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Hanke M, Looser VN, Bruggisser F, Leuenberger R, Gerber M, Ludyga S. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in preadolescent children. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:487-492. [PMID: 37550097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High reactivity to psychosocial stress during childhood increases the risk of future psychological and physiological disorders. The main objective of this study was to investigate associations between children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and physiological and psychological reactions to acute psychosocial stress. DESIGN Randomized cross-over study comparing two groups. METHODS After a 7-day accelerometer-based measurement of MVPA, 110 children aged 10-13 years (48 female) were categorized into a low (<30 min/d) or a high MVPA group (>60 min/d). On separate laboratory appointments, participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a non-stressful control task in randomized order. Stress reactivity was assessed from saliva cortisol, heart rate variability and self-reported anxiety. RESULTS In repeated measures analyses of variance, main effects of condition indicated higher stress reactivity in the TSST-C compared to control for cortisol and anxiety, with more pronounced effects in girls compared to boys. Differences in heart rate variability disappeared after controlling for confounding variables. No interactions with MVPA were found. A main effect of MVPA indicated generally lower cortisol reactivity in the high compared to the low MVPA group. CONCLUSIONS The TSST-C is suitable for induction of psychosocial stress in the laboratory, but sex-specific differences have to be considered. Children who met the WHO recommendations for MVPA exhibited generally lower endocrine reactivity to both laboratory tasks combined, underlining the potential role of regular physical activity in the regulation of the stress response in early developmental stages. Further studies are necessary to ascertain causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hanke
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland.
| | - Vera Nina Looser
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bruggisser
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Leuenberger
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, Switzerland
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Ludyga S, Gerber M, Bruggisser F, Leuenberger R, Brotzmann M, Trescher S, Förster M, Zou L, Herbrecht E, Hanke M. A randomized cross-over trial investigating the neurocognitive effects of acute exercise on face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2023; 16:1630-1639. [PMID: 37353966 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties in face recognition contribute to social-cognitive problems in autistic children. Evidence on behavioral interventions targeting this cognitive domain is limited. In non-autistic individuals, a single exercise session is known to elicit temporary benefits for several cognitive functions. Our study investigates whether acute aerobic exercise influences face recognition in autistic children. In a randomized order, 29 participants completed a 20-min moderately-intense cycling bout on an ergometer and a control condition. Before and after each condition, participants categorized Mooney faces and instruments during a computerized cognitive task. Simultaneously, the N170 component of event-related potentials and pupil size were recorded using electroencephalography and eyetracking, respectively. As indicated by a greater increase of reaction time in the exercise compared to the control condition, the results revealed impaired face recognition following aerobic exercise. This effect was accompanied by a lower decrease of the positive N170 amplitude and a trend towards a greater constriction of the pupil size in the exercise compared to the control condition. Our findings highlight the interplay of the physiological state and face recognition in autistic children. Exercise-induced impairments in this social-cognitive ability may be due to an interference with the learning effect that is typically seen for the structural encoding of faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Leuenberger
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Brotzmann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Liye Zou
- School of Psychology, Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, China
| | | | - Manuel Hanke
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Bruggisser F, Knaier R, Roth R, Wang W, Qian J, Scheer FAJL. Best Time of Day for Strength and Endurance Training to Improve Health and Performance? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37208462 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for physical exercise include information about the frequency, intensity, type, and duration of exercise. However, to date, there are no recommendations on what time of day one should exercise. The aim was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate if the time of day of exercise training in intervention studies influences the degree of improvements in physical performance or health-related outcomes. METHODS The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were that the studies conducted structured endurance and/or strength training with a minimum of two exercise sessions per week for at least 2 weeks and compared exercise training between at least two different times of the day using a randomized crossover or parallel group design. RESULTS From 14,125 screened articles, 26 articles were included in the systematic review of which seven were also included in the meta-analyses. Both the qualitative synthesis and the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis) provide little evidence for or against the hypothesis that training at a specific time of day leads to more improvements in performance-related or health-related outcomes compared to other times. There was some evidence that there is a benefit when training and testing occur at the same time of day, mainly for performance-related outcomes. Overall, the risk of bias in most studies was high. CONCLUSIONS The current state of research provides evidence neither for nor against a specific time of the day being more beneficial, but provides evidence for larger effects when there is congruency between training and testing times. This review provides recommendations to improve the design and execution of future studies on this topic. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021246468).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ludyga S, Mücke M, Leuenberger R, Bruggisser F, Pühse U, Gerber M, Capone-Mori A, Keutler C, Brotzmann M, Weber P. Behavioral and neurocognitive effects of judo training on working memory capacity in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103156. [PMID: 35988343 PMCID: PMC9402389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) face deficits in working memory capacity that often persist into adulthood. In healthy peers, exercise targeting motor skill acquisition benefits visuospatial working memory, but its potential to reduce ADHD-related deficits remains unclear. We investigated the effect of a judo training program targeting motor skills on behavioral and neurocognitive indices of working memory capacity in children with ADHD. METHODS Children with ADHD aged 8 to 12 years (N = 57) were randomly allocated to a judo training group and a wait-list control group. The training program encompassed 120 min of judo per week over three months. Before and after the intervention period, participants completed a bilateral Change Detection task with low and high memory load conditions and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2). The contralateral delay activity (CDA) elicited by the cognitive task was recorded using electroencephalography. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the judo training group showed a higher K-score on the Change Detection task and an increased negativity of the CDA on the high load condition following the intervention, when pretest scores (and confounders) were accounted for. In contrast, no group differences were found for MABC-2 score. CONCLUSION In children with ADHD, judo training may complement the pharmacological treatment by increasing the effectiveness of working memory maintenance processes. On a behavioral level, this improvement is accompanied with an increased capacity to store visuospatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Mücke
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Leuenberger
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bruggisser
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Capone-Mori
- Kantonsspital Aarau, Clinic for Children and Teenagers, Division of Neuropediatrics, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Keutler
- St. Elisabethen Krankenhaus Lörrach, Clinic of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lörrach, Germany
| | - Mark Brotzmann
- University of Basel, University Children's Hospital, Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Weber
- University of Basel, University Children's Hospital, Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
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