1
|
Mooney S, Kollmar R, Gurevich R, Tromblee J, Banerjee A, Sundaram K, Silverman JB, Stewart M. An oxygen-rich atmosphere or systemic fluoxetine extend the time to respiratory arrest in a rat model of obstructive apnea. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104682. [PMID: 31759134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Audiogenic seizure-prone mice can be protected from seizure-associated death by exposure to an oxygen atmosphere or treatment with selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We have shown previously in a rat model that epileptic seizure activity can spread through brainstem areas to cause sufficient laryngospasm for obstructive apnea and that the period of seizure-associated obstructive apnea can last long enough for respiratory arrest to occur. We hypothesized that both the oxygen-rich atmosphere and SSRIs function by prolonging the time to respiratory arrest, thus ensuring that seizure activity stops before the point of respiratory arrest to allow recovery of respiratory function. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated each preventative treatment in a rat model of controlled airway occlusion where the times to respiratory arrest can be measured. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (median age = 66 days) were studied in the absence of any seizure activity. By directly studying responses to controlled airway occlusion, rather than airway occlusion secondary to seizure activity, we could isolate the effects of manipulations that might prolong respiratory arrest from the effects of those manipulations on seizure intensity. All group sizes were ≥ 8 animals per group. We found that both oxygen exposure and fluoxetine significantly increased the time to respiratory arrest by up to 65% (p < .0001 for 5 min oxygen exposure; p = .031 for 25 mg/kg fluoxetine tested 60 min after injection) and, given that neither treatment has been shown to significantly alter seizure duration, these increases can account for the protection of either manipulation against death in sudden death models. Importantly, we found that 30 s of exposure to oxygen produced nearly the same protection as 5 min exposure suggesting that oxygen exposure could start after a seizure starts (p = .0012 for 30 s oxygen exposure). Experiments with 50% oxygen/50% air mixtures indicate that the oxygen concentration needs to be above about 60% to ensure that times to respiratory arrest will always be longer than a period of seizure-induced airway occlusion. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, while instructive with regard to mechanism, require impractical dosing and may carry additional risk in the form of greater challenges for resuscitation. We conclude that oxygen exposure or SSRI treatment prevent seizure associated death by sufficiently prolonging the time to respiratory arrest so that respiratory function can recover after the seizure abates and eliminates the stimulus for seizure-induced apnea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mooney
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - R Kollmar
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America; Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - R Gurevich
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - J Tromblee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - K Sundaram
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - J B Silverman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, United States of America
| | - M Stewart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America; Department of Neurology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aroyo I, Prenosil V, Kollmar R. P126. Identification by ultrasound of a cervical nerve root edema caused by vertebral artery loop. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
3
|
Villiere SM, Nakase K, Kollmar R, Silverman J, Sundaram K, Stewart M. Seizure-associated central apnea in a rat model: Evidence for resetting the respiratory rhythm and activation of the diving reflex. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 101:8-15. [PMID: 28153424 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory derangements, including irregular, tachypnic breathing and central or obstructive apnea can be consequences of seizure activity in epilepsy patients and animal models. Periods of seizure-associated central apnea, defined as periods >1s with rapid onset and offset of no airflow during plethysmography, suggest that seizures spread to brainstem respiratory regions to disrupt breathing. We sought to characterize seizure-associated central apneic episodes as an indicator of seizure impact on the respiratory rhythm in rats anesthetized with urethane and given parenteral kainic acid to induce recurring seizures. We measured central apneic period onsets and offsets to determine if onset-offset relations were a consequence of 1) a reset of the respiratory rhythm, 2) a transient pausing of the respiratory rhythm, resuming from the pause point at the end of the apneic period, 3) a transient suppression of respiratory behavior with apnea offset predicted by a continuation of the breathing pattern preceding apnea, or 4) a random re-entry into the respiratory cycle. Animals were monitored with continuous ECG, EEG, and plethysmography. One hundred ninety central apnea episodes (1.04 to 36.18s, mean: 3.2±3.7s) were recorded during seizure activity from 7 rats with multiple apneic episodes. The majority of apneic period onsets occurred during expiration (125/161 apneic episodes, 78%). In either expiration or inspiration, apneic onsets tended to occur late in the cycle, i.e. between the time of the peak and end of expiration (82/125, 66%) or inspiration (34/36, 94%). Apneic period offsets were more uniformly distributed between early and late expiration (27%, 34%) and inspiration (16%, 23%). Differences between the respiratory phase at the onset of apnea and the corresponding offset phase varied widely, even within individual animals. Each central apneic episode was associated with a high frequency event in EEG or ECG records at onset. High frequency events that were not associated with flatline plethysmographs revealed a constant plethysmograph pattern within each animal, suggesting a clear reset of the respiratory rhythm. The respiratory rhythm became highly variable after about 1s, however, accounting for the unpredictability of the offset phase. The dissociation of respiratory rhythm reset from the cessation of airflow also suggested that central apneic periods involved activation of brainstem regions serving the diving reflex to eliminate the expression of respiratory movements. This conclusion was supported by the decreased heart rate as a function of apnea duration. We conclude that seizure-associated central apnea episodes are associated with 1) a reset of the respiratory rhythm, and 2) activation of brainstem regions serving the diving reflex to suppress respiratory behavior. The significance of these conclusions is that these details of seizure impact on brainstem circuitry represent metrics for assessing seizure spread and potentially subclassifying seizure patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Villiere
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) Program, City University of New York Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225, United States
| | - K Nakase
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - R Kollmar
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - J Silverman
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - K Sundaram
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - M Stewart
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States; Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a frequent and severe complication of intensive care management. Within ICUAW critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and myopathy (CIM) can be differentiated. The major symptom of ICUAW is progressive quadriparesis, which makes weaning from the respirator more difficult, can appear early after admission to an ICU and can often be detected several months after discharge from the ICU. The pathophysiology of ICUAW is multifactorial and complex. Potential therapeutic approaches are the early and sufficient therapy of mulitorgan dysfunction, optimal control of glucose levels as well as early and intensive physiotherapy. This review article discusses the data on incidence, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches and prognosis of ICUAW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Klinik für Neurologie und Neurogeriatrie mit neurologischer Intensivmedizin, Grafenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nakase K, Kollmar R, Lazar J, Arjomandi H, Sundaram K, Silverman J, Orman R, Weedon J, Stefanov D, Savoca E, Tordjman L, Stiles K, Ihsan M, Nunez A, Guzman L, Stewart M. Laryngospasm, central and obstructive apnea during seizures: Defining pathophysiology for sudden death in a rat model. Epilepsy Res 2016; 128:126-139. [PMID: 27835782 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Seizure spread into the autonomic nervous system can result in life-threatening cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction. Here we report on a less-studied consequence of such autonomic derangements-the possibility of laryngospasm and upper-airway occlusion. We used parenteral kainic acid to induce recurring seizures in urethane-anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. EEG recordings and combinations of cardiopulmonary monitoring, including video laryngoscopy, were performed during multi-unit recordings of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) activity or head-out plethysmography with or without endotracheal intubation. Controlled occlusions of a tracheal tube were used to study the kinetics of cardiac and respiratory changes after sudden obstruction. Seizure activity caused significant firing increases in the RLN that were associated with abnormal, high-frequency movements of the vocal folds. Partial airway obstruction from laryngospasm was evident in plethysmograms and was prevented by intubation. Complete glottic closure (confirmed by laryngoscopy) occurred in a subset of non-intubated animals in association with the largest increases in RLN activity, and cessation of airflow was followed in all obstructed animals within tens of seconds by ST-segment elevation, bradycardia, and death. Periods of central apnea occurred in both intubated and non-intubated rats during seizures for periods up to 33s and were associated with modestly increased RLN activity, minimal cardiac derangements, and an open airway on laryngoscopy. In controlled complete airway occlusions, respiratory effort to inspire progressively increased, then ceased, usually in less than 1min. Respiratory arrest was associated with left ventricular dilatation and eventual asystole, an elevation of systemic blood pressure, and complete glottic closure. Severe laryngospasm contributed to the seizure- and hypoxemia-induced conditions that resulted in sudden death in our rat model, and we suggest that this mechanism could contribute to sudden death in epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nakase
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - R Kollmar
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - J Lazar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - H Arjomandi
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - K Sundaram
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - J Silverman
- Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - R Orman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - J Weedon
- Department of Statistical Design & Analysis, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - D Stefanov
- Department of Statistical Design & Analysis, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - E Savoca
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - L Tordjman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - K Stiles
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - M Ihsan
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - A Nunez
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States
| | - L Guzman
- Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) Program, City University of New York, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11225, United States
| | - M Stewart
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States; Department of Neurology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schill J, Kollmar R. Zerebrale Hypoxie nach Reanimation. Akt Neurol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schill
- Klinik für Neurologie und Neurogeriatrie, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt
| | - R. Kollmar
- Klinik für Neurologie und Neurogeriatrie, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakase K, Kollmar R, Sundaram K, Silverman J, Orman R, Stewart M. Obstructive apnea due to laryngospasm during seizures, but not central apnea, causes hypoxic cardiac derangements in rats. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Sprügel M, Schwab S, Kollmar R. Wahrnehmung des Faches Neurologie im Laufe des Medizinstudiums: Ergebnisse einer monozentrischen Untersuchung. Akt Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sprügel
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen
| | - S. Schwab
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen
| | - R. Kollmar
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kollmar R. Transiente globale Amnesie (TGA). Notf Rett Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-013-1706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Shah SM, Patel CH, Feng AS, Kollmar R. Lithium alters the morphology of neurites regenerating from cultured adult spiral ganglion neurons. Hear Res 2013; 304:137-44. [PMID: 23856237 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The small-molecule drug lithium (as a monovalent ion) promotes neurite regeneration and functional recovery, is easy to administer, and is approved for human use to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium exerts its neuritogenic effect mainly by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3, a constitutively-active serine/threonine kinase that is regulated by neurotrophin and "wingless-related MMTV integration site" (Wnt) signaling. In spiral ganglion neurons of the cochlea, the effects of lithium and the function of glycogen synthase kinase 3 have not been investigated. We, therefore, set out to test whether lithium modulates neuritogenesis from adult spiral ganglion neurons. Primary cultures of dissociated spiral ganglion neurons from adult mice were exposed to lithium at concentrations between 0 and 12.5 mM. The resulting neurite morphology and growth-cone appearance were measured in detail by using immunofluorescence microscopy and image analysis. We found that lithium altered the morphology of regenerating neurites and their growth cones in a differential, concentration-dependent fashion. Low concentrations of 0.5-2.5 mM (around the half-maximal inhibitory concentration for glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the recommended therapeutic serum concentration for bipolar disorder) enhanced neurite sprouting and branching. A high concentration of 12.5 mM, in contrast, slowed elongation. As the lithium concentration rose from low to high, the microtubules became increasingly disarranged and the growth cones more arborized. Our results demonstrate that lithium selectively stimulates phases of neuritogenesis that are driven by microtubule reorganization. In contrast, most other drugs that have previously been tested on spiral ganglion neurons are reported to inhibit neurite outgrowth or affect only elongation. Lithium sensitivity is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3. Our results are, therefore, consistent with, but do not prove lithium inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity in spiral ganglion neurons. Experiments with additional drugs and molecular-genetic tools will be necessary to test whether glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates neurite regeneration from spiral ganglion neurons, possibly by integrating neurotrophin and Wnt signals at the growth cone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Induced therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is defined as a controlled reduction of the core body temperature below the physiological range. While TH is neuroprotective in many different models of brain injury, it is only recommended for patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and newborns suffering from perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Although a strong association exists between elevated body core temperature (fever) and worsening of outcome, TH has so far not been proven to influence outcome after ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoidal hemorrhage because of insufficient clinical data. This review summarizes the data on TH for different clinical indications and discusses relevant aspects of its use in neurological intensive care units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kallmünzer
- Neurologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Deutschland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nanka O, Krejci E, Pesevski Z, Sedmera D, Smart N, Rossdeutsch A, Dube KN, Riegler J, Price AN, Taylor A, Muthurangu V, Turner M, Lythgoe MF, Riley PR, Kryvorot S, Vladimirskaya T, Shved I, Schwarzl M, Seiler S, Huber S, Steendijk P, Maechler H, Truschnig-Wilders M, Pieske B, Post H, Caprio C, Baldini A, Chiavacci E, Dolfi L, Verduci L, Meghini F, Cremisi F, Pitto L, Kuan TC, Chen MC, Yang TH, Wu WT, Lin CS, Rai H, Kumar S, Sharma AK, Mastana S, Kapoor A, Pandey CM, Agrawal S, Sinha N, Orlowska-Baranowska EH, Placha G, Gora J, Baranowski R, Abramczuk E, Hryniewiecki T, Gaciong Z, Verschuren JJW, Wessels JAM, Trompet S, Stott DJ, Sattar N, Buckley B, Guchelaar HJ, Jukema JW, Gharanei M, Hussain A, Mee CJ, Maddock HL, Wijnen WJ, Van Den Oever S, Van Der Made I, Hiller M, Tijsen AJ, Pinto YM, Creemers EE, Nikulina SUY, Chernova A, Petry A, Rzymski T, Kracun D, Riess F, Pike L, Harris AL, Gorlach A, Katare R, Oikawa A, Riu F, Beltrami AP, Cesseli D, Emanueli C, Madeddu P, Zaglia T, Milan G, Franzoso M, Pesce P, Sarais C, Sandri M, Mongillo M, Butler TJ, Seymour AML, Ashford D, Jaffre F, Bussen M, Ferrara N, Koch WJ, Leosco D, Akhmedov A, Klingenberg R, Brokopp C, Hof D, Zoller S, Corti R, Gay S, Flohrschutz I, Von Eckardstein A, Hoerstrup SP, Luescher TF, Heijman J, Zaza A, Johnson DM, Rudy Y, Peeters RLM, Volders PGA, Westra RL, Martin GR, Morais CAS, Oliveira SHV, Brandao FC, Gomes IF, Lima LM, Fujita S, Okamoto R, Taniguchi M, Konishi K, Goto I, Engelhardt S, Sugimoto K, Nakamura M, Shiraki K, Buechler C, Ito M, Kararigas G, Nguyen BT, Jarry H, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Van Bilsen M, Daniels A, Munts C, Janssen BJA, Van Der Vusse GJ, Van Nieuwenhoven FA, Montalvo C, Villar AV, Merino D, Garcia R, Llano M, Ares M, Hurle MA, Nistal JF, Dembinska-Kiec A, Beata Kiec-Wilk BKW, Anna Polus AP, Urszula Czech UC, Tatiana Konovaleva TK, Gerd Schmitz GS, Bertrand L, Balteau M, Timmermans A, Viollet B, Sakamoto K, Feron O, Horman S, Vanoverschelde JL, Beauloye C, De Meester C, Martinez E, Martin R, Miana M, Jurado R, Gomez-Hurtado N, Bartolome MV, San Roman JA, Lahera V, Nieto ML, Cachofeiro V, Rochais F, Sturny R, Mesbah K, Miquerol L, Kelly RG, Messaoudi S, Gravez B, Tarjus A, Pelloux V, Samuel JL, Delcayre C, Launay JM, Clement K, Farman N, Jaisser F, Hadyanto L, Castellani C, Vescovo G, Ravara B, Tavano R, Pozzobon M, De Coppi P, Papini E, Vettor R, Thiene G, Angelini A, Meloni M, Caporali A, Cesselli D, Fortunato O, Avolio E, Madeddu P, Beltrami AP, Emanueli C, Schindler R, Simrick S, Brand T, Dube KN, Riley PR, Smart NS, Oikawa A, Katare R, Herman A, Emanueli C, Madeddu P, Roura Ferrer S, Rodriguez Bago J, Soler-Botija C, Pujal JM, Galvez-Monton C, Prat-Vidal C, Llucia-Valldeperas A, Blanco J, Bayes-Genis A, Foldes G, Maxime M, Ali NN, Schneider MD, Harding SE, Reni C, Mangialardi G, Caporali A, Meloni M, Emanueli C, Madeddu P, De Pauw A, Sekkali B, Friart A, Ding H, Graffeuil A, Catalucci D, Balligand JL, Azibani F, Tournoux F, Schlossarek S, Polidano E, Fazal L, Merval R, Carrier L, Chatziantoniou C, Samuel JL, Delcayre C, Buyandelger B, Linke W, Zou P, Kostin S, Ku C, Felkin L, Birks E, Barton P, Sattler M, Knoell R, Schroder K, Benkhoff S, Shimokawa H, Grisk O, Brandes RP, Parepa IR, Mazilu L, Suceveanu AI, Suceveanu A, Rusali L, Cojocaru L, Matei L, Toringhibel M, Craiu E, Pires AL, Pinho M, Pinho S, Sena C, Seica R, Leite-Moreira A, Zaglia T, Milan G, Franzoso M, Dabroi F, Pesce P, Schiaffino S, Sandri M, Mongillo M, Kiseleva E, Krukov N, Nikitin O, Ardatova L, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Kokkinos AD, Cokkinos DV, Scoditti E, Massaro M, Carluccio MA, Pellegrino M, Calabriso N, Gastaldelli A, Storelli C, De Caterina R, Lindner D, Zietsch C, Schultheiss HP, Tschope C, Westermann D, Everaert BR, Nijenhuis VJ, Reith FCM, Hoymans VY, Timmermans JP, Vrints CJ, Simova I, Mateev H, Katova T, Haralanov L, Dimitrov N, Mironov N, Golitsyn SP, Sokolov SF, Yuricheva YUA, Maikov EB, Shlevkov NB, Rosenstraukh LV, Chazov EI, Radosinska J, Knezl V, Benova T, Slezak J, Urban L, Tribulova N, Virag L, Kristof A, Kohajda ZS, Szel T, Husti Z, Baczko I, Jost N, Varro A, Sarusi A, Farkas AS, Orosz SZ, Forster T, Varro A, Farkas A, Zakhrabova-Zwiauer OM, Hardziyenka M, Nieuwland R, Tan HL, Raaijmakers AJA, Bourgonje VJA, Kok GJM, Van Veen AAB, Anderson ME, Vos MA, Bierhuizen MFA, Benes J, Sebestova B, Sedmera D, Ghouri IA, Kemi OJ, Kelly A, Burton FL, Smith GL, Bourgonje VJA, Vos MA, Ozdemir S, Acsai K, Doisne N, Van Der Nagel R, Beekman HDM, Van Veen TAB, Sipido KR, Antoons G, Harmer SC, Mohal JS, Kemp D, Tinker A, Beech D, Burley DS, Cox CD, Wann KT, Baxter GF, Wilders R, Verkerk A, Fragkiadaki P, Germanakis G, Tsarouchas K, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsardi M, George D, Tsatsakis A, Rodrigues P, Barros C, Najmi AK, Khan V, Akhtar M, Pillai KK, Mujeeb M, Aqil M, Bayliss CR, Messer AE, Leung MC, Ward D, Van Der Velden J, Poggesi C, Redwood CS, Marston S, Vite A, Gandjbakhch E, Gary F, Fressart V, Leprince P, Fontaine G, Komajda M, Charron P, Villard E, Falcao-Pires I, Gavina C, Hamdani N, Van Der Velden J, Stienen GJM, Niessens HWM, Leite-Moreira AF, Paulus WJ, Messer AE, Marston S, Memo M, Leung MC, Bayliss CR, Memo M, Messer AE, Marston SB, Vafiadaki E, Qian J, Arvanitis DA, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG, Elmstedt N, Lind B, Ferm-Widlund K, Westgren M, Brodin LA, Mansfield C, West T, Ferenczi M, Wijnker PJM, Foster DB, Coulter A, Frazier A, Murphy AM, Stienen GJM, Van Der Velden J, Shah M, Sikkel MB, Desplantez T, Collins TP, O' Gara P, Harding SE, Lyon AR, Macleod KT, Ottesen AH, Louch WE, Carlson C, Landsverk OJB, Stridsberg M, Sjaastad I, Oie E, Omland T, Christensen G, Rosjo H, Cartledge J, Clark LA, Ibrahim M, Siedlecka U, Navaratnarajah M, Yacoub MH, Camelliti P, Terracciano CM, Chester A, Gonzalez-Tendero A, Torre I, Garcia-Garcia F, Dopazo J, Gratacos E, Taylor D, Bhandari S, Seymour AM, Fliegner D, Jost J, Bugger H, Ventura-Clapier R, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Carpi A, Campesan M, Canton M, Menabo R, Pelicci PG, Giorgio M, Di Lisa F, Hancock M, Venturini A, Al-Shanti N, Stewart C, Ascione R, Angelini G, Suleiman MS, Kravchuk E, Grineva E, Galagudza M, Kostareva A, Bairamov A, Krychtiuk KA, Watzke L, Kaun C, Demyanets S, Pisoni J, Kastl SP, Huber K, Maurer G, Wojta J, Speidl WS, Varga ZV, Farago N, Zvara A, Kocsis GF, Pipicz M, Csonka C, Csont T, Puskas GL, Ferdinandy P, Klevstigova M, Silhavy J, Manakov D, Papousek F, Novotny J, Pravenec M, Kolar F, Novakova O, Novak F, Neckar J, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Didangelos A, Yin X, Fernandez-Caggiano M, Drozdov I, Willeit P, Domenech N, Mayr M, Lemoine S, Allouche S, Coulbault L, Galera P, Gerard JL, Hanouz JL, Suveren E, Whiteman M, Baxter GF, Studneva IM, Pisarenko O, Shulzhenko V, Serebryakova L, Tskitishvili O, Timoshin A, Fauconnier J, Meli AC, Thireau J, Roberge S, Lompre AM, Jacotot E, Marks AM, Lacampagne A, Dietel B, Altendorf R, Daniel WG, Kollmar R, Garlichs CD, Verduci L, Parente V, Balasso S, Pompilio G, Colombo G, Milano G, Squadroni L, Cotelli F, Pozzoli O, Capogrossi MC, Ajiro Y, Saegusa N, Iwade K, Giles WR, Stafforini DM, Spitzer KW, Sirohi R, Candilio L, Babu G, Roberts N, Lawrence D, Sheikh A, Kolvekar S, Yap J, Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM, Aslam M, Rohrbach S, Schlueter KD, Piper HM, Noll T, Guenduez D, Malinova L, Ryabukho VP, Lyakin DV, Denisova TP, Montoro-Garcia S, Shantsila E, Lip GYH, Kalaska B, Sokolowska E, Kaminski K, Szczubialka K, Kramkowski K, Mogielnicki A, Nowakowska M, Buczko W, Stancheva N, Mekenyan E, Gospodinov K, Tisheva S, Darago A, Rutkai I, Kalasz J, Czikora A, Orosz P, Bjornson HD, Edes I, Papp Z, Toth A, Riches K, Warburton P, O'regan DJ, Ball SG, Turner NA, Wood IC, Porter KE, Kogaki S, Ishida H, Nawa N, Takahashi K, Baden H, Ichimori H, Uchikawa T, Mihara S, Miura K, Ozono K, Lugano R, Padro T, Garcia-Arguinzonis M, Badimon L, Yin X, Ferraro F, Viner R, Ho J, Cutler D, Mayr M, Matchkov V, Aalkjaer C, Mangialardi G, Katare R, Oikawa A, Madeddu P, Krijnen PAJ, Hahn NE, Kholova I, Sipkens JA, Van Alphen FP, Simsek S, Schalkwijk CG, Van Buul JD, Van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM, Simova I, Katova T, Haralanov L, Caro CG, Seneviratne A, Monaco C, Hou D, Singh J, Gilson P, Burke MG, Heraty KB, Krams R, Coppola G, Albrecht K, Schgoer W, Wiedemann D, Bonaros N, Steger C, Theurl M, Stanzl U, Kirchmair R, Amadesi S, Fortunato O, Reni C, Katare R, Meloni M, Ascione R, Spinetti G, Cangiano E, Valgimigli M, Madeddu P, Caporali A, Meloni M, Miller AM, Cardinali A, Vierlinger K, Fortunato O, Spinetti G, Madeddu P, Emanueli C, Pagano G, Liccardo D, Zincarelli C, Femminella GD, Lymperopoulos A, De Lucia C, Koch WJ, Leosco D, Rengo G, Hinkel R, Husada W, Trenkwalder T, Di Q, Lee S, Petersen B, Bock-Marquette I, Niemann H, Di Maio M, Kupatt C, Nourian M, Yassin Z, Kelishadi R, Nourian M, Kelishadi R, Yassin Z, Memarian SH, Heidari A, Leuner A, Poitz DM, Brunssen C, Ravens U, Strasser RH, Morawietz H, Vogt F, Grahl A, Flege C, Marx N, Borinski M, De Geest B, Jacobs F, Muthuramu I, Gordts SC, Van Craeyveld E, Herijgers P, Weinert S, Poitz DM, Medunjanin S, Herold J, Schmeisser A, Strasser RH, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Wagner AH, Moeller K, Adolph O, Schwarz M, Schwale C, Bruehl C, Nobiling R, Wieland T, Schneider SW, Hecker M, Cross A, Strom A, Cole J, Goddard M, Hultgardh-Nilsson A, Nilsson J, Mauri C, Monaco C, Mitkovskaya NP, Kurak TA, Oganova EG, Shkrebneva EI, Kot ZHN, Statkevich TV, Molica F, Burger F, Matter CM, Thomas A, Staub C, Zimmer A, Cravatt B, Pacher P, Steffens S, Blanco R, Sarmiento R, Parisi C, Fandino S, Blanco F, Gigena G, Szarfer J, Rodriguez A, Garcia Escudero A, Riccitelli MA, Wantha S, Simsekyilmaz S, Megens RT, Van Zandvoort MA, Liehn E, Zernecke A, Klee D, Weber C, Soehnlein O, Lima LM, Carvalho MG, Gomes KB, Santos IR, Sousa MO, Morais CAS, Oliveira SHV, Gomes IF, Brandao FC, Lamego MRA, Lima LM, Fornai L, Angelini A, Kiss A, Giskes F, Eijkel G, Fedrigo M, Valente ML, Thiene G, Heeren RMA, Grdinic A, Vojvodic D, Djukanovic N, Grdinic AG, Obradovic S, Majstorovic I, Rusovic S, Vucinic Z, Tavciovski D, Ostojic M, Lin CS, Kuan TC, Lai SC, Chen MY, Wu HT, Gouweleeuw L, Oberdorf-Maass SU, De Boer RA, Van Gilst WH, Maass AH, Van Gelder IC, Azibani F, Benard L, Schlossarek S, Merval R, Tournoux F, Launay JM, Carrier L, Chatziantoniou C, Samuel JL, Delcayre C, Li C, Warren D, Shanahan CM, Zhang QP, Bye A, Vettukattil R, Aspenes ST, Giskeodegaard G, Gribbestad IS, Wisloff U, Bathen TF, Cubedo J, Padro T, Alonso R, Mata P, Badimon L, Ivic I, Vamos Z, Cseplo P, Kosa D, Torok O, Hamar J, Koller A, Norita K, De Noronha SV, Sheppard MN, Torre I, Amat-Roldan I, Iruretagoiena I, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Gonzalez-Tendero A, Crispi F, Artigas D, Loza-Alvarez P, Gratacos E, Harrison JC, Smart SD, Besely EH, Kelly JR, Yao Y, Sammut IA, Hoepfner M, Kuzyniak W, Sekhosana E, Hoffmann B, Litwinski C, Pries A, Ermilov E, Fontoura D, Lourenco AP, Vasques-Novoa F, Pinto JP, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Leite-Moreira AF, Oyeyipo IP, Olatunji LA, Usman TO, Olatunji VA, Bacova B, Radosinska J, Viczenczova C, Knezl V, Dosenko V, Benova T, Goncalvesova E, Vanrooyen J, Tribulova N, Maulik SK, Seth S, Dinda AK, Jaiswal A, Mearini G, Khajetoorians D, Kraemer E, Gedicke-Hornung C, Precigout G, Eschenhagen T, Voit T, Garcia L, Lorain S, Carrier L, Mendes-Ferreira P, Maia-Rocha C, Adao R, Lourenco AP, Cerqueira RJ, Mendes MJ, Castro-Chaves P, De Keulenaer GW, Leite-Moreira AF, Bras-Silva C, Ruiter G, Wong YY, Lubberink M, Knaapen P, Raijmakers P, Lammertsma AA, Marcus JT, Westerhof N, Van Der Laarse WJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Poitz DM, Steinbronn N, Koch E, Steiner G, Strasser RH, Berezin A, Lisovaya OA, Soldatova AM, Kuznetcov VA, Yenina TN, Rychkov AYU, Shebeko PV, Altara R, Hessel MHM, Hermans JJR, Janssen BJA, Blankesteijn WM, Soldatova AM, Kuznetcov VA, Yenina TN, Rychkov AYU, Shebeko PV, Berezin A, Berezina TA, Seden V, Bonanad C, Nunez J, Navarro D, Chilet MF, Sanchis F, Bodi V, Minana G, Chaustre F, Forteza MJ, Llacer A, Femminella GD, Rengo G, Galasso G, Zincarelli C, Liccardo D, Pagano G, De Lucia C. Poster session 3. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
13
|
Perez-Pomares JM, Ruiz-Villalba A, Ziogas A, Segovia JC, Ehrbar M, Munoz-Chapuli R, De La Rosa A, Dominguez JN, Hove-Madsen L, Sankova B, Sedmera D, Franco D, Aranega Jimenez A, Babaeva G, Chizh N, Galchenko S, Sandomirsky B, Schwarzl M, Seiler S, Steendijk P, Huber S, Maechler H, Truschnig-Wilders M, Pieske B, Post H, Simrick S, Kreutzer R, Rao C, Terracciano CM, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Brand T, Theveniau-Ruissy M, Parisot P, Francou A, Saint-Michel E, Mesbah K, Kelly RG, Wu HT, Sie SS, Chen CY, Kuan TC, Lin CS, Ismailoglu Z, Guven M, Yakici A, Ata Y, Ozcan S, Yildirim E, Ongen Z, Miroshnikova V, Demina E, Rodygina T, Kurjanov P, Denisenko A, Schwarzman A, Rubanenko A, Shchukin Y, Germanov A, Goldbergova M, Parenica J, Lipkova J, Pavek N, Kala P, Poloczek M, Vasku A, Parenicova I, Spinar J, Gambacciani C, Chiavacci E, Evangelista M, Vesentini N, Kusmic C, Pitto L, Chernova A, Nikulina SUY, Arvanitis DA, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Kranias EG, Cokkinos DV, Sanoudou D, Vladimirskaya TE, Shved IA, Kryvorot SG, Schirmer IM, Appukuttan A, Pott L, Jaquet K, Ladilov Y, Archer CR, Bootman MD, Roderick HL, Fusco A, Sorriento D, Santulli G, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Hagenmueller M, Riffel J, Gatzoulis MA, Stoupel EG, Garcia R, Merino D, Montalvo C, Hurle MA, Nistal JF, Villar AV, Perez-Moreno A, Gilabert R, Bernhold E, Ros E, Amat-Roldan I, Katus HA, Hardt SE, Maqsood A, Zi M, Prehar S, Neyses L, Ray S, Oceandy D, Khatami N, Wadowski P, Wagh V, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Mohl W, Chaudhry B, Burns D, Henderson DJ, Bax NAM, Van Marion MH, Shah B, Goumans MJ, Bouten CVC, Van Der Schaft DWJ, Bax NAM, Van Oorschot AAM, Maas S, Braun J, Van Tuyn J, De Vries AAF, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, Goumans MJ, Bageghni S, Drinkhill MJ, Batten TFC, Ainscough JFX, Onate B, Vilahur G, Ferrer-Lorente R, Ybarra J, Diez-Caballero A, Ballesta-Lopez C, Moscatiello F, Herrero J, Badimon L, Martin-Rendon E, Clifford DM, Fisher SA, Brusnkill SJ, Doree C, Mathur A, Clarke M, Watt SM, Hernandez-Vera R, Badimon L, Kavanagh D, Yemm AI, Frampton J, Kalia N, Terajima Y, Shimizu T, Tsuruyama S, Ishii H, Sekine H, Hagiwara N, Okano T, Vrijsen KR, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG, Doevendans PFM, Madonna R, Delli Pizzi S, Di Donato L, Mariotti A, Di Carlo L, D'ugo E, Teberino MA, Merla A, T A, De Caterina R, Kolker L, Ali NN, Maclellan K, Moore M, Wheeler J, Harding SE, Fleck RA, Rowlinson JM, Kraenkel N, Ascione R, Madeddu P, O'sullivan JF, Leblond AL, Kelly G, Kumar AHS, Metharom P, Buneker CK, Alizadeh-Vikali N, Hynes BG, O'connor R, Caplice NM, Noseda M, De Smith AJ, Leja T, Rao PH, Al-Beidh F, Abreu Pavia MS, Blakemore AI, Schneider MD, Stathopoulou K, Cuello F, Ehler E, Haworth RS, Avkiran M, Morawietz H, Eickholt C, Langbein H, Brux M, Goettsch C, Goettsch W, Arsov A, Brunssen C, Mazilu L, Parepa IR, Suceveanu AI, Suceveanu AP, De Man FS, Guignabert C, Tu L, Handoko ML, Schalij I, Fadel E, Postmus PE, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Humbert M, Eddahibi S, Sorriento D, Santulli G, Del Giudice C, Anastasio A, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Fazal L, Azibani F, Bihry N, Merval R, Polidano E, Samuel JL, Delcayre C, Zhang Y, Mi YM, Ren LL, Cheng YP, Guo R, Liu Y, Jiang YN, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Kokkinos AD, Cokkinos DV, Tretjakovs P, Jurka A, Bormane I, Mikelsone I, Reihmane D, Elksne K, Krievina G, Verbovenko J, Bahs G, Lopez-Andres N, Rousseau A, Calvier L, Akhtar R, Labat C, Cruickshank K, Diez J, Zannad F, Lacolley P, Rossignol P, Hamesch K, Subramanian P, Li X, Thiemann A, Heyll K, Dembowsky K, Chevalier E, Weber C, Schober A, Yang L, Kim G, Gardner B, Earley J, Hofmann-Bowman M, Cheng CF, Lian WS, Lin H, Jinjolia NJ, Abuladze GA, Tvalchrelidze SHT, Khamnagadaev I, Shkolnikova M, Kokov L, Miklashevich I, Drozdov I, Ilyich I, Bingen BO, Askar SFA, Ypey DL, Van Der Laarse A, Schalij MJ, Pijnappels DA, Roney CH, Ng FS, Chowdhury RA, Chang ETY, Patel PM, Lyon AR, Siggers JH, Peters NS, Obergrussberger A, Stoelzle S, Bruggemann A, Haarmann C, George M, Fertig N, Moreira D, Souza A, Valente P, Kornej J, Reihardt C, Kosiuk J, Arya A, Hindricks G, Adams V, Husser D, Bollmann A, Camelliti P, Dudhia J, Dias P, Cartledge J, Connolly DJ, Terracciano CM, Nobles M, Sebastian S, Tinker A, Opel A, Tinker A, Daimi H, Haj Khelil A, Be Chibani J, Barana A, Amoros I, Gonzalez De La Fuente M, Caballero R, Aranega A, Franco D, Kelly A, Bernus O, Kemi OJ, Myles RC, Ghouri IA, Burton FL, Smith GL, Del Lungo M, Sartiani L, Spinelli V, Baruscotti M, Difrancesco D, Mugelli A, Cerbai E, Thomas AM, Aziz Q, Khambra T, Tinker A, Addlestone JMA, Cartwright EJ, Wilkinson R, Song W, Marston S, Jacquet A, Mougenot NM, Lipskaia AJ, Paalberends ER, Stam K, Van Dijk SJ, Van Slegtenhorst M, Dos Remedios C, Ten Cate FJ, Michels M, Niessen HWM, Stienen GJM, Van Der Velden J, Read MI, Andreianova AA, Harrison JC, Goulton CS, Kerr DS, Sammut IA, Schwarzl M, Seiler S, Wallner M, Huber S, Steendijk P, Maechler H, Truschnig-Wilders M, Von Lewinski D, Pieske B, Post H, Kindsvater D, Saes M, Morano I, Muegge A, Jaquet K, Buyandelger B, Kostin S, Gunkel S, Vouffo J, Ng K, Chen J, Eilers M, Isaacson R, Milting H, Knoell R, Cattin ME, Crocini C, Schlossarek S, Maron S, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L, Bonne G, Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Olivotto I, Del Lungo M, Belardinelli L, Poggesi C, Mugelli A, Cerbai E, Leung MC, Messer AE, Copeland O, Marston SB, Mills AM, Collins T, O'gara P, Thum T, Regalla K, Lyon AR, Macleod KT, Harding SE, Rao C, Prodromakis T, Chaudhry U, Darzi A, Yacoub MH, Athanasiou T, Terracciano CM, Bogdanova A, Makhro A, Hoydal M, Stolen TO, Johnssen AB, Alves M, Catalucci D, Condorelli G, Koch LG, Britton SL, Smith GL, Wisloff U, Bito V, Claus P, Vermeulen K, Huysmans C, Ventura-Clapier R, Sipido KR, Seliuk MN, Burlaka AP, Sidorik EP, Khaitovych NV, Kozachok MM, Potaskalova VS, Driesen RB, Galan DT, Vermeulen K, Claus P, Sipido KR, De Paulis D, Arnoux T, Schaller S, Pruss RM, Poitz DM, Augstein A, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Schmeisser A, Strasser RH, Micova P, Balkova P, Hlavackova M, Zurmanova J, Kasparova D, Kolar F, Neckar J, Novak F, Novakova O, Pollard S, Babba M, Hussain A, James R, Maddock H, Alshehri AS, Baxter GF, Dietel B, Altendorf R, Daniel WG, Kollmar R, Garlichs CD, Sirohi R, Roberts N, Lawrence D, Sheikh A, Kolvekar S, Yap J, Arend M, Walkinshaw G, Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM, Posa A, Szabo R, Szalai Z, Szablics P, Berko MA, Orban K, Murlasits ZS, Balogh L, Varga C, Ku HC, Su MJ, Chreih RM, Ginghina C, Deleanu D, Ferreira ALBJ, Belal A, Ali MA, Fan X, Holt A, Campbell R, Schulz R, Bonanad C, Bodi V, Sanchis J, Morales JM, Marrachelli V, Nunez J, Forteza MJ, Chaustre F, Gomez C, Chorro FJ, Csont T, Fekete V, Murlasits Z, Aypar E, Bencsik P, Sarkozy M, Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Duerr GD, Zoerlein M, Dewald D, Mesenholl B, Schneider P, Ghanem A, Rittling S, Welz A, Dewald O, Duerr GD, Dewald D, Becker E, Peigney C, Ghanem A, Welz A, Dewald O, Bouleti C, Galaup A, Monnot C, Ghaleh B, Germain S, Timmermans A, Ginion A, De Meester C, Sakamoto K, Vanoverschelde JL, Horman S, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya N, Drozd E, Kukharenko L, Russkich I, Krachak D, Seljun Y, Ostrovski Y, Martin AC, Le Bonniec B, Lecompte T, Dizier B, Emmerich J, Fischer AM, Samama CM, Godier A, Mogensen S, Furchtbauer EM, Aalkjaer C, Choong WL, Jovanovic A, Khan F, Daniel JM, Dutzmann JM, Widmer-Teske R, Guenduez D, Sedding D, Castro MM, Cena JJC, Cho WJC, Goobie GG, Walsh MPW, Schulz RS, Daniel JM, Dutzmann J, Widmer-Teske R, Preissner KT, Sedding D, Aziz Q, Khambra T, Sones W, Thomas AM, Kotlikoff M, Tinker A, Serizawa K, Yogo K, Aizawa K, Hirata M, Tashiro Y, Ishizuka N, Varela A, Katsiboulas M, Tousoulis D, Papaioannou TG, Vaina S, Davos CH, Piperi C, Stefanadis C, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG, Hermenegildo C, Lazaro-Franco M, Sobrino A, Bueno-Beti C, Martinez-Gil N, Walther T, Peiro C, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Novella S, Ciccarelli M, Franco A, Sorriento D, Del Giudice C, Dorn GW, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Cseplo P, Torok O, Springo ZS, Vamos Z, Kosa D, Hamar J, Koller A, Bubb KJ, Ahluwalia A, Stepien EL, Gruca A, Grzybowska J, Goralska J, Dembinska-Kiec A, Stepien EL, Stolinski J, Grzybowska J, Goralska J, Partyka L, Gruca A, Dembinska-Kiec A, Zhang H, Sweeney D, Thomas GN, Fish PV, Taggart DP, Watt SM, Martin-Rendon E, Cioffi S, Bilio M, Martucciello S, Illingworth E, Caporali A, Shantikumar S, Marchetti M, Martelli F, Emanueli C, Marchetti M, Meloni M, Caporali A, Al Haj Zen A, Sala-Newby G, Emanueli C, Del Turco S, Saponaro C, Dario B, Sartini S, Menciassi A, Dario P, La Motta C, Basta G, Santiemma V, Bertone C, Rossi F, Michelon E, Bianco MJ, Castelli A, Shin DI, Seung KB, Seo SM, Park HJ, Kim PJ, Baek SH, Shin DI, Seung KB, Seo SM, Park HJ, Choi YS, Her SH, Kim DB, Kim PJ, Lee JM, Park CS, Rocchiccioli S, Cecchettini A, Pelosi G, Kusmic C, Citti L, Parodi O, Trivella MG, Michel-Monigadon D, Burger F, Dunoyer-Geindre S, Pelli G, Cravatt B, Steffens S, Didangelos A, Mayr U, Yin X, Stegemann C, Shalhoub J, Davies AH, Monaco C, Mayr M, Lypovetska S, Grytsenko S, Njerve IU, Pettersen AA, Opstad TB, Bratseth V, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I, Dumitriu IE, Baruah P, Antunes RF, Kaski JC, Forteza MJ, Bodi V, Trapero I, Benet I, Alguero C, Chaustre FJ, Gomez C, Sanchis J, Chorro FJ, Mangold A, Puthenkalam S, Distelmaier K, Adlbrecht C, Preissner KT, Lang IM, Koizumi T, Inoue I, Komiyama N, Nishimura S, Korneeva ON, Drapkina OM, Fornai L, Angelini A, Kiss A, Giskes F, Eijkel G, Fedrigo M, Valente ML, Thiene G, Heeren RMA, Vilahur G, Padro T, Casani L, Suades R, Badimon L, Bertoni B, Carminati R, Carlini V, Pettinari L, Martinelli C, Gagliano N, Noppe G, Buchlin P, Marquet N, Baeyens N, Morel N, Vanoverschelde JL, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S, Baysa A, Sagave J, Dahl CP, Gullestad L, Carpi A, Di Lisa F, Giorgio M, Vaage J, Valen G, Vafiadaki E, Papalouka V, Arvanitis DA, Terzis G, Spengos K, Kranias EG, Manta P, Sanoudou D, Gales C, Genet G, Dague E, Cazorla O, Payre B, Mias C, Ouille A, Lacampagne A, Pathak A, Senard JM, Abonnenc M, Da Costa Martins P, Srivastava S, Didangelos A, Yin X, Gautel M, De Windt L, Mayr M, Comelli L, Rocchiccioli S, Lande C, Ucciferri N, Trivella MG, Citti L, Cecchettini A, Ikonen L, Vuorenpaa H, Kujala K, Sarkanen JR, Heinonen T, Ylikomi T, Aalto-Setala K, Capros H, Sprincean N, Usurelu N, Egorov V, Stratu N, Matchkov V, Bouzinova E, Moeller-Nielsen N, Wiborg O, Aalkjaer C, Gutierrez PS, Aparecida-Silva R, Borges LF, Moreira LFP, Dias RR, Kalil J, Stolf NAG, Zhou W, Suntharalingam K, Brand N, Vilar Compte R, Ying L, Bicknell K, Dannoura A, Dash P, Brooks G, Tsimafeyeu I, Tishova Y, Wynn N, Oyeyipo IP, Olatunji LA, Maegdefessel L, Azuma J, Toh R, Raaz U, Merk DR, Deng A, Spin JM, Tsao PS, Lande C, Cecchettini A, Tedeschi L, Taranta M, Naldi I, Citti L, Trivella MG, Grimaldi S, Cinti C, Bousquenaud M, Maskali F, Poussier S, Marie PY, Boutley H, Karcher G, Wagner DR, Devaux Y, Torre I, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Iruretagoiena I, Gonzalez-Tendero A, Artigas D, Loza-Alvarez P, Gratacos E, Amat-Roldan I, Murray L, Carberry DM, Dunton P, Miles MJ, Suleiman MS, Kanesalingam K, Taylor R, Mc Collum CN, Parniczky A, Solymar M, Porpaczy A, Miseta A, Lenkey ZS, Szabados S, Cziraki A, Garai J, Koller A, Myloslavska I, Menazza SM, Canton MC, Di Lisa FDL, Schulz RS, Oliveira SHV, Morais CAS, Miranda MR, Oliveira TT, Lamego MRA, Lima LM, Goncharova NS, Naymushin AV, Kazimli AV, Moiseeva OM, Lima LM, Carvalho MG, Sabino AP, Mota APL, Sousa MO, Niessner A, Richter B, Hohensinner PJ, Rychli K, Zorn G, Berger R, Moertl D, Pacher R, Wojta J, Huelsmann M, Kukharchik G, Nesterova N, Pavlova A, Gaykovaya L, Krapivka N, Konstantinova I, Sichinava L, Prapa S, Mccarthy KP, Kilner PJ, Xu XY, Johnson MR, Ho SY. Poster session 2. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
14
|
Struffert T, Ott S, Saake M, Gölitz P, Engelhorn T, Kloska S, Deuerling-Zheng Y, Kollmar R, Dörfler A. Kann die Messung des zerebralen Blutvolumens (CBV) mittels Flach-Detektor-CT nach endovaskulärer Schlaganfall Therapie das definitive Infarktvolumen vorhersagen? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Kollmar R, Herrmann M, Stöckl T, Weinzierl U, Schwab S, Kornhuber J, Kalb R. Significant decreases of circulating endothelial cells but no changes of endothelial progenitor cells or mesenchymal stem cells during antidepressant treatment. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveWe examined leukocyte numbers, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+, CD133+), circulating mesenychmal stem cells (CD105+) and circulating endothelial cells (CD146+) at the beginning, after 4 weeks and at the end of an inpatient antidepressant treatment.Methods24 insufficiently pretreated inpatients with major depression were included. At admission, after four weeks and at demission blood samples were obtained, and cell numbers were counted by flow cytometric analysis (FACS). At each examination the severity of the depression was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We were especially interested in the changes of cell numbers during the antidepressant treatment. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 14.0.ResultsThe mean BDI score fell from 34 ± 7 at the beginning to 26.5 ± 6.6 after four weeks and 13.5 ± 5.7 at demission. The longer the overall duration of the depressive illness, the higher the number of leukocytes at admission (P < 0.0001). The lower the depression score at demission, the lower the final number of leukocytes (P < 0.001). During the antidepressant treatment the BDI depression score improved significantly (P < 0.0001). The number of CD146+ cells showed a significant decrease (P < 0.006). We did not find any significant changes of circulating CD34+, CD105+, or CD133+ cells during the antidepressant treatment.ConclusionsThe leukocyte results suggest an activation of the immune system in major depression and a deactivation due to antidepressant treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is very effective for the treatment of acute experimental brain injury. In contrast to other neuroprotective methods or pharmacological agents, TH represents the only clinically proven neuroprotective therapy. TH led to a decreased mortality rate and improved functional outcome in patients with cardiac arrest. Investigations in severe head trauma are inconclusive up to now. Other important indications such as ischemic stroke remain to be investigated properly. Recent phase II studies are on the way to test safety and feasibility in the early time window of stroke including thrombolysis. The recent article describes the status and perspectives including open questions for hypothermia in neurological intensive care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Neurologische Abteilung der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Steiner T, Griebe M, Ivandic B, Kollmar R, Pfefferkorn T, Poli S, Wartenberg K, Weimar C, Hennerici M. PO14-TU-05 INR normalization in patients with coumadin related intracranial haemorrhages – the INCH trial: a randomized controlled trial to compare safety and preliminary efficacy of fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex. J Neurol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(09)70888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Kollmar R. Therapeutische Kühlung beim Schlaganfall: Ergebnisse neuer Studien. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Kallmünzer B, Schwab S, Kollmar R. Fieberkontrolle auf der Stroke-Unit: Effekte eines einfachen Protokolls. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Kassner S, Kollmar R, Bonaterra G, Hildebrandt W, Schwab S, Kinscherf R. The early immunological response to acute ischemic stroke: Differential gene expression in subpopulations of mononuclear cells. Neuroscience 2009; 160:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Köhrmann M, Nowe T, Huttner HB, Engelhorn T, Struffert T, Kollmar R, Saake M, Doerfler A, Schwab S, Schellinger PD. Safety and outcome after thrombolysis in stroke patients with mild symptoms. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008; 27:160-6. [PMID: 19092237 DOI: 10.1159/000185607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombolytic therapy is frequently withheld in patients with minor stroke symptoms. However, recent studies demonstrate that a substantial proportion of these patients dies or remains permanently disabled because of underestimation of symptom severity at baseline or secondary deterioration. We aimed to assess the safety and outcome of thrombolysis therapy in patients with minor but disabling stroke symptoms. METHODS 32 patients presenting with mild symptoms were treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator between April 2006 and April 2008. Data were extracted from a prospectively collected database. Baseline demographic data, and clinical, laboratory and imaging findings were analyzed. Outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months and was dichotomized into favorable (mRS 0-1) versus unfavorable (mRS 2-6). RESULTS In the majority of patients, the left hemisphere was affected, with aphasia representing the most common symptom leading to treatment decision. The frequency of perfusion lesion (46%) and vessel occlusion (35%) at baseline was high but had no effect on the outcome at 3 months in our series of treated patients. Outcome was favorable in 94% of patients, and 47% recovered without any persisting symptom. Only one asymptomatic and no symptomatic hemorrhage was observed. CONCLUSION Our data support current guidelines and international licenses which give no lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) limit for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Considering the accumulating evidence that the natural course in patients with mild symptoms is not as favorable as often assumed and taking the low risk of bleeding in those patients into account, patients with mild but disabling symptoms should be treated with IVT regardless of their baseline NIHSS score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Köhrmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huttner B, Kanter C, Staykov D, Köhrmann M, Struffert T, Richter G, Bardutzky J, Kollmar R, Schellinger P, Dörfler A, Schwab S. Early administration of low molecular weight heparin after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a safety analysis. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
Kollmar R, Stark D, Schellinger P, Schwab S. Hypothermie und Dekompression nach großer intrazerebraler Blutung (HyDe-H) – erste Ergebnisse. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Recently, a number of developments in the acute management of stroke have necessitated active involvement of neurocritical care. This review focuses on the immediate care, including intensive care, that may make a difference to the patient outcome. Recent research, that highlights the importance of acute management of stroke in terms of thrombolysis, thrombolytic agents, decompressive surgery, and hypothermia, has been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kollmar R, Kassner S, Kinscherf R, Schwab S. Characterization of mononuclear cell response in the blood after acute ischaemic stroke – possible mechanisms for central nervous injury immune deficiency syndrome (CIDS). Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Schneider A, Krüger C, Steigleder T, Laage R, Kollmar R, Schwab S, Sommer C, Kuhn H, Schäbitz W. Neuronale Funktionen des hämatopoetischen Faktors G-CSF: anti-apoptotische und Neurogenese-induzierende Eigenschaften. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
27
|
Schäbitz W, Schneider A, Laage R, Bach A, Kollmar R, Schwab S, Fisher M, Hacke W, Ringelstein E. AXIS-AX 200 für die Behandlung des akuten ischämischen Schlaganfalls. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
28
|
Hähnel S, Kollmar R, Kress B. [Waller's degeneration of the pyramidal tract after ischemic stroke]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005; 177:1337-9. [PMID: 16170694 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-915964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
29
|
Schellinger PD, Kollmar R, Meyding-Lamadé UK, Fiebach JB, Hacke W. [Acute cerebral circulation problems]. Internist (Berl) 2005; 46:982-93. [PMID: 15971052 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-005-1449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute stroke is the third most common cause of death and also the most common cause of permanent disability in industrialized countries. Ischemic stroke is caused by occlusion of a cerebral artery leading to a critical reduction in brain perfusion in the respective brain area (penumbra). Most acute stroke treatment strategies are based on the penumbra concept: attaining rapid and persistent reperfusion is followed by the protection of critically ischemic and not yet infarcted (penumbral) tissue by, e.g., neuroprotection. Examination of the acute stroke patient includes a brief history, neurostatus and imaging (CT or MRI) for the exclusion of intracerebral hemorrhage. The diagnostic standard is CT; modern stroke MRI protocols provide an improved selection in later time windows. Intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA within 3 h of symptom onset is the only approved therapy with a proven significant benefit for the patient. The effect is smaller but still significant if treatment occurs up to 4.5 h, and may still be present in MRI selected patients up to 9 h. More aggressive forms of therapy include interventional reperfusion techniques and therapy of malignant MCA infarction such as hemicraniectomy and hypothermia, which at present, however, are not routine and are only performed in specialized centers.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kollmar R, Henninger N, Urbanek C, Schäbitz W, Schneider A, Schwab S. Effects of G-CSF in combination with rt-PA after experimental thromboembolic stroke. Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
31
|
Schäbitz WR, Berger C, Kollmar R, Seitz M, Tanay E, Kiessling M, Schwab S, Sommer C. Effect of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Treatment and Forced Arm Use on Functional Motor Recovery After Small Cortical Ischemia. Stroke 2004; 35:992-7. [PMID: 14988579 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000119754.85848.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Both the administration of growth factors and physical therapy such as forced arm use (FAU) are promising approaches to enhance recovery after stroke. We explored the effects of these therapies on behavioral recovery and molecular markers of regeneration after experimental ischemia. METHODS Rats were subjected to photothrombotic ischemia: sham (no ischemia), control (ischemia), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; ischemia plus BDNF, 20 microg), and FAU (ischemia plus FAU, 1-sleeve plaster cast ipsilateral limb). Animals survived 1 or 6 weeks and underwent behavioral testing (Rotarod, beam balance, adhesive removal, plantar test, neuroscore). After the rats were killed, brain sections were immunostained for semiquantitative analysis of MAP1B, MAP2, synaptophysin, GFAP expression, and quantification of infarct volumes. RESULTS Infarct volumes were not different between the groups 1 or 6 weeks after ischemia. BDNF-treated animals had better functional motor recovery (Rotarod, beam balance, neuroscore) compared with all other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant adverse effect of early FAU treatment on motor recovery, although sensorimotor function (adhesive removal test) was impaired (P<0.05). There were no differences between groups as measured by nociception of the left and right forepaw (plantar test). BDNF treatment transiently induced MAP1B expression in the ischemic border zone and synaptophysin expression within the contralateral cortex 6 weeks after ischemia (P<0.05). Both BDNF and FAU reduced astrogliosis compared with controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Postischemic intravenous BDNF treatment improves functional motor recovery after photothrombotic stroke and induces widespread neuronal remodeling. Early FAU treatment after stroke does not increase infarct size, impairs sensorimotor function, but leaves motor function unchanged. Postischemic astrogliosis was reduced by both treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-R Schäbitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Acute meningitis caused by Escherichia coli is a rare disease in adulthood. Medical procedures, e.g. surgical interventions, have been described as a cause. Infection by blood transmission of fecal E. coli is also known. We report a case of acute meningitis after transrectal prostate biopsy. E. coli could be identified both in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the blood culture. A broad initial antibiotic therapy was administered. After cultural isolation of E. coli the therapy was switched to cefotaxime. The initially comatose patient recovered swiftly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Meisel
- Neurologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schäbitz WR, Kollmar R, Schwaninger M, Juettler E, Bardutzky J, Schölzke MN, Sommer C, Schwab S. Neuroprotective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2003; 34:745-51. [PMID: 12624302 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000057814.70180.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The potential neuroprotective effect of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) after glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cell culture and after focal cerebral ischemia in rats was studied. We hypothesized the existence of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) as a main G-CSF effector on neurons, and immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and polymerase chain reaction were performed. The G-CSFR-mediated action was studied by activation of signal transducer(s) and activator(s) of transcription-3 (STAT3) in the periphery of the infarction. METHODS Neuroprotection of various G-CSF concentrations on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity was studied in cell culture. In vivo, ischemia was induced by use of a suture occlusion model of the middle cerebral artery (90-minute occlusion) in the rat. Thirty minutes after the induction of ischemia, the animals (n=12 per group) received G-CSF at 60 microg/kg body wt IV for 90 minutes or vehicle (saline). Infarct volume was calculated on the basis of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining 24 hours after ischemia. Expression of the G-CSFR was studied by immunohistochemistry and verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Expression of STAT3 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In cell culture, G-CSF exhibited a significant neuroprotective effect after glutamate-induced excitotoxicity (P<0.05). A G-CSF concentration of 10 ng/mL was maximally effective, resulting in a nearly complete protection. In vivo, G-CSF reduced infarct volume to 47% (132.0+/-112.7 mm3 versus 278.9+/-91.6 mm3 [P<0.05] in the control group). Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed the existence of G-CSFRs in neurons and glial cells. Animals treated with G-CSF significantly upregulated STAT3 in the periphery of the infarction compared with control animals (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS G-CSF achieved a significant neuroprotective effect in cell culture and after intravenous administration after stroke. Increased STAT3 expression in the penumbra of G-CSF-treated rats suggests mediation by G-CSFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-R Schäbitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kollmar R, Schellinger PD, Bardutzky J, Meisel F, Schwaninger M. [Myxedema coma as a rare differential diagnosis of severe consciousness disturbance]. Nervenarzt 2002; 73:1183-5. [PMID: 12486569 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-002-1393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Myxedema coma is a rare and life-threatening complication of untreated hypothyroidism. Therefore, it must be part of the differential diagnosis in comatose patients. We report one patient who presented with CO(2) narcosis,hypothermia, bradycardia,hyporeflexia, tetraparesis, ascitis, pleural effusions, and heart insufficiency. Examination of the CSF, cranial CT, MRI, and MR angiography were normal. In suspicion of myxedema coma,the patient was treated with high dose L-thyroxine and hydrocortisone for preventing secondary adrenal insufficiency. A fast clinical recovery, decreased T4 (7.2 ng/l) and T3 (0.93 ng/l), and increased TSH (20.19 mU/l) together with the following anamnesis of radio iodine therapy and insufficient thyroxine intake confirmed the diagnosis. In conclusion, treatment of the myxedema coma must be started as soon as the laboratory results are confirmatory, since its course depends on the time of initiation of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Neurologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kollmar R, Schäbitz WR, Heiland S, Georgiadis D, Schellinger PD, Bardutzky J, Schwab S. Neuroprotective effect of delayed moderate hypothermia after focal cerebral ischemia: an MRI study. Stroke 2002; 33:1899-904. [PMID: 12105372 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000019603.29818.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In contrast to early hypothermia, the effects of delayed hypothermia in focal cerebral ischemia have not been widely addressed. We examined the influence of delayed hypothermia on secondary ischemic injury, MRI lesion size, and neurological outcome after transient focal cerebral ischemia in a rat model. METHODS Rats (n=30) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, 120 minutes) by use of the intraluminal filament model. Animals of the treatment group (n=12) were exposed to whole-body hypothermia of 33 degrees C for 5 hours starting 3 hours after MCAO, whereas the control group (n=18) was kept at 37 degrees C throughout the whole experiment. The normothermia- and hypothermia-treated animals were investigated daily by using the Menzies neurological score. Serial MRI was performed 1, 3, and 6 hours after MCAO and on days 1, 2, 3, and 5. After the final MRI scan, the rats were euthanized, and brain slices were stained by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. RESULTS Delayed hypothermia resulted in a significant increase of survival rate and a significant improvement of the Menzies score. Moreover, a significant decrease in the extent of hyperintense volumes in T2-weighted scans and a reduction of cerebral edema as calculated from T2-weighted scans throughout the examination period were obvious. The extent of cerebral infarct volume and cerebral brain edema examined by MRI was consistent with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that even delayed postischemic hypothermia can reduce the extent of infarct volume and brain edema after transient focal cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schellinger PD, Fiebach J, Mohr A, Kollmar R, Schwarz S, Schäbitz WR, Sartor K, Hacke W. [Value of MRI in intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage]. Nervenarzt 2001; 72:907-17. [PMID: 11789434 DOI: 10.1007/s001150170002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 15% of all strokes. In hyperacute emergency assessment, CT is the diagnostic standard for differentiating between hyperacute ICH and ischemic stroke. At this stage, MRI is considered to be of little value for the diagnosis of ICH or subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH). We review the current literature and characterize the role of MRI in the diagnosis of ICH and SAH as well as hyperacute stroke in general: While MRI is considered superior to CT in the diagnosis of subacute and chronic ICH/SAH, in hyperacute ICH this is still a matter of debate. MRI signal characteristics of ICH depend on hemoglobin degradation. Deoxyhemoglobin is the MRI substrate for demonstration of blood due to its paramagnetic properties causing signal loss on susceptibility weighted images (T2*-WI). Preliminary data, however, suggest that the sensitivity of modern stroke MRI protocols is sufficiently high for hyperacute ICH and SAH and may render additional information with regard to the etiology of ICH or SAH. Further interest is focused on perihemorrhagic pathophysiologic processes, which may help to improve therapeutic decision making in patients with ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Schellinger
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg, Kopfklinik, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Georgiadis D, Schwarz S, Kollmar R, Schwab S. Endovascular cooling for moderate hypothermia in patients with acute stroke: first results of a novel approach. Stroke 2001; 32:2550-3. [PMID: 11692015 DOI: 10.1161/hs1101.097382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We undertook this study to evaluate the feasibility of inducing and maintaining moderate hypothermia with the use of endovascular rather than surface cooling. METHODS Six patients with severe acute ischemic stroke were treated with moderate hypothermia. This was induced and maintained by circulating temperature-adjusted normal saline in a closed-loop system entailing 3 balloons located near the tip of a central line, which dwelled in the inferior vena cava. RESULTS The mean+/-SD initial temperature of the patients was 37+/-1 degrees C (range, 35.5 degrees C to 38.4 degrees C). The pace of cooling was 1.4+/-0.6 degrees C/h, and target temperature was reached after 3+/-1 hours (range, 2 to 4.5 hours). During hypothermia, the maximal temperature observed was 33.4 degrees C, and the minimal temperature was 32.2 degrees C. Temperature deviations >0.2 degrees C or >0.3 degrees C were observed during 21% or 10% of the hours under hypothermia, respectively. Singultus was the only device-related complication encountered. Pulmonary infection, arterial hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, and thrombocytopenia were the most common side effects. CONCLUSIONS Induction and maintenance of hypothermia with an intravenous cooling device are feasible. The safety of this approach remains to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Georgiadis
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kollmar R, Nakamura SK, Kappler JA, Hudspeth AJ. Expression and phylogeny of claudins in vertebrate primordia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10196-201. [PMID: 11517306 PMCID: PMC56938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171325898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, the major transmembrane proteins of tight junctions, are members of the tetraspanin superfamily of proteins that mediate cellular adhesion and migration. Their functional importance is demonstrated by mutations in claudin genes that eliminate tight junctions in myelin and the testis, abolish Mg(2+) resorption in the kidney, and cause autosomal recessive deafness. Here we report that two paralogs among 15 claudin genes in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, are expressed in the otic and lateral-line placodes at their earliest stages of development. Related claudins in amphibians and mammals are expressed in a similar manner in vertebrate primordia such as sensory placodes, branchial arches, and limb buds. We also show that the claudin gene family may have expanded along the chordate stem lineage from urochordates to gnathostomes, in parallel with the elaboration of vertebrate characters. We propose that tight junctions not only form barriers in mature epithelia, but also participate in vertebrate morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schäbitz WR, Hoffmann TT, Heiland S, Kollmar R, Bardutzky J, Sommer C, Schwab S. Delayed neuroprotective effect of insulin-like growth factor-i after experimental transient focal cerebral ischemia monitored with mri. Stroke 2001; 32:1226-33. [PMID: 11340238 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.32.5.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) treatment has been shown to have trophic and neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo in different lesion models. IGF-I has potent neuroprotective effects after hypoxic-ischemic injury and global ischemia. The role of IGF-I in focal cerebral ischemia is only partially understood. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated, by applying MRI monitoring, whether a clinically relevant systemic administration of IGF-I can achieve a long-lasting neuroprotective effect. METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 1 hour by using the suture occlusion model. Animals then were intraventricularly treated with 33.33 microg IGF-I/d for 3 days (group A, the IGF-I group [n=13]; group B, the placebo group [n=14]) or subcutaneously treated with 200 microg IGF-I/d for 7 days (group D, the IGF-I group [n=10]; group E, the placebo group [n=10]). Groups C and F served as sham-operated controls (n=5 and n=3, respectively). Treatment was begun 30 minutes after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Subcutaneously treated animals underwent MRI studies (diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, and T2-weighted imaging) beginning 60 minutes after vessel occlusion at 6 hours and at days 1, 2, 5, and 7 after ischemia. The animals were weighed and neurologically assessed daily (rating scale ranged from 0, indicating no deficit, to 5, indicating death). On the third day (intraventricular trial) and on the seventh day (subcutaneous trial), animals were euthanized, and brain sections were stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. RESULTS The mean infarct volume was 52.9+/-25.2 mm(3) in intraventricularly treated animals versus 146.4+/-62.2 mm(3) in control animals (P<0.01) and 42.2+/-17.9 mm(3) in subcutaneously IGF-I-treated animals versus 73.1+/-38.1 mm(3) in control animals (P<0.05). Apparent diffusion coefficient-derived lesion volume at 60 minutes after occlusion was 40.4+/-23.7 mm(3) versus 38.3+/-19.3 mm(3) (P=NS), increased to 168.3+/-49.55 mm(3) versus 105.5+/-33.8 mm(3) (P<0.05) at 24 hours, and then decreased to 55.8+/-30.3 mm(3) versus 23.3+/-20.2 mm(3) (P<0.05) for control and IGF-I-treated animals, respectively. The T2-weighted-derived ischemic lesion volume at 24 hours after occlusion was 236+/-49.2 mm(3) versus 115.9+/-56.8 mm(3) (P<0.05) and decreased to 115.9+/-26.2 mm(3) versus 75.7+/-35.8 mm(3) (P<0.05) at day 7 for control and IGF-I-treated animals, respectively. The relative regional cerebral blood volume was reduced to 50% before reperfusion in all regions of interest except for region of interest 1 (vessel territory of anterior cerebral artery), recovered during reperfusion, but was not different between the control and the growth factor-treated group at any imaging time point. There was no significant difference in weight loss. There was less neurological deficit after ischemia in intraventricularly and subcutaneously IGF-I-treated animals compared with control animals (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Continuous treatment with intraventricularly and subcutaneously administered IGF-I achieved a long-lasting neuroprotective effect as early as 24 hours after ischemia as measured by MRI. Therefore, IGF-I may represent a new approach to the treatment of focal cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R Schäbitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The mechanosensitive hair bundles of vertebrate hair cells exhibit a remarkable variety of shapes. For a given location in a sensory epithelium, however, the shape and polarity of a hair bundle are specified precisely. Recent findings, in particular with analogous experimental systems of actin polymerization, suggest a model of hair-bundle morphogenesis whereby different Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate the initiation phase and the elongation phase of local actin-filament assembly at the hair cell's apical membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 314, New York, New York 10021-6399, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kollmar R, Fak J, Montgomery LG, Hudspeth AJ. Hair cell-specific splicing of mRNA for the alpha1D subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the chicken's cochlea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:14889-93. [PMID: 9405709 PMCID: PMC25133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that control tonic release of neurotransmitter from hair cells exhibit unusual electrophysiological properties: a low activation threshold, rapid activation and deactivation, and a lack of Ca2+-dependent inactivation. We have inquired whether these characteristics result from cell-specific splicing of the mRNA for the L-type alpha1D subunit that predominates in hair cells of the chicken's cochlea. The alpha1D subunit in hair cells contains three uncommon exons: one encoding a 26-aa insert in the cytoplasmic loop between repeats I and II, an alternative exon for transmembrane segment IIIS2, and a heretofore undescribed exon specifying a 10-aa insert in the cytoplasmic loop between segments IVS2 and IVS3. We propose that the alternative splicing of the alpha1D mRNA contributes to the unusual behavior of the hair cell's voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kollmar R, Montgomery LG, Fak J, Henry LJ, Hudspeth AJ. Predominance of the alpha1D subunit in L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of hair cells in the chicken's cochlea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:14883-8. [PMID: 9405708 PMCID: PMC25132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that effect tonic release of neurotransmitter from hair cells have unusual pharmacological properties: unlike most presynaptic Ca2+ channels, they are sensitive to dihydropyridines and therefore are L-type. To characterize these Ca2+ channels, we investigated the expression of L-type alpha1 subunits in hair cells of the chicken's cochlea. In PCRs with five different pairs of degenerate primers, we always obtained alpha1D products, but only once an alpha1C product and never an alpha1S product. A full-length alpha1D mRNA sequence was assembled from overlapping PCR products; the predicted amino acid sequence of the alpha1D subunit was about 90% identical to those of the mammalian alpha1D subunits. In situ hybridization confirmed that the alpha1D mRNA is present in hair cells. By using a quantitative PCR assay, we determined that the alpha1D mRNA is 100-500 times more abundant than the alpha1C mRNA. We conclude that most, if not all, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in hair cells contain an alpha1D subunit. Furthermore, we propose that the alpha1D subunit plays a hitherto undocumented role at tonic synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kollmar R, Sukow KA, Sponagle SK, Farnham PJ. Start site selection at the TATA-less carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase promoter. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:2252-7. [PMID: 7905000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase (CAD) gene from the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, starts at a single major site. We characterized the cis-acting elements that position RNA polymerase II at the correct start site in the CAD promoter. Sequence alignment showed that the CAD promoter lacks a TATA box, but contains a consensus initiator. Mutational analysis of the CAD promoter demonstrated that the sequences between -81 and +26 were sufficient for accurate and efficient transcription in vitro and in vivo; binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1 around -70 and -49 were necessary for transcriptional activity. The binding site at -49 directed initiation about 50 base pairs downstream. A ubiquitous activator protein, Honk, bound to the CAD promoter between -30 and -12, but did not participate in start site selection. The sequences around +1, which contain the consensus initiator, contributed to promoter activity; however, the presence of a consensus initiator in this region was neither necessary nor sufficient for transcription. We concluded from these results that the Sp1 binding site at -49 substituted for the missing TATA box and played a major role in start site selection at the CAD promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kollmar R, Sukow K, Sponagle S, Farnham P. Start site selection at the TATA-less carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase promoter. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- P J Farnham
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
RNA polymerase II initiates transcription at specific DNA sequences. Studies using sequence analysis and molecular genetics suggest a simple and universal model of start-site selection by RNA polymerase II. Two consensus sequences occur at fixed positions in promoters from higher eukaryotes and their viruses: the TATA box around -30 and the initiator at the start site of transcription. Both consensus sequences function as positioning elements that control site-specific initiation. As a first step during initiation, the basal transcription factor TFIID binds to the TATA box; regulatory transcription factors can tether TFIID bind to the TATA box; regulatory transcription factors can tether TFIID to promoters without a consensus TATA box. TFIID then directs the assembly of other basal transcription factors and RNA polymerase II into a preinitiation complex. Finally, RNA polymerase II searches for the best match to the initiator consensus about 30 base pairs downstream of the TATA box to select the exact start site. The transcriptional activity of a start-site sequence generally correlates with its similarity to the initiator consensus, suggesting that there is only one type of initiator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kollmar R, Lindstrom MJ, Farnham PJ. Heat sensitivity and Sp1 activation of complex formation at the Syrian hamster carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase promoter in vitro. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:385-91. [PMID: 1346130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the regulation of transcription of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing)/aspartate carbamoyltransferase/dihydroorotase (CAD) gene from the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, we developed a homologous in vitro transcription system on the basis of nuclear extract from Syrian hamster kidney cells. We optimized the reaction temperature and the concentrations of DNA template, KCl, and MgCl2 simultaneously with the response surface method and found an unusually low temperature optimum of 20 degrees C. We therefore investigated whether CAD transcription in vitro depended on a heat-labile component of nuclear extract. Preincubating extract alone at 30 degrees C reduced transcription from the CAD promoter but not from the major late promoter of adenovirus 2. The formation of stable initiation complexes at the CAD promoter was diminished in heat-treated extract; run-off transcripts, however, accumulated at the same rate as in untreated extract. The heat sensitivity of complex formation correlated with the heat sensitivity of DNA binding by transcription factor Sp1, which binds to two sites in the CAD promoter; moreover, both preformed initiation complexes and DNA-bound Sp1 were heat-resistant. Adding purified Sp1 to heat-treated extract restored complex formation. We propose that Sp1 activates CAD transcription by stabilizing initiation complexes at the CAD promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kollmar
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Farnham PJ, Kollmar R. Characterization of the 5' end of the growth-regulated Syrian hamster CAD gene. Cell Growth Differ 1990; 1:179-89. [PMID: 1982061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The carbamoylphosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamylase-dihydroorotase (CAD) gene encodes a tri-functional protein catalyzing the first three steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Studies correlating CAD gene expression with cellular proliferation indicate the importance of understanding the regulation of the CAD gene. As a first step, the structure of the promoter region of the Syrian hamster CAD gene has been determined. Sequence analysis of 1671 base pairs of DNA revealed that the CAD promoter region is very GC rich. Primer extension analysis indicated that the transcription initiation site of the CAD gene is downstream from two GC boxes (consensus binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1). There is no TATA box appropriately spaced upstream from the transcription initiation site. Using RNase protection mapping, S1 nuclease analysis, and comparison to consensus splice donor/acceptor sites, the 5' end of the CAD gene has been determined to consist of a 241-base pair first exon, a 187-base pair first intron, a 140-base pair second exon, and a second intron that extends at least three kilobase pairs. Using conditions optimized for this GC-rich promoter, accurate transcription can be achieved in vitro. Analysis of CAD promoter deletions indicated that sequences extending only 114 base pairs upstream and 225 base pairs downstream from the transcription initiation site are sufficient for accurate and efficient transcription in vitro. DNase I footprinting reactions using this promoter fragment have identified three regions that bind proteins in a HeLa nuclear extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Farnham
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | |
Collapse
|