood and the practice of running by other family members were important factors to connect variables in the network. These findings have practical applications for health policymakers, highlighting the need to develop educational programs to increase sports participation during childhood and within families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Douglas Vieira
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Henrique de Paula
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
- grid.499377.70000 0004 7222 9074School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Volker Scheer
- Ultra Sports Science Foundation, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Katja Weiss
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Cuk
- grid.445150.10000 0004 0466 4357Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil ,grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland ,grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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