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Collins JE, Donnell-Fink LA, Yang HY, Usiskin IM, Lape EC, Wright J, Katz JN, Losina E. Effect of Obesity on Pain and Functional Recovery Following Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99:1812-1818. [PMID: 29088035 PMCID: PMC6948795 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While obesity may be a risk factor for complications following total knee arthroplasty, data remain sparse on the impact of the degree of obesity on patient-reported outcomes following this procedure. Our objective was to determine the extent to which obesity level affects the trajectory of recovery as well as patient-reported pain, function, and satisfaction with surgery following total knee arthroplasty. METHODS We followed a cohort of patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at 1 of 4 medical centers. Patients were ≥40 years of age with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis. We stratified patients into 5 groups according to the World Health Organization classification of body mass index (BMI). We assessed the association between BMI group and pain and function over the time intervals of 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 24 months using a piecewise linear model. We also assessed the association between BMI group and patient-reported outcomes at 24 months. Multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, race, diabetes, musculoskeletal functional limitations index, pain medication use, and study site. RESULTS Of the 633 participants included in our analysis, 19% were normal weight (BMI of <25 kg/m), 32% were overweight (BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m), 27% were class-I obese (BMI of 30 to 34.9 kg/m), 12% were class-II obese (BMI of 35 to 39.9 kg/m), and 9% were class-III obese (BMI of ≥40 kg/m). Study participants with a higher BMI had worse preoperative WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) pain and function scores and had greater improvement from baseline to 3 months. The mean change in pain and function from 3 to 6 and from 6 to 24 months was similar across all BMI groups. At 24 months, participants in all BMI groups had similar levels of pain, function, and satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Because of the differential trajectory of recovery in the first 3 months following total knee arthroplasty, the participants in the higher BMI groups were able to attain absolute pain and function scores similar to those in the nonobese and class-I obese groups. These data can help surgeons discuss expectations of pain relief and functional improvement with total knee arthroplasty candidates with higher BMI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Collins
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurel A. Donnell-Fink
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi Y. Yang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ilana M. Usiskin
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emma C. Lape
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Wright
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey N. Katz
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Losina
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (J.E.C., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.W., J.N.K., and E.L.) and Medicine (L.A.D.-F.), Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe) (J.E.C., L.A.D.-F., H.Y.Y., I.M.U., E.C.L., J.N.K., and E.L.), and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy (J.N.K.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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