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Fukaya S, Iwata S, Tsuda K, Hirose A, Kinoshita M, Saitoh S, Iwata O. Body Size, Cerebral Blood Flow, Ambient Temperature, and Relative Brain Temperatures in Newborn Infants under Incubator Care. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:209. [PMID: 38667202 PMCID: PMC11048025 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Subtle changes in body temperature affect the outcomes of ill newborns. However, the temperature profile of neonatal brains remains largely unknown. In open-cot care, increased cerebral perfusion is correlated with higher superficial brain temperatures. This study investigated the dependence of brain temperature (relative to rectal temperature) on ambient temperature, body size, cerebral perfusion, and metabolism in infants receiving incubator care. Rectal, scalp, and brain temperatures, superior vena cava flow, and brain oxygenation were assessed using echocardiography, thermo-compensatory temperature monitoring, and near-infrared spectroscopy in 60 newborns. These infants had a mean postconceptional age of 36.9 (2.2) weeks and weighed 2348 (609) g at the time of evaluation. The ambient temperature was maintained at 30.0 (1.0) °C. A higher rectal temperature was associated with greater postconceptional age (p = 0.002), body weight (p < 0.001), and head circumference (p < 0.001). Relative scalp, superficial brain, and deep brain temperatures were associated with smaller head circumference (p < 0.001, p = 0.030, and p = 0.015, respectively) and superior vena cava flow (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, and p = 0.003, respectively). In infants receiving incubator care, larger head sizes and increased brain perfusion were associated with lower relative scalp and brain temperatures. When considered alongside previous reports, cerebral perfusion may contribute to maintaining stable cerebral tissue temperature against ambient temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Fukaya
- Center for Human Development and Family Science, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan (S.S.)
| | - Sachiko Iwata
- Center for Human Development and Family Science, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan (S.S.)
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Tsuda
- Center for Human Development and Family Science, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan (S.S.)
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akiko Hirose
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Center for Human Development and Family Science, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan (S.S.)
| | - Osuke Iwata
- Center for Human Development and Family Science, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan (S.S.)
- Centre for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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Miller KC, Amaria NY, Casa DJ, Jardine JF, Stearns RL, O'Connor P, Scarneo-Miller SE. Exertional Heatstroke Survivors' Knowledge and Beliefs about Exertional Heatstroke Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play. J Athl Train 2024:500049. [PMID: 38632831 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0677.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Little information exists regarding what exertional heatstroke (EHS) survivors know and believe about EHS best practices. Understanding this would help clinicians focus educational efforts to ensure survival and safe return-to-play following EHS. OBJECTIVE We sought to better understand what EHS survivors knew about EHS seriousness (e.g., lethality, short- and long-term effects), diagnosis and treatment procedures, and recovery. Design: Multi-year, cross-sectional, descriptive design. SETTING An 11.3-km road race located in the Northeastern United States in August 2022 and 2023. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Forty-two of 62 runners with EHS (15 women, 27 men; age: 33±15 y; pre-treatment rectal temperature [TREC]: 41.5±0.9°C). INTERVENTIONS Medical professionals evaluated runners requiring medical attention at the finish line. If they observed TREC ≥40°C with concomitant central nervous system dysfunction (CNS) EHS was diagnosed and patients were immersed in a 189.3-L tub filled with ice-water. Before medical discharge, we asked EHS survivors 15 questions about their experience and knowledge of select EHS best practices. Survey items were piloted and validated by experts and laypersons a priori (content validity index ≥0.88 for items and scale). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survey responses. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent (28/42) of patients identified EHS as potentially fatal and 76% (32/42) indicated it negatively affected health. Seventy-nine percent (33/42) correctly identified TREC as the best temperature site to diagnose EHS. Most patients (74%, 31/42) anticipated returning to normal exercise within 1 week post-EHS; 69% (29/42) stated EHS would not impact future race participation. Patients (69%, 29/42) indicated it was important to tell their primary care physician about their EHS. CONCLUSIONS Our patients were knowledgeable on the potential seriousness and adverse health effects of EHS and the necessity of TREC for diagnosis. However, educational efforts should be directed towards helping patients understand safe recovery and return-to-play timelines following EHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Miller
- Texas State University, Department of Health and Human Performance, San Marcos, TX
| | - Noshir Y Amaria
- University of Michigan, University Health Service, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - John F Jardine
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | | | - Paul O'Connor
- Central Michigan University, College of Health Professions, Mount Pleasant, MI
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Stratton HS, Rao S, Sadar MJ. Hypothermia, anemia, hyperglycemia, and severe hypoglycemia are significant prognostic indicators of death in client-owned ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Am J Vet Res 2024; 85:ajvr.23.10.0244. [PMID: 38359530 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.10.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether rectal temperature, Hct, or blood glucose at presentation were associated with all-cause mortality in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). ANIMALS 321 client-owned ferrets. METHODS A medical record database was searched for ferrets from January 2012 through September 2022. Records from 1,189 individual examinations were evaluated. Inclusion criteria were rectal temperature, Hct, and/or blood glucose measured at presentation and data on survival status 7 days postpresentation. Data were included from 321 ferrets from 571 examinations. Rectal temperature in 244 ferrets from 346 examinations, Hct in 181 ferrets from 277 examinations, and blood glucose in 260 ferrets from 420 examinations were available. RESULTS The odds of death for hypothermic ferrets (< 37.8 °C) were 3.72 times (OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.30 to 6.01) the odds of death for normothermic ferrets (37.8 to 40 °C). For every 0.56 °C below normal rectal temperature, the odds of death increased 1.49 times (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.90). The odds of death for anemic ferrets (Hct < 33%) were 4.74 times (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.70 to 13.21) the odds of death for ferrets with a normal Hct (33% to 57%). The odds of death for hyperglycemic ferrets (> 152 mg/dL) were 2.61 times (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.29 to 5.30) the odds of death for normoglycemic ferrets (74 to 152 mg/dL). The odds of death for severely hypoglycemic ferrets (< 40 mg/dL) were 9.45 times (OR, 9.45; 95% CI, 3.18 to 28.12) the odds of death for normoglycemic ferrets. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hypothermia, anemia, hyperglycemia, and severe hypoglycemia were significant prognostic indicators of death in ferrets. Further investigation into the causes and management of these derangements is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley S Stratton
- James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Miranda J Sadar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Taylor SN, Colbath AC, Manfredi JM, Yob CJ, Muñoz KA. A comparison of rectal versus fetlock temperatures in dorsally recumbent horses during general anesthesia. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:26-34. [PMID: 37839991 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on thermoregulation and peripheral heat loss in dorsally recumbent horses. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, clinical study. ANIMALS Seven adult horses (2.6 ± 1.5 years old, 455 ± 70.2 kg). METHODS Horses underwent elective surgical procedures in dorsal recumbency under general anesthesia (GA) maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Rectal (TR), intranasal (TN) and fetlock surface temperatures (TF) were measured every 10 minutes for the first 80 minutes following induction of GA. Room temperature (TRO) was monitored during the study. Statistical analysis to determine differences between temperature measurement sites and techniques (TR, TN and TF), and differences over time were completed using a mixed-effects model with Tukey's multiple comparison or Dunnett's multiple comparison testing where appropriate. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Following induction of anesthesia, TF was significantly increased compared with baseline (0 minutes) from 40 to 80 minutes (p < 0.01). No significant differences were detected in TR and TN at any time point compared with baseline (p > 0.05). TF was significantly lower than TN (p < 0.02) at all time points and TR from times 0 to 70 minutes (p < 0.04). There were no significant differences between TR and TN at any time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In horses undergoing isoflurane GA, TF increased, indicating peripheral heat loss likely because of vasodilation, whereas TR showed a clinically relevant decrease over time. These findings are suggestive of body heat redistribution during GA in horses in dorsal recumbency. Thermographic imaging of the peripheral limbs in combination with TR and TN monitoring allowed for recognition of peripheral heat redistribution in anesthetized horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Anesthetized horses experience peripheral heat loss through their extremities as a result of vasodilation. Mitigating peripheral heat loss may improve thermoregulation and reduce hypothermic complications in anesthetized horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aimee C Colbath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jane M Manfredi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chelsey J Yob
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kirk A Muñoz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Bakony M, Kovács L, Kézér LF, Jurkovich V. The use of body surface temperatures in assessing thermal status of hutch-reared dairy calves in shaded and unshaded conditions. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1162708. [PMID: 37465278 PMCID: PMC10350673 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out in a Hungarian large-scale dairy farm during a 5-day period in hot August weather. Altogether 16 preweaning calves were chosen for the study. An agricultural mesh with 80% shielding was stretched over eight calf cages at 2 m from the ground to shield the cages in their entirety, while eight others were left unshaded. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were measured in 10 min intervals inside and outside one of the hutches in the shaded and unshaded groups during the total length of the study. The rectal temperature of the calves was measured by a digital thermometer every 4 h. Surface temperatures were measured on body parts, in the same intervals as rectal temperature with an infrared thermometer. Measuring sites included: the leg (metacarpus), muzzle, eye bulb, scapula, and ear. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the effects of shading on environmental and body temperatures and to also assess the strength of the association between core, skin and ambient temperatures; to estimate the temperature gradient between body shell and core; to compare the changes in heat dissipation capacity of the different body regions (as represented by temperatures of various sites) with increasing ambient temperature controlling for shaded or unshaded conditions; and to predict the risk of hyperthermia (rectal temperature not lower than 39.5°C) with the CART classification method. The average rectal temperatures suggest that the temperature conditions both in shaded and unshaded groups imposed a severe heat load on the calves. The temperature of the body shell, as represented by skin temperatures, shows a much more significant variation, similar to ambient temperature. As expected, areas that are closer to the core of the body (ear and eye) show less difference from rectal temperature and show a narrower range (lower variance), as more distal regions (leg, scapula) have a wider range. Body surface temperatures are more related to ambient temperature in calves than rectal temperature. The predictive value of infrared body surface temperatures for predicting heat stress or rectal temperature is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolt Bakony
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Luca Fruzsina Kézér
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Viktor Jurkovich
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Adefolalu AA, Owoyele BV, Adesokan AA. Comparative study of antipyretic potency of extracts of morinda lucida leaves and fruits of capsicum frutescens in albino rats. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:213-217. [PMID: 37545963 PMCID: PMC10398450 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morinda lucida leaves and fruits of Capsicum frutescens are used locally in the management of fever in Nigeria. No scientific credence has been lent to this claim. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antipyretic effect and potency of aqueous extracts of Morinda lucida leaves and fruits of Capsicum frutescens in albino rats. METHOD Brewer's yeast was used to induce pyrexia. Thirty animals were divided into six groups. Group A was orally administered normal saline (103 mg/kg). Group B was served indomethacin (5 mg/kg), while groups C and D received aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, 17 hours post induction of pyrexia. Groups E and F were administered extract of Morinda lucida at the same doses. Rectal temperature of the animals was taken at 60-, 90- and 120-minutes post-treatment. RESULTS Both C. frutescens and M. lucida produced significant reduction (p<0.05) in rectal temperature after 120 minutes in the rats compared with animals in the control group. Also, the antipyretic activities of the two extracts at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg were comparable to 5mg/kg of indomethacin, with apparent dose dependence in the antipyretic activities of both extracts. CONCLUSION Morinda lucida leaves and fruits of Capsicum frutescens exhibit dose-dependent antipyretic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bamidele V Owoyele
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
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Naito T, Saito T, Ohhashi M, Hayashi S. Recovery with a fan-cooling jacket after exposure to high solar radiation during exercise in hot outdoor environments. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1106882. [PMID: 36860733 PMCID: PMC9968796 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1106882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of body cooling with a fan-cooling jacket on body temperature responses during recovery after exercise when exposed to high solar radiation in a hot outdoor environment. Nine males cycled using ergometer until their rectal temperature increased to 38.50 °C in hot outdoor environments, followed by body cooling recovery in warm indoor environments. Subjects repeatedly performed the cycling exercise protocol, which consisted of one set of 5 min at a load of 1.5 watt/kg body weight and 15 min at a load of 2.0 watt/kg body weight at 60 rpm. Body cooling recovery consisted of cold water ingestion (10°C: CON) or cold water ingestion + wearing a fan-cooling jacket (FAN) until the rectal temperature decreased to 37.75°C. The time for the rectal temperature to reach 38.5°C did not differ between the two trials. The rate of decrease in rectal temperature at recovery tended to be higher in FAN trial than in CON trial (P = 0.082). The rate of decrease in tympanic temperature was higher in FAN trials than in CON trials (P = 0.002). The rate of decrease in mean skin temperature at the first 20 min of recovery was higher in FAN than in CON trial (P = 0.013). Body cooling recovery with a fan-cooling jacket in addition to cold water ingestion may be effective in reducing elevated tympanic and skin temperatures after exercise in the heat under a clear sky, but may be difficult to decrease rectal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naito
- Faculty of Law, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan,Correspondence: Takashi Naito
| | - Tatsuya Saito
- Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Sotaro Hayashi
- Faculty of Urban Management, Fukuyama City University, Fukuyama, Japan
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Miller KC, Launstein ED, Glovatsky RM. Body Core Temperature Cooling Using Two Cold-Water Immersion Preparation Strategies. J Athl Train 2022:486113. [PMID: 36094578 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0248.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cold-water immersion (CWI) is essential to treat exertional heatstroke (EHS). Experts recommend EHS patients be immersed in water between 1.7°C to 15°C within 30 minutes of collapse. Some clinicians fill cooling tubs several hours before exercise, keep the tub in hot conditions, and then add ice in the event of an EHS emergency. No data exist on whether adding ice to water at the time of treatment is as effective as keeping water within expert-recommended ranges. OBJECTIVE We compared the cooling rates of individuals immersed in a water bath kept at 10°C (CON) or 17°C water with 75.7L (20 gal) of ice added to it immediately upon immersion (ICE). We also examined perceptual responses before, during, and after cooling. DESIGN Randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twelve individuals (7 men, 5 women; age:22±2y; mass:74.5±10.6kg; height:176.0±12.8cm). INTERVENTIONS Participants exercised in the heat until TREC was 39.5°C. They immersed themselves in CON (initial water volume=681±7.6L, 10.0±0.03°C) or ICE (initial water volume=605.7±7.6L water at 17.0±0.03°C with 75.7L ice) until TREC was 38°C. Thermal sensation and environmental symptom questionnaire (ESQ) responses were recorded before, during, and after exercise and cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES TREC cooling rates, thermal sensation, ESQ responses. RESULTS Subjects exercised for similar durations (CON=39.6±18.2min, ICE=38.8±14.3min, Z11=0.94, P=0.38) and had similar thermal sensation and ESQ scores immediately post-exercise each day (P>0.05). Subjects cooled quickly and at similar rates in both conditions (CON=0.20±0.06°C/min; ICE=0.21±0.12°C/min, t12=0.72, P=0.49). Perception data were similar between conditions during and after cooling (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians can cool EHS patients quickly by adding ice to water that has warmed and is above expert recommendations. Adding ice to water baths at the time of EHS emergencies could save time, energy, and resources instead of always maintaining water bath temperatures within expert-recommended ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Miller
- Texas State University, Department of Health and Human Performance, San Marcos, TX
| | - Ethan D Launstein
- Central Michigan University, College of Health Professions, Mount Pleasant, MI
| | - Rachel M Glovatsky
- Central Michigan University, College of Science and Engineering, Mount Pleasant, MI
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Tucker BS, Petrovski KR, Kirkwood RN. Neonatal Piglet Temperature Changes: Effect of Intraperitoneal Warm Saline Injection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101312. [PMID: 35625157 PMCID: PMC9138044 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets are poor at thermoregulation immediately following birth and take up to 24 h to recover from their initial temperature drop. The present study aimed to determine if providing piglets with a 15 mL intraperitoneal injection of warm (45 °C) saline at birth would improve their internal temperature recovery to 24 h of age, and how the treatment interacted with birth weight (BWC = 1; ≤0.80 kg, BWC = 2; 0.81 kg to 1.10 kg, and BWC = 3; >1.10 kg), rectal temperature at 1.5 h (RC = 1; ≤32.0 °C, RC = 2; 32.10 °C to 35.0 °C, and RC = 3; ≥35.10 °C), and colostrum intake (CI = 1; <200 g and CI = 2, ≥200 g) to affect preweaning survival. Treated BWC1 piglets had improved rectal temperatures from 2 to 24 h. BWC3 piglets who consumed insufficient colostrum also had improved rectal temperature between 1 and 24 h post-birth. Colostrum intake was improved with saline injection in BWC2 piglets of RC1 and RC3 (p < 0.001) and BWC3-RC3 piglets (p < 0.001). Treated BWC1 improved survival to 20 d (p < 0.001). Irrespective of BWC, piglets from all RC had greater survival when injected with saline. The greatest difference was for piglets in RC1, likely due to all BWC1 piglets falling within this category. The results suggest that an intraperitoneal injection of warmed saline is an effective way to improve piglet temperature recovery to 24 h, colostrum intake, and survival in low-birth-weight piglets. These findings will be helpful for producers who have large numbers of low-birth-weight piglets born and are able to provide individual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony S. Tucker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (K.R.P.); (R.N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kiro R. Petrovski
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (K.R.P.); (R.N.K.)
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Roy N. Kirkwood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia; (K.R.P.); (R.N.K.)
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Okur S, Değirmençay Ş, Senocak MG, Ersöz U, Yanmaz LE, Gölgeli A. The agreement of rectal temperature with gingival, ocular and metacarpal pad temperatures in clinically healthy dogs. N Z Vet J 2021; 70:159-164. [PMID: 34890521 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.2017373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare alternative methods of recording body temperature (BT) with rectal temperature (RT) in clinically healthy dogs. METHODS This prospective study included 97 healthy mixed-breed dogs (43 females and 54 males). The gingival temperature (GT) was collected by using a human non-contact, infrared forehead thermometer, while ocular temperature (OT) and metacarpal pad temperature (MPT) were obtained with an infrared thermal camera. The degree of agreement was determined using the Bland-Altman method, with RT considered as the reference temperature. RESULTS A total of 382 readings were obtained from four different anatomical regions. The mean difference and their 95% limits of agreement for the differences between RT-GT, RT-OT, and RT-MPT were 0.18°C (-0.95 to 1.32°C), 0.79°C (-0.45 to 2.04°C), and 0.50°C (-0.63 to 1.62°C), respectively. The GT, OT, and MPT values were within ±0.5°C of RT for 65.9, 19.5, and 52.5% of dogs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although GT, OT, and MPT were a quick way to estimate BT in dogs, these measurements were not comparable with RT. The GT measurement achieved the best agreement with RT measurement (lowest bias and the highest proportion of measurements within ±0.5°C). The GT could be considered an option for monitoring changes to body temperature in clinically healthy dogs where RT measurement is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okur
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ş Değirmençay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M G Senocak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - U Ersöz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - L E Yanmaz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A Gölgeli
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Vande Pol KD, Tolosa AF, Shull CM, Brown CB, Alencar SAS, Ellis M. Effect of drying and warming piglets at birth on preweaning mortality. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab016. [PMID: 34841201 PMCID: PMC8611810 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets are susceptible to hypothermia early after birth, which is a major predisposing factor for preweaning mortality (PWM). Drying and warming piglets at birth has been shown to reduce early postnatal temperature decline. This study evaluated the effect of drying and warming piglets at birth on PWM and weaning weight (WW) under commercial conditions. A completely randomized design was used with 802 sows/litters (10,327 piglets); sows/litters were randomly allotted at start of farrowing to one of two Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no drying or warming); Drying+Warming (dried with a cellulose-based desiccant and placed in a box under a heat lamp for 30 min). Piglets were weighed at birth and weaning; PWM was recorded. Rectal temperature was measured at 0 and 30 min after birth on all piglets in a subsample of 10% of litters. The effect of farrowing pen temperature (FPT) on WW and PWM was evaluated by comparing litters born under COOL (<25°C) to those born under WARM (≥25°C) FPT. The effect of birth weight on WW and PWM was evaluated by comparing three birth weight categories (BWC; Light: <1.0 kg, Medium: 1.0 to 1.5 kg, or Heavy: >1.5 kg). PROC GLIMMIX and MIXED of SAS were used to analyze mortality and other data, respectively. Litter was the experimental unit; piglet was a subsample of litter. The model included fixed effects of Intervention Treatment, and FPT or BWC as appropriate, the interaction, and the random effects of litter. Piglet rectal temperature at 30 min after birth was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Control treatment (+2.33°C). Overall, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of Intervention Treatment on PWM or WW, and there were no Intervention Treatment by BWC interactions (P > 0.05) for these measurements. There was an Intervention Treatment by FPT interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for PWM. Drying and warming piglets reduced (P ≤ 0.05) PWM under COOL (by 2.4 percentage units) but not WARM FPT. In addition, WW were lower (P ≤ 0.05) under WARM (by 0.79 kg) than COOL FPT; however, there was no interaction (P > 0.05) with Intervention Treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that drying and warming piglets at birth increases rectal temperature and may reduce PWM under cooler conditions, which are typically experienced in temperate climates during the majority of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Vande Pol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andres F Tolosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Stephan A S Alencar
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Onubogu UC, Wonodi W, West BA. Comparison of Temperature Readings, Infrared, Non-Contact Thermometer with Contact Digital Thermometer Readings in Children. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:851-858. [PMID: 34676741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body temperature is an important vital sign in clinical practice which can be measured via electronic contact thermometers and infrared non-contact thermometers. OBJECTIVE To compare temperature readings taken by non contact infrared thermometer with the conventional digital axillary, rectal and oral temperature readings as well as the influence of environmental temperature on noncontact infrared thermometer readings. METHODOLOGY A prospective study carried out in the Paediatric outpatient clinic of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from September 2020 to December 2020. Infrared noncontact forehead and jugular temperatures along with contact axillary, oral and rectal temperatures at a recorded atmospheric temperature and pressure were measured. Data collected was analysed. RESULTS A total of 247 children aged 1month to 16 years were enrolled, the mean differences of the temperature pairs of contact and non-contact thermometry ranged from 0.45 - 0.77°C (1.64, -1.81°C) 95% LoA. The highest mean difference was found between infrared forehead and axillary [MD; 0.45(1.64,-0.73°C) 95%LoA] temperatures. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean difference of infrared forehead/ rectal temperature and atmospheric temperature (r = 0 .211 p = 0.029). Linear regression model showed that infrared forehead temperature of 37.1°C was equivalent to rectal temperature of 38°C and axillary of 37.4°C which is the standard cut off for fever. Infrared jugular of 37.2°C was equivalent to rectal of 38°C and axillary temperature of 37.4°C was equivalent to infrared jugular of 37.03°C all at a mean atmospheric temperature of 28.3±1.8°C. CONCLUSION The mean difference by which infrared noncontact thermometry predicts core temperatures may differ based on atmospheric temperature. Infrared non-contact forehead thermometer reading of 37.1°C could be considered as the fever cut off for non-contact forehead thermometry in Nigeria in regions where the mean atmospheric temperature is 28.3±1.8°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Onubogu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Nigeria
| | - W Wonodi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Nigeria
| | - B A West
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Nigeria
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13
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Verdel N, Podlogar T, Ciuha U, Holmberg HC, Debevec T, Supej M. Reliability and Validity of the CORE Sensor to Assess Core Body Temperature during Cycling Exercise. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21175932. [PMID: 34502822 PMCID: PMC8434645 DOI: 10.3390/s21175932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring core body temperature (Tc) during training and competitions, especially in a hot environment, can help enhance an athlete's performance, as well as lower the risk for heat stroke. Accordingly, a noninvasive sensor that allows reliable monitoring of Tc would be highly beneficial in this context. One such novel non-invasive sensor was recently introduced onto the market (CORE, greenTEG, Rümlang, Switzerland), but, to our knowledge, a validation study of this device has not yet been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the CORE sensor. In Study I, 12 males were subjected to a low-to-moderate heat load by performing, on two separate occasions several days apart, two identical 60-min bouts of steady-state cycling in the laboratory at 19 °C and 30% relative humidity. In Study II, 13 males were subjected to moderate-to-high heat load by performing 90 min of cycling in the laboratory at 31 °C and 39% relative humidity. In both cases the core body temperatures indicated by the CORE sensor were compared to the corresponding values obtained using a rectal sensor (Trec). The first major finding was that the reliability of the CORE sensor is acceptable, since the mean bias between the two identical trials of exercise (0.02 °C) was not statistically significant. However, under both levels of heat load, the body temperature indicated by the CORE sensor did not agree well with Trec, with approximately 50% of all paired measurements differing by more than the predefined threshold for validity of ≤0.3 °C. In conclusion, the results obtained do not support the manufacturer's claim that the CORE sensor provides a valid measure of core body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Verdel
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, 83125 Östersund, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tim Podlogar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.C.); (T.D.)
- Human Performance Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Ciuha
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.C.); (T.D.)
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics, and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.C.); (T.D.)
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Supej
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, 83125 Östersund, Sweden;
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Yoshihara A, Dierickx EE, Brewer GJ, Sekiguchi Y, Stearns RL, Casa DJ. Effects of Face Mask Use on Objective and Subjective Measures of Thermoregulation During Exercise in the Heat. Sports Health 2021; 13:463-470. [PMID: 34196240 PMCID: PMC8404762 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211028212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While increased face mask use has helped reduce COVID-19 transmission, there have been concerns about its influence on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat, but consistent, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. HYPOTHESIS No physiological differences would exist during low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat between trials with and without face masks, but perceptual sensations could vary. STUDY DESIGN Crossover study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. METHODS Twelve physically active participants (8 male, 4 female; age = 24 ± 3 years) completed 4 face mask trials and 1 control trial (no mask) in the heat (32.3°C ± 0.04°C; 54.4% ± 0.7% relative humidity [RH]). The protocol was 60 minutes of walking and jogging between 35% and 60% of relative VO2max. Rectal temperature (Trec), heart rate (HR), temperature and humidity inside and outside of the face mask (Tmicro_in, Tmicro_out, RHmicro_in, RHmicro_out) and perceptual variables (rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, thirst sensation, fatigue level, and overall breathing discomfort) were monitored throughout all trials. RESULTS Mean Trec and HR increased at 30- and 60-minute time points compared with 0-minute time points, but no difference existed between face mask trials and control trials (P > 0.05). Mean Tmicro_in, RHmicro_in, and humidity difference inside and outside of the face mask (ΔRHmicro) were significantly different between face mask trials (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in perceptual variables between face mask trials and control trials (P > 0.05), except overall breathing discomfort (P < 0.01). Higher RHmicro_in, RPE, and thermal sensation significantly predicted higher overall breathing discomfort (r2 = 0.418; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Face mask use during 60 minutes of low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat did not significantly affect Trec or HR. Although face mask use may affect overall breathing discomfort due to the changes in the face mask microenvironment, face mask use itself did not cause an increase in whole body thermal stress. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Face mask use is feasible and safe during exercise in the heat, at low-to-moderate exercise intensities, for physically active, healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Yoshihara
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Erin E. Dierickx
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Gabrielle J. Brewer
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca L. Stearns
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Douglas J. Casa
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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15
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Chowdhury VS, Ouchi Y, Haraguchi S, Bungo T. Liver metabolomic analysis in broiler chicks: Profiling the metabolites after oral administration of l-citrulline. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13609. [PMID: 34402126 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia is directly linked to metabolism; however, it is still unknown how the overall metabolism is altered by oral administration of hypothermic agent, l-citrulline (l-Cit). The present study aimed to determine the characteristics of liver metabolites of chicks orally administered l-Cit to provide a greater understanding of its metabolism. Capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) were conducted on liver samples after oral administration of l-Cit. A total of 361 liver metabolites were identified. Although a small number of samples were used for each group, a principal component analysis and heatmap patterns confirmed that the composition of metabolites could be segregated from each other. Of the 361 compounds detected in the liver, 41 compounds, including amino acids related to the Cit-arginine (Arg) cycle, argininosuccinic acid, Arg, ornithine, and Cit, as well as gamma aminobutyric acid, glycine, histidine, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were abundant in l-Cit-treated livers. In contrast, 24 compounds containing fatty acids, amino acids, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were lower in the l-Cit group. These data imply that the active Cit-Arg cycle, TCA cycle metabolism, and a low activity in fatty acid metabolism occur in l-Cit-treated broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Ouchi
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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16
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Chowdhury VS, Ouchi Y, Han G, Eltahan HM, Haraguchi S, Miyazaki T, Shiraishi JI, Sugino T, Bungo T. Oral administration of L-citrulline changes the concentrations of plasma hormones and biochemical profile in heat-exposed broilers. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13578. [PMID: 34235825 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of oral administration of L-citrulline (L-Cit) on plasma metabolic hormones and biochemical profile in broilers. Food intake, water intake, and body temperature were also analyzed. After dual oral administration (20 mmol/head/administration) of L-Cit, broilers were exposed to a high ambient temperature (HT; 30 ± 1°C) chamber for 120 min. Oral administration of L-Cit reduced (p < .001) rectal temperature in broilers. Food intake was increased (p < .05) by heat stress, but it was reduced (p < .05) by L-Cit. Plasma levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, which initially increased (p < .0001) due to heat stress, were reduced (p < .01) by oral administration of L-Cit. Plasma insulin levels were increased by heat exposure (p < .01) and oral L-Cit (p < .05). Heat stress caused a decline (p < .05) in plasma thyroxine. Plasma lactic acid (p < .05) and non-esterified fatty acids (p < .01) were increased in L-Cit-treated heat-exposed broilers. In conclusion, our results suggest that oral L-Cit can modulate plasma concentrations of major metabolic hormones and reduces food intake in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Ouchi
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Guofeng Han
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Food Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hatem M Eltahan
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Ministry, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Bungo
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Janczarek I, Kędzierski W, Tkaczyk E, Kaczmarek B, Łuszczyński J, Mucha K. Thermographic Analysis of the Metacarpal and Metatarsal Areas in Jumping Sport Horses and Leisure Horses in Response to Warm-Up Duration. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2022. [PMID: 34359150 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of various types of warm-up on the metacarpal and metatarsal surface temperature in jumping sport horses in comparison to leisure horses, which work usually less intensively. Six clinically healthy sport geldings, contestants in showjumping competitions, and six geldings used for leisure riding were included in the study. The experiment was conducted for four consecutive days, during which the horses were warmed up by walking and trotting for various durations. Images were taken with a FLUKE Ti9 thermal imager to determine the resting, post-effort, and recovery temperature of the dorsal and plantar surface of the metacarpus and metatarsus of the four limbs. The obtained data were analysed with SmartView 4.1. software. The increase of measured rectal and surface temperatures was proportional to the warm-up duration. The surface temperature increase in the distal limb parts in jumping sport horses was greater than in horses used for leisure. The plantar surface was also warmer than the dorsal surface of the metacarpal/metatarsal areas, with a forelimb being warmer than a hind limb. Elevated temperatures after warm-up persist for 30 min in the recovery period, especially in jumping sport horses compared to leisure horses. Thus, the warming up effect is achieved earlier and lasts longer in heavily trained horses than in non-performance horses.
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18
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Spinella G, Valentini S, Musella V, Bortolotti E, Lopedote M. Clinical Evaluation of Creatine Kinase and Aspartate Aminotransferase for Monitoring Muscle Effort in Working Dogs in Different Simulated Fieldworks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071879. [PMID: 34202627 PMCID: PMC8300274 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical profiles of muscle biomarkers (Creatine Kinase-CK-and Aspartate Aminotransferase-AST) performed during training may help in determining the fitness level of dogs and their potentiality to perform specific activities. This study investigated the potential variations of physiological parameters and muscular biomarkers in trained search and rescue dogs during search activity in two different areas. The aim was to verify the absence of any muscular enzymes after 20 min of search activity. The variations of physiological parameters (pulse rate; respiratory rate; rectal body temperature) and skeletal muscular biomarkers (CK and AST) were evaluated before and after search activity. Twenty-three trained dogs met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups. One group experienced search activity in a well-known area, while the second one in a similar, but unknown, area. The results for physiological parameters and skeletal muscular biomarkers values showed no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05), confirming that an effective conditioning protects against enzymatic alteration during a 20 min duration of submaximal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simona Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2097530
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Enrico Bortolotti
- Clinica Veterinaria San Michele, 38010 Grumo di San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (E.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirella Lopedote
- Clinica Veterinaria San Michele, 38010 Grumo di San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (E.B.); (M.L.)
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Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Panzera MF, Fazio F, Piccione G. Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) in the Adult Horse: Correlations with Body Weight, Rectal Temperature and Lipid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061836. [PMID: 34202932 PMCID: PMC8235278 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) plays important roles in the energy balance and regulation of metabolism and in the body temperature regulation. In this survey the correlation among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile was assessed in the adult horse. The findings gathered from the current survey showed that UCP1 values are not related with body weight and temperature in studied animals, but they seem to be linked to pathways involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile in the horse. Thirty clinically healthy Italian Saddle geldings (6–10 years old) were enrolled after the informed owners’ consent. All horses were blood sampled and their body weight and rectal temperatures were recorded. On the sera obtained after blood centrifugation the concentration of UCP1, total lipids, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low density lipoprotein fraction (VLDLs) was evaluated. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to assess the possible relationship between serum UCP1 concentration and the values of body weight, rectal temperature and lipid parameters. Serum UCP1 concentration showed no correlation with body weight, rectal temperature, HDLs and LDLs values, whereas it correlated negatively with serum total lipids, phospholipids, NEFAs, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDLs values (p < 0.0001). The findings suggest that in the adult horse the role of UCP1 is linked to the lipid metabolism rather than to thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(090)-6766726
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Francesca Panzera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.G.); (F.F.); (G.P.)
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20
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Vande Pol KD, Tolosa AF, Bautista RO, Willard NC, Gates RS, Shull CM, Brown CB, Alencar SAS, Lents CA, Ellis M. Effects of drying and providing supplemental oxygen to piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab095. [PMID: 34278236 PMCID: PMC8280916 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal piglets can experience both a decrease in body temperature and hypoxia, increasing risks for pre-weaning mortality. This research evaluated the effects of drying and providing supplemental oxygen to newborn piglets on rectal temperature (RT) over the first 24 h after birth. The study used a CRD with three Intervention Treatments (IT; applied at birth): Control (no intervention), Drying (dried using a desiccant), Oxygen [dried using a desiccant and placed in a chamber (at 40% oxygen concentration) for 20 min]. A total of 42 litters (485 piglets) were randomly allotted to treatments at the start of farrowing. At birth, each piglet was given a numbered ear tag, weighed, and the treatment was applied; RT was measured at 0, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1440 min after birth. Blood was collected from one piglet from each birth weight quartile within each litter at 24 h after birth to measure plasma immunocrit concentration. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of IT on piglet RT at 0 or 1440 min after birth. Between 20 and 60 min after birth, piglet RT was lower (P ≤ 0.05) for the Control than the Drying treatment, with the Oxygen treatment being intermediate and different (P ≤ 0.05) from the other two IT. The effect of piglet birth weight on responses to IT were evaluated by classifying piglets into Birth Weight Categories (BWC): Light (<1.0 kg), Medium (1.0 to 1.5 kg), or Heavy (>1.5 kg). There were IT by BWC interactions (P ≤ 0.05) for piglet RT at all measurement times between 20 and 120 min after birth. Relative to the Control, the effects of the Drying and Oxygen treatments on RT were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for Light than heavier piglets. Plasma immunocrit concentrations tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for piglets on the Control treatment compared to the other two IT and were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for Light than Heavy piglets, with Medium piglets being intermediate and different (P ≤ 0.05) to the other BWC. In conclusion, drying piglets at birth reduced the extent and duration of RT decline in piglets in the early postnatal period compared to undried piglets, especially for those of low birth weight. However, the combination of drying and placing piglets in an oxygen-rich environment provided no additional benefit over drying alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Vande Pol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andres F Tolosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Raphael O Bautista
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Naomi C Willard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Richard S Gates
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Stephan A S Alencar
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Clay A Lents
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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Miller KC, Casa DJ, Adams WM, Hosokawa Y, Cates J, Emrich C, Fitzpatrick T, Hopper M, Jardine JF, LaBotz M, Lopez RM, O'Connor F, Smith MS. Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Prehospital Care of Patients With Exertional Heat Stroke. J Athl Train 2021; 56:372-382. [PMID: 33290540 PMCID: PMC8063668 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0173.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First, we will update recommendations for the prehospital management and care of patients with exertional heat stroke (EHS) in the secondary school setting. Second, we provide action items to aid clinicians in developing best-practice documents and policies for EHS. Third, we supply practical strategies clinicians can use to implement best practice for EHS in the secondary school setting. DATA SOURCES An interdisciplinary working group of scientists, physicians, and athletic trainers evaluated the current literature regarding the prehospital care of EHS patients in secondary schools and developed this narrative review. When published research was nonexistent, expert opinion and experience guided the development of recommendations for implementing life-saving strategies. The group evaluated and further refined the action-oriented recommendations using the Delphi method. CONCLUSIONS Exertional heat stroke continues to be a leading cause of sudden death in young athletes and the physically active. This may be partly due to the numerous barriers and misconceptions about the best practice for diagnosing and treating patients with EHS. Exertional heat stroke is survivable if it is recognized early and appropriate measures are taken before patients are transported to hospitals for advanced medical care. Specifically, best practice for EHS evaluation and treatment includes early recognition of athletes with potential EHS, a rectal temperature measurement to confirm EHS, and cold-water immersion before transport to a hospital. With planning, communication, and persistence, clinicians can adopt these best-practice recommendations to aid in the recognition and treatment of patients with EHS in the secondary school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Miller
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
| | - Douglas J. Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - William M. Adams
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Yuri Hosokawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - John F. Jardine
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | | | - Rebecca M. Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Francis O'Connor
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - M. Seth Smith
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville
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22
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Vande Pol KD, Tolosa AF, Shull CM, Brown CB, Alencar SAS, Lents CA, Ellis M. Effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth under warm farrowing room temperatures on piglet rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab060. [PMID: 34316538 PMCID: PMC8309949 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Piglets experience a decline in body temperature immediately after birth, and both drying and warming piglets at birth reduce this. However, these interventions may be less effective at higher farrowing room temperatures. This study was carried out at a commercial facility to compare the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on postnatal rectal temperature (RT) under relatively warm farrowing room temperatures (26.6 ± 2.09 °C). Forty-five sows/litters were used in a completely randomized design to compare three Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no treatment); Warming (piglets placed in a plastic box under a heat lamp for 30 min); and Drying+Warming (piglets dried with desiccant and warmed as above). Temperatures in the warming boxes over the study period averaged 37.7 ± 2.75 °C. At birth, piglets were weighed; RT temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1,440 min after birth. Blood samples were collected at 24 h after birth from a subsample of one piglet from each birth weight quartile within each litter to measure plasma immunocrit concentration. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with litter as the experimental unit, and piglet as a subsample of litter. The model for analysis of piglet rectal temperature included fixed effects of Intervention Treatment, measurement time (repeated measure), the interaction, and the random effect of sow. Compared with the Control, piglet RT were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Warming treatment between 10 and 60 min, and higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment between 10 and 120 min after birth. Rectal temperatures were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Warming treatment between 20 and 120 min. Responses to drying and/or warming were greater for low-birth-weight piglets (<1.0 kg) than heavier littermates, but were generally less than observed in previous experiments with similar treatments carried out under cooler temperatures. Piglet immunocrit values were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment compared to the other Intervention Treatments, which were similar (P > 0.05). Immunocrit values tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for light (<1.0 kg) compared with heavier birth weight piglets. In conclusion, drying and warming piglets at birth was more effective for reducing piglet RT decline after birth than warming alone, though the effect was less than observed in previous studies carried out under cooler farrowing room temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Vande Pol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andres F Tolosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Stephan A S Alencar
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Clay A Lents
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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23
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Luo H, Brito LF, Li X, Su G, Dou J, Xu W, Yan X, Zhang H, Guo G, Liu L, Wang Y. Genetic parameters for rectal temperature, respiration rate, and drooling score in Holstein cattle and their relationships with various fertility, production, body conformation, and health traits. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4390-4403. [PMID: 33685707 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic selection for improved climatic resilience is paramount to increase the long-term sustainability of high-producing dairy cattle, especially in face of climate change. Various physiological indicators, such as rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate score (RR), and drooling score (DS), can be used to genetically identify animals with more effective coping mechanisms in response to heat stress events. In this study, we investigated genetic parameters for RT, RR (score from 1-3), and DS (score from 1-3). Furthermore, we assessed the genetic relationship among these indicators and other economically important traits for the dairy cattle industry. After data editing, 59,265 (RT), 30,290 (RR), and 30,421 (DS) records from 13,592 lactating Holstein cows were used for the analyses. Variance components were estimated based on a multiple-trait repeatability animal model. The heritability ± standard error estimate for RT, RR, and DS was 0.06 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.01, and 0.02 ± 0.01, respectively, whereas their repeatability was 0.19, 0.14, and 0.14, respectively. Moderate genetic correlations of RR with RT and DS (0.26 ± 0.11 and 0.25 ± 0.16) and nonsignificant correlation between RT and DS (-0.11 ± 0.14) were observed. Furthermore, the approximate genetic correlations between RT, RR, and DS with 12 production, 29 conformation, 5 fertility and reproduction, 5 health, and 9 longevity-indicator traits were assessed. In general, the approximate genetic correlations calculated were low to moderate. In summary, 3 physiological indicators of heat stress response were measured in a large number of animals and shown to be lowly heritable. There is a value in developing a selection index including all the 3 indicators to improve heat tolerance in dairy cattle. All the unfavorable genetic relationships observed between heat tolerance and other economically important traits can be accounted for in a selection index to enable improved climatic resilience while also maintaining or increasing productivity in Holstein cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - X Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - G Su
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - J Dou
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - W Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - X Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - G Guo
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., 100029, Beijing, China
| | - L Liu
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, 100192, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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24
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Adams WM, Butke EE, Lee J, Zaplatosch ME. Cooling Capacity of Transpulmonary Cooling and Cold-Water Immersion After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia. J Athl Train 2021; 56:383-388. [PMID: 33543267 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0146.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cold-water immersion (CWI) may not be feasible in some remote settings, prompting the identification of alternative cooling methods as adjunct treatment modalities for exertional heat stroke (EHS). OBJECTIVE To determine the differences in cooling capacities between CWI and the inspiration of cooled air. DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 12 recreationally active participants (7 men, 5 women; age = 26 ± 4 years, height = 170.6 ± 10.1 cm, mass = 76.0 ± 18.0 kg, body fat = 18.5% ± 9.7%, peak oxygen uptake = 42.7 ± 8.9 mL·kg-1·min-1). INTERVENTION(S) After exercise in a hot environment (40°C and 40% relative humidity), participants were randomized to 3 cooling conditions: cooling during passive rest (PASS; control), CWI, and the Polar Breeze thermal rehabilitation machine (PB) with which participants inspired cooled air (22.2°C ± 1.0°C). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rectal temperature (TREC) and heart rate were continuously measured throughout cooling until TREC reached 38.25°C. RESULTS Cooling rates during CWI (0.18°C·min-1 ± 0.06°C·min-1) were greater than those during PASS (mean difference [95% confidence interval] of 0.16°C·min-1 [0.13°C·min-1, 0.19°C·min-1]; P < .001) and PB (0.15°C·min-1 [0.12°C·min-1, 0.16°C·min-1]; P < .001). Elapsed time to reach a TREC of 38.25°C was also faster with CWI (9.71 ± 3.30 minutes) than PASS (-58.1 minutes [-77.1, -39.9 minutes]; P < .001) and PB (-46.8 minutes [-65.5, -28.2 minutes]; P < .001). Differences in cooling rates and time to reach a TREC of 38.25°C between PASS and PB were not different (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Transpulmonary cooling via cooled-air inhalation did not promote an optimal cooling rate (>0.15°C·min-1) for the successful treatment of EHS. In remote settings where EHS is a risk, access and use of treatment methods via CWI or cold-water dousing are imperative to ensuring survival. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT0419026).
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Adams
- Hydration, Environment, and Thermal Stress Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Erin E Butke
- Hydration, Environment, and Thermal Stress Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Junyong Lee
- Hydration, Environment, and Thermal Stress Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Mitchell E Zaplatosch
- Hydration, Environment, and Thermal Stress Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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25
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Zhao W, Choi C, Li D, Yan G, Li H, Shi Z. Effects of Airspeed on the Respiratory Rate, Rectal Temperature, and Immunity Parameters of Dairy Calves Housed Individually in an Axial-Fan-Ventilated Barn. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:354. [PMID: 33572539 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
At many modern dairy farms, calves raised in barns are kept in individual stalls separated by solid partitions, which act as barriers. Ventilation fans blowing air perpendicular to these stalls only provide the optimal airflow to the first few calves, while those further away receive a slower airflow. To ascertain whatever effects different airflow speeds may have on the health of animals kept in stalls located at increasing distances from ventilation fans, we divided a select group of 43 Holstein dairy calves into six subgroups based on age, and each subgroup was subjected to either a specified high-speed or low-speed airflow as follows: (1) Six 3-day-olds received high-speed airflow (D3-HA); (2) Six 3-day-olds received low-speed airflow (D3-LA); (3) Eight 19 (±3)-day-olds received high-speed airflow (D19-HA); (4) Eight 19 (± 3)-day-olds received low-speed airflow (D19-LA); (5) Eight 29 (±3)-day-olds received high-speed airflow (D29-HA); and (6) Seven 29 (±3)-day-olds received medium-speed airflow (D29-MA). These trials show that the rectal temperatures and respiratory rates of D19-LA (39.37 °C; 72.90 breaths/min) were significantly higher than those of D19-HA (39.14 °C; 61.57 breaths/min) (p ≤ 0.05), and those of D29-MA (39.40 °C; 75.52 breaths/min) were significantly higher than those of D29-HA (39.20 °C; 68.41 breaths/min) (p ≤ 0.05). At 33 (±3) days of age, those calves receiving high-speed airflow (p ≤ 0.05) registered significantly higher immunoglobulins A and M than calves receiving low-speed flow. Those calves subjected to a high-speed airflow also registered significantly lower tumor necrosis factor levels than those receiving low-speed flow (p ≤ 0.05). Among the 29 to 43-day-old calves, no significant differences in immunity parameters were found to exist between groups D29-HA and D29-MA. On the basis of these findings, we were able to conclude that in the warm season, when the calves were less than 0.5 months old, low-speed (0.17-0.18 m/s) airflows had no significant effect on calves; when the calves were 1 month old, low-speed airflow (0.20-0.21 m/s) may impair the immune functions; when the calves were 1 to 1.5 months old, the airflow velocity higher than 0.9 m/s can meet the needs of the calf without a negative impact on the calf.
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26
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Schmitt O, O'Driscoll K. Use of infrared thermography to noninvasively assess neonatal piglet temperature. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 5:txaa208. [PMID: 33458596 PMCID: PMC7799583 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is risk factor for piglet neonatal mortality, especially for low birth weight piglets. Piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) also have a higher mortality risk at birth. This study aimed to validate infrared thermography (IRT) as an alternative to rectal temperature (RT) to measure piglet temperature in the hour postpartum, and to identify piglets with thermoregulation difficulties. At birth (6.3 ± 0.35 min postpartum), 67 piglets were dried, weighed, scored for growth retardation (IUGR; 0–3), and isolated in a plastic box where IRT images were taken, followed by RT. Piglets were then returned to the farrowing pen, and the process repeated at 15, 30, and 60 min postpartum. Piglets were ranked according to their weight (quartiles: 0.57–1.27 kg, 1.27–1.5 kg, 1.5–1.74 kg, 1.74–2.44 kg). Temperatures (ear base and tip; minimum, maximum and average of back) were extracted from IRT images (Thermacam Researcher Pro 2.0). Pearson correlations between temperature measures were calculated, and the effect of time, IUGR score, and weight were included in linear mixed models (SAS 9.4). RT was correlated with all IRT data across time points (P < 0.05); correlations were strongest with the ear base, and weakest with the ear tip and minimum back temperature. Both IUGR score and weight rank affected ear base (P < 0.05) and RTs (P < 0.05). The lightest piglets, and piglets with severe IUGR had the lowest temperature, relative to their counterparts. Indeed, differences between all weights categories were significant for RT. Piglets with the lowest weight (0.27–1.27 kg) had lower ear base temperatures than piglets in the third quartile (1.5–1.74 kg; 35.2 ± 0.36 °C vs. 36.5 ± 0.35 °C, t64.9 = −4.51, P < 0.001) and the heaviest piglets (1.74–2.44 kg; 35.2 ± 0.36 °C vs. 36.4 ± 0.36 °C, t70.4 = −3.97, P < 0.005). Overall, piglets with severe IUGR (score 3) had a lower RT than normal piglets (score 0; 35.8 ± 0.46 °C vs. 37.2 ± 0.42 °C, t43.1 = 3.16, P < 0.05) and piglets with mild IUGR (score 1; 35.8 ± 0.46 °C vs. 37.1 ± 0.40 °C, t45.3 = 2.92, P < 0.05); and they also had lower temperature at the base of the ear than normal piglets (35.1 ± 0.42 °C vs. 36.3 ± 0.36 °C, t63.1 = 3.01, P < 0.05). These results confirmed that IRT is an interesting noninvasive tool for assessing neonatal piglets’ thermoregulatory abilities and could be used in research investigating successful interventions for piglets at risk of hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oceane Schmitt
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,Department of Animal Production, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, UK.,Animal Behaviour and Welfare Team, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Research Group, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keelin O'Driscoll
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
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Malgoyre A, Siracusa J, Tardo-Dino PE, Garcia-Vicencio S, Koulmann N, Charlot K. A basal heat stress test to detect military operational readiness after a 14-day operational heat acclimatization period. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:277-289. [PMID: 33123621 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1742572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A basal heat stress test (HST) to predict the magnitude of adaptive responses during heat acclimatization (HA) would be highly useful for the armed forces. The aim was to identify physiological markers assessed during a HST (three 8-min running sets at 50% of the speed at VO2max) performed just before a 14-day HA period that would identify participants still at "risk" at the end of HA. Individuals that responded poorly (large increases in rectal temperature [Trec] and heart rate [HR]) during the initial HST were more likely to respond favorably to HA (large reductions in Trec and HR). However, they were also more likely to exhibit lower tolerance to HST at D15. Basal Trec was found to efficiently discriminate participants showing a Trec > 38.5°C after HA, who are considered to be "at risk". Finally, participants were classified by quartiles based on basal Trec and HR at the end of the HST and physiological strain index (PSI). Most of the participants "at risk" were among the upper quartile (i.e. the least tolerant) of Trec and PSI (p = 0.011 for both). Overall, these results show that the individuals who are less tolerant to a basal HST are very likely to benefit the most from HA but they also remain less tolerant to heat at the end of HA than those who better tolerated the basal HST. A basal HST could therefore theoretically help the command to select the most-ready personnel in hot conditions while retaining those who are less tolerant 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Malgoyre
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sebastian Garcia-Vicencio
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Keyne Charlot
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
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28
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Klous L, Siegers E, van den Broek J, Folkerts M, Gerrett N, van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MS, Munsters C. Effects of Pre-Cooling on Thermophysiological Responses in Elite Eventing Horses. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091664. [PMID: 32947831 PMCID: PMC7552184 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Horses have a high metabolic capacity for exercise, producing a great deal of heat, and have a small surface area for heat loss. Under limited circumstances, the regulation of heat loss (i.e., across the respiratory tract and by the evaporation of sweat) means heat build-up in the body is reduced. Thermoregulation can be assisted by cooling the horses down to safely perform exercise in thermally challenging environments. The present study showed that pre-cooling (i.e., cooling between the warm-up and exercise performance) slightly reduced the rise in rectal, shoulder and rump skin temperatures of ten international eventing horses during moderately intense canter training in moderate environmental conditions. During the canter training, heart rate, sweat rate and sweat composition were unaffected by pre-cooling. The pre-cooling strategy chosen here was cold-water rinsing for a short period of time (~8 min). Considering the limited time and space at equestrian events, such a pre-cooling strategy could easily be implemented. Reducing heat strain by pre-cooling may potentially improve equine welfare during events. Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of pre-cooling on thermophysiological responses in horses exercising in moderate environmental conditions (average wet bulb globe temperature: 18.5 ± 3.8 °C). Ten international eventing horses performed moderate intensity canter training on two separate days, and were either pre-cooled with cold-water rinsing (5–9 °C for 8 ± 3 min; cooling) or were not pre-cooled (control). We determined velocity (V), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tre,), shoulder and rump skin temperature (Tshoulder and Trump), plasma lactate concentration (LA), gross sweat loss (GSL), and local sweat rate (LSR), as well as sweat sodium, chloride and potassium concentrations. The effect of pre-cooling on Tre was dependent on time; after 20 min of exercise the effect was the largest (estimate: 0.990, 95% likelihood confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.987, 0.993) compared to the control condition, resulting in a lower median Tre of 0.3 °C. Skin temperature was also affected by pre-cooling compared to the control condition (Tshoulder: −3.30 °C, 95% CI: −3.739, −2.867; Trump: −2.31 °C, 95% CI: −2.661, −1.967). V, HR, LA, GSL, LSR and sweat composition were not affected by pre-cooling. In conclusion, pre-cooling by cold-water rinsing could increase the margin for heat storage, allowing a longer exercise time before a critical Tre is reached and, therefore, could potentially improve equine welfare during competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Klous
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.K.); (M.F.); (N.G.)
| | - Esther Siegers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.S.v.O.-O.)
| | - Jan van den Broek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Mireille Folkerts
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.K.); (M.F.); (N.G.)
| | - Nicola Gerrett
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.K.); (M.F.); (N.G.)
| | | | - Carolien Munsters
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.S.v.O.-O.)
- Moxie Sport Analysis & Coaching, Looieind 1, 5469 Erp, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6125-097-19
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Klaaborg J, Amdi C. Administration of Glucose at Litter Equalization as a Strategy to Increase Energy in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1221. [PMID: 32709098 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyper-prolific sows with large litters require extra management in order to reduce piglet mortality. One of the reasons is high piglet birth weight variability in these large litters where piglets can range from 300 g to 2.5 kg in the same litter. In this study the strategy of giving energy at litter equalization to the smallest piglets was investigated as this is when most farmers handle the piglets for the first time. The treatments consisted of a control, oral and injected supplementation. There were no differences between the treatments of the piglets suggesting that it is too late to intervene at litter equalization, and if extra management actions are to have an effect then they most likely have to be given already at birth. More research is needed on how to handle the small and underdeveloped piglets in order to reduce piglet mortality. Abstract Hyper-prolific sows give birth to large litters and up to 25% of piglets born have been subjected to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The aim of this study was to test whether an oral administration of glucose impacts the survival rate and body weight gain of IUGR piglets at weaning. Different methods (injection versus oral administration of glucose 6 mL or 12 mL, respectively) were tested on IUGR piglets at litter equalization (i.e., when piglets are handled the first time at 5–20 h after birth). Injecting glucose generated the highest whole-blood glucose level + 3 h after treatment, however, after this no differences were observed. Of the 237 IUGR piglets studied, 98 piglets died or were removed from the nurse sow (41%). Rectal temperature at litter equalization (0 h) was related to the survival of the piglets with an average temperature of 37.1 ± 0.1 °C in surviving piglets and 36.6 ± 0.1 °C in piglets that died. In conclusion, providing these extra management actions at litter equalization is too late to help piglets that have a low rectal temperature and are low on energy. More research investigating different management methods to deal with IUGR piglets are needed as many of these underdeveloped piglets will not survive.
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Naito T, Haramura M, Muraishi K, Yamazaki M, Takahashi H. Impact of Ice Slurry Ingestion During Break-Times on Repeated-Sprint Exercise in the Heat. Sports Med Int Open 2020; 4:E45-E52. [PMID: 32395608 PMCID: PMC7205515 DOI: 10.1055/a-1139-1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of ice slurry ingestion during break times and half-time (HT) on repeated-sprint performance and core temperature in the heat. Seven males performed two different trials as follows: ice slurry (-1°C) or room temperature water ingestion at each break and HT break at 36.5°C, 50% relative humidity. Participants performed 30 sets of 1-min periods of repeated- sprint exercises protocol using a cycling ergometer. Each period consisted of 5 sec of maximal pedaling, 25 sec of pedaling with no workload, and 30 sec of rest; two sets of exercise periods were separated by 10 min of rest. Each break was implemented for 1 min after every 5 sets. The rectal temperature in ice slurry ingestion was significantly lower than that of the room temperature water at 45 set (p=0.04). Total and mean work done was greater in ice slurry ingestion compared to room temperature water ingestion (p < 0.05). These results suggested that ice slurry ingestion during break times and HT break may be an effective cooling strategy to attenuate the rise of core temperature in the second half of exercise and improve the repeated-sprint exercise capacity in the heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naito
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
| | - Miki Haramura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku,Japan.,Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
| | - Koji Muraishi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan.,Graduate School of Community and Health Services, Rikkyo University, Niiza-city, Japan
| | - Misa Yamazaki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
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Lopedote M, Valentini S, Musella V, Vilar JM, Spinella G. Changes in Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate and Rectal Temperature in Working Dogs before and after Three Different Field Trials. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040733. [PMID: 32340191 PMCID: PMC7222833 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Competitions dedicated to working dogs have greatly expanded in order to select the best canine individuals for Search-and-Rescue (SAR) activity. Therefore, it is essential to identify physiological parameters for a rapid clinical evaluation in order to provide useful information on the physical fitness of athlete dogs. In the present study, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were investigated during three different working activities. Heart rate was the most conditioned parameter by exercise and, probably, the most useful to evaluate the canine predisposition and response to work. Respiratory rate and rectal temperature were more affected by environmental variables. Abstract Physiological changes (pulse rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature) induced by exercise are usually studied as physical fitness indices. The aim of this study was to investigate how these physiological parameters could be modified in a group of trained working dogs during three different field trials (rubble, search on field, obedience), in order to assess which parameter would be more useful to detect the dog response to exercise. Nine dogs were included in this study. The animals were monitored at rest, immediately before and after the working session. Pulse rate values increased significantly in all the phases compared to rest status. Respiratory rate values increased significantly after the competition, while rectal temperature was significantly increased only after search on rubbles and obedience activities. Reference values for specific competitions need to be stablished in order to promptly identify poor performance or exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Lopedote
- Clinica Veterinaria San Michele, 38010 Grumo di San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy;
| | - Simona Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (S.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy;
| | - Jose Manuel Vilar
- Department of Animal Pathology, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Universitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy; (S.V.); (G.S.)
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Lees AM, Salvin HE, Colditz IG, Lee C. The Influence of Temperament on Body Temperature Response to Handling in Angus Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010172. [PMID: 31968606 PMCID: PMC7023438 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding animal responses to stressful stimuli is a fundamental aspect to evaluating animal welfare. Stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) is a term used to describe a short-term increase in body temperature that occurs in response to stressful stimuli. Recently there has been increasing interest in SIH as a physiological measure of psychological stress in livestock species. Previously, studies have suggested that cattle with more excitable temperaments exhibit an increased stress response. This study evaluated the influence of temperament on SIH, during a standardized handling procedure in Bos taurus cattle. In this study, body temperature increased, regardless of sex or temperament traits, characterizing SIH. Nevertheless, both flight speed (FS) and crush score (CS) were associated with an elevated rectal temperature (TREC) 30 min prior to the handling procedure, and this continued from the start of handling (T0) to 10 min post-handling (T10). The results from this study suggest that temperament may be related to variation in SIH in cattle during handling. Understanding the variation in behavioral and physiological response to stressful events may enable the development of new measures for genetic selection in cattle. Abstract Previous studies have indicated that cattle with more excitable temperaments exhibit an increased stress response. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament traits, handling, and stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) in beef cattle. Rectal temperatures (TREC, °C) of 60 purebred Angus cattle (30 heifers, 30 steers; 235.2 ± 5.11 kg) were recorded at 20 s intervals from 30 min prior to handling until two hours post handling. All cattle were exposed to a standardized handling procedure consisting of (i) being restrained in a weighing box for 30 s; (ii) being held within the crush for 30 s; and then (iii) being restrained in a head bail for 60 s. Cattle temperaments were evaluated via three traits: (1) agitometer score (AG); (2) crush score (CS); and (3) flight speed (FS) during the handling procedure. Agitometer scores and FS measures were used to describe an AG category (AGCAT) and an FS category (FSCAT) that were used to classify animals into three temperament categories: 1, calm; 2, intermediate; and 3, temperamental. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the associations between (i) AG, CS, FS, and TREC 30 min prior to entry into the weighing box (T-30) and then at 1 min intervals between time of entry into the weighing box (T0) until 10 min post-weighing (T10); and (ii) the relationship between AG, CS, and FS. The relationship between TREC and temperament traits over the 2.5 h were modeled by using a first-order autoregressive repeated measures model. Flight speed had strong to moderate associations with TREC at T-30 (r ≥ 0.37; p ≤ 0.006) and between T0 and T10 (r ≥ 0.36; p ≤ 0.01). There were moderate associations amongst TREC between T0 and T10 and CS (r ≥ 0.31; p ≤ 0.01). A weak relationship existed with CS (r = 0.16; p = 0.16). There were no associations between AG and TREC at T-30 (r ≥ −0.15; p = 0.84) or between T0 and T10 (r ≤ 0.04; p ≥ 0.4). Rectal temperature, irrespective of sex and temperament traits, was influenced by time (p < 0.0001), and maximum TREC (39.3 ± 0.04 °C) occurred between 4 and 5.7 min after entry into the weighing box. In addition, CS (p = 0.007) influenced TREC in these cattle. There were also time × temperament trait × sex interactions with the CS (p = 0.0003) and FSCAT (p = 0.043) categories; however, time × temperament trait interactions were not statistically significant. Results from this study suggest that cattle with excitable temperaments, as evaluated by FS and CS, have a greater increase in TREC. In addition, these results suggest that a relationship exists between basal TREC and FS and CS. Together, these results highlight that temperament, as assessed by FS and CS, influences both basal TREC and the peak temperature recorded following handling but does not influence the magnitude of change in TREC post handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Lees
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Animal Behaviour and Welfare, FD McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia;
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Hannah E. Salvin
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;
| | - Ian. G. Colditz
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Animal Behaviour and Welfare, FD McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia;
| | - Caroline Lee
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Animal Behaviour and Welfare, FD McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia;
- Correspondence: (A.M.L.); (C.L.)
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Abstract
Heat acclimation (HA) is an essential modifier of physiological strain when working or exercising in the heat. It is unknown whether HA influences the increase of energy expenditure (Q 10 effect) or heart rate (thermal cardiac reactivity TCR) due to increased body temperature. Therefore, we studied these effects using a heat strain database of climatic chamber experiments performed by five semi-nude young males in either non-acclimated or acclimated state. Measured oxygen consumption rate (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rectal temperature (T re) averaged over the third hour of exposure were obtained from 273 trials in total. While workload (walking 4 km/h on level) was constant, heat stress conditions varied widely with air temperature 25-55°C, vapor pressure 0.5-5.3 kPa, and air velocity 0.3-2 m/s. HA was induced by repeated heat exposures over a minimum of 3 weeks. Non-acclimated experiments took place in wintertime with a maximum of two exposures per week. The influence of T re and HA on VO2 and HR was analyzed separately with mixed model ANCOVA. Rising T re significantly (p < 0.01) increased both VO2 (by about 7% per degree increase of T re) and HR (by 39-41 bpm per degree T re); neither slope nor intercept depended significantly on HA (p > 0.4). The effects of T re in this study agree with former outcomes for VO2 (7%/°C increase corresponding to Q 10 = 2) and for HR (TCR of 33 bpm/°C in ISO 9886). Our results indicate that both relations are independent of HA with implications for heat stress assessment at workplaces and for modeling heat balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kampmann
- Department of Occupational Health Science, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Bröde
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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Gregg BA, Parker PA, Waller KM, Schneider LG, Garcia M, Bradford B, Daniel JA, Whitlock BK. Effects of central and peripheral administration of an acute-phase protein, α-1-acid-glycoprotein, on feed intake and rectal temperature in sheep. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4783-4791. [PMID: 31679022 PMCID: PMC6915238 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, an acute-phase protein, α-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), was shown to provide a link between inflammation and suppression of feed intake by acting as a leptin receptor agonist. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of AGP on feed intake and rectal temperature in sheep. Ewes were ovariectomized, implanted with a cannula into a lateral ventricle of the brain, and kept indoors in individual pens. Feed intake and rectal temperature were determined for sheep in all experiments. In the first experiment, ewes (n = 4) received 1 of 4 treatments [0 (control), 0.012 (low), 0.06 (medium), or 0.30 (high) mg/kg BW AGP] into the lateral ventricle (ICV). All sheep received all treatments in a Latin square design balanced for carryover effects with 10 d between treatments. In the second experiment, ewes (n = 10) received 1 of 2 treatments (0 and 3 mg/kg BW of AGP) intravenously (IV) in a completely randomized design. In the third experiment, ewes (n = 19) received peripheral treatments (IV) of an antipyretic [0 (control) or 2.2 mg/kg BW flunixin meglumine (FLU)] 30 min before receiving central AGP [0 (control) or 0.3 mg/kg BW of AGP] in a completely randomized design. All data were analyzed using a mixed model analysis of variance and tested for effects of treatment, time, and the interaction of treatment and time. Cumulative 48-h feed intake after administration of treatments was also determined. In the first experiment, there was no effect of ICV treatment (P = 0.37) on feed intake rate or on cumulative feed intake (P = 0.31). There was an effect of ICV treatment (P = 0.002) on rectal temperatures, which were greater (P < 0.05) after the high dose of centrally administered AGP. In the second experiment, there was no effect of AGP administration IV on feed intake rate (P = 0.98), on cumulative feed intake (P = 0.41) or on rectal temperature (P = 0.71). In the third experiment, there was an effect of central AGP treatment (P < 0.0001) and an interaction of central AGP and time (P < 0.0001) on rectal temperature, whereas FLU had no effect (P = 0.93), demonstrating that AGP increased rectal temperatures regardless of antipyretic treatment. These results indicate that central AGP increases rectal temperature in sheep by pathways that do not involve prostaglandins. Further research is needed to determine whether AGP may be an important integrator of energy balance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Gregg
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Paxton A Parker
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Kathryn M Waller
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | | | - Miriam Garcia
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Barry Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Joseph A Daniel
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA
| | - Brian K Whitlock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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Kim HS, Lee YH, Choi HD, Lee AK, Jeon SB, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH. Effect of Exposure to a Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Body Temperature in Anesthetized and Non-Anesthetized Rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 41:104-112. [PMID: 31828817 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a radiofrequency (RF) signal at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg can increase the body temperature by more than 1 °C. In this study, we investigated the effect of anesthesia on the body temperature of rats after exposure to an RF electromagnetic field at 4 W/kg SAR. We also evaluated the influence of body mass on rats' body temperature. Rats weighing 225 and 339 g were divided into sham- and RF-exposure groups. Each of the resulting four groups was subdivided into anesthetized and non-anesthetized groups. The free-moving rats in the four RF-exposure groups were subjected to a 915 MHz RF identification signal at 4 W/kg whole-body SAR for 8 h. The rectal temperature was measured at 1-h intervals during RF exposure using a small-animal temperature probe. The body temperatures of non-anesthetized, mobile 225 and 339 g rats were not significantly affected by exposure to an RF signal. However, the body temperatures of anesthetized 225 and 339 g rats increased by 1.9 °C and 3.3 °C from baseline at 5 and 6 h of RF exposure, respectively. Three of the five 339 g anesthetized and exposed rats died after 6 h of RF exposure. Thus, anesthesia and body mass influenced RF exposure-induced changes in the body temperature of rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:104-112. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hee Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Jeon
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Pack
- Department of Radio Sciences and Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Tran PV, Do PH, Han G, Bahry MA, Yang H, Chowdhury VS, Furuse M. Oral Administration of a Medium Containing L-Citrulline-producing Live Bacteria Reduces Body Temperature in Chicks. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:285-9. [PMID: 32055226 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed that oral administration of crystallized L-citrulline (L-Cit) caused hypothermia under a control thermoneutral temperature (CT) and provided thermotolerance under high ambient temperature (HT) in chicks. The aim of this study was to clarify whether oral administration of a medium containing L-Cit-producing live bacteria can reduce body temperature in chicks under CT. In Experiment 1, 7-day-old chicks were orally administered either a medium (containing mainly L-Cit-producing live bacteria and 277 mM L-Cit) or an equimolar amount of L-Cit to determine their effects on body temperature (acute treatment). In Experiment 2, chicks were subjected to the same treatment from 7 to 13 days of age (chronic treatment). Rectal and surface body temperatures were recorded daily after 1 h of treatment. Both acute and chronic oral administration of the medium, but not of the equimolar amount of L-Cit, significantly reduced the rectal and surface body temperatures of the chicks. Chronic administration of the medium resulted in consistently low rectal and surface body temperatures during the entire experimental period. In conclusion, acute or chronic administration of the medium containing L-Cit-producing live bacteria, but not of the equimolar amount of L-Cit, reduced the rectal and surface body temperatures of the chicks. Our results suggest that medium containing L-Cit-producing live bacteria can be used as a new feed supplement for lowering the body temperature of chicks.
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Engelsmann MN, Hansen CF, Nielsen MN, Kristensen AR, Amdi C. Glucose Injections at Birth, Warmth and Placing at a Nurse Sow Improve the Growth of IUGR Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080519. [PMID: 31382379 PMCID: PMC6720256 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth-restricted piglets (IUGR) have a lower rectal temperature, whole-blood glucose, and lower glycogen storages at birth than normal piglets, giving them less energy to maintain body temperature and compete at the udder. The present paper investigated the effects of giving an energy supplementation three times after birth on rectal temperature, glucose levels, and growth until weaning in an on-farm trial. Eighty-eight newborn piglets were classified as IUGR (based on head morphology), placed under a heating lamp for one hour and allocated to one of four treatments-warmed water (WATER), glucose injection (GLUC), colostrum bolus (COLOS; porcine colostrum), and colostrum bolus and glucose injection (GLUC + COLOS)-before being placed at a nursing sow. Weight differences were found at day 21, with GLUC and GLUC + COLOS groups being the heaviest. Piglets in GLUC + COLOS had higher glucose levels at t = 3, 6, and 9 h compared to the other treatments (p = 0.027), but from t = 24 h and onwards, no difference was observed. For rectal temperature, no differences were observed. Collectively, these findings suggest that glucose injections at birth (i.e., as an energy source), one hour's exposure to warmth and the placement of piglets with a nurse sow to reduce competition, enhance the growth of IUGR piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken N Engelsmann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian F Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Pig Research Centre, Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Marlene N Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anders R Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Amdi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Exertional heatstroke is one of the leading causes of death in American football players. Precooling (PC) with whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI) may prevent severe hyperthermia and, possibly, exertional heatstroke. However, it is unknown how much PC delays severe hyperthermia when participants wear American football uniforms during exercise in the heat. Does PC alter the effectiveness of CWI once participants become hyperthermic or affect perceptual variables during exercise? OBJECTIVES We asked 3 questions: (1) Does PC affect how quickly participants become hyperthermic during exercise in the heat? (2) Does PC before exercise affect rectal temperature (Trec) cooling rates once participants become hyperthermic? (3) Does PC affect perceptual variables such as rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, and environmental symptoms questionnaire (ESQ) responses? DESIGN Crossover study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twelve physically active males (age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 181.8 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 79.9 ± 10.3 kg). INTERVENTION(S) On PC days, participants completed 15 minutes of CWI (9.98°C ± 0.04°C). They donned American football uniforms and exercised in the heat (temperature = 39.1°C ± 0.3°C, relative humidity = 36% ± 2%) until Trec was 39.5°C. While wearing equipment, they then underwent CWI until Trec was 38°C. Control-day procedures were the same except for the PC intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rectal temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation, RPE, and ESQ responses were measured throughout testing. The duration of cold-water immersion was used in conjunction with Trec to calculate cooling rates. RESULTS Precooling allowed participants to exercise 17.6 ± 3.6 minutes longer before reaching 39.5°C (t11 = 17.0, P < .001). Precooling did not affect postexercise CWI Trec cooling rates (PC = 0.18°C/min ± 0.06°C/min, control = 0.20°C/min ± 0.09°C/min; t11 = 0.9, P = .17); ESQ responses (F2,24 = 1.3, P = .3); or RPE (F2,22 = 2.9, P = .07). Precooling temporarily lowered thermal sensation (F3,26 = 21.7, P < .001) and heart rate (F3,29 = 21.0, P < .001) during exercise. CONCLUSIONS Because PC delayed hyperthermia without negatively affecting perceptual variables or CWI effectiveness, clinicians may consider implementing PC along with other proven strategies for preventing heat illness (eg, acclimatization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Taylor
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
| | - Kevin C Miller
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
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Naomi Cooper, Katherine D Vande Pol, Michael Ellis, Yijie Xiong, Richard Gates. 7 Effect of piglet birth weight and drying on post-natal changes in rectal temperature. J Anim Sci 2019; 97. [ DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz122.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of piglet birth weight and drying piglets at birth on post-natal rectal temperatures using a CRD with 2 treatments: 1) Drying (not dried vs. dried at birth with a desiccant); 2) Birth weight [4 within-litter birth weight quartiles (Q1: 1.13 ± 0.33 kg, Q2: 1.43 ± 0.28 kg, Q3: 1.62 ± 0.28 kg, Q4: 1.81 ± 0.28 kg)]. Sows (26) and litters (281 piglets) were randomly allotted to drying treatment and were housed in farrowing crates with a heat lamp; room temperature was set at 22.8°C. Piglets were weighed at birth and rectal temperature measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 1440 min after birth. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC); the model included fixed effects of litter birth weight quartile and drying treatment and interaction, and time (repeated measure), and random effect of sow. Mean piglet birth weight and rectal temperature at birth were 1.49 ± 0.39 kg and 39.2 ± 0.43°C, respectively. There were no drying by birth weight treatment interactions. Temperatures were similar (P > 0.05) for the drying and birth weight treatments at birth and 240 and 1440 min (Table 1). Drying increased (P < 0.05) rectal temperature from 15 to 180 min; the greatest difference was at 45 min (2.4°C). Temperatures were similar (P > 0.05) for Q2, 3, and 4 from 15 to 180 min. Quartile 1 had a lower (P < 0.05) temperature than the 3 heavier quartiles from 15 to 180 min, except at 120 min when temperatures were similar for Q1 and 2. The lightest piglets exhibited the greatest post-natal temperature decline and drying of piglets at birth reduced the post-natal temperature decline in piglets of all weights.
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Maeda Y, Oikawa MA. Patterns of Rectal Temperature and Shipping Fever Incidence in Horses Transported Over Long-Distances. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:27. [PMID: 30838220 PMCID: PMC6383045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shipping Fever is a transport associated syndrome seen in equids and bovines transported during long distances. The microbial profile and clinical signs vary between species, and in horses it is characterized by pharyngeal commensal bacteria and aerosolized particulate matter invading the lower airway due to compromised mucocillary clearance mechanisms during transports. This leads to pyrexia, pulmonary parenchymal disease, inappetence, and in severe cases pleuropneumonia. It has been shown that the incidence of transport-related pyrexia in horses increases with travel time and distance, however, this incidence rate has been expressed as the cumulative number of horses showing pyrexia with the length of travel time during road transport (cumulative percentage), which does not accurately reflect the actual temperature fluctuations and their patterns in relation to shipping fever. This study aims to demonstrate the individual fluctuations of body temperature variations during transport, particularly febrile changes. 53 Anglo-Arab and Thoroughbred horses aged 23-30 months were transported by road over different distances and durations (36-61 h; 1,492-2,921 km) in 3 investigations carried out in the spring and mid-summer in the northern hemisphere. The results showed that the incidence of fever (characterized by rectal temperature >38.6°C) was highest from 20 to 49 h after the start of transport. Clinical signs of shipping fever was observed in 25 of the 53 horses (47.2%), of which 10 horses (18.9%) exhibited fever at the end of transportation and 15 horses (28.3%) did not. This showed that horses that develop shipping fever do not necessarily present with fever at the end of transportation. Necropsy of 20 horses performed immediately after transportation suggested that transport induced pneumonia, contributed to the onset of pyrexia. This finding supports the suggestion that measuring body temperature upon arrival to determine the presence or absence of shipping fever could result in missed diagnoses for some horses with subclinical pneumonia, and that taking multiple temperature measurements at intervals from 20 h of transportation is a simple method for not missing horses with subclinical pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Maeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine for Large Animal, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Oikawa
- Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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De Paula F, Escobar K, Ottone V, Aguiar P, Aguiar de Matos M, Duarte T, Araújo T, Costa K, Magalhães F, Rocha-Vieira E, Amorim F. Post-exercise cold-water immersion improves the performance in a subsequent 5-km running trial. Temperature (Austin) 2018; 5:359-370. [PMID: 30574528 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2018.1495023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various post-exercise strategies have been proposed to accelerate recovery during periods of training. However, the effects of water immersion (WI) temperature on recovery amid multiple daily exercise bouts are not well investigated. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of cold and warm water immersion temperatures between acute exercise bouts vs. no WI recovery on running performance. METHODS Nine recreationally trained men (age: 24.0 ± 6.0 years old) participated in four experimental sessions using a crossover design. Each experimental session consisted of unilateral eccentric knee flexion exercise and 90 min of treadmill running at 70% of peak oxygen consumption followed by 15 min of WI at 15°C, 28°C or 38°C or passive recovery seated at room temperature (CON). Four hours following WI or CON, subjects completed a 5 km running time trial. Rectal temperature (Trec), heart rate, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were measured. RESULTS Statistical analyses indicated that time trial performance was not affected by post-exercise recovery by WI (P > .05). The magnitude-based inferences indicated that 15°C (+ 3.6 ± 7.8%) likely and 28°C (+ 3.2 ± 7.5%) possibly improved recovery compared with CON, while the effect of 38°C (- 0.1 ± 12.3%) on recovery was unclear. During WI, heart rate and rectal temperature were not different from CON, but EPOC was higher in 15°C and 28°C compared to CON. Trec in 15°C was lower than CON from the 15th min post WI. EPOC was also greater in 15°C post WI compared to CON. CONCLUSION WI at 15°C and 28°C following acute exercise likely and possibly, respectively, improved subsequent 5 km running time trial performance. We speculate that the faster recovery in core temperature post-exercise may underlie these improvements in recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício De Paula
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Kurt Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Vinícius Ottone
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Paula Aguiar
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Aguiar de Matos
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Duarte
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Araújo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Karine Costa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Flávio Magalhães
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Amorim
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicentric Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise & Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Miller KC, Di Mango TA, Katt GE. Cooling Rates of Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms When Cold-Water Immersion Is Delayed. J Athl Train 2018; 53:1200-1205. [PMID: 30562055 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-398-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Treatment delays can be contributing factors in the deaths of American football athletes from exertional heat stroke. Ideally, clinicians begin cold-water immersion (CWI) to reduce rectal temperature (Trec) to <38.9°C within 30 minutes of collapse. If delays occur, experts recommend Trec cooling rates that exceed 0.15°C/min. Whether treatment delays affect CWI cooling rates or perceptual variables when football uniforms are worn is unknown. OBJECTIVE To answer 3 questions: (1) Does wearing a football uniform and delaying CWI by 5 minutes or 30 minutes affect Trec cooling rates? (2) Do Trec cooling rates exceed 0.15°C/min when treatment delays have occurred and individuals wear football uniforms during CWI? (3) How do treatment delays affect thermal sensation and Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire responses? DESIGN Crossover study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Ten physically active men (age = 22 ± 2 y, height = 183.0 ± 6.9 cm, mass = 78.9 ± 6.0 kg). INTERVENTION(S) On 2 days, participants wore American football uniforms and exercised in the heat until Trec was 39.75°C. Then they sat in the heat, with equipment on, for either 5 or 30 minutes before undergoing CWI (10.6°C ± 0.1°C) until Trec reached 37.75°C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rectal temperature and CWI duration were used to calculate cooling rates. Thermal sensation was measured pre-exercise, postexercise, postdelay, and post-CWI. Responses to the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire were obtained pre-exercise, postdelay, and post-CWI. RESULTS The Trec cooling rates exceeded recommendations and were unaffected by treatment delays (5-minute delay = 0.20°C/min ± 0.07°C/min, 30-minute delay = 0.19°C/min ± 0.05°C/min; P = .4). Thermal sensation differed between conditions only postdelay (5-minute delay = 6.5 ± 0.6, 30-minute delay = 5.5 ± 0.7; P < .05). Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire responses differed between conditions only postdelay (5-minute delay = 27 ± 15, 30-minute delay = 16 ± 12; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Treatment delays and football equipment did not impair CWI's effectiveness. Because participants felt cooler and better after the 30-minute delay despite still having elevated Trec, clinicians should use objective measurements (eg, Trec) to guide their decision making for patients with possible exertional heat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Miller
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
| | - Timothy A Di Mango
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
| | - Grace E Katt
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant
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Eggenberger P, MacRae BA, Kemp S, Bürgisser M, Rossi RM, Annaheim S. Prediction of Core Body Temperature Based on Skin Temperature, Heat Flux, and Heart Rate Under Different Exercise and Clothing Conditions in the Heat in Young Adult Males. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1780. [PMID: 30618795 PMCID: PMC6295644 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive, multi-parameter methods to estimate core body temperature offer several advantages for monitoring thermal strain, although further work is required to identify the most relevant predictor measures. This study aimed to compare the validity of an existing and two novel multi-parameter rectal temperature prediction models. Thirteen healthy male participants (age 30.9 ± 5.4 years) performed two experimental sessions. The experimental procedure comprised 15 min baseline seated rest (23.2 ± 0.3°C, 24.5 ± 1.6% relative humidity), followed by 15 min seated rest and cycling in a climatic chamber (35.4 ± 0.2°C, 56.5 ± 3.9% relative humidity; to +1.5°C or maximally 38.5°C rectal temperature, duration 20-60 min), with a final 30 min seated rest outside the chamber. In session 1, participants exercised at 75% of their heart rate maximum (HR max) and wore light athletic clothing (t-shirt and shorts), while in session 2, participants exercised at 50% HR max, wearing protective firefighter clothing (jacket and trousers). The first new prediction model, comprising the input of 18 non-invasive measures, i.e., insulated and non-insulated skin temperature, heat flux, and heart rate ("Max-Input Model", standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 0.28°C, R2 = 0.70), did not exceed the predictive power of a previously reported model which included six measures and no insulated skin temperatures (SEE = 0.28°C, R2 = 0.71). Moreover, a second new prediction model that contained only the two most relevant parameters (heart rate and insulated skin temperature at the scapula) performed similarly ("Min-Input Model", SEE = 0.29, R2 = 0.68). In conclusion, the "Min-Input Model" provided comparable validity and superior practicality (only two measurement parameters) for estimating rectal temperature versus two other models requiring six or more input measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Eggenberger
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Braid A. MacRae
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shelley Kemp
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bürgisser
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René M. Rossi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Simon Annaheim
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Lees AM, Lea JM, Salvin HE, Cafe LM, Colditz IG, Lee C. Relationship between Rectal Temperature and Vaginal Temperature in Grazing Bos taurus Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:E156. [PMID: 30231512 DOI: 10.3390/ani8090156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC, °C) and vaginal temperature (TVAG, °C) in grazing Bos taurus heifers, to develop an understanding of the reliability of these measures as estimates of core body temperature. Nineteen Angus heifers (BW = 232.2 ± 6.91 kg) were implanted with intra-rectal and intra-vaginal data loggers. Rectal temperature and TVAG were simultaneously recorded at 20 s intervals over 18.5 h. Heifers were housed as a singular cohort on grazing pastures for the duration of the study. A strong linear relationship (R² = 0.72, p < 0.0001) between the measurement sites was identified. The mean difference between TREC and TVAG was small, in which TVAG was on average 0.22 ± 0.01 °C lower than TREC. Individual twenty second TREC and TVAG data were used to determine the pooled mean TREC and TVAG and then to highlight the within measure variation over time. The coefficient of variation was, on average, lower (p < 0.001) for TVAG (0.38%) than TREC (0.44%), indicating that TVAG exhibited less variation. Overall, the results from the current study suggest that a strong relationship exists between TREC and TVAG, and that TVAG may be a more reliable estimate of core body temperature than TREC in grazing Bos taurus heifers.
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Eltahan HM, Bahry MA, Yang H, Han G, Nguyen LTN, Ikeda H, Ali MN, Amber KA, Furuse M, Chowdhury VS. Central NPY-Y5 sub-receptor partially functions as a mediator of NPY-induced hypothermia and affords thermotolerance in heat-exposed fasted chicks. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29208684 PMCID: PMC5727273 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of chicks to a high ambient temperature (HT) has previously been shown to increase neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression in the brain. Furthermore, it was found that NPY has anti‐stress functions in heat‐exposed fasted chicks. The aim of the study was to reveal the role of central administration of NPY on thermotolerance ability and the induction of heat‐shock protein (HSP) and NPY sub‐receptors (NPYSRs) in fasted chicks with the contribution of plasma metabolite changes. Six‐ or seven‐day‐old chicks were centrally injected with 0 or 375 pmol of NPY and exposed to either HT (35 ± 1°C) or control thermoneutral temperature (CT: 30 ± 1°C) for 60 min while fasted. NPY reduced body temperature under both CT and HT. NPY enhanced the brain mRNA expression of HSP‐70 and ‐90, as well as of NPYSRs‐Y5, ‐Y6, and ‐Y7, but not ‐Y1, ‐Y2, and ‐Y4, under CT and HT. A coinjection of an NPYSR‐Y5 antagonist (CGP71683) and NPY (375 pmol) attenuated the NPY‐induced hypothermia. Furthermore, central NPY decreased plasma glucose and triacylglycerol under CT and HT and kept plasma corticosterone and epinephrine lower under HT. NPY increased plasma taurine and anserine concentrations. In conclusion, brain NPYSR‐Y5 partially afforded protective thermotolerance in heat‐exposed fasted chicks. The NPY‐mediated reduction in plasma glucose and stress hormone levels and the increase in free amino acids in plasma further suggest that NPY might potentially play a role in minimizing heat stress in fasted chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M Eltahan
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mohammad A Bahry
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Guofeng Han
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Linh T N Nguyen
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mohamed N Ali
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Ministry, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khairy A Amber
- Division for Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Robertson CM, Pullinger SA, Robinson WR, Smith ME, Burniston JG, Waterhouse JM, Edwards BJ. Is the diurnal variation in muscle force output detected/detectable when multi-joint movements are analysed using the musclelab force-velocity encoder? Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1391-1401. [PMID: 29944449 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1485685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the magnitude of diurnal variation in back squat and bench press performance using the MuscleLab force velocity transducer. Thirty resistance-trained males (mean ± SD: age 21.7 ± 1.4 years; body mass 80.5 ± 4.5 kg; height 1.79 ± 0.06 m) underwent two sessions at different times of day: morning (M, 07:30 h) and evening (E, 17:30 h). Each session included a period when rectal temperature (Trec) was measured at rest, a 5-min standardized 150 W warm-up on a cycle ergometer, then defined programme of bench press (at 20, 40 and 60 kg) and back squat (at 30, 50 and 70 kg) exercises. A linear encoder was attached to an Olympic bar used for the exercises and average force (AF), peak velocity (PV) and time-to-peak velocity (tPV) were measured (MuscleLab software; MuscleLab Technology, Langesund, Norway) during the concentric phase of the movements. Values for Trec at rest were higher in the evening compared to morning values (0.48°C, P < 0.0005). Daily variations were apparent for both bench press and back squat performance for AF (1.9 and 2.5%), PV (8.3 and 12.7%) and tPV (-16.6 and -9.8%; where a negative number indicates a decrease in the variable from morning to evening). There was a main effect for load where AF and tPV increased and PV decreased from the lightest load to the heaviest for both bench press and back squat (47.1 and 80.2%; 31.7 and 57.7%; -42.1 and -73.9%; P < 0.0005 where a negative number indicates a decrease in the variable with increasing load). An interaction was found only for tPV, such that the tPV occurs earlier in the evening than the morning at the highest loads (60 and 70 kg) for both bench press and back squat, respectively (mean difference of 0.32 and 0.62 s). In summary, diurnal variation in back squat and bench press was shown; and the tPV in complex multi-joint movements occurs earlier during the concentric phase of exercise when back squat or bench press is performed in the evening compared to the morning. This difference can be detected using a low cost, portable and widely available commercial instrument and enables translation of past laboratory/tightly controlled experimental research in to main-stream coaching practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Robertson
- a School for Sport and Biological Sciences , University of Bolton , Bolton , UK
| | - Samuel A Pullinger
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.,c Sports Science Department , Aspire Academy , Doha , Qatar
| | - William R Robinson
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Mathew E Smith
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - James M Waterhouse
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- b Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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Runyan CA, Downey-Slinker ED, Ridpath JF, Hairgrove TB, Sawyer JE, Herring AD. Feed Intake and Weight Changes in Bos indicus-Bos taurus Crossbred Steers Following Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type 1b Challenge Under Production Conditions. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6040066. [PMID: 29231886 PMCID: PMC5750590 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has major impacts on beef cattle production worldwide, but the understanding of host animal genetic influence on illness is limited. This study evaluated rectal temperature, weight change and feed intake in Bos indicus crossbred steers (n = 366) that were challenged with BVDV Type 1b, and where family lines were stratified across three vaccine treatments of modified live (MLV), killed, (KV) or no vaccine (NON). Pyrexia classification based on 40.0 °C threshold following challenge and vaccine treatment were investigated for potential interactions with sire for weight change and feed intake following challenge. Pyrexia classification affected daily feed intake (ADFI, p = 0.05), and interacted with day (p < 0.001) for ADFI. Although low incidence of clinical signs was observed, there were marked reductions in average daily gain (ADG) and cumulative feed intake during the first 14 day post-challenge; ADG (CV of 104%) and feed efficiency were highly variable in the 14-day period immediately post-challenge as compared to the subsequent 14-day periods. A sire × vaccine strategy interaction affected ADFI (p < 0.001), and a sire by time period interaction affected ADG (p = 0.03) and total feed intake (p = 0.03). This study demonstrates that different coping responses may exist across genetic lines to the same pathogen, and that subclinical BVDV infection has a measurable impact on cattle production measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Runyan
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Department of Agriculture, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX 76909-0888, USA.
| | - Erika D Downey-Slinker
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Elanco Animal Health, Larchwood, IA 51241, USA.
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- USDA-ARS National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
- Ridpath Consulting, LLC, Gilbert, IA 50105, USA.
| | - Thomas B Hairgrove
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Jason E Sawyer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Andy D Herring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Debnath T, Bera S, Deb S, Pal P, Debbarma N, Haldar A. Application of radio frequency based digital thermometer for real-time monitoring of dairy cattle rectal temperature. Vet World 2017; 10:1052-1056. [PMID: 29062193 PMCID: PMC5639102 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1052-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Dairy cattle health monitoring program becomes vital for detecting the febrile conditions to prevent the outbreak of the animal diseases as well as ensuring the fitness of the animals that are directly affecting the health of the consumers. The aim of this study was to validate real-time rectal temperature (RT) data of radio frequency based digital (RFD) thermometer with RT data of mercury bulb (MB) thermometer in dairy cattle. Materials and Methods: Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, six female Jersey crossbred cattle with a mean (±standard error of the mean) body weight of 534.83±13.90 kg at the age of 12±0.52 years were used to record RT for 2 h on empty stomach and 2 h after feeding at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min using a RFD thermometer as well as a MB thermometer. In experiment II, six female Jersey crossbred cattle were further used to record RT for 2 h before exercise and 2 h after exercise at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc comparisons by Bonferroni test was done. Results: Real-time RT data recorded by RFD thermometer as well as MB thermometer did not differ (p>0.05) before and after feeding/exercise. An increase (p<0.05) in RT after feeding/exercise in experimental crossbred cattle was recorded by both RFD thermometer and MB thermometer. Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study suggest that the body temperature recordings from RFD thermometer would be acceptable and thus RFD thermometer could work well for monitoring real-time RT in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Debnath
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre, Agartala, Lembucherra - 799 210, Tripura, India.,Department of Livestock Production Management, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata - 700 037, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Bera
- Department of Livestock Production Management, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata - 700 037, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Deb
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- Department of Extension and Social Sciences, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra - 799 210, Tripura, India
| | - Nibash Debbarma
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre, Agartala, Lembucherra - 799 210, Tripura, India
| | - Avijit Haldar
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre, Agartala, Lembucherra - 799 210, Tripura, India
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49
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Abstract
Objective We compared an infrared temporal artery thermometer with our clinical standard axillary thermometer for temperature measurements in neonatal patients. Study Design We measured temporal artery (Tta), axillary (Tax, clinical standard), and rectal (Tr, gold standard) temperatures of 49 infants. The difference between Tr and Tta was compared with that between Tr and Tax, and the data were analyzed based on bed type and postmenstrual age. Results The mean Tta, Tax, and Tr were 37.16 (SD 0.36) °C, 36.61 (SD 0.30) °C, and 36.82 (SD 0.30) °C, respectively. The measurements by these methods were all significantly different. The mean Tr-Tax was 0.21 (SD 0.26) °C, and the mean Tr-Tta was -0.34 (SD 0.37) °C, indicating that Tax was closer to Tr than was Tta (p < 0.0001). Tta agreed more closely with Tr for infants in cribs than for those in incubators. Adjusting for bed type and body weight, with each week of postmenstrual age, the discrepancy between Tr-Tta and Tr-Tax decreased by 0.005°C (p = 0.034). Conclusion Compared with the gold standard, Tr, Tta is not more accurate than Tax. The temporal artery thermometer was less accurate for infants in incubators than for infants in cribs. The accuracy of temporal artery temperature increased with postmenstrual age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruthann Schrock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Edward F. Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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50
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Erwan E, Zulfikar, Saleh E, Kuntoro B, Chowdhury VS, Furuse M. Orally Administered D-Aspartate Depresses Rectal Temperature and Alters Plasma Triacylglycerol and Glucose Concentrations in Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2017; 54:205-11. [PMID: 32908427 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Aspartate (L-Asp), D-aspartate (D-Asp) or their chemical conjugates plays important physiological roles in regulating food intake, plasma metabolites and thermoregulation in animals. However, there are very few studies available in layers and no reports have been found in broilers. Broilers are very important commercial birds for meat production, so effects of L- or D-Asp in broilers would provide new physiological insight of this strain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral administration of L- or D-Asp on feed intake, rectal temperature and some plasma metabolites in broiler chicks. Broiler chicks (5 days old) were orally administered with different doses (0, 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mmol/kg body weight) of L- or D-Asp. At 120 min after administration of L- or D-Asp, the blood was immediately collected through the jugular vein. The rectal temperature of chicks was measured at 30, 60 and 120 min after administration using a digital thermometer with an accuracy of ±0.1°C, by inserting the thermistor probe in the rectum to a depth of 2 cm. A repeated-measures two-way ANOVA was applied for the analysis of feed intake and rectal temperature. Plasma metabolites were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and regression equations. The study showed that oral administration of both L- and D-Asp did not alter feed intake. However, D-Asp, but not L-Asp, dose-dependently decreased the rectal temperature in chicks. It was also found that D-Asp increased plasma glucose and decreased triacylglycerol concentrations. The changes in plasma metabolites further indicate that D-Asp treatment modulates the energy metabolism in broiler chicks. In conclusion, D-Asp may be a beneficial nutrient not only for layers but also for broilers, since orally administered D-Asp lowered rectal temperature without reducing feed intake.
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