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Escandón M, Valledor L, Lamelas L, Álvarez JM, Cañal MJ, Meijón M. Multiomics analyses reveal the central role of the nucleolus and its machinery during heat stress acclimation in Pinus radiata. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:2558-2573. [PMID: 38318976 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is causing rapid changes in mean annual temperature and more severe drought periods. These are major contributors of forest dieback, which is becoming more frequent and widespread. In this work, we investigated how the transcriptome of Pinus radiata changed during initial heat stress response and acclimation. To this end, we generated a high-density dataset employing Illumina technology. This approach allowed us to reconstruct a needle transcriptome, defining 12 164 and 13 590 transcripts as down- and up-regulated, respectively, during a time course stress acclimation experiment. Additionally, the combination of transcriptome data with other available omics layers allowed us to determine the complex inter-related processes involved in the heat stress response from the molecular to the physiological level. Nucleolus and nucleoid activities seem to be a central core in the acclimating process, producing specific RNA isoforms and other essential elements for anterograde-retrograde stress signaling such as NAC proteins (Pra_vml_051671_1 and Pra_vml_055001_5) or helicase RVB. These mechanisms are connected by elements already known in heat stress response (redox, heat-shock proteins, or abscisic acid-related) and with others whose involvement is not so well defined such as shikimate-related, brassinosteriods, or proline proteases together with their potential regulatory elements. This work provides a first in-depth overview about molecular mechanisms underlying the heat stress response and acclimation in P. radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Escandón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Lamelas
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jóse M Álvarez
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Girard O, Peeling P, Racinais S, Périard JD. Combining Heat and Altitude Training to Enhance Temperate, Sea-Level Performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:322-327. [PMID: 38237571 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposure to heat (ie, plasma volume expansion) or altitude (ie, increase in total hemoglobin mass), in conjunction with exercise, induces hematological adaptations that enhance endurance performance in each respective environment. Recently, combining heat and altitude training has become increasingly common for athletes preparing to compete in temperate, sea-level conditions. PURPOSE To review the physiological adaptations to training interventions combining thermal and hypoxic stimuli and summarize the implications for temperate, sea-level performance. Current Evidence: To date, research on combining heat and hypoxia has employed 2 main approaches: simultaneously combining the stressors during training or concurrently training in the heat and sleeping at altitude, sometimes with additional training in hypoxia. When environmental stimuli are combined in a training session, improvements in aerobic fitness and time-trial performance in temperate, sea-level conditions are generally similar in magnitude to those observed with heat, or altitude, training alone. Similarly, training in the heat and sleeping at altitude does not appear to provide any additional hematological or nonhematological benefits for temperate; sea-level performance relative to training in hot, hypoxic, or control conditions. CONCLUSIONS Current research regarding combined heat and altitude interventions does not seem to indicate that it enhances temperate, sea-level performance to a greater extent than "traditional" (heat or hypoxia alone) training approaches. A major challenge in implementing combined-stressor approaches lies in the uncertainty surrounding the prescription of dosing regimens (ie, exercise and environmental stress). The potential benefits of conducting heat and altitude exposure sequentially (ie, one after the other) warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Sébastien Racinais
- Environmental Stress Unit, CREPS Montpellier-Font Romeu, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Kan Y, Mu XR, Gao J, Lin HX, Lin Y. The molecular basis of heat stress responses in plants. Mol Plant 2023; 16:1612-1634. [PMID: 37740489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Global warming impacts crop production and threatens food security. Elevated temperatures are sensed by different cell components. Temperature increases are classified as either mild warm temperatures or excessively hot temperatures, which are perceived by distinct signaling pathways in plants. Warm temperatures induce thermomorphogenesis, while high-temperature stress triggers heat acclimation and has destructive effects on plant growth and development. In this review, we systematically summarize the heat-responsive genetic networks in Arabidopsis and crop plants based on recent studies. In addition, we highlight the strategies used to improve grain yield under heat stress from a source-sink perspective. We also discuss the remaining issues regarding the characteristics of thermosensors and the urgency required to explore the basis of acclimation under multifactorial stress combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Youshun Lin
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Bennett S, Tiollier E, Guibert E, Morales-Artacho A, Lalire P, Owens DJ, Morton JP, Brocherie F, Louis J. Environmental heat stress offsets adaptation associated with carbohydrate periodization in trained male triathletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1677-1689. [PMID: 37322619 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carbohydrate (CHO) intake periodization via the sleep low train low (SL-TL) diet-exercise model increases fat oxidation during exercise and may enhance endurance-training adaptation and performance. Conversely, training under environmental heat stress increases CHO oxidation, but the potential of combined SL-TL and heat stress to enhance metabolic and performance outcomes is unknown. METHODS Twenty-three endurance-trained males were randomly assigned to either control (n = 7, CON), SL-TL (n = 8, SLTemp ) or SL-TL + heat stress (n = 8, SLHeat ) groups and prescribed identical 2-week cycling training interventions. CON and SLTemp completed all sessions at 20°C, but SLHeat at 35°C. All groups consumed matched CHO intake (6 g·kg-1 ·day-1 ) but timed differently to promote low CHO availability overnight and during morning exercise in both SL groups. Submaximal substrate utilization was assessed (at 20°C), and 30-min performance tests (at 20 and 35°C) were performed Pre-, Post-, and 1-week post-intervention (Post+1). RESULTS SLTemp improved fat oxidation rates at 60% MAP (~66% VO2peak ) at Post+1 compared with CON (p < 0.01). Compared with SLTemp , fat oxidation rates were significantly lower in SLHeat at Post (p = 0.02) and Post+1 (p < 0.05). Compared with CON, performance was improved at Post in SLTemp in temperate conditions. Performance was not different between any groups or time points in hot conditions. CONCLUSION SL-TL enhanced metabolic adaptation and performance compared with CON and combined SL-TL and heat stress. Additional environmental heat stress may impair positive adaptations associated with SL-TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bennett
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Eve Tiollier
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Guibert
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Morales-Artacho
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Paul Lalire
- French Triathlon Federation (FFTri), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, Paris, France
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Périard JD, Girard O, Townsend N, Bourdon P, Cocking S, Ihsan M, Lacome M, Nichols D, Travers G, Wilson MG, Piscione J, Racinais S. Hematological Adaptations Following a Training Camp in Hot and/or Hypoxic Conditions in Elite Rugby Union Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1053-1061. [PMID: 37553108 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a training camp with heat and/or hypoxia sessions on hematological and thermoregulatory adaptations. METHODS Fifty-six elite male rugby players completed a 2-week training camp with 5 endurance and 5 repeated-sprint sessions, rugby practice, and resistance training. Players were separated into 4 groups: CAMP trained in temperate conditions at sea level, HEAT performed the endurance sessions in the heat, ALTI slept and performed the repeated sprints at altitude, and H + A was a combination of the heat and altitude groups. RESULTS Blood volume across all groups increased by 140 mL (95%CI, 42-237; P = .006) and plasma volume by 97 mL (95%CI 28-167; P = .007) following the training camp. Plasma volume was 6.3% (0.3% to 12.4%) higher in HEAT than ALTI (P = .034) and slightly higher in HEAT than H + A (5.6% [-0.3% to 11.7%]; P = .076). Changes in hemoglobin mass were not significant (P = .176), despite a ∼1.2% increase in ALTI and H + A and a ∼0.7% decrease in CAMP and HEAT. Peak rectal temperature was lower during a postcamp heat-response test in HEAT (0.3 °C [0.1-0.5]; P = .010) and H + A (0.3 °C [0.1-0.6]; P = .005). Oxygen saturation upon waking was lower in ALTI (3% [2% to 5%]; P < .001) and H + A (4% [3% to 6%]; P < .001) than CAMP and HEAT. CONCLUSION Although blood and plasma volume increased following the camp, sleeping at altitude impeded the increase when training in the heat and only marginally increased hemoglobin mass. Heat training induced adaptations commensurate with partial heat acclimation; however, combining heat training and altitude training and confinement during a training camp did not confer concomitant hematological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT,Australia
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Olivier Girard
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA,Australia
| | - Nathan Townsend
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha,Qatar
| | - Pitre Bourdon
- Department of Sport Science, ASPIRE, Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha,Qatar
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA,Australia
| | - Scott Cocking
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Department of Sport Science, ASPIRE, Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha,Qatar
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Mathieu Lacome
- Department of Research, Sport Laboratory, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sports (INSEP), Paris,France
- Department of Performance and Analytics, Parma Calcio, Parma,Italy
| | - David Nichols
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Gavin Travers
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Space Medicine Team, European Astronaut Center, Köln,Germany
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London,United Kingdom
| | - Julien Piscione
- Department of Research, Sport Laboratory, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sports (INSEP), Paris,France
| | - Sebastien Racinais
- Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
- Department of Research, Sport Laboratory, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sports (INSEP), Paris,France
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6
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Quan PQ, Li JR, Liu XD. Glucose Dehydrogenases-Mediated Acclimation of an Important Rice Pest to Global Warming. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10146. [PMID: 37373294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is posing a threat to animals. As a large group of widely distributed poikilothermal animals, insects are liable to heat stress. How insects deal with heat stress is worth highlighting. Acclimation may improve the heat tolerance of insects, but the underlying mechanism remains vague. In this study, the high temperature of 39 °C was used to select the third instar larvae of the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, an important insect pest of rice, for successive generations to establish the heat-acclimated strain (HA39). The molecular mechanism of heat acclimation was explored using this strain. The HA39 larvae showed stronger tolerance to 43 °C than the unacclimated strain (HA27) persistently reared at 27 °C. The HA39 larvae upregulated a glucose dehydrogenase gene, CmGMC10, to decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and increase the survival rate under heat stress. The HA39 larvae maintained a higher activity of antioxidases than the HA27 when confronted with an exogenous oxidant. Heat acclimation decreased the H2O2 level in larvae under heat stress which was associated with the upregulation of CmGMC10. The rice leaf folder larvae may acclimate to global warming via upregulating CmGMC10 to increase the activity of antioxidases and alleviate the oxidative damage of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Qi Quan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia-Rong Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Goods PS, Maloney P, Miller J, Jennings D, Fahey-Gilmour J, Peeling P, Galna B. Concurrent validity of the CORE wearable sensor with BodyCap temperature pill to assess core body temperature during an elite women's field hockey heat training camp. Eur J Sport Sci 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36939844 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2193953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWearable temperature sensors offer the potential to overcome several limitations associated with current laboratory- and field-based methods for core temperature assessment; however, their ability to provide accurate data at elevated core temperatures (Tc) has been questioned. Therefore, this investigation aimed to determine the concurrent validity of a wearable temperature sensor (CORE) compared to a reference telemetric temperature pill (BodyCAP) during a team-sport heat training camp prior to the 2020 Olympic Games. Female field hockey players (n = 19) in the Australian national squad completed 4 sessions in hot conditions where their temperature was monitored via CORE and BodyCAP. Concurrent validity of the wearable CORE device was determined with reference to the ingested BodyCAP pill. Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficients determined there was 'poor' agreement between devices during all sessions. Mean bias demonstrated that CORE underestimated Tc in all sessions (-0.06°C to -0.34°C), with wide mean 95% confidence intervals (±0.35°C to ±0.56°C). Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression lines illustrated a non-linearity of error, with greater underestimation of Tc by the CORE device, as Tc increased. The two devices disagreed more than ±0.3°C for 41-60% of all data samples in each session. Our findings do not support the use of the CORE device as a valid alternative to telemetric temperature pills for Tc assessment, particularly during exercise in hot conditions where elevated Tc are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sr Goods
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, School of Allied Health, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Peta Maloney
- REST Hub, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Joanna Miller
- REST Hub, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Denise Jennings
- Hockey Australia High Performance Program, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Peter Peeling
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brook Galna
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, School of Allied Health, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Siquier-Coll J, Bartolomé I, Pérez-Quintero M, Toro-Román V, Grijota FJ, Maynar-Mariño M. Heart Rate and Body Temperature Evolution in an Interval Program of Passive Heat Acclimation at High Temperatures (100 ± 2 °C) in a Sauna. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2082. [PMID: 36767447 PMCID: PMC9916041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat exposure provokes stress on the human body. If it remains constant, it leads to adaptations such as heat acclimation. This study aims to observe the evolution of heart rate (HR), core temperature (Tcore), and skin temperature (Tskin) in an intervallic program of exposure to extreme heat. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers were divided into a control group (CG; n = 14) and an experimental group (EG; n = 15). EG experienced nine sessions (S) of intervallic exposure to high temperatures (100 ± 2 °C), whereas CG was exposed to ambient temperatures (22 ± 2 °C). HR, Tskin, and Tcore were monitored in S1, 4, 5, 8, and 9. An important increase in HR occurred in the S4 compared to the rest (p < 0.05) in EG. A lower HR was discovered in S8 and S9 compared to S4 and in S9 in relation to S1 (p < 0.05) in EG. EG experiences a gradual decrease in Tcore and Tskin, which was detected throughout the assessments, although it was only significant in the S8 and S9 (p < 0.05). Interval exposure to heat at 100 ± 2 °C elicits stress on the human organism, fundamentally increasing Tcore, Tskin, and FC. This recurring stress in the full program caused a drop in the thermoregulatory response as an adaptation or acclimation to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Siquier-Coll
- SER Research Group, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Comillas Pontifical University, Costa de Saragossa 16, 07013 Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mario Pérez-Quintero
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Grijota
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
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Horowitz M, Hasin Y. Vascular compliance and left ventricular compliance cross talk: Implications for using long-term heat acclimation in cardiac care. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1074391. [PMID: 36960151 PMCID: PMC10027724 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1074391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
1) The first evidence of the beneficial impact of Long-Term-Heat-Acclimation (LTHA) on cardio-vascular compliance was the positive inotropic response and improved left ventricular (LV) compliance noted when isolated hearts from LTHA rats were studied. Human echo study demonstrates that passive HA affects the right ventricle and the atria as well. 2) There is a cross-talk between vascular and cardiac compliance. Vascular compliance per se is defined by central venous pressure-Blood volume relationship-Global Vascular Compliance (GVC). It is determined by the sum of the vascular compliance of the vessels in every organ in any physiological state, varies with LTHA and thus influences cardiac performance. LTHA improves endothelial function, increases NO (nitric oxide) production, in-turn stimulating alterations in ECM (extracellular matrix) via the TGF β1-SMAD pathway. 3) LTHA is associated with transformation from fast to slow myosin, heat acclimation ischemic/hypoxic cross-tolerance and alterations in the extracellular matrix. 4) A human translational study demonstrated improved LV compliance following bypass surgery in LTHA subjects compared to controls. 5) Diastolic dysfunction and the impact of comorbidities with vascular and non- vascular origins are major contributors to the syndrome of heart failure with preserved ejection function (HFPEF). Unfortunately, there is a paucity of treatment modalities that improve diastolic dysfunction. 6) In the current mini-review we suggest that LTHA may be beneficial to HFPEF patients by remodeling cardiac compliance and vascular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Michal Horowitz,
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Sumi D, Nagatsuka H, Matsuo K, Okazaki K, Goto K. The Impact of Heat Acclimation on Gastrointestinal Function following Endurance Exercise in a Hot Environment. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36615873 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of heat acclimation on gastrointestinal (GI) damage and the gastric emptying (GE) rate following endurance exercise in a hot environment. Fifteen healthy men were divided into two groups: endurance training in hot (HOT, 35 °C, n = 8) or cool (COOL, 18 °C, n = 7) environment. All subjects completed 10 days of endurance training (eight sessions of 60 min continuous exercise at 50% of the maximal oxygen uptake (V·O2max). Subjects completed a heat stress exercise tests (HST, 60 min exercise at 60% V·O2max) to evaluate the plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) level and the GE rate following endurance exercise in a hot environment (35 °C) before (pre-HST) and after (post-HST) the training period. We assessed the GE rate using the 13C-sodium acetate breath test. The core temperature during post-HST exercise decreased significantly in the HOT group compared to the pre-HST (p = 0.004) but not in the COOL group. Both the HOT and COOL groups showed exercise-induced plasma I-FABP elevations in the pre-HST (p = 0.002). Both groups had significantly attenuated exercise-induced I-FABP elevation in the post-HST. However, the reduction of exercise-induced I-FABP elevation was not different significantly between both groups. GE rate following HST did not change between pre- and post-HST in both groups, with no significant difference between two groups in the post-HST. Ten days of endurance training in a hot environment improved thermoregulation, whereas exercise-induced GI damage and delay of GE rate were not further attenuated compared with training in a cool environment.
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Liu S, Wen D, Feng C, Yu C, Gu Z, Wang L, Zhang Z, Li W, Wu S, Liu Y, Duan C, Zhuang R, Xue L. Alteration of gut microbiota after heat acclimation may reduce organ damage by regulating immune factors during heat stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1114233. [PMID: 36910226 PMCID: PMC9995595 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heat-related illnesses can lead to morbidity, which are anticipated to increase frequency with predictions of increased global surface temperatures and extreme weather events. Although heat acclimation training (HAT) could prevent heat-related diseases, the mechanisms underlying HAT-promoting beneficial changes in organ function, immunity, and gut microbes remain unclear. Methods In the current study, we recruited 32 healthy young soldiers and randomly divided them into 4 teams to conduct HATs for 10 days: the equipment-assisted training team at high temperature (HE); the equipment-assisted training team under normal hot weather (NE); the high-intensity interval training team at high temperature (HIIT), and the control team without training. A standard heat tolerance test (HTT) was conducted before (HTT-1st) and after (HTT-2nd) the training to judge whether the participants met the heat acclimation (HA) criteria. Results We found that the participants in both HE and NE teams had significantly higher acclimation rates (HA/total population) than whom in the HIIT team. The effects of HAT on the participants of the HE team outperformed that of the NE team. In the HA group, the differences of physiological indicators and plasma organ damage biomarkers (ALT, ALP, creatinine, LDH, α-HBDH and cholinesterase) before and after HTT-2nd were significantly reduced to those during HTT-1st, but the differences of immune factors (IL-10, IL-6, CXCL2, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL11) elevated. The composition, metabolism, and pathogenicity of gut microbes changed significantly, with a decreased proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella and Lactococcus) and increased probiotics (Dorea, Blautia, and Lactobacillus) in the HA group. Training for a longer time in a high temperature and humidity showed beneficial effects for intestinal probiotics. Conclusion These findings revealed that pathogenic gut bacteria decrease while probiotics increase following HA, with elevated immune factors and reduced organ damage during heat stress, thereby improving the body's heat adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshou Liu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongqing Wen
- Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Feng
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoping Yu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao Gu
- Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yitian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihao Xue
- Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Dennis MC, Goods PSR, Binnie MJ, Girard O, Wallman KE, Dawson BT, Peeling P. Taking the plunge: When is best for hot water immersion to complement exercise in heat and hypoxia. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:2055-2061. [PMID: 36263975 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2133390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This investigation assessed the psycho-physiological and performance effects of hot water immersion (HWI) implemented either before or after a repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) session conducted in the heat. Ten participants completed three RSH trials (3 × 10 × 5-s sprints), conducted at 40°C and simulated altitude of 3000 m. A 30-min monitoring period preceded and followed all exercise sessions. In PRE, the pre-exercise period was HWI, and the post-exercise period was seated rest in temperate conditions. This combination was reversed in POST. In CON, participants were seated in temperate conditions for both periods. Compared to CON, PRE elicited a reduction in power output during each repeated-sprint set (14.8-16.2%, all p < 0.001), and a significantly higher core temperature (Tc) during the pre-exercise period and throughout the exercise session (p < 0.001 and p = 0.025, respectively). In POST, power output and Tc until the end of exercise were similar to CON, with Tc higher at the conclusion of the post-exercise period (p < 0.001). Time across the entire protocol spent ≥38.5°C Tc was significantly longer in PRE (48.1 ± 22.5 min) than POST (31.0 ± 11.3 min, p = 0.05) and CON (15.8 ± 16.3 min, p < 0.001). Employing HWI following RSH conducted in the heat provides effective outcomes regarding physiological strain and cycling performance when compared to pre-exercise or no HWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles C Dennis
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia, 6009.,Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, WA, Australia, 6010
| | - Paul S R Goods
- Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, WA, Australia, 6010.,Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, WA, Australia, 6150.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia, 6150
| | - Martyn J Binnie
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia, 6009.,Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, WA, Australia, 6010
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia, 6009
| | - Karen E Wallman
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia, 6009
| | - Brian T Dawson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia, 6009
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia, 6009.,Department of Physiology, Western Australian Institute of Sport, WA, Australia, 6010
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13
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Sekiguchi Y, Benjamin CL, Manning CN, Butler CR, Szymanski MR, Filep EM, Stearns RL, Distefano LJ, Lee EC, Casa DJ. Using Predictive Modeling Technique to Assess Core Temperature Adaptations from Heart Rate, Sweat Rate, and Thermal Sensation in Heat Acclimatization and Heat Acclimation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13009. [PMID: 36293588 PMCID: PMC9602154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the adaptation of rectal temperature (Trec) is critical following heat acclimatization (HAz) and heat acclimation (HA) because it is associated with exercise performance and safety; however, more feasible and valid methods need to be identified. The purpose of this study was to predict adaptations in Trec from heart rate (HR), sweat rate (SR), and thermal sensation (TS) using predictive modeling techniques. Twenty-five male endurance athletes (age, 36 ± 12 y; VO2max, 57.5 ± 7.0 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1) completed three trials consisting of 60 min running at 59.3 ± 1.7% vVO2max in a hot environment. During trials, the highest HR and TS, SR, and Trec at the end of trials were recorded. Following a baseline trial, participants performed HAz followed by a post-HAz trial and then completed five days HA, followed by a post-HA trial. A decision tree indicated cut-points of HR (<-13 bpm), SR (>0.3 L·h-1), and TS (≤-0.5) to predict lower Trec. When two or three variables met cut-points, the probability of accuracy of showing lower Trec was 95.7%. Greater adaptations in Trec were observed when two or three variables met cut-points (-0.71 ± 0.50 °C) compared to one (-0.13 ± 0.36 °C, p < 0.001) or zero (0.0 3 ± 0.38 °C, p < 0.001). Specificity was 0.96 when two or three variables met cut-points to predict lower Trec. These results suggest using heart rate, sweat rate, and thermal sensation adaptations to indicate that the adaptations in Trec is beneficial following heat adaptations, especially in field settings, as a practical and noninvasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, 3204 Main Street, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Courteney L. Benjamin
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
| | - Ciara N. Manning
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cody R. Butler
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Michael R. Szymanski
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Erica M. Filep
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Military Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Stearns
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lindsay J. Distefano
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Elaine C. Lee
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Douglas J. Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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14
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Guo PL, Guo ZQ, Liu XD. Cuticular protein genes involve heat acclimation of insect larvae under global warming. Insect Mol Biol 2022; 31:519-532. [PMID: 35403301 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins (CPs) play important roles in insect growth and development. However, it is unknown whether CPs are related to heat tolerance. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a serious pest of rice, occurs in summer and exhibits strong adaptability to high temperature, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the role of CP genes in heat acclimation was studied. Heat tolerance of the heat-acclimated larvae was significantly stronger than the unacclimated larvae. The cuticular protein content in the heat-acclimated larvae was higher than that of the unacclimated larvae. 191 presumed CP genes of C. medinalis (CmCPs) were identified. Expression patterns of 14 CmCPs were different between the heat acclimated (S39) and unacclimated (S27) larvae under heat stress. CmCPs were specifically expressed in epidermis and the head except CmCPR20 mainly expressed in Malpighian tubules. CmCPR20 was upregulated in S39 while downregulated in S27, but CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 were upregulated in S27 and downregulated in S39. RNAi CmTweedle1 or CmCPG1 remarkably decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the heat-acclimated larvae but not the unacclimated larvae. RNAi CmCPR20 decreased heat tolerance and cuticular protein content of the unacclimated larvae but not the heat-acclimated larvae. CmTweedle1 and CmCPG1 genes involve heat acclimation of C. medinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Long Guo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Qian Guo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Goto H, Nakashima M, Nakashima H, Noguchi M, Imakiire T, Oshima N, Kinoshita M, Kumagai H. Heat acclimation ameliorated heat stress-induced acute kidney injury and prevented changes in kidney macrophages and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F243-F254. [PMID: 35796461 PMCID: PMC9394728 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00065.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), which reportedly progresses to chronic kidney disease. Kidney macrophages may be involved in such injury. Although heat acclimation (HA) provides thermal resilience, its renoprotective effect and mechanism remain unclear. To investigate heat stress-induced kidney injuries in mice and the mitigating effect of HA on them, male C57/BL6J mice were exposed to heat stress (40℃, 1 h), with or without 5-day HA (38℃, 3 h/day) prior to heat stress. Heat stress damaged kidney proximal tubules with elevation of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Kidney fibrosis was observed on day 7 and correlated with the urinary KIM-1 levels on day 3. Kidney resident macrophages decreased on day 1, whereas the number of infiltrating macrophages in the kidney did not change. Both subsets of macrophages polarized to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype on day 1; however, they polarized to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype on day 7. HA significantly ameliorated heat stress-induced proximal tubular damage and kidney fibrosis. HA substantially increased heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in the tubules before heat stress and reduced an elevation of cleaved caspase-3 expression after heat stress. HA also induced the Hsp70 expression of resident macrophages and prevented heat stress-induced changes in both subsets of kidney macrophages. These results provide pathophysiological data supporting the renoprotective effect of HA. Further studies are needed to confirm that HA can prevent kidney damage due to heat stress in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Goto
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imakiire
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kumagai
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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16
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Alabdulwahed S, Galán-López N, Hill T, James LJ, Chrismas BCR, Racinais S, Stellingwerff T, Leal DV, Hausen M, Chamari K, Fullagar HHK, Esh C, Taylor L. Heat Adaptation and Nutrition Practices: Athlete and Practitioner Knowledge and Use. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1011-24. [PMID: 35338104 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To survey elite athletes and practitioners to identify (1) knowledge and application of heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA) interventions, (2) barriers to HA application, and (3) nutritional practices supporting HA. METHODS Elite athletes (n = 55) and practitioners (n = 99) completed an online survey. Mann-Whitney U tests (effect size [ES; r]) assessed differences between ROLE (athletes vs practitioners) and CLIMATE (hot vs temperate). Logistic regression and Pearson chi-square (ES Phi [ϕ]) assessed relationships. RESULTS Practitioners were more likely to report measuring athletes' core temperature (training: practitioners 40% [athletes 15%]; P = .001, odds ratio = 4.0, 95% CI, 2%-9%; competition: practitioners 25% [athletes 9%]; P = .020, odds ratio = 3.4, 95% CI, 1%-10%). Practitioners (55% [15% athletes]) were more likely to perceive rectal as the gold standard core temperature measurement site (P = .013, ϕ = .49, medium ES). Temperate (57% [22% hot]) CLIMATE dwellers ranked active HA effectiveness higher (P < .001, r = .30, medium ES). Practitioners commonly identified athletes' preference (48%), accessibility, and cost (both 47%) as barriers to HA. Increasing carbohydrate intake when training in the heat was more likely recommended by practitioners (49%) than adopted by athletes (26%; P = .006, 95% CI, 0.1%-1%). Practitioners (56% [28% athletes]) were more likely to plan athletes' daily fluid strategies, adopting a preplanned approach (P = .001; 95% CI, 0.1%-1%). CONCLUSIONS Practitioners, and to a greater extent athletes, lacked self-reported key HA knowledge (eg, core temperature assessment/monitoring methods) yet demonstrated comparatively more appropriate nutritional practices (eg, hydration).
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17
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Jhan PK, Lee KY. Developing extreme heat acclimation in Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2022; 110:e21890. [PMID: 35322468 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) is a highly invasive cryptic species complex found in the world's tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. It is a severe pest of various crops and a vector of plant pathogenic viruses, particularly geminiviruses. Thermal acclimation of insects is a critical for the survival in unfavorable temperature condition. We observed that great survival rate of B. tabaci MED at the uncontrolled greenhouse which had fluctuating temperature condition (FTC) from 10°C to 60°C in spring and summer season. Our study showed that while B. tabaci MED reared under FTC for 10 weeks from April to June, its survival rate was gradually increased when heat shock was treated 50°C for 0.5 h. In contrast, the same heat shock treatment was lethal in the colony reared under constant temperature condition (CTC) at the controlled insectary. After being acclimated, the lethal temperatures LT50 , LT95 , and LT100 under CTC were 47.7°C, 50.1°C, and 50.3°C, whereas those under FTC were 59.8°C, 62.7°C, and 63.0°C, respectively. In addition, we observed that the transcript levels of three investigated heat shock protein (HSP) genes (hsp20, hsp70, and hsp90) were lower under FTC than under CTC. This study suggests that B. tabaci MED retains high heat acclimation ability, making it tolerant of extreme thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Kanti Jhan
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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18
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Henderson MJ, Chrismas BCR, Fransen J, Coutts AJ, Taylor L. Responses to a 5-Day Sport-Specific Heat Acclimatization Camp in Elite Female Rugby Sevens Athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022;:1-10. [PMID: 35303714 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the physiological (resting core temperature, exercising heart rate, and sweat rate) and psychophysical (rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort) responses to a short-term heat acclimatization (HA) training camp in elite female rugby sevens athletes. METHODS Nineteen professional female rugby sevens athletes participated in a 5-day HA camp in Darwin, Australia (training average: 32.2°C and 58% relative humidity). Training involved normal team practice prescribed by appropriate staff. Markers of physiological and psychophysical adaptations to HA were collected at various stages during the camp. Partial eta-squared effect sizes (from linear mixed-effects models), rank-biserial correlations (from Freidman tests), and P values were used to assess changes across the protocol. RESULTS Resting core temperature did not significantly change. Exercising heart rate showed a large and significant reduction from day 1 to day 5 (175 [13] vs 171 [12] beats·min-1), as did sweat rate (1.1 [0.3] vs 1.0 [0.2] L·h-1). Thermal sensation showed a large and significant reduction between day 1 and day 5 (median [interquartile range] = 5 [5-5.5] vs 4.5 [4-5]). Changes in rating of perceived exertion and thermal comfort were unclear. CONCLUSIONS Beneficial cardiovascular adaptations were observed simultaneously across a full squad of elite female rugby sevens players (without expensive facilities/equipment or modifying training content). However, beneficial changes in resting core temperature, sweat rate, and thermal/effort perceptions likely require a greater thermal impulse. These data contribute to the development of evidence-informed practice for minimal effective HA doses in female team-sport athletes, who are underrepresented in the current research.
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19
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Kissling LS, Akerman AP, Campbell HA, Prout JR, Gibbons TD, Thomas KN, Cotter JD. A crossover control study of three methods of heat acclimation on the magnitude and kinetics of adaptation. Exp Physiol 2021; 107:337-349. [PMID: 34957632 DOI: 10.1113/ep089993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS Central question to the study? Are primary indices of heat adaptation (e.g., expansion of plasma volume and reduction in resting core temperature) differentially affected by the three major modes of short-term heat acclimation, i.e., exercise in the heat, hot water immersion and sauna? Main finding and its importance? The three modes elicited typical adaptations expected with short-term heat acclimation, however these were not significantly different between modes. This comparison has not previously been done and highlights that individuals can expect similar adaptation to heat regardless of the mode used. ABSTRACT Heat acclimation (HA) can improve heat tolerance and cardiovascular health. The mode of HA potentially impacts the magnitude and time course of adaptations, but almost no comparative data exist. We therefore investigated adaptive responses to three common modes of HA, particularly with respect to plasma volume. Within a crossover repeated-measures design, 13 physically-active participants (5 female) undertook four, 5-d HA regimes (60 min/d) in randomised order, separated by ≥4 wk. Rectal temperature (Tre ) was clamped at neutrality via 36.6C (thermoneutral) water immersion (TWI; i.e., control condition), or raised by 1.5°C via heat stress in 40°C water (HWI), Sauna (55°C, 52% RH), or exercise in humid heat (40°C, 52% RH; ExH). Adaptation magnitude was assessed as the pooled response across days 4 to 6, while kinetics was assessed via the 6-d time series. Plasma volume expansion was similar in all heated conditions but only higher than TWI in ExH (by 4%, p = 0.036). Approximately two thirds of the expansion was attained within the initial 24 h and was moderately related to that present on day 6, regardless of HA mode (r = 0.560-0.887). Expansion was mediated by conservation of both sodium and albumin content, with little evidence for these having differential roles between modes (p = 0.706 and 0.320, respectively). Resting Tre decreased by 0.1-0.3°C in all heated conditions, and SBP decreased by 4 mm Hg, but not differentially between conditions (p≥0.137). In conclusion, HA mode did not substantially affect the magnitude or rate of adaptation in key resting markers of short-term HA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S Kissling
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ashley P Akerman
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Holly A Campbell
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jamie R Prout
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Travis D Gibbons
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kate N Thomas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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Søberg S, Löfgren J, Philipsen FE, Jensen M, Hansen AE, Ahrens E, Nystrup KB, Nielsen RD, Sølling C, Wedell-Neergaard AS, Berntsen M, Loft A, Kjær A, Gerhart-Hines Z, Johannesen HH, Pedersen BK, Karstoft K, Scheele C. Altered brown fat thermoregulation and enhanced cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy, winter-swimming men. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100408. [PMID: 34755128 PMCID: PMC8561167 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Scandinavian winter-swimming culture combines brief dips in cold water with hot sauna sessions, with conceivable effects on body temperature. We study thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) in experienced winter-swimming men performing this activity 2–3 times per week. Our data suggest a lower thermal comfort state in the winter swimmers compared with controls, with a lower core temperature and absence of BAT activity. In response to cold, we observe greater increases in cold-induced thermogenesis and supraclavicular skin temperature in the winter swimmers, whereas BAT glucose uptake and muscle activity increase similarly to those of the controls. All subjects demonstrate nocturnal reduction in supraclavicular skin temperature, whereas a distinct peak occurs at 4:30–5:30 a.m. in the winter swimmers. Our data leverage understanding of BAT in adult human thermoregulation, suggest both heat and cold acclimation in winter swimmers, and propose winter swimming as a potential strategy for increasing energy expenditure. Winter swimmers have a lower core temperature at a thermal comfort state than controls Winter swimmers had no BAT glucose uptake at a thermal comfort state Winter swimmers have higher cold-induced thermogenesis than control subjects Human supraclavicular skin temperature varies with a diurnal rhythm
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Søberg
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Johan Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Frederik E Philipsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michal Jensen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Esben Ahrens
- Department of Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristin B Nystrup
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Rune D Nielsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christine Sølling
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Marianne Berntsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Annika Loft
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Helle H Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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21
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Yamaguchi N. Heat memory in plants: histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and miRNA accumulation alter heat memory gene expression. Genes Genet Syst 2021; 96:229-235. [PMID: 34526427 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.21-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant adaptation to high temperature, often referred to as heat acclimation, is a process in which exposure to moderately high temperatures increases a plant's tolerance to subsequent (normally) lethal high temperatures. Plants store heat experience information (heat memory) obtained from previous exposure to high temperatures for several days and develop future temperature responsiveness. However, our understanding of heat acclimation is very limited. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, changes in the expression patterns of heat memory genes play a central role in regulating plant survival and adaptation to recurring heat stress. Heat stress-related transcription factors and histone-modifying enzymes function in the sensitized expression of heat memory genes via the deposition and removal of histone modifications. Chromatin-remodeling complexes and miRNA accumulation also trigger the sustained expression of heat memory genes. In this review, I describe studies of heat acclimation that have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms that lead to flexible and reversible gene expression upon heat stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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22
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Tardo-Dino PE, Taverny C, Siracusa J, Bourdon S, Baugé S, Koulmann N, Malgoyre A. Effect of heat acclimation on metabolic adaptations induced by endurance training in soleus rat muscle. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14686. [PMID: 34405575 PMCID: PMC8371354 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic training leads to well‐known systemic metabolic and muscular alterations. Heat acclimation may also increase mitochondrial muscle mass. We studied the effects of heat acclimation combined with endurance training on metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle. Thirty‐two rats were divided into four groups: control (C), trained (T), heat‐acclimated (H), and trained with heat acclimation (H+T) for 6 weeks. Soleus muscle metabolism was studied, notably by the in situ measurement of mitochondrial respiration with pyruvate (Pyr) or palmitoyl‐coenzyme A (PCoA), under phosphorylating conditions (V˙max) or not (V˙0). Aerobic performance increased, and retroperitoneal fat mass decreased with training, independently of heat exposure (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Citrate synthase and hydroxyl‐acyl‐dehydrogenase activity increased with endurance training (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), without any effect of heat acclimation. Training induced an increase of the V˙0 and V˙max for PCoA (p < .001 and p < .01, respectively), without interference with heat acclimation. The training‐induced increase of V˙0 (p < 0.01) for pyruvate oxidation was limited when combined with heat acclimation (−23%, p < 0.01). Training and heat acclimation independently increased the V˙max for pyruvate (+60% p < 0.001 and +50% p = 0.01, respectively), without an additive effect of the combination. Heat acclimation doubled the training effect on muscle glycogen storage (p < 0.001). Heat acclimation did not improve mitochondrial adaptations induced by endurance training in the soleus muscle, possibly limiting the alteration of carbohydrate oxidation while not facilitating fatty‐acid utilization. Furthermore, the increase in glycogen storage observed after HA combined with endurance training, without the improvement of pyruvate oxidation, appears to be a hypoxic metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Cindy Taverny
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Stéphanie Bourdon
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Stéphane Baugé
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
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23
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Dikaya V, El Arbi N, Rojas-Murcia N, Nardeli SM, Goretti D, Schmid M. Insights into the role of alternative splicing in plant temperature response. J Exp Bot 2021:erab234. [PMID: 34105719 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing occurs in all eukaryotic organisms. Since the first description of multiexon genes and the splicing machinery, the field has expanded rapidly, especially in animals and yeast. However, our knowledge about splicing in plants is still quite fragmented. Though eukaryotes show some similarity in the composition and dynamics of the splicing machinery, observations of unique plant traits are only starting to emerge. For instance, plant alternative splicing is closely linked to their ability to perceive various environmental stimuli. Due to their sessile lifestyle, temperature is a central source of information allowing plants to adjust their development to match current growth conditions. Hence, seasonal temperature fluctuations and day-night cycles can strongly influence plant morphology across developmental stages. Here we discuss the available data about temperature-dependent alternative splicing in plants. Given its fragmented state it is not always possible to fit specific observations into a coherent picture, yet it is sufficient to estimate the complexity of this field and the need of further research. Better understanding of alternative splicing as a part of plant temperature response and adaptation may also prove to be a powerful tool for both, fundamental and applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Dikaya
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nabila El Arbi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nelson Rojas-Murcia
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sarah Muniz Nardeli
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniela Goretti
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markus Schmid
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yamaguchi N, Ito T. JMJ Histone Demethylases Balance H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 Levels at the HSP21 Locus during Heat Acclimation in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060852. [PMID: 34200465 PMCID: PMC8227549 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to moderately high temperature enables plants to acquire thermotolerance to high temperatures that might otherwise be lethal. In Arabidopsis thaliana, histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) at the heat shock protein 17.6C (HSP17.6C) and HSP22 loci is removed by Jumonji C domain-containing protein (JMJ) histone demethylases, thus allowing the plant to ‘remember’ the heat experience. Other heat memory genes, such as HSP21, are downregulated in acclimatized jmj quadruple mutants compared to the wild type, but how those genes are regulated remains uncharacterized. Here, we show that histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at HSP21 was maintained at high levels for at least three days in response to heat. This heat-dependent H3K4me3 accumulation was compromised in the acclimatized jmj quadruple mutant as compared to the acclimatized wild type. JMJ30 directly bound to the HSP21 locus in response to heat and coordinated H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 levels under standard and fluctuating conditions. Our results suggest that JMJs mediate the balance between H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 at the HSP21 locus through proper maintenance of H3K27me3 removal during heat acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan;
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-743-72-5501
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan;
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25
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Bartolomé I, Siquier-Coll J, Pérez-Quintero M, Robles-Gil MC, Muñoz D, Maynar-Mariño M. Effect of Handgrip Training in Extreme Heat on the Development of Handgrip Maximal Isometric Strength among Young Males. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18105240. [PMID: 34069110 PMCID: PMC8156655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and adaptive effects of passive extreme heat (100 ± 3 °C) exposition in combination with a strength training protocol on maximal isometric handgrip strength. Fifty-four untrained male university students participated in this investigation. Twenty-nine formed the control group (NG) and 25 the heat-exposed group (HG). All the participants performed a 3-week isotonic handgrip strength training program twice a week with a training volume of 10 series of 10 repetitions with 45-s rest between series, per session. All the subjects only trained their right hand, leaving their left hand untrained. HG performed the same training protocol in hot (100 ± 3 °C) conditions in a dry sauna. Maximal isometric handgrip strength was evaluated each training day before and after the session. NG participants did not experience any modifications in either hand by the end of the study while HG increased maximal strength values in both hands (p < 0.05), decreased the difference between hands (p < 0.05), and recorded higher values than the controls in the trained (p < 0.05) and untrained (p < 0.01) hands after the intervention period. These changes were not accompanied by any modification in body composition in either group. The performance of a unilateral isotonic handgrip strength program in hot conditions during the three weeks induced an increase in maximal isometric handgrip strength in both hands without modifications to bodyweight or absolute body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Bartolomé
- Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.B.); (M.P.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Movement, Brain and Health Research Group (MOBhE), Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Comillas Pontifical University, 07013 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Pérez-Quintero
- Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.B.); (M.P.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - María Concepción Robles-Gil
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, School of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (D.M.)
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, School of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.C.R.-G.); (D.M.)
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Department of Physiology, School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.B.); (M.P.-Q.); (M.M.-M.)
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26
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Bourbeau KC, Moriarty TA, Bellovary BN, Bellissimo GF, Ducharme JB, Haeny TJ, Zuhl MN. Cardiovascular, Cellular, and Neural Adaptations to Hot Yoga versus Normal-Temperature Yoga. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:115-126. [PMID: 34188383 PMCID: PMC8191229 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_134_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic heat exposure promotes cardiovascular and cellular adaptations, improving an organism's ability to tolerate subsequent stressors. Heat exposure may also promote neural adaptations and alter the neural-hormonal stress response. Hot-temperature yoga (HY) combines mind-body exercise with heat exposure. The added heat component in HY may induce cardiovascular and cellular changes, along with neural benefits and modulation of stress hormones. AIMS The purpose of the present study is to compare the cardiovascular, cellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), neural, and hormonal adaptations of HY versus normal-temperature yoga (NY). SETTINGS AND DESIGN Twenty-two subjects (males = 11 and females = 11, 26 ± 6 years) completed 4 weeks of NY (n = 11) or HY (n = 11, 41°C, 40% humidity). Yoga sessions were performed 3 times/week following a modified Bikram protocol. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Pre- and posttesting included (1) hemodynamic measures during a heat tolerance test and maximal aerobic fitness test; (2) neural and hormonal adaptations using serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), along with a mental stress questionnaire; and (3) cellular adaptations (HSP70) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Within- and between-group Student's t-test analyses were conducted to compare pre- and post-VO2 max, perceived stress, BDNF, HSP70, and ACTH in HY and NY groups. RESULTS Maximal aerobic fitness increased in the HY group only. No evidence of heat acclimation or change in mental stress was observed. Serum BDNF significantly increased in yoga groups combined. Analysis of HSP70 suggested higher expression of HSP70 in the HY group only. CONCLUSIONS Twelve sessions of HY promoted cardiovascular fitness and cellular thermotolerance adaptations. Serum BDNF increased in response to yoga (NY + HY) and appeared to not be temperature dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Christian Bourbeau
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Terence A Moriarty
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Gabriella F Bellissimo
- Department of Kinesiology, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy B Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Truman J Haeny
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Micah N Zuhl
- School of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
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27
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Périard JD, Eijsvogels TMH, Daanen HAM. Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1873-1979. [PMID: 33829868 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under heat stress and the countermeasures that can be adopted to enhance aerobic performance under such environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and physiological processes associated with thermoregulation and fluid balance are initially described, followed by a summary of methods to determine thermal strain and hydration status. An outline is provided on how exercise-heat stress disrupts these homeostatic processes, leading to hyperthermia, hypohydration, sodium disturbances, and in some cases exertional heat illness. The impact of heat stress on human performance is also examined, including the underlying physiological mechanisms that mediate the impairment of exercise performance. Similarly, the influence of hydration status on performance in the heat and how systemic and peripheral hemodynamic adjustments contribute to fatigue development is elucidated. This review also discusses strategies to mitigate the effects of hyperthermia and hypohydration on exercise performance in the heat by examining the benefits of heat acclimation, cooling strategies, and hyperhydration. Finally, contemporary controversies are summarized and future research directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D Périard
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Bruce, Australia
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein A M Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Racinais S, Périard JD, Piscione J, Bourdon PC, Cocking S, Ihsan M, Lacome M, Nichols D, Townsend N, Travers G, Wilson MG, Girard O. Intensified Training Supersedes the Impact of Heat and/or Altitude for Increasing Performance in Elite Rugby Union Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;:1-8. [PMID: 33668015 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether including heat and altitude exposures during an elite team-sport training camp induces similar or greater performance benefits. METHODS The study assessed 56 elite male rugby players for maximal oxygen uptake, repeated-sprint cycling, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 (Yo-Yo) before and after a 2-week training camp, which included 5 endurance and 5 repeated-sprint cycling sessions in addition to daily rugby training. Players were separated into 4 groups: (1) control (all sessions in temperate conditions at sea level), (2) heat training (endurance sessions in the heat), (3) altitude (repeated-sprint sessions and sleeping in hypoxia), and (4) combined heat and altitude (endurance in the heat, repeated sprints, and sleeping in hypoxia). RESULTS Training increased maximal oxygen uptake (4% [10%], P = .017), maximal aerobic power (9% [8%], P < .001), and repeated-sprint peak (5% [10%], P = .004) and average power (12% [14%], P < .001) independent of training conditions. Yo-Yo distance increased (16% [17%], P < .001) but not in the altitude group (P = .562). Training in heat lowered core temperature and increased sweat rate during a heat-response test (P < .05). CONCLUSION A 2-week intensified training camp improved maximal oxygen uptake, repeated-sprint ability, and aerobic performance in elite rugby players. Adding heat and/or altitude did not further enhance physical performance, and altitude appears to have been detrimental to improving Yo-Yo.
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29
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Haroutounian A, Amorim FT, Astorino TA, Khodiguian N, Curtiss KM, Matthews ARD, Estrada MJ, Fennel Z, McKenna Z, Nava R, Sheard AC. Change in Exercise Performance and Markers of Acute Kidney Injury Following Heat Acclimation with Permissive Dehydration. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030841. [PMID: 33806669 PMCID: PMC8000862 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementing permissive dehydration (DEH) during short-term heat acclimation (HA) may accelerate adaptations to the heat. However, HA with DEH may augment risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). This study investigated the effect of HA with permissive DEH on time-trial performance and markers of AKI. Fourteen moderately trained men (age and VO2max = 25 ± 0.5 yr and 51.6 ± 1.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to DEH or euhydration (EUH). Time-trial performance and VO2max were assessed in a temperate environment before and after 7 d of HA. Heat acclimation consisted of 90 min of cycling in an environmental chamber (40 °C, 35% RH). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were assessed pre- and post-exercise on day 1 and day 7 of HA. Following HA, VO2max did not change in either group (p = 0.099); however, time-trial performance significantly improved (3%, p < 0.01) with no difference between groups (p = 0.485). Compared to pre-exercise, NGAL was not significantly different following day 1 and 7 of HA (p = 0.113) with no difference between groups (p = 0.667). There was a significant increase in KIM-1 following day 1 and 7 of HA (p = 0.002) with no difference between groups (p = 0.307). Heat acclimation paired with permissive DEH does not amplify improvements in VO2max or time-trial performance in a temperate environment versus EUH and does not increase markers of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpie Haroutounian
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.H.); (N.K.); (K.M.C.); (A.R.D.M.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Fabiano T. Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (F.T.A.); (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA;
| | - Nazareth Khodiguian
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.H.); (N.K.); (K.M.C.); (A.R.D.M.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Katharine M. Curtiss
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.H.); (N.K.); (K.M.C.); (A.R.D.M.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Aaron R. D. Matthews
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.H.); (N.K.); (K.M.C.); (A.R.D.M.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Michael J. Estrada
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.H.); (N.K.); (K.M.C.); (A.R.D.M.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Zachary Fennel
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (F.T.A.); (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Zachary McKenna
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (F.T.A.); (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Roberto Nava
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (F.T.A.); (Z.F.); (Z.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Ailish C. Sheard
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (A.H.); (N.K.); (K.M.C.); (A.R.D.M.); (M.J.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-323-343-5334
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Tian C, Li Y, Wu Y, Chu W, Liu H. Sustaining induced heat shock protein 70 confers biological thermotolerance in a high-temperature adapted predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes). Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:939-948. [PMID: 32979024 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In fluctuating climatic environments, heat acclimation in predatory mites is a superior adaptation strategy for effective agricultural pest management and can be used to enhance the abilities critical in biological control efficiency. We investigated the regulatory mechanism governing the remarkable plastic response of thermotolerance in a high-temperature adapted strain (HTAS) and discerned the differences in the defensive reactions between the HTAS and the conventional strain (CS) in the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri. RESULTS At 42 °C, the relative expression levels of four identified HSP70 genes increased rapidly in both N. barkeri strains; meanwhile the expression of NbHSP70-1 and NbHSP70-2 in CS sharply decreased after 4 h, displaying a distinct contrast with the remaining elevated expression in HTAS. Western blot analysis showed that the protein level of NbHSP70-1 in CS was dramatically elevated at 0.5 h and decreased at 6 h at 42 °C. Conversely, in HTAS, NbHSP70-1 was constantly induced and peaked at 6 h at 42 °C. Furthermore, HSP70 suppression by RNAi knockdown had a greater influence on the survival of HTAS, causing a higher mortality under high temperature than CS. Finally, the recombinant exogenous NbHSP70-1 protein enhanced the viability of E. coli BL21 under a lethal temperature of 50 °C. CONCLUSION Sustained accumulation of HSP70 proteins results in predatory phytoseiid mites with the thermotolerance advantage that could promote their biological control function to pests. The divergent constitutive regulation of HSP70 to a thermal environment is conducive to the flexible adaptability of predators in the higher trophic level to trade off under extremely adversity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbei Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixia Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqiang Chu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huai Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gerrett N, Amano T, Inoue Y, Kondo N. The sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rates following heat acclimation in healthy older adults. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:302-315. [PMID: 33006218 DOI: 10.1113/ep088486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question to this study? Do the sweat glands' maximum ion reabsorption rates increase following heat acclimation in healthy older individuals and is this associated with elevated aldosterone concentrations? What is the main finding and its importance? Sweat gland maximum ion reabsorption rates improved heterogeneously across body sites, which occurred without any changes in aldosterone concentration following a controlled hyperthermic heat acclimation protocol in healthy older individuals. ABSTRACT We examined whether the eccrine sweat glands' ion reabsorption rates improved following heat acclimation (HA) in older individuals. Ten healthy older adults (>65 years) completed a controlled hyperthermic (+0.9°C rectal temperature, Tre ) HA protocol for nine non-consecutive days. Participants completed a passive heat stress test (lower leg 42°C water submersion) pre-HA and post-HA to assess physiological regulation of sweat gland ion reabsorption at the chest, forearm and thigh. The maximum ion reabsorption rate was defined as the inflection point in the slope of the relation between galvanic skin conductance and sweat rate (SR). We explored the responses again after a 7-day decay. During passive heating, the Tb thresholds for sweat onset on the chest and forearm were lowered after HA (P < 0.05). However, sweat sensitivity (i.e. the slope), the SR at a given Tre and gross sweat loss did not improve after HA (P > 0.05). Any changes observed were lost during the decay. Pilocarpine-induced sudomotor responses to iontophoresis did not change after HA (P ≥ 0.801). Maximum ion reabsorption rate was only enhanced at the chest (P = 0.001) despite unaltered aldosterone concentration after HA. The data suggest that this adaptation is lost after 7 days' decay. The HA protocol employed in the present study induced partial adaptive sudomotor responses. Eccrine sweat gland ion reabsorption rates improved heterogeneously across the skin sites. It is likely that aldosterone secretion did not alter the chest sweat ion reabsorption rates observed in the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gerrett
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Inoue
- Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Klous L, de Ruiter C, Alkemade P, Daanen H, Gerrett N. Sweat rate and sweat composition following active or passive heat re-acclimation: A pilot study. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 8:90-104. [PMID: 33553508 PMCID: PMC7849678 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1826287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate local sweat rate (LSR) and sweat composition before and after active or passive heat re-acclimation (HRA). Fifteen participants completed four standardized heat stress tests (HST): before and after ten days of controlled hyperthermia (CH) heat acclimation (HA), and before and after five days of HRA. Each HST consisted of 35 min of cycling at 1.5W·kg−1 body mass (33°C and 65% relative humidity), followed by a graded exercise test. For HRA, participants were re-exposed to either CH (CH-CH, n = 6), hot water immersion (water temperature ~40°C for 40 min; CH-HWI, n = 5) or control (CH-CON, n = 4). LSR, sweat sodium, chloride, lactate and potassium concentrations were determined on the arm and back. LSR increased following HA (arm +18%; back +41%, P ≤ 0.03) and HRA (CH-CH: arm +31%; back +45%; CH-HWI: arm +65%; back +49%; CH-CON arm +11%; back +11%, P ≤ 0.021). Sweat sodium, chloride and lactate decreased following HA (arm 25–34; back 21–27%, P < 0.001) and HRA (CH-CH: arm 26–54%; back 20–43%; CH-HWI: arm 9–49%; back 13–29%; CH-CON: arm 1–3%, back 2–5%, P < 0.001). LSR increases on both skin sites were larger in CH-CH and CH-HWI than CH-CON (P ≤ 0.010), but CH-CH and CH-HWI were not different (P ≥ 0.148). Sweat sodium and chloride conservation was larger in CH-CH than CH-HWI and CH-CON on the arm and back, whilst CH-HWI and CH-CON were not different (P ≥ 0.265). These results suggest that active HRA leads to similar increases in LSR, but more conservation of sweat sodium and chloride than passive HRA. Abbreviations: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; BSA (m2): Body surface area; CH: Controlled hyperthermia; CH-CH: Heat re-acclimation by controlled hyperthermia; CH-CON: Control group (no heat re-acclimation); CH-HWI: Heat re-acclimation by hot water immersion; CV (%): Coefficient of variation; dt (min): Duration of a stimulus; F: Female; GEE: Generalized estimating equations; HA: Heat acclimation; HRA : Heat re-acclimation; HST: Heat stress test; LSR (mg·cm−2·min−1) : Local sweat rate; LOD (mmol·L−1): Limit of detection; M: Male; mx (mg): Mass of x; RH (%): Relative humidity; RT: Recreationally trained; SA (cm2): Surface area; t (min): Time; T: Trained; Tsk (°C): Skin temperature; Tre (°C): Rectal temperature; USG : Urine specific gravity; VO2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1): Peak oxygen uptake; WBSL (L): Whole-body sweat loss; WBSR (L·h−1): Whole-body sweat rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Klous
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis de Ruiter
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Puck Alkemade
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Gerrett
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Périard JD, Pyne DB, Bishop DJ, Wallett A, Girard O. Short-Term Repeated-Sprint Training in Hot and Cool Conditions Similarly Benefits Performance in Team-Sport Athletes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1023. [PMID: 33013443 PMCID: PMC7493664 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the performance and physiological adaptations of short-term repeated-sprint training in HOT [40°C and 40% relative humidity (RH)] and COOL (20°C and 40% RH) conditions in team-sport athletes. Twenty-five trained males completed five training sessions of 60 min over 7 days in HOT (n = 13) or COOL (n = 12) conditions, consisting of a submaximal warm-up and four sets of maximal sprints. Before and after the intervention, intermittent shuttle running performance was assessed in cool and repeated-sprint ability in hot conditions; the latter preceded and followed by neuromuscular function testing. During the repeated-sprint training sessions, skin (~8.4°C) and core (~0.17°C) temperatures were higher in HOT than COOL (p < 0.05) conditions. Shuttle running distance increased after both interventions (p < 0.001), with a non-significant (p = 0.131) but larger effect in HOT (315 m, d = 1.18) than COOL (207 m, d = 0.51) conditions. Mean (~7%, p < 0.001) and peak (~5%, p < 0.05) power during repeated-sprinting increased following both interventions, whereas peak twitch force before the repeated-sprint assessment was ~10% lower after the interventions (p = 0.001). Heart rate during the repeated-sprint warm-up was reduced (~6 beats.min-1) following both interventions (p < 0.01). Rectal temperature was ~0.14°C lower throughout the repeated-sprint assessment after the interventions (p < 0.001), with larger effects in HOT than COOL during the warm-up (p = 0.082; d = -0.53 vs. d = -0.15) and repeated-sprints (p = 0.081; d = -0.54 vs. d = -0.02). Skin temperature (p = 0.004, d = -1.11) and thermal sensation (p = 0.015, d = -0.93) were lower during the repeated-sprints after training in HOT than COOL. Sweat rate increased (0.2 L.h-1) only after training in HOT (p = 0.027; d = 0.72). The intensive nature of brief repeated-sprint training induces similar improvements in repeated-sprint cycling ability in hot conditions and intermittent running performance in cool conditions, along with analogous physiological adaptations, irrespective of the environmental conditions in which training is undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice Wallett
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Carr AJ, Saunders PU, Garvican-Lewis LA, Vallance BS. Altitude and Heat Training in Preparation for Competitions in the Heat: A Case Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:1344-1348. [PMID: 32325429 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify, for an elite-level racewalker, altitude training, heat acclimation and acclimatization, physiological data, and race performance from January 2007 to August 2008. METHODS The participant performed 7 blocks of altitude training: 2 "live high:train high" blocks at 1380 m (total = 22 d) and 5 simulated "live high:train low" blocks at 3000 m/600 m (total = 98 d). Prior to the 2007 World Championships and the 2008 Olympic Games, 2 heat-acclimation blocks of ~6 weeks were performed (1 session/week), with ∼2 weeks of heat acclimatization completed immediately prior to each 20-km event. RESULTS During the observation period, physiological testing included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, mL·kg-1·min-1), walking speed (km·h-1) at 4 mmol·L-1 blood lactate concentration [La-], body mass (kg), and hemoglobin mass (g), and 12 × 20-km races and 2 × 50-km races were performed. The highest VO2max was 67.0 mL·kg-1·min-1 (August 2007), which improved 3.1% from the first measurement (64.9 mL·kg-1·min-1, June 2007). The highest percentage change in any physiological variable was 7.1%, for 4 mmol·L-1 [La-] walking speed, improving from 14.1 (June 2007) to 15.1 km·h-1 (August 2007). Personal-best times for 20 km improved from (hh:mm:ss) 1:21:36 to 1:19:41 (2.4%) and from 3:55:08 to 3:39:27 (7.1%) in the 50-km event. The participant won Olympic bronze and silver medals in the 20- and 50-km, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Elite racewalkers who regularly perform altitude training may benefit from periodized heat acclimation and acclimatization prior to major international competitions in the heat.
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Pallubinsky H, Phielix E, Dautzenberg B, Schaart G, Connell NJ, Wit‐Verheggen V, Havekes B, Baak MA, Schrauwen P, Marken Lichtenbelt WD. Passive exposure to heat improves glucose metabolism in overweight humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13488. [PMID: 32359193 PMCID: PMC7379279 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Heat exposure has been indicated to positively affect glucose metabolism. An involvement of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in the enhancement of insulin sensitivity upon heat exposure has been previously suggested. Here, we performed an intervention study exploring the effect of passive heat acclimation (PHA) on glucose metabolism and intracellular (a) HSP72 concentrations in overweight humans. METHODS Eleven non-diabetic overweight (BMI 27-35 kg/m2 ) participants underwent 10 consecutive days of PHA (4-6 h/day, 34.4 ± 0.2°C, 22.8 ± 2.7%RH). Before and after PHA, whole-body insulin sensitivity was assessed using a one-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to measure intracellular iHSP72, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured using indirect calorimetry and blood samples were drawn to assess markers of metabolic health. Thermophysiological adaptations were measured during a temperature ramp protocol before and after PHA. RESULTS Despite a lack of change in iHSP72, 10 days of PHA reduced basal (9.7 ± 1.4 pre- vs 8.4 ± 2.1 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 post-PHA, P = .038) and insulin-stimulated (2.1 ± 0.9 pre- vs 1.5 ± 0.8 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 post-PHA, P = .005) endogenous glucose production (EGP) and increased insulin suppression of EGP (78.5 ± 9.7% pre- vs 83.0 ± 7.9% post-PHA, P = .028). Consistently, fasting plasma glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 pre- vs 5.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L post-PHA, P = .013) and insulin concentrations (97 ± 55 pre- vs 84 ± 49 pmol/L post-PHA, P = .026) decreased significantly. Moreover, fat oxidation increased, and free fatty acids as well as cholesterol concentrations and mean arterial pressure decreased after PHA. CONCLUSION Our results show that PHA for 10 days improves glucose metabolism and enhances fat metabolism, without changes in iHSP72. Further exploration of the therapeutic role of heat in cardio-metabolic disorders should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pallubinsky
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Bas Dautzenberg
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Connell
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Vera Wit‐Verheggen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Marleen A. Baak
- Department of Human Biology NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Wouter D. Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands
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Wu J, Zhang W, Li C. Recent Advances in Genetic and Epigenetic Modulation of Animal Exposure to High Temperature. Front Genet 2020; 11:653. [PMID: 32733534 PMCID: PMC7358359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have evolved multiple systems, including genetic and epigenetic systems, to respond accordingly to heat exposure and heat acclimation. Heat exposure greatly affects immunity, changes metabolic processes, and poses a serious threat to animals. Heat acclimation is induced by repeated organism exposure to heat stress to dissipate heat. This review focuses on genetic modulation via heat shock transcription factors and calcium as two important factors and compares the changes in HSPs under heat stress and heat acclimation. Epigenetic regulation summarizes the role of HSPs in DNA methylation and histone modifications under heat stress and heat acclimation. These genetic and epigenetic modifications protect cells from thermal damage by mediating the transcriptional levels of heat-responsive genes. This review highlights recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic control of animal thermal responses and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Atanasov V, Fürtauer L, Nägele T. Indications for a Central Role of Hexokinase Activity in Natural Variation of Heat Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E819. [PMID: 32610673 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal and seasonal changes of abiotic environmental factors shape plant performance and distribution. Changes of growth temperature and light intensity may vary significantly on a diurnal, but also on a weekly or seasonal scale. Hence, acclimation to a changing temperature and light regime is essential for plant survival and propagation. In the present study, we analyzed photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and metabolic regulation of the central carbohydrate metabolism in two natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana that originate from north western Russia and south Italy during exposure to heat and a combination of heat and high light. Our findings indicate that it is hardly possible to predict photosynthetic capacities under combined stress from single stress experiments. Further, capacities of hexose phosphorylation were found to be significantly lower in the Italian than in the Russian accession, which could explain an inverted sucrose-to-hexose ratio. Together with the finding of significantly stronger accumulation of anthocyanins under heat/high light, these observations indicate a central role of hexokinase activity in the stabilization of photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism during environmental changes.
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Millyard A, Layden JD, Pyne DB, Edwards AM, Bloxham SR. Impairments to Thermoregulation in the Elderly During Heat Exposure Events. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2020; 6:2333721420932432. [PMID: 32596421 PMCID: PMC7297481 DOI: 10.1177/2333721420932432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat waves represent a public health risk to elderly people, and typically result in an increased rate of hospital admissions and deaths. Studies of thermoregulation in this cohort have generally focused on single elements such as sweating capacity. Sweating capacity and skin blood flow reduce with age, reducing ability to dissipate heat. Perception of effort during heat exposure is emerging as an area that needs further investigation as the elderly appear to lack the ability to adequately perceive increased physiological strain during heat exposure. The role of the gut and endotoxemia in heat stress has received attention in young adults, while the elderly population has been neglected. This shortcoming offers another potential avenue for identifying effective integrated health interventions to reduce heat illnesses. Increasing numbers of elderly individuals in populations worldwide are likely to increase the incidence of heat wave-induced deaths if adequate interventions are not developed, evaluated, and implemented. In this narrative-style review we identify and discuss health-related interventions for reducing the impact of heat illnesses in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B Pyne
- University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Tian CB, Li YY, Huang J, Chu WQ, Wang ZY, Liu H. Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Heat Acclimation in Predatory Mite Neoseiulus barkeri. Front Physiol 2020; 11:426. [PMID: 32411020 PMCID: PMC7201100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported a high temperature adapted strain (HTAS) of the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri was artificially selected via a long-term heat acclimation (35°C) and frequent heat hardenings. To understand the molecular basis of heat acclimation, 'omics' analyses were performed to compare the differences between HTAS female adults to conventional strain (CS) at transcriptional and translational levels. We obtained a total of 5,374 differentially expressed genes and 500 differentially expressed proteins. Among them, 119 transcripts had concurrent transcription and translation profiles. It's conserved that some processes, such as high expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes, involved in heat tolerance of transcriptome analyses, while many protective enzymes including glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and cytochrome P450 displayed down-regulated expression. KEGG analysis mapped 4,979 and 348 differentially expressed genes and proteins, to 299 and 253 pathways, respectively. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway may provide new insights for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance. Correlation enriched pathways indicated that there were four pathways associated with heat acclimation involving in energy metabolism and immunity. In addition, the expression patterns of ten randomly selected genes including HSP were consistent with the transcriptome results obtained through quantitative real-time PCR. Comparisons between transcriptome and proteome results indicated the upregulation of HSPs and genes participated in ATP production, immunity and energy metabolism process. A majority of antioxidant-related genes and detoxication-related genes were down-regulated suggesting a fitness cost of heat acclimation. Our results demonstrated that heat tolerance during a long-time acclimation of N. barkeri is a fairly complicated process of physiological regulations. These findings also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of thermal responses of phytoseiid mites which could provide useful information for biological control through natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Matsuzaki K, Sugimoto N, Islam R, Hossain ME, Sumiyoshi E, Katakura M, Shido O. Salivary Immunoglobulin A Secretion and Polymeric Ig Receptor Expression in the Submandibular Glands Are Enhanced in Heat-Acclimated Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030815. [PMID: 32012687 PMCID: PMC7037029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a critical role in mucosal immunity. Chronic exposure to moderate heat induces heat acclimation, which modifies salivary functions. However, the changes in salivary IgA secretion in heat-acclimated rats are unclear. In this study, we investigated salivary IgA secretion and the expression of polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), a key mediator of mucosal IgA secretion, in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of heat-acclimated rats. Following maintenance at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 24 ± 0.1 °C for 10 days, male Wistar rats were subjected to Ta of 32 ± 0.2 °C for 5 days (HE group) for heat acclimation or maintained at Ta of 24 ± 0.1°C (CN group). The rats were then anesthetized, pilocarpine (0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected, and saliva was collected. Afterward, the SMGs and plasma were sampled. The salivary IgA concentration and IgA flow rate were significantly higher in the HE group than in the CN group. Similarly, SMG pIgR expression was significantly higher in HE rats. The levels of plasma cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and interferon-γ, were significantly greater in HE rats than in CN rats. Heat acclimation may enhance oral immunity through salivary IgA secretion and pIgR upregulation in the SMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2114
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Rafiad Islam
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emon Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eri Sumiyoshi
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (N.S.); (R.I.); (M.E.H.); (E.S.); (M.K.); (O.S.)
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He GL, Luo Z, Shen TT, Wang ZZ, Li P, Luo X, Yang J, Tan YL, Wang Y, Gao P, Yang XS. TREM2 Regulates Heat Acclimation-Induced Microglial M2 Polarization Involving the PI3K-Akt Pathway Following EMF Exposure. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:591. [PMID: 32009907 PMCID: PMC6974802 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) has been described within microglia with a beneficial activated phenotype. However, the role of TREM2 underlying microglial phenotypic alterations in the cross-tolerance protection of heat acclimation (HA) against the inflammatory stimuli electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is less well known. Here, we investigated the TREM2-related signaling mechanism induced by HA in EMF-stimulated N9 microglial cells (N9 cells). We found that EMF exposure significantly increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and the expression of M1 markers (CD11b and CD86); meanwhile, decreased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and the expression of M2 markers (CD206 and Arg1) in N9 cells. Clearly, HA treatment decreased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and the expression of CD11b and CD86, and enhanced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 and the expression of CD206 and Arg1. Moreover, TREM2 esiRNA and selective inhibitor of PI3K clearly decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines production, M2 markers expression, and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt following HA plus EMF stimulation. These results indicate that TREM2 and PI3K-Akt pathway are involved in the cross-tolerance protective effect of HA in microglial polarization towards the EMF exposure. This finding inspires future studies that aim to explore the non-drug approaches underlying EMF stimulation and other central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Lin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Ze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Long Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xi'nan Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Heat acclimation (HA) is an essential modifier of physiological strain when working or exercising in the heat. It is unknown whether HA influences the increase of energy expenditure (Q 10 effect) or heart rate (thermal cardiac reactivity TCR) due to increased body temperature. Therefore, we studied these effects using a heat strain database of climatic chamber experiments performed by five semi-nude young males in either non-acclimated or acclimated state. Measured oxygen consumption rate (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rectal temperature (T re) averaged over the third hour of exposure were obtained from 273 trials in total. While workload (walking 4 km/h on level) was constant, heat stress conditions varied widely with air temperature 25-55°C, vapor pressure 0.5-5.3 kPa, and air velocity 0.3-2 m/s. HA was induced by repeated heat exposures over a minimum of 3 weeks. Non-acclimated experiments took place in wintertime with a maximum of two exposures per week. The influence of T re and HA on VO2 and HR was analyzed separately with mixed model ANCOVA. Rising T re significantly (p < 0.01) increased both VO2 (by about 7% per degree increase of T re) and HR (by 39-41 bpm per degree T re); neither slope nor intercept depended significantly on HA (p > 0.4). The effects of T re in this study agree with former outcomes for VO2 (7%/°C increase corresponding to Q 10 = 2) and for HR (TCR of 33 bpm/°C in ISO 9886). Our results indicate that both relations are independent of HA with implications for heat stress assessment at workplaces and for modeling heat balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kampmann
- Department of Occupational Health Science, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Bröde
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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Prerostova S, Dobrev PI, Kramna B, Gaudinova A, Knirsch V, Spichal L, Zatloukal M, Vankova R. Heat Acclimation and Inhibition of Cytokinin Degradation Positively Affect Heat Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32133021 PMCID: PMC7040172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to pinpoint phytohormone changes associated with enhanced heat stress tolerance, the complex phytohormone profiles [cytokinins, auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid and ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)] were compared in Arabidopsis thaliana after direct heat shock (45°C, 3 h) and in heat-stressed pre-acclimated plants (1 h at 37°C followed by 2 h at optimal temperature 20°C). Organ-specific responses were followed in shoot apices, leaves, and roots immediately after heat shock and after 24-h recovery at 20°C. The stress strength was evaluated via membrane ion leakage and the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutases, guaiacol peroxidases (POD), catalases, ascorbate peroxidases (APX)]. Heat acclimation diminished negative effects of heat stress, especially in apices and roots, no significant differences being observed in leaves. Low NOX1-3 activities indicated diminished production of reactive oxygen species. Higher activity of APX, POD1, and the occurrence of POD3-4 reflected acclimation-stimulated readiness of the antioxidant system. Acclimation diminished heat shock-induced changes of ABA, JA, cytokinin, and auxin levels in apices. Excess of ABA catabolites suggested an early stress response. The strong up-regulation of ABA and ACC in roots indicated defense boost in roots of acclimated plants compared to the non-acclimated ones. To evaluate the possibility to enhance stress tolerance by cytokinin pool modulation, INCYDE-F, an inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, was applied. As cytokinin effects on stress tolerance may depend on timing of their regulation, INCYDE was applied at several time-points. In combination with acclimation, INCYDE treatment had a slight positive effect on heat stress tolerance, mainly when applied after 2-h period of the optimal temperature. INCYDE increased contents of cytokinins trans-zeatin and cis-zeatin in roots and auxin in all tissues after heat shock. INCYDE also helped to suppress the content of ABA in leaves, and ethylene in apices and roots. INCYDE application to non-acclimated plants (applied before or after heat shock) strengthened negative stress effects, probably by delaying of the repair processes. In conclusion, pre-treatment with moderately elevated temperature enhanced heat stress tolerance and accelerated recovery after stress. Inhibition of cytokinin degradation by INCYDE slightly improved recovery of acclimated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Prerostova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Sylva Prerostova,
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbara Kramna
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Knirsch
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Spichal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Wang X, Li Z, Liu B, Zhou H, Elmongy MS, Xia Y. Combined Proteome and Transcriptome Analysis of Heat-Primed Azalea Reveals New Insights Into Plant Heat Acclimation Memory. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1278. [PMID: 32973837 PMCID: PMC7466565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants can obtain superinduction of defense against unpredictable challenges based on prior acclimation, but the mechanisms involved in the acclimation memory are little known. The objective of this study was to characterize mechanisms of heat acclimation memory in Rhododendron hainanense, a thermotolerant wild species of azalea. Pretreatment of a 2-d recovery (25/18°C, day/night) after heat acclimation (37°C, 1 h) (AR-pt) did not weaken but enhanced acquired thermotolerance in R. hainanense with less damaged phenotype, net photosynthetic rate, and membrane stability than non-acclimation pretreated (NA-pt) plants. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed that a lot of heat-responsive genes still maintained high protein abundance rather than transcript level after the 2-d recovery. Photosynthesis-related genes were highly enriched and most decreased under heat stress (HS: 42°C, 1 h) with a less degree in AR-pt plants compared to NA-pt. Sustainably accumulated chloroplast-localized heat shock proteins (HSPs), Rubisco activase 1 (RCA1), beta-subunit of chaperonin-60 (CPN60β), and plastid transcriptionally active chromosome 5 (pTAC5) in the recovery period probably provided equipped protection of AR-pt plants against the subsequent HS, with less damaged photochemical efficiency and chloroplast structure. In addition, significant higher levels of RCA1 transcripts in AR-pt compared to NA-pt plants in early stage of HS showed a more important role of RCA1 than other chaperonins in heat acclimation memory. The novel heat-induced RCA1, rather than constitutively expressed RCA2 and RCA3, showed excellent thermostability after long-term HS (LHS: 42/35°C, 7 d) and maintained balanced Rubisco activation state in photosynthetic acclimation. This study provides new insights into plant heat acclimation memory and indicates candidate genes for genetic modification and molecular breeding in thermotolerance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed S. Elmongy
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Vegetable and Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Xia,
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46
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Parsons IT, Stacey MJ, Woods DR. Heat Adaptation in Military Personnel: Mitigating Risk, Maximizing Performance. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1485. [PMID: 31920694 PMCID: PMC6928107 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of heat adaptation in military personnel offers generalizable insights into a variety of sporting, recreational and occupational populations. Conversely, certain characteristics of military employment have few parallels in civilian life, such as the imperative to achieve mission objectives during deployed operations, the opportunity to undergo training and selection for elite units or the requirement to fulfill essential duties under prolonged thermal stress. In such settings, achieving peak individual performance can be critical to organizational success. Short-notice deployment to a hot operational or training environment, exposure to high intensity exercise and undertaking ceremonial duties during extreme weather may challenge the ability to protect personnel from excessive thermal strain, especially where heat adaptation is incomplete. Graded and progressive acclimatization can reduce morbidity substantially and impact on mortality rates, yet individual variation in adaptation has the potential to undermine empirical approaches. Incapacity under heat stress can present the military with medical, occupational and logistic challenges requiring dynamic risk stratification during initial and subsequent heat stress. Using data from large studies of military personnel observing traditional and more contemporary acclimatization practices, this review article (1) characterizes the physical challenges that military training and deployed operations present (2) considers how heat adaptation has been used to augment military performance under thermal stress and (3) identifies potential solutions to optimize the risk-performance paradigm, including those with broader relevance to other populations exposed to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain T. Parsons
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Stacey
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Woods
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport and Exercise Endocrinology, Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Ihsan M, Périard JD, Racinais S. Integrating Heat Training in the Rehabilitation Toolbox for the Injured Athlete. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1488. [PMID: 31920696 PMCID: PMC6917657 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ihsan
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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48
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Heathcote SL, Hassmén P, Zhou S, Taylor L, Stevens CJ. How Does a Delay Between Temperate Running Exercise and Hot-Water Immersion Alter the Acute Thermoregulatory Response and Heat-Load? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1381. [PMID: 31824325 PMCID: PMC6886377 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot-water immersion following exercise in a temperate environment can elicit heat acclimation in endurance-trained individuals. However, a delay between exercise cessation and immersion is likely a common occurrence in practice. Precisely how such a delay potentially alters hot-water immersion mediated acute physiological responses (e.g., total heat-load) remains unexplored. Such data would aid in optimizing prescription of post-exercise hot-water immersion in cool environments, relative to heat acclimation goals. Twelve male recreational runners (mean ± SD; age: 38 ± 13 years, height: 180 ± 7 cm, body mass: 81 ± 13.7 kg, body fat: 13.9 ± 3.5%) completed three separate 40-min treadmill runs (18°C), followed by either a 10 min (10M), 1 h (1H), or 8 h (8H) delay, prior to a 30-min hot-water immersion (39°C), with a randomized crossover design. Core and skin temperatures, heart rate, sweat, and perceptual responses were measured across the trials. Mean core temperature during immersion was significantly lower in 1H (37.39 ± 0.30°C) compared to 10M (37.83 ± 0.24°C; p = 0.0032) and 8H (37.74 ± 0.19°C; p = 0.0140). Mean skin temperature was significantly higher in 8H (32.70 ± 0.41°C) compared to 10M (31.93 ± 0.60°C; p = 0.0042) at the end of the hot-water immersion. Mean and maximal heart rates were also higher during immersion in 10M compared to 1H and 8H (p < 0.05), despite no significant differences in the sweat or perceptual responses. The shortest delay between exercise and immersion (10M) provoked the greatest heat-load during immersion. However, performing the hot-water immersion in the afternoon (8H), which coincided with peak circadian body temperature, provided a larger heat-load stimulus than the 1 h delay (1H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Storme L Heathcote
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.,Laboratory for Athlete Development, Experience and Performance, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Hassmén
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health, Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christopher J Stevens
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.,Laboratory for Athlete Development, Experience and Performance, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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Willmott AGB, Hayes M, James CA, Gibson OR, Maxwell NS. Heat acclimation attenuates the increased sensations of fatigue reported during acute exercise-heat stress. Temperature (Austin) 2019; 7:178-190. [PMID: 33015245 PMCID: PMC7518764 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1664370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes exercising in heat stress experience increased perceived fatigue acutely, however it is unknown whether heat acclimation (HA) reduces the magnitude of this perceptual response and whether different HA protocols influence the response. This study investigated sensations of fatigue following; acute exercise-heat stress; short- (5-sessions) and medium-term (10-sessions) HA; and between once- (ODHA) and twice-daily HA (TDHA) protocols. Twenty male participants (peak oxygen uptake: 3.75 ± 0.47 L·min-1) completed 10 sessions (60-min cycling at ~2 W·kg-1, 45°C/20% relative humidity) of ODHA (n = 10) or non-consecutive TDHA (n = 10). Sensations of fatigue (General, Physical, Emotional, Mental, Vigor and Total Fatigue) were assessed using the multi-dimensional fatigue scale inventory-short form pre and post session 1, 5 and 10. Heat adaptation was induced following ODHA and TDHA, with reductions in resting rectal temperature and heart rate, and increased plasma volume and sweat rate (P < 0.05). General, Physical and Total Fatigue increased from pre-to-post for session 1 within both groups (P < 0.05). Increases in General, Physical and Total Fatigue were attenuated in session 5 and 10 vs. session 1 of ODHA (P < 0.05). This change only occurred at session 10 of TDHA (P < 0.05). Whilst comparative heat adaptations followed ODHA and TDHA, perceived fatigue is prolonged within TDHA. ABBREVIATIONS ∆: Change; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; HA: Heat acclimation; HR: Heart rate; IL-6: Interleukin-6; MFS-SF: Multi-dimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form (MFSI-SF); MTHA: Medium-term heat acclimation; Na+: Sodium; ODHA: Once daily heat acclimation; PV: Plasma volume; RH: Relative humidity; RPE: Rating of perceived exertion; SD: Standard deviation; SE: Standard error of the slope coefficient or intercept; SEE : Standard error of the estimate for the regression equation; STHA: Short-term heat acclimation; TDHA: Twice daily heat acclimation; TC: Thermal Comfort; Tre: Rectal temperature; TSS: Thermal sensation; V̇O2peak: Peak oxygen uptake; WBSL: whole-body sweat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G B Willmott
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Mark Hayes
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Carl A. James
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
- Physiology Department, Institut Sukan Negara (National Sports Institute), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Oliver R. Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (CHPER), Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Neil S. Maxwell
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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50
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Ely BR, Francisco MA, Halliwill JR, Bryan SD, Comrada LN, Larson EA, Brunt VE, Minson CT. Heat therapy reduces sympathetic activity and improves cardiovascular risk profile in women who are obese with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R630-R640. [PMID: 31483156 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00078.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 15% of women and is associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Repeated passive heat exposure [termed "heat therapy" (HT)] is a lifestyle intervention with the potential to reduce cardiovascular risk in obesity and PCOS. Women with obesity (n = 18) with PCOS [age 27 ± 4 yr, body mass index (BMI) 41.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2] were matched for age and BMI, then assigned to HT (n = 9) or time control (CON; n = 9). HT subjects underwent 30 one-hour hot tub sessions over 8-10 wk, whereas CON subjects did not undergo HT. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and markers of vascular function were assessed at the start (Pre) and end (Post) of 8-10 wk. These measures included carotid and femoral artery wall thickness and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), measured both before and after 20 min of ischemia-20 min of reperfusion (I/R) stress. HT subjects exhibited reduced MSNA burst frequency (Pre: 20 ± 8 bursts/min, Post: 13 ± 5 bursts/min, P = 0.012), systolic (Pre: 124 ± 5 mmHg, Post: 114 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (Pre: 77 ± 6 mmHg, Post: 68 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (Pre: 19.4 ± 13.7 nmol/L, Post: 15.2 ± 12.3 nmol/L; P = 0.018), total cholesterol (Pre: 5.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L, Post: 5.0 ± 0.8 mmol/L; P = 0.028), carotid wall thickness (Pre: 0.054 ± 0.005 cm, Post: 0.044 ± 0.005 cm; P = 0.010), and femoral wall thickness (Pre: 0.056 ± 0.009 cm, Post: 0.042 ± 0.005 cm; P = 0.003). FMD significantly improved in HT subjects over time following I/R (Pre: 5.6 ± 2.5%, Post: 9.5 ± 1.7%; P < 0.001). No parameters changed over time in CON, and BMI did not change in either group. These findings indicate that HT reduces sympathetic nerve activity, provides protection from I/R stress, and substantially improves cardiovascular risk profiles in women who are obese with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ely
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Department of Sport and Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts
| | | | - John R Halliwill
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Samantha D Bryan
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Lindan N Comrada
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Emily A Larson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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