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McKay MJ, Weber KA, Wesselink EO, Smith ZA, Abbott R, Anderson DB, Ashton-James CE, Atyeo J, Beach AJ, Burns J, Clarke S, Collins NJ, Coppieters MW, Cornwall J, Crawford RJ, De Martino E, Dunn AG, Eyles JP, Feng HJ, Fortin M, Franettovich Smith MM, Galloway G, Gandomkar Z, Glastras S, Henderson LA, Hides JA, Hiller CE, Hilmer SN, Hoggarth MA, Kim B, Lal N, LaPorta L, Magnussen JS, Maloney S, March L, Nackley AG, O’Leary SP, Peolsson A, Perraton Z, Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Schnitzler M, Seitz AL, Semciw AI, Sheard PW, Smith AC, Snodgrass SJ, Sullivan J, Tran V, Valentin S, Walton DM, Wishart LR, Elliott JM. MuscleMap: An Open-Source, Community-Supported Consortium for Whole-Body Quantitative MRI of Muscle. J Imaging 2024; 10:262. [PMID: 39590726 PMCID: PMC11595196 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders affecting the neurological and musculoskeletal systems represent international health priorities. A significant impediment to progress in trials of new therapies is the absence of responsive, objective, and valid outcome measures sensitive to early disease changes. A key finding in individuals with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders is the compositional changes to muscles, evinced by the expression of fatty infiltrates. Quantification of skeletal muscle composition by MRI has emerged as a sensitive marker for the severity of these disorders; however, little is known about the composition of healthy muscles across the lifespan. Knowledge of what is 'typical' age-related muscle composition is essential to accurately identify and evaluate what is 'atypical'. This innovative project, known as the MuscleMap, will achieve the first important steps towards establishing a world-first, normative reference MRI dataset of skeletal muscle composition with the potential to provide valuable insights into various diseases and disorders, ultimately improving patient care and advancing research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnee J. McKay
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Kenneth A. Weber
- Division of Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (K.A.W.II); (E.O.W.)
| | - Evert O. Wesselink
- Division of Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (K.A.W.II); (E.O.W.)
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences—Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Zachary A. Smith
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA;
| | - Rebecca Abbott
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - David B. Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Claire E. Ashton-James
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - John Atyeo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Aaron J. Beach
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia; (A.J.B.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joshua Burns
- Disability Prevention Program, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Natalie J. Collins
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia; (N.J.C.); (M.M.F.S.); (S.P.O.); (L.R.W.)
| | - Michel W. Coppieters
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.W.C.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Jon Cornwall
- Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (J.C.); (P.W.S.)
| | | | - Enrico De Martino
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, 9260 North Jutland, Denmark;
| | - Adam G. Dunn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Jillian P. Eyles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Henry J. Feng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Maryse Fortin
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada;
| | - Melinda M. Franettovich Smith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia; (N.J.C.); (M.M.F.S.); (S.P.O.); (L.R.W.)
| | - Graham Galloway
- Herston Imaging Research Facility, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Ziba Gandomkar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Sarah Glastras
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Luke A. Henderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Julie A. Hides
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.W.C.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Claire E. Hiller
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Sarah N. Hilmer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Mark A. Hoggarth
- Department of Physical Therapy, North Central College, Naperville, IL 60540, USA;
| | - Brian Kim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Navneet Lal
- Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (J.C.); (P.W.S.)
| | - Laura LaPorta
- School of Rehabilitative and Health Sciences, Regis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA;
| | - John S. Magnussen
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia; (A.J.B.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Sarah Maloney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Lyn March
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Andrea G. Nackley
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Shaun P. O’Leary
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia; (N.J.C.); (M.M.F.S.); (S.P.O.); (L.R.W.)
| | - Anneli Peolsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Centre, Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
- Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Perraton
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (Z.P.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Annelies L. Pool-Goudzwaard
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences—Program Musculoskeletal Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Margaret Schnitzler
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Amee L. Seitz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Adam I. Semciw
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (Z.P.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Philip W. Sheard
- Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (J.C.); (P.W.S.)
| | - Andrew C. Smith
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Suzanne J. Snodgrass
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Justin Sullivan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Vienna Tran
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Stephanie Valentin
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH11 4BN, UK;
| | - David M. Walton
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Laurelie R. Wishart
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia; (N.J.C.); (M.M.F.S.); (S.P.O.); (L.R.W.)
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - James M. Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.B.A.); (C.E.A.-J.); (J.A.); (S.C.); (A.G.D.); (J.P.E.); (H.J.F.); (Z.G.); (S.G.); (L.A.H.); (C.E.H.); (S.N.H.); (B.K.); (S.M.); (L.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (J.M.E.)
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, The Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Fisher C, Soh SE, Page RS, de Steiger R, Cuthbert AR, Ackerman IN. Forecasting the future burden of primary total shoulder replacement in Australia. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1636-1643. [PMID: 37696387 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To forecast the number of primary total shoulder replacements (TSR) in Australia to the year 2035, and associated costs. METHODS De-identified TSR data for 2009-2019 were obtained from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Population data, including population projections to 2035, were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Three forecasting scenarios were used: constant TSR rates from 2019 onwards (Scenario 1, conservative); continued growth in TSR rates using negative binomial regression (Scenario 2, exponential); and continued growth using negative binomial regression with monotone B-splines (Scenario 3, moderate). Healthcare costs were estimated using TSR projections and average procedure costs, inflated to 2035 Australian dollars. RESULTS The use of TSR increased by 242% in Australia from 2009 to 2019 (from 1983 to 6789 procedures for people ≥40 years). Under Scenario 1, the incidence of TSR is conservatively projected to rise to 9676 procedures by 2035 (43% increase from 2019), at a cost of $AUD 312.6 million to the health system. Under Scenario 2, TSR incidence would increase to 45,295 procedures by 2035 (567% increase), costing $AUD 1.46 billion. Under Scenario 3, 28,257 TSR procedures are forecast in 2035 (316% increase) at a cost of $913 million. CONCLUSIONS Recent growth in TSR likely relates to prosthesis improvements, greater surgeon proficiency, and expanded clinical indications. Under moderate and exponential scenarios that consider rising TSR rates and population projections, Australia would face three- to five-fold growth in procedures by 2035. This would have profound implications for the healthcare budget, clinical workforce, and infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sze-Ee Soh
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Richard S Page
- Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Barwon Health and St John of God Hospital, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Alana R Cuthbert
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ilana N Ackerman
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Tran G, Fascia D, Askew J, Cabry F, Talbot C, Copas D, Conaghan PG. The prevalence of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis in a primary care shoulder pain population referred for radiographs. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1290-1292. [PMID: 34849620 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gui Tran
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate, HG2 7SX
| | - Dan Fascia
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate, HG2 7SX
| | - Joseph Askew
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate, HG2 7SX
| | - Fran Cabry
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate, HG2 7SX
| | - Charlie Talbot
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate, HG2 7SX
| | - David Copas
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate, HG2 7SX
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham, UK
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Ackerman IN, Busija L, Lorimer M, de Steiger R, Graves SE. Lifetime Risk of Revision Hip Replacement Surgery in Australia Remains Low: A Population-Level Analysis Using National Registry Data. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:389-396. [PMID: 33439609 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-validated data from arthroplasty registries provide an opportunity to understand contemporary use of revision hip replacement at a national level. Such information can underpin health-care resource allocation and surgical workforce planning. The purposes of the present study were to describe the demographic characteristics of patients managed with revision hip replacement surgery in Australia and to examine changes in the lifetime risk of revision hip replacement over a decade. METHODS Deidentified individual-level data on all revision hip replacement procedures performed in Australia from 2007 to 2017 were obtained from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Life tables and population data were sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The lifetime risk of revision surgery each year was estimated with use of a standardized approach, with separate calculations for males and females. RESULTS A total of 46,086 revision hip replacement procedures were performed from 2007 to 2017. The median age at the time of surgery was 72 years (interquartile range, 63 to 80 years). While loosening or lysis became less frequent reasons for revision over time (from 51% in 2007 to 28% in 2017), revision hip replacement for infection became increasingly common (from 14% in 2007 to 25% in 2017). Revisions for metal-related pathology peaked in 2011. Utilization rates were highest for males ≥80 years of age (127.9 procedures per 100,000 population in 2017). Although a small rise was evident in 2011 and 2012 (to 2.39% and 2.22%, respectively), the lifetime risk of revision hip replacement in females decreased from 1.90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82% to 1.99%) in 2007 to 1.74% (95% CI, 1.66% to 1.82%) in 2017. A similar pattern was evident for males; the lifetime risk was 1.78% (95% CI, 1.69% to 1.86%) in 2007 and 1.57% (95% CI, 1.49% to 1.65%) in 2017. CONCLUSIONS These data enable us to understand the epidemiology of revision hip replacement in Australia, including the shifting clinical indications for this procedure. At a population level, the lifetime risk of revision hip replacement remains low at <1 in 50 people in 2017. These methods can be utilized for population-level surveillance of revision burden and to enable between-country benchmarking. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana N Ackerman
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ljoudmila Busija
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen E Graves
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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