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Wee J, Tan XR, Gunther SH, Ihsan M, Leow MKS, Tan DSY, Eriksson JG, Lee JKW. Effects of Medications on Heat Loss Capacity in Chronic Disease Patients: Health Implications Amidst Global Warming. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1140-1166. [PMID: 37328294 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological agents used to treat or manage diseases can modify the level of heat strain experienced by chronically ill and elderly patients via different mechanistic pathways. Human thermoregulation is a crucial homeostatic process that maintains body temperature within a narrow range during heat stress through dry (i.e., increasing skin blood flow) and evaporative (i.e., sweating) heat loss, as well as active inhibition of thermogenesis, which is crucial to avoid overheating. Medications can independently and synergistically interact with aging and chronic disease to alter homeostatic responses to rising body temperature during heat stress. This review focuses on the physiologic changes, with specific emphasis on thermolytic processes, associated with medication use during heat stress. The review begins by providing readers with a background of the global chronic disease burden. Human thermoregulation and aging effects are then summarized to give an understanding of the unique physiologic changes faced by older adults. The effects of common chronic diseases on temperature regulation are outlined in the main sections. Physiologic impacts of common medications used to treat these diseases are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these medications alter thermolysis during heat stress. The review concludes by providing perspectives on the need to understand the effects of medication use in hot environments, as well as a summary table of all clinical considerations and research needs of the medications included in this review. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Long-term medications modulate thermoregulatory function, resulting in excess physiological strain and predisposing patients to adverse health outcomes during prolonged exposures to extreme heat during rest and physical work (e.g., exercise). Understanding the medication-specific mechanisms of altered thermoregulation has importance in both clinical and research settings, paving the way for work toward refining current medication prescription recommendations and formulating mitigation strategies for adverse drug effects in the heat in chronically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jericho Wee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Xiang Ren Tan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Samuel H Gunther
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Doreen Su-Yin Tan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.W., X.R.T., S.H.G., M.I., M.K.S.L., J.G.E., J.K.W.L.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, (D.S.-Y.T), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.K.W.L.), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore (X.R.T.); Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore (S.H.G., J.K.W.L.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (M.K.S.L.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (M.K.S.L., J.G.E.); Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore (J.G.E.)
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Choo HC, Choo DHW, Tan I, Chang J, Chow KM, Lee JKW, Burns SF, Ihsan M. Effect of ice slurry ingestion on thermoregulatory responses during fixed-intensity cycling in humid and dry heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2225-2237. [PMID: 37256293 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the thermoregulatory response and ergogenic effects of ice slurry (ICE) ingestion in hot environments with high and low relative humidity (RH). METHODS Eight males completed four trials in a crossover manner in dry (DRY: 34.7 ± 0.2 °C, 38 ± 2%RH) and humid heat (HUM: 34.8 °C ± 0.2 °C, 80 ± 1%RH). They ingested 8.0 g·kg-1 of ICE (0.0 °C) or 37.5 °C water (CON) during 30 min before exercise, and three aliquots (3.2 g·kg-1) of ICE or CON during 45-min cycling at 50%[Formula: see text]O2peak, followed by cycling to exhaustion at 80%[Formula: see text]O2peak (TTE). Body core temperature (Tcore), mean skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), thermal comfort, thermal sensation and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. RESULTS Relative to CON, ICE improved TTE by 76.5 ± 96.5% in HUM and 21.3 ± 44.9% in DRY (p = 0.044). End-exercise Tcore was lower in ICE versus CON in DRY (37.8 ± 0.4 °C versus 38.1 ± 0.3 °C, p = 0.005) and HUM (38.8 ± 0.4 °C versus 39.3 ± 0.6 °C, p = 0.004). ICE decreased HR, heat storage and heat strain index only in DRY (p < 0.001-0.018). ICE improved thermal sensation and comfort in DRY and HUM (p < 0.001-0.011), attenuated RPE in HUM (p = 0.012) but not in DRY (p = 0.065). CONCLUSION ICE tended to benefit performance in humid heat more than in dry heat. This is likely due to the reduced extent of hyperthermia in dry heat and the relative importance of sensory inputs in mediating exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng Choo
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, 3 Stadium Drive, Singapore, 397630, Singapore.
| | - Darine Hui Wen Choo
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, 3 Stadium Drive, Singapore, 397630, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Tan
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Jared Chang
- Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kin Ming Chow
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, 3 Stadium Drive, Singapore, 397630, Singapore
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Stephen Francis Burns
- Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
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Périard JD, Girard O, Townsend N, Bourdon P, Cocking S, Ihsan M, Lacome M, Nichols D, Travers G, Wilson MG, Piscione J, Racinais S. Hematological Adaptations Following a Training Camp in Hot and/or Hypoxic Conditions in Elite Rugby Union Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1053-1061. [PMID: 37553108 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a training camp with heat and/or hypoxia sessions on hematological and thermoregulatory adaptations. METHODS Fifty-six elite male rugby players completed a 2-week training camp with 5 endurance and 5 repeated-sprint sessions, rugby practice, and resistance training. Players were separated into 4 groups: CAMP trained in temperate conditions at sea level, HEAT performed the endurance sessions in the heat, ALTI slept and performed the repeated sprints at altitude, and H + A was a combination of the heat and altitude groups. RESULTS Blood volume across all groups increased by 140 mL (95%CI, 42-237; P = .006) and plasma volume by 97 mL (95%CI 28-167; P = .007) following the training camp. Plasma volume was 6.3% (0.3% to 12.4%) higher in HEAT than ALTI (P = .034) and slightly higher in HEAT than H + A (5.6% [-0.3% to 11.7%]; P = .076). Changes in hemoglobin mass were not significant (P = .176), despite a ∼1.2% increase in ALTI and H + A and a ∼0.7% decrease in CAMP and HEAT. Peak rectal temperature was lower during a postcamp heat-response test in HEAT (0.3 °C [0.1-0.5]; P = .010) and H + A (0.3 °C [0.1-0.6]; P = .005). Oxygen saturation upon waking was lower in ALTI (3% [2% to 5%]; P < .001) and H + A (4% [3% to 6%]; P < .001) than CAMP and HEAT. CONCLUSION Although blood and plasma volume increased following the camp, sleeping at altitude impeded the increase when training in the heat and only marginally increased hemoglobin mass. Heat training induced adaptations commensurate with partial heat acclimation; however, combining heat training and altitude training and confinement during a training camp did not confer concomitant hematological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT,Australia
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Olivier Girard
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA,Australia
| | - Nathan Townsend
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha,Qatar
| | - Pitre Bourdon
- Department of Sport Science, ASPIRE, Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha,Qatar
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA,Australia
| | - Scott Cocking
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Department of Sport Science, ASPIRE, Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha,Qatar
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Mathieu Lacome
- Department of Research, Sport Laboratory, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sports (INSEP), Paris,France
- Department of Performance and Analytics, Parma Calcio, Parma,Italy
| | - David Nichols
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Gavin Travers
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Center, Köln,Germany
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Julien Piscione
- Department of Research, Sport Laboratory, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sports (INSEP), Paris,France
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Department of Research, Sport Laboratory, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sports (INSEP), Paris,France
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Li SN, Ihsan M, Shaykevich A, Girard O. Exercise responses to heart rate clamped cycling with graded blood flow restriction. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:434-439. [PMID: 37394395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the acute effects of graded blood flow restriction on the interaction between changes in mechanical output, muscle oxygenation trends and perceptual responses to heart rate clamped cycling. DESIGN Repeated measures. METHODS Twenty-five adults (21 men) performed six, 6-min cycling bouts (24 min of recovery) at a clamped heart rate corresponding to their first ventilatory threshold at 0 % (unrestricted), 15 %, 30 %, 45 %, 60 % and 75 % of arterial occlusion pressure with the cuffs inflated bilaterally from the fourth to the sixth minute. Power output, arterial oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry) and vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) were monitored during the final 3 min of pedalling, whilst perceptual responses (modified Borg CR10 scales) were obtained immediately after exercise. RESULTS Compared to unrestricted cycling, average power output for minutes 4-6 decreased exponentially for cuff pressures ranging 45-75 % of arterial occlusion pressure (P < 0.001). Peripheral oxygen saturation averaged ∼96 % across all cuff pressures (P = 0.318). Deoxyhemoglobin changes were larger at 45-75 % versus 0 % of arterial occlusion pressure (P < 0.05), whereas higher total haemoglobin values occurred at 60-75 % of arterial occlusion pressure (P < 0.05). Sense of effort, ratings of perceived exertion, pain from cuff pressure, and limb discomfort were exaggerated at 60-75 % versus 0 % of arterial occlusion pressure (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Blood flow restriction of at least 45 % of arterial occlusion pressure is required to reduce mechanical output during heart rate clamped cycling at the first ventilatory threshold. Whilst power decreases non-linearly above this pressure threshold, higher occlusion levels ranging 60-75 % of arterial occlusion pressure also accentuate muscle deoxygenation and exercise-related sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Nam Li
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Alex Shaykevich
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia.
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Ihsan M, Labidi M, Racinais S. Skeletal muscle oxidative adaptations following localized heat therapy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1629-1635. [PMID: 36952087 PMCID: PMC10363048 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated heat treatment has been shown to induce oxidative adaptations in cell cultures and rodents, but similar work within human models is scarce. This study investigated the effects of 6 weeks of localized heat therapy on near-infrared spectroscopy-(NIRS) derived indices of muscle oxidative and microvascular function. Twelve physically active participants (8 males and 4 females, age: 34.9 ± 5.9 years, stature: 175 ± 7 cm, body mass: 76.7 ± 13.3 kg) undertook a 6-week intervention, where adhesive heat pads were applied for 8 h/day, 5 days/week, on one calf of each participant, while the contralateral leg acted as control. Prior to and following the intervention, the microvascular function was assessed using NIRS-based methods, where 5 min of popliteal artery occlusion was applied, and the reperfusion (i.e., re-saturation rate, re-saturation amplitude, and hyperemic response) was monitored for 2 min upon release. Participants also performed a 1-min isometric contraction of the plantar flexors (30% maximal voluntary contraction), following which a further 2 min interval was undertaken for the assessment of recovery kinetics. A 20-min time interval was allowed before the assessment protocol was repeated on the contralateral leg. Repeated localized heating of the gastrocnemius did not influence any of the NIRS-derive indices of microvascular or oxidative function (p > 0.05) following 6 weeks of treatment. Our findings indicate that localized heating via the use of adhesive heat pads may not be a potent stimulus for muscle adaptations in physically active humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mariem Labidi
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Education Department, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, CETAPS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Aylwin P, Havenith G, Cardinale M, Lloyd A, Ihsan M, Taylor L, Adami PE, Alhammoud M, Alonso JM, Bouscaren N, Buitrago S, Esh C, Gomez-Ezeiza J, Garrandes F, Labidi M, Lange G, Moussay S, Mtibaa K, Townsend N, Wilson M, Bermon S, Racinais S. Thermoregulatory responses during road races in hot-humid conditions at the 2019 Athletics World Championships. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1300-1311. [PMID: 37022963 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00348.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To characterise thermoregulatory and performance responses of elite road-race athletes, while competing in hot, humid, night-time conditions during the 2019 IAAF World Athletic Championships. Method: Male and female athletes, competing in the 20 km racewalk (n=20 males, 24 females), 50 km racewalk (n=19 males, 8 females) and marathon (n=15 males, 22 females) participated. Exposed mean skin (Tsk) and continuous core body (Tc) temperature were recorded with infrared thermography and ingestible telemetry pill, respectively. Results: The range of ambient conditions (recorded roadside) were 29.3-32.7°C air temperature, 46-81 % relative humidity, 0.1-1.7 m∙s-1 air velocity and 23.5-30.6°C wet bulb globe temperature. Tc increased by 1.5 ± 0.1°C but mean Tsk decreased by 1.5 ± 0.4°C over the duration of the races. Tsk and Tc changed most rapidly at the start of the races and then plateaued, with Tc showing a rapid increase again at the end, in a pattern mirroring pacing. Performance times were between 3 to 20 % (mean = 113 ± 6%) longer during the championships compared to the personal best (PB) of athletes. Overall mean performance relative to PB was correlated with the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) of each race (R2 = 0.89), but not with thermophysiological variables (R2 ≤ 0.3). Conclusion: As previously reported in exercise heat stress, in this field study Tc rose with exercise duration, whereas Tsk showed a decline. The latter contradicts the commonly recorded rise and plateau in laboratory studies at similar ambient temperatures, but without realistic air movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Aylwin
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - George Havenith
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Cardinale
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, United Kingdoom
| | - Alexander Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughbrough, United Kingdom
- University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Human Performance Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Emilio Adami
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bouscaren
- Inserm CIC1410, CHU Réunion, La Réunion, France
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Christopher Esh
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Josu Gomez-Ezeiza
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frederic Garrandes
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Mariem Labidi
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gűnter Lange
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sébastien Moussay
- Normandie Université, Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Khouloud Mtibaa
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nathan Townsend
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew Wilson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, United Kingdoom
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- World Athletics, Health and Science Department, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
- LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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7
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Choo HC, Lee M, Yeo V, Poon W, Ihsan M. The effect of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance revisited: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2023; 40:2608-2638. [PMID: 36862831 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2178872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This review evaluated the effect of CWI on the temporal recovery profile of physical performance, accounting for environmental conditions and prior exercise modality. Sixty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Standardised mean differences were calculated for parameters assessed at <1, 1-6, 24, 48, 72 and ≥96 h post-immersion. CWI improved short-term recovery of endurance performance (p = 0.01, 1 h), but impaired sprint (p = 0.03, 1 h) and jump performance (p = 0.04, 6h). CWI improved longer-term recovery of jump performance (p < 0.01-0.02, 24 h and 96 h) and strength (p < 0.01, 24 h), which coincided with decreased creatine kinase (p < 0.01-0.04, 24-72 h), improved muscle soreness (p < 0.01-0.02, 1-72 h) and perceived recovery (p < 0.01, 72 h). CWI improved the recovery of endurance performance following exercise in warm (p < 0.01) and but not in temperate conditions (p = 0.06). CWI improved strength recovery following endurance exercise performed at cool-to-temperate conditions (p = 0.04) and enhanced recovery of sprint performance following resistance exercise (p = 0.04). CWI seems to benefit the acute recovery of endurance performance, and longer-term recovery of muscle strength and power, coinciding with changes in muscle damage markers. This, however, depends on the nature of the preceding exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng Choo
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | - Marcus Lee
- Sports Science, National Youth Sports Institute, Singapore
| | - Vincent Yeo
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | - Wayne Poon
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Ihsan M, Abbiss CR, Allan R. Editorial: The Use of Post-exercise Cooling as a Recovery Strategy: Unraveling the Controversies. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:825016. [PMID: 35280223 PMCID: PMC8907998 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.825016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Ihsan
| | - Chris R. Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Allan
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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9
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Racinais S, Havenith G, Aylwin P, Ihsan M, Taylor L, Adami PE, Adamuz MC, Alhammoud M, Alonso JM, Bouscaren N, Buitrago S, Cardinale M, van Dyk N, Esh CJ, Gomez-Ezeiza J, Garrandes F, Holtzhausen L, Labidi M, Lange G, Lloyd A, Moussay S, Mtibaa K, Townsend N, Wilson MG, Bermon S. Association between thermal responses, medical events, performance, heat acclimation and health status in male and female elite athletes during the 2019 Doha World Athletics Championships. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:439-445. [PMID: 35165084 PMCID: PMC8995810 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine associations between thermal responses, medical events, performance, heat acclimation and health status during a World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions. Methods From 305 marathon and race-walk starters, 83 completed a preparticipation questionnaire on health and acclimation. Core (Tcore; ingestible pill) and skin (Tskin; thermal camera) temperatures were measured in-competition in 56 and 107 athletes, respectively. 70 in-race medical events were analysed retrospectively. Performance (% personal best) and did not finish (DNF) were extracted from official results. Results Peak Tcore during competition reached 39.6°C±0.6°C (maximum 41.1°C). Tskin decreased from 32.2°C±1.3°C to 31.0°C±1.4°C during the races (p<0.001). Tcore was not related to DNF (25% of starters) or medical events (p≥0.150), whereas Tskin, Tskin rate of decrease and Tcore-to-Tskin gradient were (p≤0.029). A third of the athletes reported symptoms in the 10 days preceding the event, mainly insomnia, diarrhoea and stomach pain, with diarrhoea (9% of athletes) increasing the risk of in-race medical events (71% vs 17%, p<0.001). Athletes (63%) who performed 5–30 days heat acclimation before the competition: ranked better (18±13 vs 28±13, p=0.009), displayed a lower peak Tcore (39.4°C±0.4°C vs 39.8°C±0.7°C, p=0.044) and larger in-race decrease in Tskin (−1.4°C±1.0°C vs −0.9°C±1.2°C, p=0.060), than non-acclimated athletes. Although not significant, they also showed lower DNF (19% vs 30%, p=0.273) and medical events (19% vs 32%, p=0.179). Conclusion Tskin, Tskin rate of decrease and Tcore-to-Tskin gradient were important indicators of heat tolerance. While heat-acclimated athletes ranked better, recent diarrhoea represented a significant risk factor for DNF and in-race medical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Racinais
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - George Havenith
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - Polly Aylwin
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.,Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paolo Emilio Adami
- Health and Science, World Athletics, Monaco.,LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Maria-Carmen Adamuz
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marine Alhammoud
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Juan Manuel Alonso
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicolas Bouscaren
- Inserm CIC1410, CHU Reunion, La Réunion, Réunion.,Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Marco Cardinale
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.,Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.,High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris J Esh
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.,School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, UK
| | - Josu Gomez-Ezeiza
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frederic Garrandes
- Health and Science, World Athletics, Monaco.,LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Louis Holtzhausen
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.,Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mariem Labidi
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Alexander Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - Sebastien Moussay
- Unicaen, Inserm, Comete, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Universite, Caen, France
| | - Khouloud Mtibaa
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nathan Townsend
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.,Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephane Bermon
- Health and Science, World Athletics, Monaco.,LAMHESS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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10
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Al-Horani RA, Alsays KM, Ihsan M. Influence of cupping treatment on high-intensity anaerobic performance. KINESIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26582/k.54.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cupping therapy prior to sports events has increased in popularity, with limited evidence to support its efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dry and wet cupping therapy on subsequent Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) performance. Twelve trained men participated in this repeated-measures randomized crossover study (age 24.9 ± 4.8 years; body mass index 27.6 ± 14.3 kg.m-2). Participants were familiarized with the ergometer and the Wingate anaerobic test on three separate occasions. They then randomly performed three experimental Wingate tests separated by 48-72 h after either dry cupping (DRY), wet cupping (WET), or no treatment (CON). Repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to analyze data and determine the relationships between WAnT and peak lactate and heart rate (HR). Peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and fatigue index (FI) were similar in all treatments (p=.47-.72). Heart rate (HR) and lactate increased similarly at all time points in all treatments (p<.001 for all comparisons). Post-WAnT peak HR was moderately, negatively correlated with PP in all treatments and MP in CON only (p<.05 for all correlations). No other significant correlations were detected. The present findings demonstrate no beneficial effects of wet and dry cupping therapy, and hence do not support its use prior to high-intensity anaerobic sports events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled M. Alsays
- Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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11
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Sabapathy M, Tan F, Al Hussein S, Jaafar H, Brocherie F, Racinais S, Ihsan M. Effect of heat pre-conditioning on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage. Curr Res Physiol 2021; 4:155-162. [PMID: 34746835 PMCID: PMC8562196 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of heat pre-conditioning on the recovery of muscle torque, microvascular function, movement economy and stride mechanics following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Twenty male participants were equally assigned to a control (CON) and an experimental group (HEAT), and performed a 30-min downhill run (DHR) to elicit EIMD. HEAT group received three consecutive days of heat exposure (45.1 ± 3.2 min of hot water immersion at 42 °C) prior to DHR. Microvascular function (near-infrared spectroscopy), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque of the knee extensors, as well as two treadmill-based steady-state runs performed below (SSR-1) and above (SSR-2) the first ventilatory threshold were assessed prior to DHR and repeated for four consecutive days post-DHR (D1-POST to D4-POST). The decline in MVC torque following EIMD was attenuated in HEAT compared with CON at D1-POST (p = 0.037), D3-POST (p = 0.002) and D4-POST (p = 0.022). Muscle soreness increased in both CON and HEAT, but was significantly attenuated in HEAT compared with CON at D2-POST (p = 0.024) and D3-POST (p = 0.013). Microvascular function decreased in CON from D1-POST to D3-POST (p = 0.009 to 0.018), and was lower compared with HEAT throughout D1-POST to D3-POST (p = 0.003 to 0.017). Pre-heat treatment decreased the magnitude of strength loss and muscle soreness, as well as attenuated the decline in microvascular function following EIMD. Heat treatment appears a promising pre-conditioning strategy when embarking on intensified training periods or competition. Three days of heat pre-conditioning decreases the extent of strength loss, soreness and microvascular function after EIMD. Pre heat treatment might be a promising preconditioning tool prior to intensified training periods or competition. Heat tretament may positively impact activities of daily living, training quality and adherence to training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Sabapathy
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Frankie Tan
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shadiq Al Hussein
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haiyum Jaafar
- Football Science and Medicine, Football Association of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Republic of Singapore
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Corresponding author. Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore. 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore.
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12
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Allan R, Akin B, Sinclair J, Hurst H, Alexander J, Malone JJ, Naylor A, Mawhinney C, Gregson W, Ihsan M. Athlete, coach and practitioner knowledge and perceptions of post-exercise cold-water immersion for recovery: a qualitative and quantitative exploration. Sport Sci Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis survey sought to establish current use, knowledge and perceptions of cold-water immersion (CWI) when used for recovery. 111 athletes, coaches and support practitioners completed the anonymous online survey, answering questions about their current CWI protocols, perceptions of benefits associated with CWI and knowledge of controlling mechanisms. Respondents were largely involved in elite sport at international, national and club level, with many having used CWI previously (86%) and finding its use beneficial for recovery (78%). Protocols differed, with the duration of immersion one aspect that failed to align with recommendations in the scientific literature. Whilst many respondents were aware of benefits associated with CWI, there remains some confusion. There also seems to be a gap in mechanistic knowledge, where respondents are aware of benefits associated with CWI, but failed to identify the underlying mechanisms. This identifies the need for an improved method of knowledge transfer between scientific and applied practice communities. Moreover, data herein emphasises the important role of the ‘support practitioner’ as respondents in this role tended to favour CWI protocols more aligned to recommendations within the literature. With a significant number of respondents claiming they were made aware of CWI for recovery through a colleague (43%), the importance of knowledge transfer and context being appropriately applied to data is as important as ever. With the firm belief that CWI is useful for recovery in sport, the focus should now be on investigating the psychophysiological interaction and correct use of this methodology.
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13
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Chua MT, Chow KM, Lum D, Tay AWH, Goh WX, Ihsan M, Aziz AR. Effectiveness of On-Court Resistive Warm-Ups on Change of Direction Speed and Smash Velocity during a Simulated Badminton Match Play in Well-Trained Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6040081. [PMID: 34698234 PMCID: PMC8544594 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In badminton, power production can be enhanced through the fundamental practice of a dynamic warm-up with resistance conditioning activity to induce a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effect. The use of heavy resistance exercise in the form of heavy weights to induce PAPE during competition is not logistically practical in the badminton arena. Thus, there is a need to investigate the use of easily available alternative preconditioning stimuli to induce a similar potentiating effect in badminton-specific performance. This study adopted a repeated-measures design of three warm-up conditions: control (CON), weighted wearable resistance (WWR), and resistance band variable resistance (BVR). Fourteen badminton players from the national training squad (11 males, 3 females, age 18 ± 1 y) completed the experimental sessions in random order. Change of direction speed (CODS) and smash velocity (SV) tests were performed at five timepoints-baseline test after the warm-up and at the end of each of the four exercise blocks of a simulated match play protocol. CODS was significantly faster under the two resistance warm-up conditions (WWR and BVR) compared to the CON condition at baseline (-0.2 s ± 0.39 and -0.2 s ± 0.46, p = 0.001 and 0.03, g = 0.47 and 0.40, respectively), but there were no differences at the other timepoints (all p > 0.05). SV was significantly faster for all the four exercise blocks than at baseline under all three warm-up conditions (p = 0.02), but there were no differences in SV between the three warm-up conditions across all the five measured timepoints (p = 0.15). In conclusion, implementing resistance (~10% body weight) in sport-specific plyometric exercises using WWR or BVR during warm-up routines may induce PAPE effects on the change of direction speed but not smash velocity, in well-trained badminton players, as compared with the same warm-up exercises using bodyweight (i.e., CON condition). The positive effects of CODS were, however, observed only at the start of the match and possibly lasted for up to between 5 and 10 min of match play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Tong Chua
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kin Ming Chow
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Danny Lum
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Andrew Wei Han Tay
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Wan Xiu Goh
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (K.M.C.); (D.L.); (A.W.H.T.); (W.X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-9863-7282
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14
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Ihsan M, Abbiss CR, Allan R. Adaptations to Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion: Friend, Foe, or Futile? Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:714148. [PMID: 34337408 PMCID: PMC8322530 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.714148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the recent focus has been on how CWI might influence adaptations to exercise. This line of enquiry stems from classical work demonstrating improved endurance and mitochondrial development in rodents exposed to repeated cold exposures. Moreover, there was strong rationale that CWI might enhance adaptations to exercise, given the discovery, and central role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in both cold- and exercise-induced oxidative adaptations. Research on adaptations to post-exercise CWI have generally indicated a mode-dependant effect, where resistance training adaptations were diminished, whilst aerobic exercise performance seems unaffected but demonstrates premise for enhancement. However, the general suitability of CWI as a recovery modality has been the focus of considerable debate, primarily given the dampening effect on hypertrophy gains. In this mini-review, we highlight the key mechanisms surrounding CWI and endurance exercise adaptations, reiterating the potential for CWI to enhance endurance performance, with support from classical and contemporary works. This review also discusses the implications and insights (with regards to endurance and strength adaptations) gathered from recent studies examining the longer-term effects of CWI on training performance and recovery. Lastly, a periodized approach to recovery is proposed, where the use of CWI may be incorporated during competition or intensified training, whilst strategically avoiding periods following training focused on improving muscle strength or hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Allan
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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15
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Al-Horani RA, Mohammad MA, Haifawi S, Ihsan M. Changes in myocardial myosin heavy chain isoform composition with exercise and post-exercise cold-water immersion. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2021; 42:183-191. [PMID: 33826086 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-021-09603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in myocardial myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, MHC-α and MHC-β composition in young healthy rodents following endurance training, with and without post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI). Male rats were either trained on a treadmill for 10 weeks with (CWI) or without (Ex) regular CWI after each running session, or left sedentary (CON). Left ventricular mRNA of MHC-α, MHC-β, thyroid receptor α1 (TR-α1) and β (TR-β) were analyzed using rt-PCR and semiquantitative PCR analysis. MHC isoform protein composition was determined using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. MHC-α isoform protein was predominant in all groups. The relative expression of MHC-β (%MHC-β) protein was not different between groups (CWI 34.7 ± 6.9%; Ex 32 ± 5.3%; CON 35.5 ± 10%; P = 0.7). MHC-β mRNA was reduced in Ex (0.7 ± 0.3-fold) compared to CWI (1.3 ± 0.2-fold; P < 0.001) and CON (1.01 ± 0.2-fold; P = 0.03). TRα1 mRNA was lower in CWI (0.4 ± 0.05-fold) than Ex (1.02 ± 0.3-fold) and CON (1.01 ± 0.2-fold) (P < 0.001 for both). CWI exhibited greater %MHC-β mRNA (56.8 ± 4.1%) than Ex (44.4 ± 7.7%; P = 0.001) and CON (48.5 ± 7.8%; P = 0.03). Neither exercise nor post-exercise CWI demonstrated a distinct effect on myocardial MHC protein isoform composition. However, CWI increased the relative expression of MHC-β mRNA compared with Ex and CON. Although this implicates a potential negative long-term impact of post-exercise CWI, future studies should include measures of cardiac function to better understand the effect of such isoform mRNA shifts following regular use of CWI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukhallad A Mohammad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saja Haifawi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Racinais S, Ihsan M, Taylor L, Cardinale M, Adami PE, Alonso JM, Bouscaren N, Buitrago S, Esh CJ, Gomez-Ezeiza J, Garrandes F, Havenith G, Labidi M, Lange G, Lloyd A, Moussay S, Mtibaa K, Townsend N, Wilson MG, Bermon S. Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1335-1341. [PMID: 33579722 PMCID: PMC8606454 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To characterise hydration, cooling, body mass loss, and core (Tcore) and skin (Tsk) temperatures during World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions. Methods Marathon and race-walk (20 km and 50 km) athletes (n=83, 36 women) completed a pre-race questionnaire. Pre-race and post-race body weight (n=74), Tcore (n=56) and Tsk (n=49; thermography) were measured. Results Most athletes (93%) had a pre-planned drinking strategy (electrolytes (83%), carbohydrates (81%)) while ice slurry was less common (11%; p<0.001). More men than women relied on electrolytes and carbohydrates (91%–93% vs 67%–72%, p≤0.029). Drinking strategies were based on personal experience (91%) rather than external sources (p<0.001). Most athletes (80%) planned pre-cooling (ice vests (53%), cold towels (45%), neck collars (21%) and ice slurry (21%)) and/or mid-cooling (93%; head/face dousing (65%) and cold water ingestion (52%)). Menthol usage was negligible (1%–2%). Pre-race Tcore was lower in athletes using ice vests (37.5°C±0.4°C vs 37.8°C±0.3°C, p=0.024). Tcore (pre-race 37.7°C±0.3°C, post-race 39.6°C±0.6°C) was independent of event, ranking or performance (p≥0.225). Pre-race Tsk was correlated with faster race completion (r=0.32, p=0.046) and was higher in non-finishers (did not finish (DNF); 33.8°C±0.9°C vs 32.6°C±1.4°C, p=0.017). Body mass loss was higher in men than women (−2.8±1.5% vs −1.3±1.6%, p<0.001), although not associated with performance. Conclusion Most athletes’ hydration strategies were pre-planned based on personal experience. Ice vests were the most adopted pre-cooling strategy and the only one minimising Tcore, suggesting that event organisers should be cognisant of logistics (ie, freezers). Dehydration was moderate and unrelated to performance. Pre-race Tsk was related to performance and DNF, suggesting that Tsk modulation should be incorporated into pre-race strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Racinais
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marco Cardinale
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Juan Manuel Alonso
- Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | | | | | - Chris J Esh
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Josu Gomez-Ezeiza
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | - George Havenith
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - Mariem Labidi
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Gunter Lange
- Health and Science Department, World Athletics, Monaco
| | - Alexander Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - Sebastien Moussay
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Caen, Normandie, France
| | - Khouloud Mtibaa
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nathan Townsend
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health (ISEH), University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephane Bermon
- Health and Science Department, World Athletics, Monaco
- Human Motricity Laboratory Expertise Sport Health, Cote d'Azur University, Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azu, France
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Ihsan M, Yeo V, Tan F, Joseph R, Lee M, Aziz AR. Running Demands and Activity Profile of the New Four-Quarter Match Format in Men's Field Hockey. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:512-518. [PMID: 29952873 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ihsan, M, Yeo, V, Tan, F, Joseph, R, Lee, M, and Aziz, AR. Running demands and activity profile of the new four-quarter match format in men's field hockey. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 512-518, 2021-This study determined the running demands of men's field hockey with regards to the revised four-quarter match format. Twenty-eight male field hockey players were equipped with global positioning system units while competing in 14 competitive international games over a 1-year period. All matches allowed for unlimited substitutions, and consisted of four 15-minute quarters (i.e., Q1-Q4). A progressive decline in total distance (TD) was observed in Q2 (2,072 ± 141 m) to Q4 (2,055 ± 212 m) compared with Q1 (2,171 ± 195 m, p < 0.05). However, the decline in TD was due to decreases in low-intensity activity (<15 km·h-1, p < 0.05), as high-intensity running (HIR; >15 km·h-1) distances were similar throughout Q1-Q4 (p = 0.263). Positional data demonstrated a similar profile, where significant decreases in TD, but not in HIR, was observed across all playing positions at some point over the 4 quarters (p < 0.05). DEF accumulated the lowest amount of TD (7,631 ± 753 m), HIR (2,257 ± 498 m), and high-intensity decelerations (60 ± 9, >-2m·s-2) compared with MID and FWD (p < 0.05). By contrast, FWD performed the highest amount of HIR (3,090 ± 565 m) and high-intensity accelerations (110 ± 9, >2 m·s-2) compared with MID and DEF (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that although there was a progressive decline in TD over the 4 quarters of match play, high-intensity running performance (i.e., HIR and high-intensity acceleration) was maintained throughout the match regardless of playing position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Center, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Frankie Tan
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Center, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ranald Joseph
- Strength & Conditioning, Sport Science and Medicine Center, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore ; and
| | - Marcus Lee
- Sports Physiology Department, National Youth Sports Institute, Singapore
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Physiology Department, Sport Science and Medicine Center, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore
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Soo J, Girard O, Ihsan M, Fairchild T. The Use of the SpO 2 to FiO 2 Ratio to Individualize the Hypoxic Dose in Sport Science, Exercise, and Health Settings. Front Physiol 2020; 11:570472. [PMID: 33329021 PMCID: PMC7714921 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Soo
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences, Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Human Potential and Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Fairchild
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Labidi M, Ihsan M, Behan FP, Alhammoud M, Smith T, Mohamed M, Tourny C, Racinais S. Six weeks of localized heat therapy does not affect muscle mass, strength and contractile properties in healthy active humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:573-582. [PMID: 33159573 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Animal and human studies have shown that repeated heating may induce skeletal muscle adaptations, increasing muscle strength. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of localized heating on skeletal muscle strength, volume and contractile properties in healthy humans. METHODS Fifteen active participants (8 males/7 females, 35 ± 6 years, 70 ± 14 kg, 173 ± 7 cm, average training of 87 min per week) were subjected to 6 weeks of single-leg heat therapy. Heat pads were applied for 8 h/day, 5 days/week, on one randomly selected calf of each participant, while the contralateral leg acted as control. The heat pads increased muscle temperature by 4.6 ± 1.2 °C (p < 0.001). Every 2 weeks, participants were tested for morphological (MRI), architectural (ultrasound), contractile (electrically evoked twitch), and force (isometric and isokinetic) adaptations. RESULTS Repeated localized heating did not affect the cross-sectional area (p = 0.873) or pennation angle (p = 0.345) of the gastrocnemius muscles; did not change the evoked peak twitch amplitude (p = 0.574) or rate of torque development (p = 0.770) of the plantar flexors; and did not change maximal voluntary isometric (p = 0.214) or isokinetic (p = 0.973) plantar flexor torque. CONCLUSION Whereas previous studies have observed improved skeletal muscle function following whole-body and localized heating in active and immobilized humans, respectively, the current data suggested that localized heating may not be a potent stimulus for muscle adaptations in active humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Labidi
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, CETAPS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
- Human Potential and Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fearghal P Behan
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marine Alhammoud
- Surgery Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tessa Smith
- Radiology Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Radiology Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Claire Tourny
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, CETAPS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sébastien Racinais
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar.
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Ihsan M, Deldicque L, Molphy J, Britto F, Cherif A, Racinais S. Skeletal Muscle Signaling Following Whole-Body and Localized Heat Exposure in Humans. Front Physiol 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 32765299 PMCID: PMC7381176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified the changes in hypertrophy/atrophy and mitochondrial-related signaling in human skeletal muscle following whole-body (WB) and localized single leg (SL) heat treatment. Nine active male participants were administered either 60 min of passive WB (44–50°C, 50% humidity) or SL (water-perfused suit at 49.5 ± 1.4°C) heat treatment at least 1 week apart in a counterbalanced order. The untreated leg during SL was considered as control (CON). Core, skin, and quadriceps muscle temperature were monitored throughout the experimental trials. Muscle microbiopsy samples were obtained prior to (PRE), and 30 min and 3 h post (POST) following heat treatment. Muscle temperature increased with time (p < 0.0001) in both WB and SL, with no differences between conditions (38.8 ± 0.5°C vs. 38.1 ± 0.6°C, p = 0.065). Core temperature increased only following WB, and was significantly higher compared with SL (39.1 ± 0.3°C vs. 37.1 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001). Compared with PRE, WB up-regulated the phosphorylation status of the majority of the Akt/mTOR pathway (Akt, mTOR, S6K1, rpS6, and p-eIF4E; p ≤ 0.050), with the exception of 4EBP1 (p = 0.139). WB also increased the mRNA of HSPs 72, 90, and 25 (all p < 0.021), and increased or tended to increase the phosphorylation of FOXO1 (p = 0.066) and FOXO3a (p = 0.038). In addition, most (NRF1, NRF2, COX2, and COX4-I2; all p ≤ 0.050), but not all (CS, Cyt c, and COX4-I1; p > 0.441) mRNA content indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis were increased following WB, with no changes evident in these parameters in SL or CON (all p > 0.090). These results indicate that 1 h of WB heat treatment enhanced anabolic (Akt/mTOR), mitochondrial, and cyto-protective signaling (HSP), with a concomitant possible inhibition of FOXO transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - John Molphy
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Florian Britto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anissa Cherif
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Choo HC, Peiffer JJ, Pang JWJ, Tan FHY, Aziz AR, Ihsan M, Lee JKW, Abbiss CR. Effect of regular precooling on adaptation to training in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1143-1154. [PMID: 32232658 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether regular precooling would help to maintain day-to-day training intensity and improve 20-km cycling time trial (TT) performed in the heat. Twenty males cycled for 10 day × 60 min at perceived exertion equivalent to 15 in the heat (35 °C, 50% relative humidity), preceded by no cooling (CON, n = 10) or 30-min water immersion at 22 °C (PRECOOL, n = 10). METHODS 19 participants (n = 9 and 10 for CON and PRECOOL, respectively) completed heat stress tests (25-min at 60% [Formula: see text] and 20-km TT) before and after heat acclimation. RESULTS Changes in mean power output (∆MPO, P = 0.024) and heart rate (∆HR, P = 0.029) during heat acclimation were lower for CON (∆MPO - 2.6 ± 8.1%, ∆HR - 7 ± 7 bpm), compared with PRECOOL (∆MPO + 2.9 ± 6.6%, ∆HR - 1 ± 8 bpm). HR during constant-paced cycling was decreased from the pre-acclimation test in both groups (P < 0.001). Only PRECOOL demonstrated lower rectal temperature (Tre) during constant-paced cycling (P = 0.002) and lower Tre threshold for sweating (P = 0.042). However, skin perfusion and total sweat output did not change in either CON or PRECOOL (all P > 0.05). MPO (P = 0.016) and finish time (P = 0.013) for the 20-km TT were improved in PRECOOL but did not change in CON (P = 0.052 for MPO, P = 0.140 for finish time). CONCLUSION Precooling maintains day-to-day training intensity and does not appear to attenuate adaptation to training in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui C Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia. .,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Joel W J Pang
- Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, 3 Stadium Drive, Singapore, 397630, Singapore
| | - Frankie H Y Tan
- Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, 3 Stadium Drive, Singapore, 397630, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science and Medicine Centre, Singapore Sport Institute, 3 Stadium Drive, Singapore, 397630, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, ASPETAR Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jason K W Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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Cocking S, Ihsan M, Jones H, Hansen C, Timothy Cable N, Thijssen DHJ, Wilson MG. Repeated sprint cycling performance is not enhanced by ischaemic preconditioning or muscle heating strategies. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:166-175. [PMID: 32223385 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1749312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Both ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and muscle heat maintenance can be effective in enhancing repeated-sprint performance (RSA) when applied individually, acting mechanisms of these interventions, however, likely differ. It is unclear if, when combined, these interventions could further improve RSA. Methods: Eleven trained cyclists undertook experimental test sessions, whereby IPC (4 × 5-min at 220 mmHg) and SHAM (4 × 5-min at 20 mmHg) were each performed on two separate visits, each combined with either passive muscle heating or thermoneutral insulation prior to an "all-out" repeated-sprint task (10 × 6-s sprints with 24-s recovery). Primary outcome measures were peak and average power output (W), whist secondary measures were muscular activation and muscular oxygenation, measured via Electromyography (EMG) and Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), respectively. Results: IPC did not enhance peak [6 (-14-26)W; P = 0.62] or average [12 (-7-31)W; P = 0.28] power output versus SHAM. Additionally, no performance benefits were observed when increasing muscle temperature in combination with IPC [5 (-14-19) watts; P = 0.67], or in isolation to IPC [9 (-9-28)W; P = 0.4] versus SHAM. No changes in EMG or microvascular changes were present (P > 0.05, respectively) between conditions. Conclusion: Overall, neither IPC, muscle heating, or a combination of both enhances RSA cycling performance in trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cocking
- Department of Sport Science, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clint Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - N Timothy Cable
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Ihsan M, Abbiss CR, Gregson W, Allan R. Warming to the ice bath: Don't go cool on cold water immersion just yet!: Comment on: 1) Arthur J. Cheng. Cooling down the use of cryotherapy for post-exercise skeletal muscle recovery. Temperature. 2018; 5(2): 103-105. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1413284. 2) Cheng et al. Post-exercise recovery of contractile function and endurance in humans and mice is accelerated by heating and slowed by cooling skeletal muscle. Journal of Physiology. 2017; 595(24): 7413-7426. doi: 10.1113/JP274870. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:223-225. [PMID: 33134431 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1727085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Warren Gregson
- Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Allan
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Ihsan M, Watson G, Choo HC, Govus A, Cocking S, Stanley J, Abbiss CR. Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Adaptations Following Regular Cold Water Immersion. Int J Sports Med 2019; 41:98-105. [PMID: 31842246 DOI: 10.1055/a-1044-2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of endurance training and regular post-exercise cold water immersion on changes in microvascular function. Nine males performed 3 sessions∙wk-1 of endurance training for 4 weeks. Following each session, participants immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C; COLD) for 15 min while the contra-lateral leg served as control (CON). Before and after training, microvascular function of the gastrocnemius was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy, where 5 min of popliteal artery occlusion was applied and monitored for 3 min upon cuff release. Changes in Hbdiff (oxyhemoglobin - deoxyhemoglobin) amplitude (O-AMP), area under curve (O-AUC) and estimated muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2) were determined during occlusion, while the reperfusion rate (R-RATE), reperfusion amplitude (R-AMP) and hyperemic response (HYP) were determined following cuff release. Training increased O-AMP (p=0.010), O-AUC (p=0.011), mVO2 (p=0.013), R-AMP (p=0.004) and HYP (p=0.057). Significant time (p=0.024) and condition (p=0.026) effects were observed for R-RATE, where the increase in COLD was greater compared with CON (p=0.026). In conclusion, R-RATE following training was significantly higher in COLD compared with CON, providing some evidence for enhanced microvascular adaptations following regular cold water immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Greig Watson
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Hui Cheng Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Andrew Govus
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Cocking
- Department of Sports Science, ASPIRE Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jamie Stanley
- Department of Sport Science, South Australian Sports Institute, Brooklyn Park, Australia
| | - Chris Richard Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Ihsan M, Périard JD, Racinais S. Integrating Heat Training in the Rehabilitation Toolbox for the Injured Athlete. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1488. [PMID: 31920696 PMCID: PMC6917657 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Racinais S, Casa D, Brocherie F, Ihsan M. Translating Science Into Practice: The Perspective of the Doha 2019 IAAF World Championships in the Heat. Front Sports Act Living 2019; 1:39. [PMID: 33344962 PMCID: PMC7739640 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot and humid ambient conditions may play a major role during the endurance events of the 2019 IAAF world championships, the 2020 summer Olympics and many other sports events. Here, various countermeasures with scientific evidence are put in perspective of their practical application. This manuscript is not a comprehensive review, but rather a set of applied recommendations built upon sound scientific reasoning and experience with elite athletes. The primary recommendation for an athlete who will be competing in the heat, will be to train in the heat. This acclimatization phase should last for 2 weeks and be programmed to accommodate the taper and travel requirements. Despite extensive laboratory-based research, hydration strategies within athletics are generally dictated by the race characteristics. The main opportunities for hydration are during the preparation and recovery phases. In competition, depending on thirst, feeling, and energy requirements, water may be ingested or poured. The athletes should also adapt their warm-up routines to the environmental conditions, as it may do more harm than good. Avoiding harm includes limiting unnecessary heat exposure before the event, warming-up with cooling aids such as ice-vest or cold/iced drinks, and avoiding clothing or accessories limiting sweat evaporation. From a medical perspective, exertional heat stroke should be considered immediately when an athlete collapses or struggles during exercise in the heat with central nervous system disorders. Once a rectal temperature >40.5°C is confirmed, cooling (via cold water immersion) should be undertaken as soon as possible (cool first/transport second).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Casa
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Chua MT, Balasekaran G, Ihsan M, Aziz AR. Effects of Pre-Exercise High and Low Glycaemic Meal on Intermittent Sprint and Endurance Exercise Performance. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7080188. [PMID: 31387203 PMCID: PMC6722499 DOI: 10.3390/sports7080188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ingesting either a high glycaemic index (HGI) or low glycaemic index (LGI) carbohydrate meal (preceding a 12 h overnight fast and where the meal was ingested 45-min prior to activity) on intermittent sprint and endurance exercise performance. Ten male varsity athletes from intermittent sports (age 23.6 ± 1.7 years, VO2max 51.9 ± 4.7 mL·kg−1·min−1) underwent a peak velocity (Vpeak) test and familiarisation session, followed by two experimental sessions in random order. Experimental sessions involved the ingestion of either an HGI or LGI meal, followed by the completion of the modified Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (mLIST). There was no significant difference between HGI or LGI meals on sprint times (p = 0.62) and distance to exhaustion (p = 0.54) in the mLIST. Exercise heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were also similar between the two meal trials throughout the mLIST (all p > 0.05). Subjective ratings of hunger, fullness, satiety and satisfaction were also not significantly different between the two meals. In conclusion, consuming either an HGI or LGI meal after a prolonged 12 h fast and ingesting the meal 45 min prior to exercise did not differ in either physiological, subjective and intermittent sprint and endurance performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Tong Chua
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Govindasamy Balasekaran
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Athlete Health and Performance Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science and Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore.
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Tabben M, Ihsan M, Ghoul N, Coquart J, Chaouachi A, Chaabene H, Tourny C, Chamari K. Cold Water Immersion Enhanced Athletes' Wellness and 10-m Short Sprint Performance 24-h After a Simulated Mixed Martial Arts Combat. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1542. [PMID: 30443221 PMCID: PMC6221982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Cold Water Immersion (CWI) on the recovery of physical performance, hematological stress markers and perceived wellness (i.e., Hooper scores) following a simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) competition. Methods: Participants completed two experimental sessions in a counter-balanced order (CWI or passive recovery for control condition: CON), after a simulated MMAs competition (3 × 5-min MMA rounds separated by 1-min of passive rest). During CWI, athletes were required to submerge their bodies, except the trunk, neck and head, in the seated position in a temperature-controlled bath (∼10°C) for 15-min. During CON, athletes were required to be in a seated position for 15-min in same room ambient temperature. Venous blood samples (creatine kinase, cortisol, and testosterone concentrations) were collected at rest (PRE-EX, i.e., before MMAs), immediately following MMAs (POST-EX), immediately following recovery (POST-R) and 24 h post MMAs (POST-24), whilst physical fitness (squat jump, countermovement-jump and 5- and 10-m sprints) and perceptual measures (well-being Hooper index: fatigue, stress, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and sleep) were collected at PRE-EX, POST-R and POST-24, and at PRE-EX and POST-24, respectively. Results: The main results indicate that POST-R sprint (5- and 10-m) performances were ‘likely to very likely’ (d = 0.64 and 0.65) impaired by prior CWI. However, moderate improvements were in 10-m sprint performance were ‘likely’ evident at POST-24 after CWI compared with CON (d = 0.53). Additionally, the use of CWI ‘almost certainly’ resulted in a large overall improvement in Hooper scores (d = 1.93). Specifically, CWI ‘almost certainly’ resulted in improved sleep quality (d = 1.36), stress (d = 1.56) and perceived fatigue (d = 1.51), and ‘likely’ resulted in a moderate decrease in DOMS (d = 0.60). Conclusion: The use of CWI resulted in an enhanced recovery of 10-m sprint performance, as well as improved perceived wellness 24-h following simulated MMA competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- ASPETAR, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nihel Ghoul
- UFR STAPS, CETAPS, Normandie University - University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Jeremy Coquart
- UFR STAPS, CETAPS, Normandie University - University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization," National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Sports Performance Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.,PVF Football Academy, Hang Yen, Vietnam
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,High Institute of Sports and Physical Education Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Claire Tourny
- UFR STAPS, CETAPS, Normandie University - University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Soo J, Woods CT, Arjunan SP, Aziz AR, Ihsan M. Identifying the performance characteristics explanatory of fight outcome in elite Pencak Silat matches. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1539381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Soo
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Republic of Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore
| | - Carl T. Woods
- Port Adelaide Football Club, Football Department, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Saravana Pillai Arjunan
- Physical, Sports and Outdoor Education Branch, Student Development Curriculum Division, Ministry of Education, Republic of Singapore
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Gordon N, Abbiss CR, Ihsan M, Maiorana AJ, Peiffer JJ. Active and Inactive Leg Hemodynamics during Sequential Single-Leg Interval Cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1297-1304. [PMID: 29324474 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leg order during sequential single-leg cycling (i.e., exercising both legs independently within a single session) may affect local muscular responses potentially influencing adaptations. This study examined the cardiovascular and skeletal muscle hemodynamic responses during double-leg and sequential single-leg cycling. METHODS Ten young healthy adults (28 ± 6 yr) completed six 1-min double-leg intervals interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery and, on a separate occasion, 12 (six with one leg followed by six with the other leg) 1-min single-leg intervals interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, muscle oxygenation, muscle blood volume, and power output were measured throughout each session. RESULTS Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and power output were not different between sets of single-leg intervals, but the average of both sets was lower than the double-leg intervals. Mean arterial pressure was higher during double-leg compared with sequential single-leg intervals (115 ± 9 vs 104 ± 9 mm Hg, P < 0.05) and higher during the initial compared with second set of single-leg intervals (108 ± 10 vs 101 ± 10 mm Hg, P < 0.05). The increase in muscle blood volume from baseline was similar between the active single leg and the double leg (267 ± 150 vs 214 ± 169 μM·cm, P = 0.26). The pattern of change in muscle blood volume from the initial to second set of intervals was significantly different (P < 0.05) when the leg was active in the initial (-52.3% ± 111.6%) compared with second set (65.1% ± 152.9%). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the order in which each leg performs sequential single-leg cycling influences the local hemodynamic responses, with the inactive muscle influencing the stimulus experienced by the contralateral leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gordon
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, AUSTRALIA
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, AUSTRALIA.,Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, QATAR
| | - Andrew J Maiorana
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, AUSTRALIA.,Allied Health Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, AUSTRALIA
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Choo HC, Nosaka K, Peiffer JJ, Ihsan M, Abbiss CR. Ergogenic effects of precooling with cold water immersion and ice ingestion: A meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 18:170-181. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1405077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui C. Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J. Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR – Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, P.O. Box 29222, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Ihsan M, Tan F, Sahrom S, Choo HC, Chia M, Aziz AR. Pre-game perceived wellness highly associates with match running performances during an international field hockey tournament. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:593-602. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1301559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore
| | - Frankie Tan
- Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sofyan Sahrom
- Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hui Cheng Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Physical Education and Sports Science Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Michael Chia
- Physical Education and Sports Science Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Nakase K, Kollmar R, Lazar J, Arjomandi H, Sundaram K, Silverman J, Orman R, Weedon J, Stefanov D, Savoca E, Tordjman L, Stiles K, Ihsan M, Nunez A, Guzman L, Stewart M. Laryngospasm, central and obstructive apnea during seizures: Defining pathophysiology for sudden death in a rat model. Epilepsy Res 2016; 128:126-139. [PMID: 27835782 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Seizure spread into the autonomic nervous system can result in life-threatening cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction. Here we report on a less-studied consequence of such autonomic derangements-the possibility of laryngospasm and upper-airway occlusion. We used parenteral kainic acid to induce recurring seizures in urethane-anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. EEG recordings and combinations of cardiopulmonary monitoring, including video laryngoscopy, were performed during multi-unit recordings of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) activity or head-out plethysmography with or without endotracheal intubation. Controlled occlusions of a tracheal tube were used to study the kinetics of cardiac and respiratory changes after sudden obstruction. Seizure activity caused significant firing increases in the RLN that were associated with abnormal, high-frequency movements of the vocal folds. Partial airway obstruction from laryngospasm was evident in plethysmograms and was prevented by intubation. Complete glottic closure (confirmed by laryngoscopy) occurred in a subset of non-intubated animals in association with the largest increases in RLN activity, and cessation of airflow was followed in all obstructed animals within tens of seconds by ST-segment elevation, bradycardia, and death. Periods of central apnea occurred in both intubated and non-intubated rats during seizures for periods up to 33s and were associated with modestly increased RLN activity, minimal cardiac derangements, and an open airway on laryngoscopy. In controlled complete airway occlusions, respiratory effort to inspire progressively increased, then ceased, usually in less than 1min. Respiratory arrest was associated with left ventricular dilatation and eventual asystole, an elevation of systemic blood pressure, and complete glottic closure. Severe laryngospasm contributed to the seizure- and hypoxemia-induced conditions that resulted in sudden death in our rat model, and we suggest that this mechanism could contribute to sudden death in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakase
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - R Kollmar
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - J Lazar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - H Arjomandi
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - K Sundaram
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - J Silverman
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - R Orman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - J Weedon
- Department of Statistical Design & Analysis, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - D Stefanov
- Department of Statistical Design & Analysis, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - E Savoca
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - L Tordjman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - K Stiles
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - M Ihsan
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - A Nunez
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - L Guzman
- Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) Program, City University of New York, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11225, United States
| | - M Stewart
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States; Department of Neurology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States.
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Choo HC, Nosaka K, Peiffer JJ, Ihsan M, Yeo CC, Abbiss CR. Reliability of laser Doppler, near-infrared spectroscopy and Doppler ultrasound for peripheral blood flow measurements during and after exercise in the heat. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1715-1723. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1235790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui C. Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J. Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chow C. Yeo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Chris R. Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Choo HC, Nosaka K, Peiffer JJ, Ihsan M, Yeo CC, Abbiss CR. Peripheral blood flow changes in response to postexercise cold water immersion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 38:46-55. [PMID: 27464622 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effect of postexercise water immersion (WI) at different temperatures on common femoral artery blood flow (CFA), muscle (total haemoglobin; tHb) and skin perfusion (cutaneous vascular conductance; CVC), assessed by Doppler ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Given that heat stress may influence the vascular response during cooling, nine men cycled for 25 min at the first ventilatory threshold followed by intermittent 30-s cycling at 90% peak power until exhaustion at 32·8 ± 0·4°C and 32 ± 5% RH. They then received 5-min WI at 8·6 ± 0·2°C (WI9 ), 14·6 ± 0·3°C (WI15 ), 35·0 ± 0·4°C (WI35 ) or passive rest (CON) in a randomized, crossover manner. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), muscle (Tmu ), thigh skin (Tthigh ), rectal (Tre ) and mean body (Tbody ) temperatures were assessed. At 60 min postimmersion, decreases in Tre after WI35 (-0·6 ± 0·3°C) and CON (-0·6 ± 0·3°C) were different from WI15 (-1·0 ± 0·3°C; P<0·05), but not from WI9 (-1·0 ± 0·3°C; P = 0·074-0·092). WI9 and WI15 had reduced Tbody , Tthigh and Tmu compared with WI35 and CON (P <0·05). CFA, tHb and CVC were lower in WI9 and WI15 compared with CON (P<0·05). tHb following WI9 remained lower than CON (P = 0·044) at 30 min postimmersion. CVC correlated with tHb during non-cooling (WI35 and CON) (r2 = 0·532; P<0·001) and cooling recovery (WI9 and WI15 ) (r2 = 0·19; P = 0·035). WI9 resulted in prolonged reduction in muscle perfusion. This suggests that CWI below 10°C should not be used for short-term (i.e. <60 min) recovery after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui C Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chow C Yeo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Ihsan M, Watson G, Choo HC, Lewandowski P, Papazzo A, Cameron-Smith D, Abbiss CR. Postexercise muscle cooling enhances gene expression of PGC-1α. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 46:1900-7. [PMID: 24561815 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the influence of localized muscle cooling on postexercise vascular, metabolic, and mitochondrial-related gene expression. METHODS Nine physically active males performed 30 min of continuous running at 70% of their maximal aerobic velocity, followed by intermittent running to exhaustion at 100% maximal aerobic velocity. After exercise, subjects immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C, COLD) to the level of their gluteal fold for 15 min. The contralateral leg remained outside the water bath and served as control (CON). Core body temperature was monitored throughout the experiment, whereas muscle biopsies and muscle temperature (Tm) measurements were obtained from the vastus lateralis before exercise (PRE), immediately postexercise (POST-EX, Tm only), immediately after cooling, and 3 h postexercise (POST-3H). RESULTS Exercise significantly increased core body temperature (PRE, 37.1°C ± 0.4°C vs POST-EX, 39.3°C ± 0.5°C, P < 0.001) and Tm in both CON (PRE, 33.9°C ± 0.7°C vs POST-EX, 39.1°C ± 0.5°C) and COLD legs (PRE, 34.2°C ± 0.9°C vs POST-EX, 39.4°C ± 0.3°C), respectively (P < 0.001). After cooling, Tm was significantly lower in COLD (28.9°C ± 2.3°C vs 37.0°C ± 0.8°C, P < 0.001) whereas PGC-1α messenger RNA expression was significantly higher in COLD at POST-3H (P = 0.014). Significant time effects were evident for changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (P = 0.038) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (P = 0.019) expression. However, no significant condition effects between COLD and CON were evident for changes in both vascular endothelial growth factor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressions. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that an acute postexercise cooling intervention enhances the gene expression of PGC-1α and may therefore provide a valuable strategy to enhance exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- 1Centre for Sports and Exercise Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, AUSTRALIA; 2School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, AUSTRALIA; 3School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA; and 4Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
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Ihsan M, Markworth JF, Watson G, Choo HC, Govus A, Pham T, Hickey A, Cameron-Smith D, Abbiss CR. Regular postexercise cooling enhances mitochondrial biogenesis through AMPK and p38 MAPK in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R286-94. [PMID: 26041108 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of regular postexercise cold water immersion (CWI) on muscle aerobic adaptations to endurance training. Eight males performed 3 sessions/wk of endurance training for 4 wk. Following each session, subjects immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C; COLD) for 15 min, while the contralateral leg served as a control (CON). Muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis of both CON and COLD legs prior to training and 48 h following the last training session. Samples were analyzed for signaling kinases: p38 MAPK and AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), enzyme activities indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis, and protein subunits representative of respiratory chain complexes I-V. Following training, subjects' peak oxygen uptake and running velocity were improved by 5.9% and 6.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). Repeated CWI resulted in higher total AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK, phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, β-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase and the protein subunits representative of complex I and III (P < 0.05). Moreover, large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 0.8) were noted with changes in protein content of p38 (d = 1.02, P = 0.064), PGC-1α (d = 0.99, P = 0.079), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (d = 0.93, P = 0.10) in COLD compared with CON. No differences between conditions were observed in the representative protein subunits of respiratory complexes II, IV, and V and in the activities of several mitochondrial enzymes (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that regular CWI enhances p38, AMPK, and possibly mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore; Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia;
| | | | - Greig Watson
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia; and
| | - Hui Cheng Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Andrew Govus
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Toan Pham
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Hickey
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of postexercise cold water immersion (CWI) on tissue oxygenation and blood volume changes after intense exercise. METHODS Nine physically active men performed 30 min of continuous running (CR) at 70% of their maximal treadmill velocity (Vmax), followed by 10 bouts of intermittent running at Vmax. After exercise, one of the participants' legs was immersed in a cold water bath (10°C, CWI) to the level of their gluteal fold for 15 min. The contralateral leg remained outside the water bath and served as a control (CON). Vastus lateralis (VL) skin temperature (TskVL), VL oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index [TOI]), and blood volume changes (total hemoglobin [tHb] volume) were monitored continuously throughout exercise and CWI using near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS TskVL, TOI, and tHb were not significantly different between CON and CWI during continuous running and intermittent running, respectively (P > 0.05). In contrast, TskVL was significantly lower in CWI compared with CON throughout immersion, with peak differences occurring at the end of immersion (CON = 35.1 ± 0.6 vs CWI = 16.9°C ± 1.7°C, P < 0.001). tHb was significantly lower during CWI compared with CON at most time points, with peak differences of 20% ± 4% evident at the end of the 15-min immersion (P < 0.01). Likewise, TOI was significantly higher in CWI compared with CON, with peak differences of 2.5% ± 1% evident at the 12th min of immersion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Postexercise cooling decreased microvascular perfusion and muscle metabolic activity. These findings are consistent with the suggested mechanisms by which CWI is hypothesized to improve local muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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Ihsan M, Abbiss C, Lipski M, Buchheit M, Watson G. Muscle Oxygenation and Blood Volume Reliability during Continuous and Intermittent Running. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34:637-45. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ihsan
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - C. Abbiss
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - M. Lipski
- Institute for Exercise Science and Sports Informatics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Buchheit
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - G. Watson
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Fajar A, Gunawan G, Kartini E, Mugirahardjo H, Ihsan M. Crystallite Size and Microstrain Measurement of Cathode Material after Mechanical Milling using Neutron Diffraction Technique. Atom Indo 2011. [DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
IntroductionThe hand is one of the most important organs of human body serving multiple day to day functions and, as such, disability resulting from poorly managed fractures of the hand can have huge implications for patients. This not only includes incapacity to complete actions of daily living but also inability to satisfactorily undertake many forms of employment. This not only has implications for the individual but also socio-economic implications.
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Abstract
Acute compartment syndrome is a life and limb threatening condition. Clinical assessment is the diagnostic cornerstone of compartment syndrome but pressure monitoring also has a role in equivocal cases, in unconscious or uncooperative patients, and in patients with nerve blocks and other forms of regional and epidural anesthesia. A high degree of suspicion and early decompression of all compartments at risk are important for a satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Malik
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
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Policarpio-Nicolas MLC, Bregman SG, Ihsan M, Atkins KA. Mass-forming extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2006; 34:807-11. [PMID: 17115434 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is usually a microscopic finding. However, it may present as a mass-forming lesion making it amenable to fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). When mass-forming EMH occurs, it can simulate a neoplasm clinically and radiologically. Additionally, the megakaryocytes can mimic malignant neoplastic cells, particularly if EMH is not a considered diagnosis. We report six cases of mass-forming EMH diagnosed by FNAB and evaluate the utility of FNAB in diagnosing EMH. Four patients had prior diagnoses of hematologic disorders, one patient had malignant mastocytosis who presented with lymphadenopathy and one patient had a history of carcinoma. The patients' ages ranged from 46 to 78 yr with an equal sex distribution. Aspirate smears showed trilineage hematopoiesis. The cytomorphologic differential diagnosis included metastatic carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and myeloid sarcoma. No special stains were necessary due to the classic cytologic findings and prior hematologic history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa C Policarpio-Nicolas
- Department of Cytology, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street-Hospital Expansion, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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